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2015 10th International Workshop on the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits (EMC Compo)最新文献

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Radiation characteristics of small loop antenna above perforated finite image plane 多孔有限像面上小环形天线的辐射特性
R. Blečić, R. Gillon, B. Nauwelaers, A. Barić
Radiation characteristics of a loop antenna, small compared to the wavelength and placed centrally above a perforated finite image plane, are presented. Holes in the image plane typically occur in a multilayer printed circuit boards (PCBs) when vias pass through the second layer which serves as a reflector. A 3D finite element method (FEM) electromagnetic (EM) simulation of a System-in-Package (SiP) synchronous buck converter shows a significant impact of the holes on the characteristics of the converter. A parametric analysis of the impact of the number and radius of holes on the radiated characteristics and on the inductance of a small loop antenna above perforated image plane is performed by 3D FEM EM simulations. Guidelines for a design of multilayer PCBs for magnetically driven sources, such as DC-DC converters, are deduced.
环形天线的辐射特性,相比波长小,并放置在一个穿孔的有限成像平面的中央,提出。在多层印刷电路板(pcb)中,当通孔通过作为反射器的第二层时,成像平面上通常会出现孔。采用三维有限元法(FEM)对一种系统级封装(SiP)同步降压变换器进行了电磁仿真,分析了孔对变换器特性的影响。通过三维有限元电磁仿真,分析了小孔数目和半径对穿孔像面上小环形天线的辐射特性和电感的影响。推导了用于磁驱动源(如DC-DC转换器)的多层pcb设计准则。
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引用次数: 0
Fundamental study on randomized processing in cryptographic IC using variable clock against Correlation Power Analysis 基于相关功率分析的可变时钟密码IC随机化处理的基础研究
Megumi Saito, T. Mizuki, H. Sone, Yu-ichi Hayashi
Correlation Power Analysis (CPA) is one of the typical side-channel analyses targeting cryptographic IC. CPA calculates the Poisson correlation function between transient currents (which are generated from a cryptographic IC depending on the processed data) and hypothetical current values and then recovers the secret key from a high number of correlation computations. Countermeasures against side-channel attacks mainly focus on algorithms and architecture at the design levels. These methods suffer from some problems, e.g., increase in processing time and circuit scale. This paper discusses a countermeasure against CPA, which can be relatively inexpensively and easily implemented. CPA calculates the correlation value between the transient current waveforms and hypothetical current values under the assumption that the specific process that leaks the secret key information is always performed after a certain time from the time when the cryptographic IC starts performing encryption or decryption and recovers the secret key. Therefore, we consider the possibility of randomizing the time when a cryptographic IC runs the process where the secret key information is leaked to suppress the leakage of side-channel information available in recovering the secret key. In this paper, we propose a method of changing the clock frequencies for each encryption or decryption to randomize the time. In our experiment, we employed Side-channel Attack Standard Evaluation Board (SASEBO-G) and implemented Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) of SASEBO-G. We measured the transient currents in a cryptographic FPGA that was supplied a spread-spectrum clock while it performs AES encryption. We calculated the correlation value between each transient current waveform and a hypothetical current value and demonstrated that this process is effective as a countermeasure against CPA.
