Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.046
O. Akinroluyo, V. Kemešytė, K. Jaškūnė, G. Statkevičiūtė
Drought is a critical abiotic stress that disrupts redox homeostasis and is detrimental to plant development. To respond to drought, plants have developed complex mechanisms that allow them to perceive and counter abiotic stresses rapidly. Polyploidy gives rise to many gene expression changes allowing plants to adapt to a broader ecological range. The present study was designed to compare the expression of drought-related genes in diploid cultivars and induced tetraploid lines of Westerwolths ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ssp. multiflorum). Plants were grown for three weeks in the growth chambers and were subjected to 5 days of water deficit. The relative expression of candidate genes was checked at three-time points, and the relative water content (RWC) was also calculated. The results of the experiment showed critical differences in response to water deficit periods between the diploid cultivars and their respective induced tetraploid lines. The induced tetraploid lines showed a significantly higher expression of drought-related genes than their diploid parents and had higher RWC. Also, out of the genes investigated, dehydrin is the most responsive gene to water deficit periods in Westerwolths ryegrass. Understanding the differential expression pattern of genes involved in drought response provides insight into how cytotypes respond to water deficit periods.
{"title":"Candidate-gene expression patterns in diploid and tetraploid Lolium multiflorum spp. multiflorum cultivars under water deficit","authors":"O. Akinroluyo, V. Kemešytė, K. Jaškūnė, G. Statkevičiūtė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.046","url":null,"abstract":"Drought is a critical abiotic stress that disrupts redox homeostasis and is detrimental to plant development. To respond to drought, plants have developed complex mechanisms that allow them to perceive and counter abiotic stresses rapidly. Polyploidy gives rise to many gene expression changes allowing plants to adapt to a broader ecological range. The present study was designed to compare the expression of drought-related genes in diploid cultivars and induced tetraploid lines of Westerwolths ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum ssp. multiflorum). Plants were grown for three weeks in the growth chambers and were subjected to 5 days of water deficit. The relative expression of candidate genes was checked at three-time points, and the relative water content (RWC) was also calculated. The results of the experiment showed critical differences in response to water deficit periods between the diploid cultivars and their respective induced tetraploid lines. The induced tetraploid lines showed a significantly higher expression of drought-related genes than their diploid parents and had higher RWC. Also, out of the genes investigated, dehydrin is the most responsive gene to water deficit periods in Westerwolths ryegrass. Understanding the differential expression pattern of genes involved in drought response provides insight into how cytotypes respond to water deficit periods.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86985581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.039
S. Soylu, M. Kara, A. Uysal, Ş. Kurt, E. M. Soylu
In this study, biocontrol efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from the leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) healthy plants was investigated against white mould disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro and in vivo conditions. Antagonistic efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates was determined to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination, suppress disease incidence caused by S. sclerotiorum. A total of 48 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from different tissues of lettuce healthy plants. Mycelial growth and germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in vitro inhibited 18 bacterial isolates. Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens isolates were found to be the most efficient ones, which significantly inhibited the mycelial growth by 68.1–83.1%, germination of sclerotia by 82.7–89.6% and suppressed disease incidence by 55.7–75% caused by S. sclerotiorum. In addition, the fungal mycelium close to the inhibition zone in dual culture was denser and darker in colour. B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens isolates caused significant morphological alterations in hyphae such as hyphal shrivelling and perforation close to the inhibition zone in dual culture. Significant suppression in the mycelial growth, sclerotial germination and disease incidence caused by endophytic bacterial isolates indicate that isolates of B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens could be considered as possible biocontrol agents against soil-borne fungal diseases.
