Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0137
Varahalarao Vadlapudi, Sandeep Kulkarni
Biomarkers in inflammation are measurable and valuable biological indicators that can be used to assess the severity, presence, progression of inflammatory processes within the body. Inflammation is a complex physiological response that occurs in response to various stimuli, such as tissue damage, infections, and autoimmune reactions. There are several types of biomarkers Cytokines, Eicosanoids, Calprotectin, E-selectin, P-selectin, Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), Exosomes, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Chemokines , Neurofilament light chain (NfL), MMPs, 8-isoPGF2α, TIMPs, cell NO2-, adhesion molecules, PTX3, autoantibodies, complements, sRAGE, NT-proBNP, acute-phase and immunology-related proteins, thrombogenicity markers, ghrelin, leptin and adipokines, Presepsin, p75ECD, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH), IDO1 and TARC, SCCA2, CTACK, EDN, MDC, LDH, and commonly used in the context of inflammation. We analysed the literature through online databases such as PubMed ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were used to search for journals and studies published. In this review, we discuss about different types of biomarkers involved in inflammation and their levels of elevation in various disease conditions. Quantified inflammatory biomarkers are effective clinical strategy for correct and reasonable drug treatment. There may have been advancements in the development of new treatments or therapies since my last update. Therapeutic agents like colchicine can modulate the immune response to reduce inflammation.
{"title":"A Systematic review of Inflammatory biomarkers, Clinical significance, Detection, and their therapeutic agents","authors":"Varahalarao Vadlapudi, Sandeep Kulkarni","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0137","url":null,"abstract":"Biomarkers in inflammation are measurable and valuable biological indicators that can be used to assess the severity, presence, progression of inflammatory processes within the body. Inflammation is a complex physiological response that occurs in response to various stimuli, such as tissue damage, infections, and autoimmune reactions. There are several types of biomarkers Cytokines, Eicosanoids, Calprotectin, E-selectin, P-selectin, Fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP), Exosomes, Myeloperoxidase (MPO), Chemokines , Neurofilament light chain (NfL), MMPs, 8-isoPGF2α, TIMPs, cell NO2-, adhesion molecules, PTX3, autoantibodies, complements, sRAGE, NT-proBNP, acute-phase and immunology-related proteins, thrombogenicity markers, ghrelin, leptin and adipokines, Presepsin, p75ECD, phosphorylated neurofilament heavy (pNfH), IDO1 and TARC, SCCA2, CTACK, EDN, MDC, LDH, and commonly used in the context of inflammation. We analysed the literature through online databases such as PubMed ScienceDirect and Google Scholar were used to search for journals and studies published. In this review, we discuss about different types of biomarkers involved in inflammation and their levels of elevation in various disease conditions. Quantified inflammatory biomarkers are effective clinical strategy for correct and reasonable drug treatment. There may have been advancements in the development of new treatments or therapies since my last update. Therapeutic agents like colchicine can modulate the immune response to reduce inflammation.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"36 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0118
Basem Hamdan Alkousheh, Mohammed Talal Al-kofahi, Ahmed Mohammad Smadi, Thabet Hussein Mugdadi, Bassil Ahmad Bany omar
Objective: to evaluate the hearing outcomes of using ionomeric bone cement in re-bridging incudostapedial joint discontinuity. Methods: This study included 50 patients who had ossiculoplasty using ionomeric bone cement for re-bridging of incudostapedial joint. There pre and post-operative audiologic outcomes were evaluated and reviewed by using pure tone audiometry averages and the air bone gap values with a follow up period of one year. Results: 42 patients (84%) had a post-operative air bone gap less than 20 dB following one year of surgery. The pre and post-operative mean of pure tune averages were 50.04±7.28 and 32.74±7.07 respectively (P value<0.01). The pre and post-operative mean of air bone gap were 36.56±6.41 and 17.60±5.77 respectively which was statistically significant (P value<0.01). Conclusion: using of ionomeric bone cement is a good grafting material in incudostapedial re-bridging ossiculoplasty being cost effective, easy applicable and biocompatible and give a satisfactory hearing outcome in selected patients.