相关功率分析(CPA)是针对加密集成电路的一种典型的侧信道分析方法。CPA计算瞬态电流(根据处理的数据由加密集成电路产生)与假设电流值之间的泊松相关函数,然后通过大量的相关计算恢复密钥。针对侧信道攻击的对策主要集中在设计层面的算法和体系结构。这些方法存在处理时间长、电路规模大等问题。本文讨论了一种成本相对较低且易于实现的对抗CPA的对策。CPA计算瞬态电流波形与假设电流值之间的相关值,假设泄露密钥信息的特定过程总是在加密IC开始执行加密或解密并恢复密钥后的一段时间后进行。因此,我们考虑随机化加密IC运行密钥信息泄露过程的时间的可能性,以抑制在恢复密钥时可用的侧信道信息的泄漏。在本文中,我们提出了一种方法来改变时钟频率为每次加密或解密随机化的时间。在我们的实验中,我们采用了侧信道攻击标准评估板(SASEBO-G),并在SASEBO-G的现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)上实现了高级加密标准(AES)。我们测量了加密FPGA中的瞬态电流,该FPGA在执行AES加密时提供了扩频时钟。我们计算了每个暂态电流波形与假设电流值之间的相关值,并证明了该过程是有效的对抗CPA的方法。
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引用次数: 2
Direct power injection on functional and non-functional signals of SPI EEPROM memories 对SPI EEPROM存储器的功能和非功能信号的直接功率注入
Mohammed Amellall, S. O. Land, R. Perdriau, M. Ramdani, A. Ahaitouf, M. Drissi
This paper deals with the conducted immunity of SPI EEPROM memories. The design and implementation of a wideband radio frequency-baseband multiplexer are described. This multiplexer makes it possible to superimpose radio frequency noise to a functional baseband signal with controlled and repeatable transfer characteristics. The baseband path has a measured DC - 380MHz bandwidth, while the radio frequency path (up to 1W) has a 150kHz - 5GHz bandwidth. This multiplexer is used to compare the conducted immunity of functional and non-functional pins of EEPROM memories with a single measurement set-up.
本文研究SPI EEPROM存储器的传导抗扰性。介绍了一种宽带射频基带多路复用器的设计与实现。该多路复用器可以将射频噪声叠加到具有可控和可重复传输特性的功能基带信号上。基带路径具有测量的DC - 380MHz带宽,而射频路径(高达1W)具有150kHz - 5GHz带宽。该多路复用器用于比较EEPROM存储器的功能和非功能引脚的传导抗扰度。
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引用次数: 2
DC/DC converter dead-time variation analysis and far-field radiation estimation DC/DC变换器死区时间变化分析及远场辐射估计
T. Mandic, R. Blečić, R. Gillon, A. Barić
This paper presents the dead-time variation analysis and far-field radiation estimation of a DC/DC converter. The critical factors influencing the dead-time variation are identified and their statistical distributions are defined. The statistical distribution of the MOSFET parasitic capacitances is optimized to match the values obtained by measurements. The packaging process variation together with the variation of the printed circuit board properties are identified and transferred into circuit simulator by the response surface methodology (RSM). The RSM models together with the simplified synchronous buck DC/DC converter model is implemented in circuit simulator and Monte Carlo simulation is performed. The dead-time variation is extracted from Monte Carlo simulation results and most significant sources of variation are identified. The switching current extracted from the simulation results is used to estimate variation of the far-field radiation.
本文介绍了一种DC/DC变换器的死区时间变化分析和远场辐射估计。确定了影响死区时间变化的关键因素,并确定了它们的统计分布。优化了MOSFET寄生电容的统计分布,使其与测量值相匹配。利用响应面法(RSM)识别封装工艺变化和印刷电路板性能变化,并将其传递到电路模拟器中。在电路模拟器中实现了RSM模型和简化的同步降压DC/DC变换器模型,并进行了蒙特卡罗仿真。从蒙特卡罗模拟结果中提取了死区时间的变化,并确定了最重要的变化源。从仿真结果中提取的开关电流用于估计远场辐射的变化。
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引用次数: 6
On-chip Watchdog to monitor RTOS activity in MPSoC exposed to noisy environment 片上看门狗监测RTOS活动在MPSoC暴露于噪声环境
C. Oliveira, L. Poehls, F. Vargas
The use of Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) became a mandatory condition to design safety-critical real-time embedded systems based on multicore processors. At the same time, these systems are becoming more and more sensitive to transient faults originated from a large spectrum of noisy sources such as conducted and radiated Electromagnetic Interference (EMI). Therefore, the system's reliability degrades. In this work, we present a hardware-based infrastructure intellectual property (I-IP) core able to monitor the RTOS' activity in a multicore processor system-on-chip (MPSoC). The final goal is to detect faults that corrupt the task scheduling process in embedded systems based on preemptive RTOS. The I-IP core, namely RTOS-Watchdog (RTOS-WD), was described in VHDL and is connected to the address busses between the cores and their local iCache memories. A case-study based on a MPSoC running different test programs under the control of a typical preemptive RTOS was implemented and exposed to conducted EMI. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed approach provides higher fault coverage when compared to the native fault detection mechanisms embedded in the kernel of the RTOS.