{"title":"Determination of antagonistic potential of endophytic bacteria isolated from lettuce against lettuce white mould disease caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum","authors":"S. Soylu, M. Kara, A. Uysal, Ş. Kurt, E. M. Soylu","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.039","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, biocontrol efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates obtained from the leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) healthy plants was investigated against white mould disease agent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in vitro and in vivo conditions. Antagonistic efficiency of endophytic bacterial isolates was determined to inhibit mycelial growth and sclerotial germination, suppress disease incidence caused by S. sclerotiorum. A total of 48 endophytic bacterial isolates were isolated from different tissues of lettuce healthy plants. Mycelial growth and germination of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum in vitro inhibited 18 bacterial isolates. Bacillus subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens isolates were found to be the most efficient ones, which significantly inhibited the mycelial growth by 68.1–83.1%, germination of sclerotia by 82.7–89.6% and suppressed disease incidence by 55.7–75% caused by S. sclerotiorum. In addition, the fungal mycelium close to the inhibition zone in dual culture was denser and darker in colour. B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens isolates caused significant morphological alterations in hyphae such as hyphal shrivelling and perforation close to the inhibition zone in dual culture. Significant suppression in the mycelial growth, sclerotial germination and disease incidence caused by endophytic bacterial isolates indicate that isolates of B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens could be considered as possible biocontrol agents against soil-borne fungal diseases.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76819721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.038
B. Bankina, F. Stoddard, J. Kaneps, E. Brauna-Morževska, G. Bimšteine, Ingrīda Neusa-Luca, A. Roga, D. Fridmanis
Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is gaining importance as a crop in northern Europe. In this region, the most important disease of faba bean is chocolate spot disease, attributed to the pathogen Botrytis fabae. However, other Botrytis species have been found to contribute to the disease. Hence, it was decided to isolate fungi from faba bean plants showing symptoms of chocolate spot disease in Latvia, identify the Botrytis species using the DNA sequences of three definitive genes, evaluate the morphological diversity of the isolates in vitro and, finally, to determine the pathogenicity of the isolates in a detached-leaf test. In addition to B. fabae, B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea and B. fabiopsis were all identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences put all the obtained 44 isolates unequivocally into clusters with known examples of each species. Every species showed wide diversity in its in vitro colour, texture and growing pattern of mycelium, production of sclerotia and pigmentation of the growing medium with much overlap between species showing that this method is not adequate for species discrimination. B. fabae produced the largest lesions on infected leaves, followed closely by B. pseudocinerea and B. cinerea, while B. fabiopsis produced much smaller lesions. The results show that chocolate spot disease of faba bean is attributable to Botrytis four species in northern Europe. This knowledge needs to be considered when controlling the disease by genetic or agronomic means.
{"title":"Botrytis four species are associated with chocolate spot disease of faba bean in Latvia","authors":"B. Bankina, F. Stoddard, J. Kaneps, E. Brauna-Morževska, G. Bimšteine, Ingrīda Neusa-Luca, A. Roga, D. Fridmanis","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.038","url":null,"abstract":"Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is gaining importance as a crop in northern Europe. In this region, the most important disease of faba bean is chocolate spot disease, attributed to the pathogen Botrytis fabae. However, other Botrytis species have been found to contribute to the disease. Hence, it was decided to isolate fungi from faba bean plants showing symptoms of chocolate spot disease in Latvia, identify the Botrytis species using the DNA sequences of three definitive genes, evaluate the morphological diversity of the isolates in vitro and, finally, to determine the pathogenicity of the isolates in a detached-leaf test. In addition to B. fabae, B. cinerea, B. pseudocinerea and B. fabiopsis were all identified. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequences put all the obtained 44 isolates unequivocally into clusters with known examples of each species. Every species showed wide diversity in its in vitro colour, texture and growing pattern of mycelium, production of sclerotia and pigmentation of the growing medium with much overlap between species showing that this method is not adequate for species discrimination. B. fabae produced the largest lesions on infected leaves, followed closely by B. pseudocinerea and B. cinerea, while B. fabiopsis produced much smaller lesions. The results show that chocolate spot disease of faba bean is attributable to Botrytis four species in northern Europe. This knowledge needs to be considered when controlling the disease by genetic or agronomic means.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75203446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.040