{"title":"Using bone cement in re-bridging incudostapedial joint","authors":"Basem Hamdan Alkousheh, Mohammed Talal Al-kofahi, Ahmed Mohammad Smadi, Thabet Hussein Mugdadi, Bassil Ahmad Bany omar","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0118","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to evaluate the hearing outcomes of using ionomeric bone cement in re-bridging incudostapedial joint discontinuity. Methods: This study included 50 patients who had ossiculoplasty using ionomeric bone cement for re-bridging of incudostapedial joint. There pre and post-operative audiologic outcomes were evaluated and reviewed by using pure tone audiometry averages and the air bone gap values with a follow up period of one year. Results: 42 patients (84%) had a post-operative air bone gap less than 20 dB following one year of surgery. The pre and post-operative mean of pure tune averages were 50.04±7.28 and 32.74±7.07 respectively (P value<0.01). The pre and post-operative mean of air bone gap were 36.56±6.41 and 17.60±5.77 respectively which was statistically significant (P value<0.01). Conclusion: using of ionomeric bone cement is a good grafting material in incudostapedial re-bridging ossiculoplasty being cost effective, easy applicable and biocompatible and give a satisfactory hearing outcome in selected patients.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"49 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0122
Baha'a A. Abdul-Hussein, Hassanen A. Radi, Sara Majeed Kareem
In glaucoma, as optic neuropathy gradually proceeds unnoticed by the patient, early detection and treatment is of paramount importance in arresting or controlling the progress of damage. To explore effects of topical nadolol on intraocular pressure (IOP) ocular hypertensive eyes of rabbits. A group of 36 males of the rabbits were included in this study. Induction of ocular hypertension was achieved by injection of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose in the anterior chamber of rabbits right eye. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial therapeutic effect. The included rabbits were divided into distilled water group, timolol (0.25% and 0.5%) groups, and nadolol (0.25% and 0.5%). Each of drug eye drops (including distilled water) were instilled into right eyes 3 times/day for 10 days therapeutically. The rabbits had been examined for the IOP, pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex, and conjunctival redness prior to instillation of drugs and along the trial period. Results: Ocular hypotensive effects of nadolol (0.25%) and (0.5%) eye drops were more efficient than that of distilled water (P<0.01). Furthermore, nadolol eye drop was more efficient than timolol eye drop (0.01>P>0.05) in its ocular hypotensive effect in both concentrations along the trial period. In both parts of the present study and regarding each of mean pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex and conjunctival redness, nadolol (0.25% or 0.5%) eye drops had no significant adverse effect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Nadolol eye drops instilled 3 times / day had an obvious beneficial, safe, and tolerable therapeutic ocular hypotensive effects on hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose - induced ocular hypertension in rabbits.
{"title":"Effect of nadolol in treatment of induced ocular hypertension in rabbits","authors":"Baha'a A. Abdul-Hussein, Hassanen A. Radi, Sara Majeed Kareem","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0122","url":null,"abstract":"In glaucoma, as optic neuropathy gradually proceeds unnoticed by the patient, early detection and treatment is of paramount importance in arresting or controlling the progress of damage. To explore effects of topical nadolol on intraocular pressure (IOP) ocular hypertensive eyes of rabbits. A group of 36 males of the rabbits were included in this study. Induction of ocular hypertension was achieved by injection of hydroxy propyl methylcellulose in the anterior chamber of rabbits right eye. The present study was designed to evaluate the possible beneficial therapeutic effect. The included rabbits were divided into distilled water group, timolol (0.25% and 0.5%) groups, and nadolol (0.25% and 0.5%). Each of drug eye drops (including distilled water) were instilled into right eyes 3 times/day for 10 days therapeutically. The rabbits had been examined for the IOP, pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex, and conjunctival redness prior to instillation of drugs and along the trial period. Results: Ocular hypotensive effects of nadolol (0.25%) and (0.5%) eye drops were more efficient than that of distilled water (P<0.01). Furthermore, nadolol eye drop was more efficient than timolol eye drop (0.01>P>0.05) in its ocular hypotensive effect in both concentrations along the trial period. In both parts of the present study and regarding each of mean pupil diameter, light reflex, corneal reflex and conjunctival redness, nadolol (0.25% or 0.5%) eye drops had no significant adverse effect (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Nadolol eye drops instilled 3 times / day had an obvious beneficial, safe, and tolerable therapeutic ocular hypotensive effects on hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose - induced ocular hypertension in rabbits.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"29 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140364290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0098