实时操作系统(RTOS)的使用成为设计基于多核处理器的安全关键型实时嵌入式系统的必要条件。同时,这些系统对由传导和辐射电磁干扰(EMI)等大频谱噪声源引起的瞬态故障越来越敏感。导致系统可靠性降低。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个基于硬件的基础设施知识产权(I-IP)核心,能够监控多核处理器片上系统(MPSoC)中的RTOS活动。最终目标是检测出在基于抢占式RTOS的嵌入式系统中破坏任务调度过程的故障。I-IP核,即rtos -看门狗(RTOS-WD),用VHDL描述,连接到核和它们的本地iCache存储器之间的地址总线。基于MPSoC在典型抢占式RTOS控制下运行不同测试程序的案例研究,并暴露于传导EMI中。结果表明,与嵌入在实时操作系统内核中的本地故障检测机制相比,该方法提供了更高的故障覆盖率。
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引用次数: 1
Characterization of the immunity of integrated circuits (ICs) at wafer level 晶圆级集成电路抗扰度的表征
Andrea Lavarda, Dominik Amschl, S. Bauer, B. Deutschmann
This paper deals with the characterization of the immunity of integrated circuits (ICs) by means of their susceptibility to conducted radio frequency (RF) electromagnetic interferences (EMI). It describes and analyses a framework to perform such characterization at wafer level, highlighting the benefits that are reaped from it and the problems that can be faced during the test bench setup and the measurement procedure, providing some possible solutions.
本文通过对传导射频电磁干扰(EMI)的敏感性来研究集成电路(ic)的抗扰度。它描述和分析了在晶圆级执行这种表征的框架,强调了从中获得的好处以及在测试台架设置和测量过程中可能面临的问题,并提供了一些可能的解决方案。
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引用次数: 1
Large domain validity of MOSFET microwave-rectification response MOSFET微波整流响应的大域有效性
C. Pouant, J. Raoult, P. Hoffmann
This paper deals with the “in band” and “out band” rectification of a Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFET's) device and proposes a semi-empirical model to predict the rectification effect in all transistor regions. The modeling method is based on two variables Taylor series expansion of ID(VGS, VDS) which shows a modification in drain current due to a gate Radio-Frequency (RF) voltage. This modification depends on the transconductance and conductance derivatives. When the transistor operates in the non-saturation and linear region the conductance becomes an important nonlinear source. However, it can be neglected in the saturation region of the MOSFET.
本文研究了金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管(MOSFET)器件的“带内”和“带外”整流,并提出了一个半经验模型来预测整流在所有晶体管区域的效果。建模方法是基于两变量Taylor级数展开的ID(VGS, VDS),它显示了栅极射频(RF)电压对漏极电流的影响。这种修正取决于跨电导和电导导数。当晶体管工作在非饱和线性区域时,电导成为一个重要的非线性源。然而,在MOSFET的饱和区域,它可以忽略不计。
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引用次数: 6
Bandgap failure study due to parasitic bipolar substrate coupling in Smart Power mixed ICs 智能电源混合集成电路中寄生双极衬底耦合导致的带隙失效研究
V. Tomasevic, A. Boyer, S. Bendhia
In order to merge low power and high voltage devices on the same chip at competitive cost, Smart Power integrated circuits (ICs) are extensively used. The presence of low power and high voltage devices in Smart Power ICs cause parasitic substrate interaction between switched power stages and sensitive analog blocks. Nowadays this is the major cause of failure of Smart Power ICs inducing costly circuit redesign. Modern CAD tools cannot accurately simulate this type of interaction expressed as an injection of minority carriers in the substrate and their propagation in the substrate. In order to create a link between circuit design, modelling and implementation in innovative CAD tools there is a need to validate these models by measuring the high voltage perturbations that activate parasitic structures. This paper presents a study of bandgap failure issues due to the substrate coupling induced by high power parts of the circuit which can activate parasitic bipolar structures inside the substrate of Smart Power ICs.