I. Vepštaitė-Monstavičė, Juliana Lukša, E. Servienė
Killer toxin-producing yeasts are important in agriculture, as they may be used for the biological control of field and post-harvest bacterial and fungal diseases of plants. The foundation for the development and application of killer yeast as plant protection agents is understanding the mechanisms underlying killer toxin-conditioned biocontrol activity and the tolerance to toxin-driven stress. This study aimed to determine the interactions between genetic effectors of cell wall integrity (CWI) and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways under the stress conditions caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae dsRNA-originated K2 toxin. Genetic interaction studies have used different measures of fitness including the relative growth rate and toxin susceptibility. During the research, 12 double deletion mutants were created by applying homologous recombination approach, and their growth parameters and response to toxin action were analysed. Most double gene deletion strains demonstrated insignificant (less than 30%) changes in growth rate compared to single gene mutants. Only elimination of HOG1 gene in strains Δspt3 and Δspt8 resulted in significant increase of the growth rate reaching about 0.6 h-1. K2 toxin sensitivity increased in most of the double mutants, independent of the involvement of gene products into the same or different signalling pathways thus pointing to weak interactions of gene products. HOG1 mutation alters the phenotype (from resistant to sensitive) of mutants Δrlm1, Δlrg1 and Δslm4 only and are epistatic to these CWI pathway effectors. In addition to the functional analysis, network of proteins involved in K2 toxin response was generated uncovering HOG and CWI players interconnected or acting through mediators. This study deepens insight into the K2 toxin response-modulated genetic interactions and provides data important for practical application of killer yeasts.
{"title":"Interaction of host factors in response to yeast K2 toxin stress – attractiveness for plant protection","authors":"I. Vepštaitė-Monstavičė, Juliana Lukša, E. Servienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.040","url":null,"abstract":"Killer toxin-producing yeasts are important in agriculture, as they may be used for the biological control of field and post-harvest bacterial and fungal diseases of plants. The foundation for the development and application of killer yeast as plant protection agents is understanding the mechanisms underlying killer toxin-conditioned biocontrol activity and the tolerance to toxin-driven stress. This study aimed to determine the interactions between genetic effectors of cell wall integrity (CWI) and high osmolarity glycerol (HOG) pathways under the stress conditions caused by Saccharomyces cerevisiae dsRNA-originated K2 toxin. Genetic interaction studies have used different measures of fitness including the relative growth rate and toxin susceptibility. During the research, 12 double deletion mutants were created by applying homologous recombination approach, and their growth parameters and response to toxin action were analysed. Most double gene deletion strains demonstrated insignificant (less than 30%) changes in growth rate compared to single gene mutants. Only elimination of HOG1 gene in strains Δspt3 and Δspt8 resulted in significant increase of the growth rate reaching about 0.6 h-1. K2 toxin sensitivity increased in most of the double mutants, independent of the involvement of gene products into the same or different signalling pathways thus pointing to weak interactions of gene products. HOG1 mutation alters the phenotype (from resistant to sensitive) of mutants Δrlm1, Δlrg1 and Δslm4 only and are epistatic to these CWI pathway effectors. In addition to the functional analysis, network of proteins involved in K2 toxin response was generated uncovering HOG and CWI players interconnected or acting through mediators. This study deepens insight into the K2 toxin response-modulated genetic interactions and provides data important for practical application of killer yeasts.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81791912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.047
S. Eom, H. Lee, S. Wi, Sung Kyeom Kim, T. Hyun
Global warming is a devastating force that considerably hinders the growth, quality and yield of heading type Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Recent research suggests that long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) play a role in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a total of 278 lncRNAs belonging to intergenic, intronic, sense and natural antisense lncRNAs in the heading type Chinese cabbage using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data were identified. Based on the analysis of the differentially expressed lncRNAs, 93 out of 278 lncRNAs were identified as heat-responsive lncRNAs. In total, 65 heat-responsive lncRNAs were predicted as putative targets and target mimics of B. rapa microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition, it was found that some identified lncRNAs play important role in response to heat stress via lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) (lncRNA.Brassica_094-DnaJ protein and lncRNA.Brassica_181-REF4-related 1) co-expression, whereas some lncRNA-miRNA (lncRNA-Brassica_116-bra-miR164a and lncRNA-Brassica_205-bra-miR159) interactions are required for modulation of miRNA action. Taken together, these results provide the starting point for a detailed investigation of the physiological function of the lncRNA-dependent network in heading type Chinese cabbage.