Gede Adit, Puspa Dantayasa, W. Suarna, Desak Putu Mas, Ari Candrawati
Lohmann brown chickens are laying hens as a source of egg supply. However, eggs are easily damaged if stored, it is necessary to improve egg quality, one of which can be done by utilizing purple sweet potato waste. This research aims to determine the effect of using purple sweet potato waste flour in rations on the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs stored for 5 weeks, carried out in Candiksuma Village, Melaya District, Jembrana Regency Bali for 12 weeks. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of rations without purple sweet potato waste flour as a control (A), and rations containing 5% purple sweet potato waste flour (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 chickens aged 65 weeks. After one month of treatment, 96 eggs were taken to be stored. The variables observed were egg weight, egg pH, egg specific gravity, egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, egg white percentage, egg yolk percentage, egg white index, egg yolk index, and haugh units (HU). The research results showed that giving purple sweet potato waste flour did not reduce egg quality in the variables of egg weight, egg pH, egg specific gravity, egg yolk percentage, egg white index, and egg yolk index during 5 weeks of storage. A decrease in egg quality occurs in egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, egg white percentage, and Haugh Units (HU). It can be concluded that providing purple sweet potato waste flour in the ration can maintain the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs stored for 5 weeks.
{"title":"The benefits of purple sweet potato waste flour in the ratio of maintaining the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs","authors":"Gede Adit, Puspa Dantayasa, W. Suarna, Desak Putu Mas, Ari Candrawati","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0098","url":null,"abstract":"Lohmann brown chickens are laying hens as a source of egg supply. However, eggs are easily damaged if stored, it is necessary to improve egg quality, one of which can be done by utilizing purple sweet potato waste. This research aims to determine the effect of using purple sweet potato waste flour in rations on the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs stored for 5 weeks, carried out in Candiksuma Village, Melaya District, Jembrana Regency Bali for 12 weeks. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of rations without purple sweet potato waste flour as a control (A), and rations containing 5% purple sweet potato waste flour (B), 10% (C), and 15% (D). Each experimental unit consisted of 10 chickens aged 65 weeks. After one month of treatment, 96 eggs were taken to be stored. The variables observed were egg weight, egg pH, egg specific gravity, egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, egg white percentage, egg yolk percentage, egg white index, egg yolk index, and haugh units (HU). The research results showed that giving purple sweet potato waste flour did not reduce egg quality in the variables of egg weight, egg pH, egg specific gravity, egg yolk percentage, egg white index, and egg yolk index during 5 weeks of storage. A decrease in egg quality occurs in egg yolk color, eggshell thickness, egg white percentage, and Haugh Units (HU). It can be concluded that providing purple sweet potato waste flour in the ration can maintain the quality of Lohmann brown chicken eggs stored for 5 weeks.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0129
Kalpesh Khutade, N. Kumari, Harshada Shah
Research necessitates a systematic approach, meticulous planning, and execution as planned. The study consists of predefined components, such as aims, population, conduct/technique, outcome, and statistical considerations. Understanding the fundamental aspects of methodology is crucial for any researcher, as it ensures objective, reliable, and repeatable results. This narrative review explored various aspects of the methodology used in conducting clinical research. A literature search was conducted using relevant keywords from various databases and article bibliographies.