为了以具有竞争力的成本在同一芯片上合并低功耗和高压器件,智能电源集成电路(ic)得到了广泛的应用。在智能电源集成电路中,低功率和高压器件的存在导致开关功率级和敏感模拟模块之间的寄生衬底相互作用。这是目前智能电源集成电路失效的主要原因,引起昂贵的电路重新设计。现代CAD工具不能准确地模拟这种相互作用,这种相互作用表现为基材中少数载流子的注入及其在基材中的传播。为了在创新的CAD工具中创建电路设计,建模和实现之间的联系,需要通过测量激活寄生结构的高压扰动来验证这些模型。本文研究了智能功率集成电路中由大功率器件引起的衬底耦合引起的带隙失效问题,这种带隙失效会激活衬底内的寄生双极结构。
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引用次数: 3
Analytical approach to study Electromagnetic emission EME contributors on DC/DC applications 研究直流/直流应用中电磁辐射贡献源的解析方法
K. Abouda, Guillaume Aulagnier, E. Rolland, M. Cousineau
Inside the car, all integrated circuits “IC” have to be optimized to survive against severe external aggressions. The noise generated by each activity inside each IC must be low enough, to not disturb the environment. As known nowadays, DC-DC converters can significantly impact the Electromagnetic Compatibility “EMC” performances, and mainly the emission ones. Unfortunately, simulation with linear models like ICEM or IBIS models [1, 2] remains very challenging for integrated analogue products due to the high number of parameters, plenty of possible applications and the extent of the frequency domain where the integrated circuit must be compliant. A paper describes an analytical approach to highlight the main contributors to the high frequency noise generated by switching activity in Buck converters [3]. This approach is then employed to reduce Conducted Emission “CE” performance using multiphase interleaved Buck converters and to highlight benefits of increasing the number of phases in improving the emission profile.
在车内,所有集成电路(IC)都必须经过优化,以抵御严重的外部入侵。每个集成电路内部的每个活动产生的噪声必须足够低,以免干扰环境。众所周知,DC-DC变换器会显著影响电磁兼容(EMC)性能,主要是发射性能。不幸的是,对于集成模拟产品来说,使用ICEM或IBIS模型等线性模型进行仿真[1,2]仍然非常具有挑战性,因为参数数量多,可能的应用范围广,而且集成电路必须符合频域范围。本文描述了一种分析方法,以突出Buck变换器[3]中开关活动产生高频噪声的主要贡献者。然后采用该方法使用多相交错Buck转换器来降低传导发射“CE”性能,并突出增加相位数在改善发射剖面方面的好处。
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引用次数: 0
Functional analysis of an integrated communication interface during ESD ESD中集成通信接口的功能分析
Thomas Ungru, W. Wilkening, Steffen Walker, R. Negra
This paper presents the analysis of effects and consequences of ESD on an operating integrated communication interface. We used a test structure for a differential bus module and observed its output signal behaviour under conducted ESD gun stress, to our knowledge for the first time. Measurements correlate to our simulations.
本文分析了静电放电对集成通信接口的影响和后果。我们使用了差分总线模块的测试结构,并首次观察了其在传导ESD枪应力下的输出信号行为。测量结果与我们的模拟相关联。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
2015 10th International Workshop on the Electromagnetic Compatibility of Integrated Circuits (EMC Compo)
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