{"title":"Identification and functional prediction of long non-coding RNAs responsive to heat stress in heading type Chinese cabbage","authors":"S. Eom, H. Lee, S. Wi, Sung Kyeom Kim, T. Hyun","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.047","url":null,"abstract":"Global warming is a devastating force that considerably hinders the growth, quality and yield of heading type Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). Recent research suggests that long non-coding ribonucleic acids (lncRNAs) play a role in response to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, a total of 278 lncRNAs belonging to intergenic, intronic, sense and natural antisense lncRNAs in the heading type Chinese cabbage using RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data were identified. Based on the analysis of the differentially expressed lncRNAs, 93 out of 278 lncRNAs were identified as heat-responsive lncRNAs. In total, 65 heat-responsive lncRNAs were predicted as putative targets and target mimics of B. rapa microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition, it was found that some identified lncRNAs play important role in response to heat stress via lncRNA-messenger RNA (mRNA) (lncRNA.Brassica_094-DnaJ protein and lncRNA.Brassica_181-REF4-related 1) co-expression, whereas some lncRNA-miRNA (lncRNA-Brassica_116-bra-miR164a and lncRNA-Brassica_205-bra-miR159) interactions are required for modulation of miRNA action. Taken together, these results provide the starting point for a detailed investigation of the physiological function of the lncRNA-dependent network in heading type Chinese cabbage.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73506373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.041
I. Hussain, Ahmad Masood Khan, H. Akbar, Z. Hussain
To avoid environmental pollution, the useful and safe disposal of farmyard manure (FYM) was assessed during a two-year (2017 and 2018) field experiment using beneficial microbes (BM): 25 and 50 L ha-1, humic acid (HA): 3, 6 and 9 kg ha-1, and FYM: 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1 compared with a control (without BM, HA or FYM). Doubling the amount of BM from 25 to 50 L ha-1 delayed phenological events of maize (Zea mays L.) by one day, decreased soil total nitrogen (Ntot) content (12.6%) but improved soil bulk density (BD) (1.25 Mg m -3), electrical conductivity (EC) (1.90 dS m-1) and mineral N (Nmin) content (33.89 mg kg -1 soil). Increasing HA application from 3 to 9 kg ha-1, physiological maturity of maize delayed by 2 days but increased soil EC (0.11 dS m-1), BD (1.63%), Nmin (12.94%) and decreased soil Ntot (34.42%) content. With the FYM level increasing from 10 to 20 Mg ha -1, the phenological events were delayed, but soil properties, i.e., pH (−0.3 unit), EC (6.66%), BD (−5.83%), Nmin (28.14%) and Ntot (30.16%) content, were improved. Soil properties like EC and Ntot and Nmin contents showed significant positive correlation with maize leaf area, grain N content and grain yield. It was concluded that with addition of either 50 L ha-1 BM or 6–9 kg ha-1 HA, FYM mineralization increased, growth periods prolonged and soil fertility indices improved. Thus, for improving the Nmin availability and prolonged maize phenological duration for maximizing productivity, 20 Mg ha-1 FYM should be applied in combination with 50 L ha-1 BM and/or 6 kg ha-1 HA.