{"title":"Clinical research methodology: A narrative review","authors":"Kalpesh Khutade, N. Kumari, Harshada Shah","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0129","url":null,"abstract":"Research necessitates a systematic approach, meticulous planning, and execution as planned. The study consists of predefined components, such as aims, population, conduct/technique, outcome, and statistical considerations. Understanding the fundamental aspects of methodology is crucial for any researcher, as it ensures objective, reliable, and repeatable results. This narrative review explored various aspects of the methodology used in conducting clinical research. A literature search was conducted using relevant keywords from various databases and article bibliographies.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"15 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0110
Yu. Gantugs, А.Purevgerel, P. Tseden
Introduction: Cases of mortality and illness caused by injury in Mongolian population have increased drastically in recent years, and in 2022, 5th cause of illness and the 3rd cause of mortality. On average, more than 146,000 new cases of accidents and injuries are registered in Mongolia every year. More than 69% of it is a working-age population. Purpose and objectives: The purpose of the research work is to calculate the number of years lived with disability due to accidents among the working-age population of Mongolia. Research materials and methods: The study design is a Retrospective Cohort Study. The research work was carried out according to the WHO's burden of disease determination method. We collected quantitative data on disease numbers in Mongolia from the year 2016 to 2020 from the database of the Health Development Centre and National Center for Traumatology. The number of years lived with a disability was calculated using 306,823 quantitative information of the working-age (15-61) population of Mongolia in 2016-2020. Results: In Mongolia, 61.0% (n=187047) of the causes of accidents and injuries among the working-age population over 5 years were men and 39.0% (n=119776) were women. Considering the causes of accidents and injuries among the working-age population, 49.3% of all illnesses are falls, 25.3% are homicides, 22.9% are road accidents, and the rest are suicides, intoxication/exposure to toxic substances.120469 years of living with disability due to accidents caused by external causes of the working-age population of Mongolia over 5 years. The number of years lived with a disability was 77,135 years (64.0%) for men and 43,334 (36.0%) years for women. Conclusion: The working-age population of Mongolia has 120,469 years of living with disabilities caused by accidents caused by external causes. 1.8 times more years are lost than men and women.
{"title":"Years lived with disabilities of the working-age population owing to injuries","authors":"Yu. Gantugs, А.Purevgerel, P. Tseden","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0110","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Cases of mortality and illness caused by injury in Mongolian population have increased drastically in recent years, and in 2022, 5th cause of illness and the 3rd cause of mortality. On average, more than 146,000 new cases of accidents and injuries are registered in Mongolia every year. More than 69% of it is a working-age population. Purpose and objectives: The purpose of the research work is to calculate the number of years lived with disability due to accidents among the working-age population of Mongolia. Research materials and methods: The study design is a Retrospective Cohort Study. The research work was carried out according to the WHO's burden of disease determination method. We collected quantitative data on disease numbers in Mongolia from the year 2016 to 2020 from the database of the Health Development Centre and National Center for Traumatology. The number of years lived with a disability was calculated using 306,823 quantitative information of the working-age (15-61) population of Mongolia in 2016-2020. Results: In Mongolia, 61.0% (n=187047) of the causes of accidents and injuries among the working-age population over 5 years were men and 39.0% (n=119776) were women. Considering the causes of accidents and injuries among the working-age population, 49.3% of all illnesses are falls, 25.3% are homicides, 22.9% are road accidents, and the rest are suicides, intoxication/exposure to toxic substances.120469 years of living with disability due to accidents caused by external causes of the working-age population of Mongolia over 5 years. The number of years lived with a disability was 77,135 years (64.0%) for men and 43,334 (36.0%) years for women. Conclusion: The working-age population of Mongolia has 120,469 years of living with disabilities caused by accidents caused by external causes. 1.8 times more years are lost than men and women.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"38 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140363486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0115
Shigeru Suna
Background: Sanuki Kodomo-no-Kuni Children's park adjacent to Takamatsu airport is a facility where visitors can watch airplanes take off and land up close and learn about science and technology. However, because it is not a school facility, the hygienic conditions such as noise and PM2.5 levels are not well known despite the current situation where many infants and elementary school students use this facility. Method: Noise and PM2.5 levels were measured at a point in the park 170 m from the runway center. Rsults: Three takeoffs and three landings were made during the measurement period. Instantaneous noise levels of 92.5 to 96.5 dB(A) were recorded during takeoff and 79.9 to 82.2 dB(A) during landing. The PM2.5 level every 30 minutes was 8 μg/m3 at the beginning of the measurement, but 21 μg/m3 was measured at the end, and a trend of increasing PM2.5 levels over time was observed. Conclusion: Noise levels during takeoffs and landings were instantaneous but high. Since previous studies have reported health effects of chronic exposure to aircraft noise, including misbehaviours in young children, memory loss in school children, increased birth rate of low birthweight infants, and hearing loss due to chronic exposure. It was considered desirable to avoid excessive exposure to aviation noise.
{"title":"Noise and PM2.5 levels in children's park adjacent to airport","authors":"Shigeru Suna","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0115","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sanuki Kodomo-no-Kuni Children's park adjacent to Takamatsu airport is a facility where visitors can watch airplanes take off and land up close and learn about science and technology. However, because it is not a school facility, the hygienic conditions such as noise and PM2.5 levels are not well known despite the current situation where many infants and elementary school students use this facility. Method: Noise and PM2.5 levels were measured at a point in the park 170 m from the runway center. Rsults: Three takeoffs and three landings were made during the measurement period. Instantaneous noise levels of 92.5 to 96.5 dB(A) were recorded during takeoff and 79.9 to 82.2 dB(A) during landing. The PM2.5 level every 30 minutes was 8 μg/m3 at the beginning of the measurement, but 21 μg/m3 was measured at the end, and a trend of increasing PM2.5 levels over time was observed. Conclusion: Noise levels during takeoffs and landings were instantaneous but high. Since previous studies have reported health effects of chronic exposure to aircraft noise, including misbehaviours in young children, memory loss in school children, increased birth rate of low birthweight infants, and hearing loss due to chronic exposure. It was considered desirable to avoid excessive exposure to aviation noise.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 demonstrates a different clinical severity of course in different age groups. In the present study, we present a comparative analysis regarding the risk of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality between two extreme age groups – children and young adults (0-39 years) and elderly patients (≥70 years). For the period from January to June 2022, nasopharyngeal samples of 1,611 patients at MHAT Uni Hospital (Panagyurishte, Bulgaria) were examined by PCR analysis, of which 486 had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. From the first target group with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, there were 158 patients with an average age of 27.5 years, and only one of them was hospitalized (a 30-year-old man, unvaccinated, with bilateral pneumonia and concomitant arterial hypertension). The average age of the patients from the second target group (n=40) was 75.6 years, 29 of them were outpatients and 11 were hospitalized, among whom 5 men with an average age of 77.6 years died. The average hospital stay of the only hospitalized patient from the young age group was 6 bed days, while for patients ≥70 years of age it was 10.1 bed days. Age is among the determinants of risk of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality associated with COVID-19.
{"title":"Age-related disparities in the severity course of COVID-19","authors":"Aneliya Lazarova Gotseva, Emilia Krassimirova Naseva","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0109","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 demonstrates a different clinical severity of course in different age groups. In the present study, we present a comparative analysis regarding the risk of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality between two extreme age groups – children and young adults (0-39 years) and elderly patients (≥70 years). For the period from January to June 2022, nasopharyngeal samples of 1,611 patients at MHAT Uni Hospital (Panagyurishte, Bulgaria) were examined by PCR analysis, of which 486 had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2. From the first target group with a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, there were 158 patients with an average age of 27.5 years, and only one of them was hospitalized (a 30-year-old man, unvaccinated, with bilateral pneumonia and concomitant arterial hypertension). The average age of the patients from the second target group (n=40) was 75.6 years, 29 of them were outpatients and 11 were hospitalized, among whom 5 men with an average age of 77.6 years died. The average hospital stay of the only hospitalized patient from the young age group was 6 bed days, while for patients ≥70 years of age it was 10.1 bed days. Age is among the determinants of risk of hospitalization and in-hospital mortality associated with COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0134
Sahel Rasmi Ali Al-Zeghoul, Obeidallah Abdelmajeed Obeidallah Alkhatatbeh, Saif Ali Mohamad Jabali, Shawq Walid Atallah Althaher, Osama Ibrahim Suleiman Abu Quta