为了避免环境污染，在为期两年(2017年和2018年)的田间试验中，与对照组(不含BM、HA和FYM)相比，采用有益微生物(BM): 25和50 L HA -1，腐植酸(HA): 3、6和9 kg HA -1, FYM: 10、15和20 Mg HA -1，对农家肥(FYM)的有用和安全处理进行了评估。BM用量从25 ~ 50 L hm -1增加一倍，使玉米物候事件延迟1天，土壤全氮(Ntot)含量降低12.6%，土壤容重(BD)提高1.25 Mg m -3，电导率(EC)提高1.90 dS m-1，矿质氮(Nmin)含量提高33.89 Mg kg -1。HA用量从3 kg hm -1增加到9 kg hm -1，玉米生理成熟延迟2 d，但土壤EC (0.11 dS m-1)、BD(1.63%)、Nmin(12.94%)含量增加，Ntot含量降低(34.42%)。随着FYM水平从10 Mg ha -1增加到20 Mg ha -1，物候事件被推迟，但土壤的pH(- 0.3单位)、EC(6.66%)、BD(- 5.83%)、Nmin(28.14%)和not(30.16%)含量得到改善。土壤性状如EC、Ntot和Nmin含量与玉米叶面积、籽粒氮含量和产量呈极显著正相关。综上所述，添加50 L HA -1 HA -1或6-9 kg HA -1 HA -1 HA -1均可增加土壤肥力，延长生育期，改善土壤肥力指标。因此，为了提高Nmin利用率和延长玉米物候期以实现产量最大化，应在施用20 Mg HA -1 FYM的同时施用50 L HA -1 BM和/或6 kg HA -1 HA。
{"title":"Maize response to soil properties improved with beneficial microbes, humic acid and farmyard manure application","authors":"I. Hussain, Ahmad Masood Khan, H. Akbar, Z. Hussain","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.041","url":null,"abstract":"To avoid environmental pollution, the useful and safe disposal of farmyard manure (FYM) was assessed during a two-year (2017 and 2018) field experiment using beneficial microbes (BM): 25 and 50 L ha-1, humic acid (HA): 3, 6 and 9 kg ha-1, and FYM: 10, 15 and 20 Mg ha-1 compared with a control (without BM, HA or FYM). Doubling the amount of BM from 25 to 50 L ha-1 delayed phenological events of maize (Zea mays L.) by one day, decreased soil total nitrogen (Ntot) content (12.6%) but improved soil bulk density (BD) (1.25 Mg m -3), electrical conductivity (EC) (1.90 dS m-1) and mineral N (Nmin) content (33.89 mg kg -1 soil). Increasing HA application from 3 to 9 kg ha-1, physiological maturity of maize delayed by 2 days but increased soil EC (0.11 dS m-1), BD (1.63%), Nmin (12.94%) and decreased soil Ntot (34.42%) content. With the FYM level increasing from 10 to 20 Mg ha -1, the phenological events were delayed, but soil properties, i.e., pH (−0.3 unit), EC (6.66%), BD (−5.83%), Nmin (28.14%) and Ntot (30.16%) content, were improved. Soil properties like EC and Ntot and Nmin contents showed significant positive correlation with maize leaf area, grain N content and grain yield. It was concluded that with addition of either 50 L ha-1 BM or 6–9 kg ha-1 HA, FYM mineralization increased, growth periods prolonged and soil fertility indices improved. Thus, for improving the Nmin availability and prolonged maize phenological duration for maximizing productivity, 20 Mg ha-1 FYM should be applied in combination with 50 L ha-1 BM and/or 6 kg ha-1 HA.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79582182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.043
A. Buntić, O. Stajković-Srbinović, M. Knežević, N. Rasulić, V. Ugrenović, D. Kuzmanović, D. Delic
In the last few decades, peat-based bioinoculants have been proven as successful in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds inoculation. However, the use of liquid inoculants or pre-inoculated seeds will greatly facilitate the sowing of alfalfa as a small seed legume. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of four liquid formulations on the survival of Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti strain 218 during long-term storage. Sodium-alginate (SA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) did not affect the growth of S. meliloti strain 218 and showed a significant positive effect on its survival in liquid bioinoculants up to 240 days of storage. The effect of seeds pre-inoculation on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) fixation in alfalfa plants in test tube and a two-year field experiment was measured. The field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in an Eutric Cambisol. The dry weight of alfalfa shoots and total N content significantly increased in pre-inoculated seeds with all media, compared to the control treatments without pre-inoculation and adding mineral N. In both years of cultivation, the highest total shoot dry weight was achieved by seeds pre-inoculation with SA and PVP 3 months before sowing. Furthermore, in these treatments, shoot dry weight significantly increased compared to the treatment with mineral N in the 2nd (2019) year. The results of the research showed that rhizobial bioinoculants with SA and PVP could be used as liquid bioinoculants as well as for successful pre-inoculation of alfalfa seeds.