Background: Chronic asthma is a complex condition. An abrupt rise in eosinophil counts, deterioration of asthma symptoms, increased reliance on bronchodilators with or without oral/IV corticosteroids, and a higher frequency of emergency room visits with hospitalisations or antibiotic use have been identified as indicators of the effectiveness of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in preventing illness. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical importance of scheduling the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing the occurrences of asthma exacerbations and their subsequent complications in children, as previously described. Methods: A study at Queen Rania Abdullah for Children Hospital in Amman, Jordan, examined 200 children aged 3-14 with chronic asthma who were hospitalized from 2022 to 2023 due to wheezing. The children were divided into four groups based on their experience with the flu vaccine and PCV13. The study used a detailed questionnaire to gather information about the children's background, health history, vaccination history, and vaccination history. The results were analyzed using chi-square testing and a 95% confidence interval. Results: A paediatric clinic in Jordan had 200 asthmatic kids, with 40.5% having not received the flu or PCV13 shot. The remaining 43.5% had received the flu shot but forgot to get the PCV13. About 11% of the kids in Group II were asthmatic and received both the flu shot and PCV 13. The study found a positive correlation between Groups I-IV for men but not for women. Age groups had similar distribution rates, with 21.0% for ages 3 to 6, 34.0% for ages 6 to 9, 37.5% for ages 9 to 12, and 7.5% for ages 12 to 15. There was a strong link between the rates of wheezing episodes in Groups I through IV compared to rates of occasional versus frequent episodes in the past seasonal year.
{"title":"Schedule of pneumococcal conjugated vaccination and incidence of asthmatic exacerbation in children","authors":"Sahel Rasmi Ali Al-Zeghoul, Obeidallah Abdelmajeed Obeidallah Alkhatatbeh, Saif Ali Mohamad Jabali, Shawq Walid Atallah Althaher, Osama Ibrahim Suleiman Abu Quta","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0134","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chronic asthma is a complex condition. An abrupt rise in eosinophil counts, deterioration of asthma symptoms, increased reliance on bronchodilators with or without oral/IV corticosteroids, and a higher frequency of emergency room visits with hospitalisations or antibiotic use have been identified as indicators of the effectiveness of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in preventing illness. Aim: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical importance of scheduling the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in reducing the occurrences of asthma exacerbations and their subsequent complications in children, as previously described. Methods: A study at Queen Rania Abdullah for Children Hospital in Amman, Jordan, examined 200 children aged 3-14 with chronic asthma who were hospitalized from 2022 to 2023 due to wheezing. The children were divided into four groups based on their experience with the flu vaccine and PCV13. The study used a detailed questionnaire to gather information about the children's background, health history, vaccination history, and vaccination history. The results were analyzed using chi-square testing and a 95% confidence interval. Results: A paediatric clinic in Jordan had 200 asthmatic kids, with 40.5% having not received the flu or PCV13 shot. The remaining 43.5% had received the flu shot but forgot to get the PCV13. About 11% of the kids in Group II were asthmatic and received both the flu shot and PCV 13. The study found a positive correlation between Groups I-IV for men but not for women. Age groups had similar distribution rates, with 21.0% for ages 3 to 6, 34.0% for ages 6 to 9, 37.5% for ages 9 to 12, and 7.5% for ages 12 to 15. There was a strong link between the rates of wheezing episodes in Groups I through IV compared to rates of occasional versus frequent episodes in the past seasonal year.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"32 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140362214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-30DOI: 10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0135
Sahel Rasmi Ali Al-Zeghoul, Obeidallah Abdelmajeed Obeidallah Alkhatatbeh, Saif Ali Mohamad Jabali, Shawq Walid Atallah Althaher, Osama Ibrahim Suleiman Abu Quta