{"title":"Efficiency of alfalfa seed priming and rhizobial-based liquid inoculants in an Eutric Cambisol","authors":"A. Buntić, O. Stajković-Srbinović, M. Knežević, N. Rasulić, V. Ugrenović, D. Kuzmanović, D. Delic","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.043","url":null,"abstract":"In the last few decades, peat-based bioinoculants have been proven as successful in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds inoculation. However, the use of liquid inoculants or pre-inoculated seeds will greatly facilitate the sowing of alfalfa as a small seed legume. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of four liquid formulations on the survival of Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) meliloti strain 218 during long-term storage. Sodium-alginate (SA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) did not affect the growth of S. meliloti strain 218 and showed a significant positive effect on its survival in liquid bioinoculants up to 240 days of storage. The effect of seeds pre-inoculation on the efficiency of nitrogen (N) fixation in alfalfa plants in test tube and a two-year field experiment was measured. The field experiment was conducted in 2018 and 2019 in an Eutric Cambisol. The dry weight of alfalfa shoots and total N content significantly increased in pre-inoculated seeds with all media, compared to the control treatments without pre-inoculation and adding mineral N. In both years of cultivation, the highest total shoot dry weight was achieved by seeds pre-inoculation with SA and PVP 3 months before sowing. Furthermore, in these treatments, shoot dry weight significantly increased compared to the treatment with mineral N in the 2nd (2019) year. The results of the research showed that rhizobial bioinoculants with SA and PVP could be used as liquid bioinoculants as well as for successful pre-inoculation of alfalfa seeds.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75565286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.037
J. Kelpšienė, D. Šneideris, D. Burokienė, S. Supronienė
Pseudomonas syringae pathovars cause bacterial diseases of cereals in nearly all temperate and subtropical cerealgrowing regions. As being of low importance compared to fungal diseases, P. syringae has not been studied in cereal crops in Lithuania. However, leaf blights and glume discolorations, uncharacteristic of fungal diseases, were found relatively frequently in the fields. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the occurrence of P. syringae in cereals grown in Lithuania. In this study, cereal crops were tested for the presence of plant pathogen P. syringae. In total, 452 symptomatic plant samples of winter wheat, winter triticale, spring wheat and spring barley were collected in 2013–2015. Symptoms of leaf blight and basal glume blotch on grain were more frequently detected in spring and winter wheat crops than in winter triticale and spring barley. Symptomatic leaves and grain yielded 113 P. syringae strains (51 from leaves and 62 from grain), but only 13 strains (10 from wheat, 2 from triticale and 1 from barley) were pathogenic to host plants when tested by spray method (SM). These strains were isolated from grain (10 strains) and leaves (3 strains) of all sampled plant species originating from different districts of the country. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, leaf injection method (LIM) and origin of pathogenic strain, it can be assumed that P. syringae pv. atrofaciens is the dominat causal agent of bacterial diseases of cereals, particularly basal glume
{"title":"The presence of pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae in cereals in Lithuania","authors":"J. Kelpšienė, D. Šneideris, D. Burokienė, S. Supronienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.037","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas syringae pathovars cause bacterial diseases of cereals in nearly all temperate and subtropical cerealgrowing regions. As being of low importance compared to fungal diseases, P. syringae has not been studied in cereal crops in Lithuania. However, leaf blights and glume discolorations, uncharacteristic of fungal diseases, were found relatively frequently in the fields. Therefore, the study aimed to identify the occurrence of P. syringae in cereals grown in Lithuania. In this study, cereal crops were tested for the presence of plant pathogen P. syringae. In total, 452 symptomatic plant samples of winter wheat, winter triticale, spring wheat and spring barley were collected in 2013–2015. Symptoms of leaf blight and basal glume blotch on grain were more frequently detected in spring and winter wheat crops than in winter triticale and spring barley. Symptomatic leaves and grain yielded 113 P. syringae strains (51 from leaves and 62 from grain), but only 13 strains (10 from wheat, 2 from triticale and 1 from barley) were pathogenic to host plants when tested by spray method (SM). These strains were isolated from grain (10 strains) and leaves (3 strains) of all sampled plant species originating from different districts of the country. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, leaf injection method (LIM) and origin of pathogenic strain, it can be assumed that P. syringae pv. atrofaciens is the dominat causal agent of bacterial diseases of cereals, particularly basal glume","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84010546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.045
V. Ivanina, R. Shapovalenko, O. Strilets, S. Senchuk
The aim of this study was to determine how different fertiliser systems affect sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity, water-use efficiency (WUE) index, nutrient uptake and balance and establish the efficient fertilisation of the plant. A randomized experimental design with four replications as factorial arrangement with four treatments: (1) without fertilisers (control), (2) mineral fertilisation (MF), (3) alternative organic-mineral fertilisation (OMF) and (4) organic-mineral fertilisation supplemented with boron (B) (OMF+B), was used. The results showed that sugar beet root yield, gross and white sugar yield were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by all fertilisation treatments. The highest average of the aforementioned parameters was obtained in OMF+B treatment: 63.5, 10.73 and 8.86 t ha-1, respectively, that included combined application of the mineral fertilisers and winter wheat straw plus B twice foliar applied. OMF+B had a more pronounced effect on sugar beet productivity in the year of hot and moderately humid growing season (2018) than in dry (2017) and moderate (2019) years. OMF+B resulted in a positive nutrient balance in the soil and the highest WUE index (44.7 kg ha-1 mm-1), provided efficient use of water and the sustainability of sugar beet cultivation under climate change conditions, while mineral fertilisation led to nutrient imbalance and low stability. The accumulation of sugar in the roots mainly depended on the dry weather in September. The driest September of 2019 contributed to the highest sugar content in the roots – 18.2–18.5%, while moderately and too humid weather in September 2017 and 2018 caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in sugar content to 17.0–17.5% and 14.9–15.2%, respectively.
本研究的目的是确定不同施肥制度对甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)生产力、水分利用效率(WUE)指数、养分吸收和平衡的影响，并建立植物的有效施肥。采用随机试验设计，4个重复为因子排列，采用4种处理:(1)不施肥(对照)，(2)矿质肥(MF)，(3)替代有机矿质肥(OMF)和(4)有机矿质肥补硼(OMF+B)。结果表明:各施肥处理对甜菜根产量、毛糖产量和白糖产量均有显著影响(P < 0.05)。矿物肥和冬小麦秸秆+B配施两次叶面施用的OMF+B处理上述参数的平均值最高，分别为63.5、10.73和8.86 t hm -1。在炎热和中度湿润生长季节(2018年)，OMF+B对甜菜产量的影响比对干旱(2017年)和中度湿润生长季节(2019年)的影响更为显著。OMF+B使土壤养分处于正平衡状态，WUE指数最高(44.7 kg ha-1 mm-1)，提供了气候变化条件下水分的有效利用和甜菜种植的可持续性，而矿质肥则导致养分失衡和稳定性低。根系中糖分的积累主要取决于9月份的干燥天气。2019年9月最干燥，根系含糖量最高，为18.2 ~ 18.5%，而2017年9月和2018年9月中度和过湿润天气导致根系含糖量显著降低(P < 0.05)，分别为17.0 ~ 17.5%和14.9 ~ 15.2%。
{"title":"Sugar beet fertilisation for sustainable yield under climate change conditions","authors":"V. Ivanina, R. Shapovalenko, O. Strilets, S. Senchuk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.045","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine how different fertiliser systems affect sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) productivity, water-use efficiency (WUE) index, nutrient uptake and balance and establish the efficient fertilisation of the plant. A randomized experimental design with four replications as factorial arrangement with four treatments: (1) without fertilisers (control), (2) mineral fertilisation (MF), (3) alternative organic-mineral fertilisation (OMF) and (4) organic-mineral fertilisation supplemented with boron (B) (OMF+B), was used. The results showed that sugar beet root yield, gross and white sugar yield were significantly affected (P < 0.05) by all fertilisation treatments. The highest average of the aforementioned parameters was obtained in OMF+B treatment: 63.5, 10.73 and 8.86 t ha-1, respectively, that included combined application of the mineral fertilisers and winter wheat straw plus B twice foliar