Background: The common childhood chronic disease asthma causes hospitalisation and exacerbations due to respiratory tract viral infections like influenza. Due to uncertainty about the benefits and role of influenza vaccines in preventing asthma exacerbations, many children with asthma do not receive them, despite recommendations from organisations like the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunisation. There are two main types of influenza vaccines: intramuscular trivalent inactivated and intranasal cold-adapted, live attenuated. Both vaccines are highly immunogenic and induce an adequate immune response, but their clinical efficacy varies by season and age. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of increased wheeze rates in stable asthmatic children who received the annual flu vaccine, compared to a control group of asthmatic children who did not receive the vaccine. Methods: A retrospective study at the Queen Rania Abdullah for Children Hospital in Amman, Jordan, examined the vaccination status of 200 asthmatic children aged 3-14. The study focused on recurrent wheezing episodes and the minimum 12-month period between the last annual flu vaccination and asthmatic exacerbation. The study excluded uncontrolled or partially controlled patients for the past 12 months. Data was collected from demographic information, vaccination history, and past wheezing episodes. The children were divided into two groups, one without the flu vaccine and the other with the flu vaccine. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and disease-related factors. If children received the vaccination as per the National Vaccination Schedule, their vaccination status was considered complete. Results: A study of 200 asthmatic children in Jordan found that 35% did not receive a flu vaccine, placing them in Group I. 65% had received a flu vaccine in the previous year. Males had higher distribution rates in both flu-based groups, with a statistically insignificant positive correlation. Age categories showed similar distribution rates, with 21.0% for 3-6 years, 34.0% for 6-9 years, 37.5% for 9-12 years, and 7.5% for 12-15 years. No significant correlation was found between receiving the flu vaccine and wheezing rates in the last seasonal year. Frequent wheezing episodes were higher in experienced groups than in naïve groups.
{"title":"Proportional of wheezing events in asthmatic children post-vaccination of annual flu vaccine","authors":"Sahel Rasmi Ali Al-Zeghoul, Obeidallah Abdelmajeed Obeidallah Alkhatatbeh, Saif Ali Mohamad Jabali, Shawq Walid Atallah Althaher, Osama Ibrahim Suleiman Abu Quta","doi":"10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.3.0135","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The common childhood chronic disease asthma causes hospitalisation and exacerbations due to respiratory tract viral infections like influenza. Due to uncertainty about the benefits and role of influenza vaccines in preventing asthma exacerbations, many children with asthma do not receive them, despite recommendations from organisations like the Canadian National Advisory Committee on Immunisation. There are two main types of influenza vaccines: intramuscular trivalent inactivated and intranasal cold-adapted, live attenuated. Both vaccines are highly immunogenic and induce an adequate immune response, but their clinical efficacy varies by season and age. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of increased wheeze rates in stable asthmatic children who received the annual flu vaccine, compared to a control group of asthmatic children who did not receive the vaccine. Methods: A retrospective study at the Queen Rania Abdullah for Children Hospital in Amman, Jordan, examined the vaccination status of 200 asthmatic children aged 3-14. The study focused on recurrent wheezing episodes and the minimum 12-month period between the last annual flu vaccination and asthmatic exacerbation. The study excluded uncontrolled or partially controlled patients for the past 12 months. Data was collected from demographic information, vaccination history, and past wheezing episodes. The children were divided into two groups, one without the flu vaccine and the other with the flu vaccine. A comprehensive questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and disease-related factors. If children received the vaccination as per the National Vaccination Schedule, their vaccination status was considered complete. Results: A study of 200 asthmatic children in Jordan found that 35% did not receive a flu vaccine, placing them in Group I. 65% had received a flu vaccine in the previous year. Males had higher distribution rates in both flu-based groups, with a statistically insignificant positive correlation. Age categories showed similar distribution rates, with 21.0% for 3-6 years, 34.0% for 6-9 years, 37.5% for 9-12 years, and 7.5% for 12-15 years. No significant correlation was found between receiving the flu vaccine and wheezing rates in the last seasonal year. Frequent wheezing episodes were higher in experienced groups than in naïve groups.","PeriodicalId":23738,"journal":{"name":"World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences","volume":"9 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140361487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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