applied. OMF+B had a more pronounced effect on sugar beet productivity in the year of hot and moderately humid growing season (2018) than in dry (2017) and moderate (2019) years. OMF+B resulted in a positive nutrient balance in the soil and the highest WUE index (44.7 kg ha-1 mm-1), provided efficient use of water and the sustainability of sugar beet cultivation under climate change conditions, while mineral fertilisation led to nutrient imbalance and low stability. The accumulation of sugar in the roots mainly depended on the dry weather in September. The driest September of 2019 contributed to the highest sugar content in the roots – 18.2–18.5%, while moderately and too humid weather in September 2017 and 2018 caused a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in sugar content to 17.0–17.5% and 14.9–15.2%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75708861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.048
N. Burbulis, A. Blinstrubienė, Aistis Petruskevicius
The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of the basal medium and the type and concentration of cytokinin on direct regeneration from internodal segments of passion flower (Passiflora edulis Sims). Internodal segment explants were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) without growth regulators or supplemented with 0.5–3.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) or zeatin (ZEA). The cultivation of the internodal segment explants on media supplemented with cytokinins resulted in direct organogenesis without a callus phase. The shoot formation frequency and shoot number per explant were strongly influenced by the type and concentration of cytokinin. MS medium supplemented with BAP resulted in a shoot formation frequency that was higher in comparison with TDZ but significantly lower as compared to 0.5–2.5 mg L-1 ZEA. On the other hand, on WPM supplemented with BAP the shoot formation frequency was significantly lower in comparison with that for analogous ZEA and TDZ concentrations. The shoot formation frequency and shoot number per explant were strongly influenced by interactions of the basal medium and type and concentration of cytokinin. The MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 ZEA resulted in the highest shoot formation frequency, while the highest shoot number per explant was obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The highest shoot formation frequency (98.1%) with the highest number of shoots per explant (9.53) was observed on the WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The formed shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 1⁄2 macro and micro salts supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid); about 92% of them survived and grew normally with true-to-type morphology.
{"title":"In vitro propagation of Passiflora edulis through internodal segments as affected by medium composition","authors":"N. Burbulis, A. Blinstrubienė, Aistis Petruskevicius","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.048","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of the basal medium and the type and concentration of cytokinin on direct regeneration from internodal segments of passion flower (Passiflora edulis Sims). Internodal segment explants were cultured on the Murashige and Skoog (MS) and woody plant medium (WPM) without growth regulators or supplemented with 0.5–3.0 mg L-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), thidiazuron (TDZ) or zeatin (ZEA). The cultivation of the internodal segment explants on media supplemented with cytokinins resulted in direct organogenesis without a callus phase. The shoot formation frequency and shoot number per explant were strongly influenced by the type and concentration of cytokinin. MS medium supplemented with BAP resulted in a shoot formation frequency that was higher in comparison with TDZ but significantly lower as compared to 0.5–2.5 mg L-1 ZEA. On the other hand, on WPM supplemented with BAP the shoot formation frequency was significantly lower in comparison with that for analogous ZEA and TDZ concentrations. The shoot formation frequency and shoot number per explant were strongly influenced by interactions of the basal medium and type and concentration of cytokinin. The MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 ZEA resulted in the highest shoot formation frequency, while the highest shoot number per explant was obtained on WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The highest shoot formation frequency (98.1%) with the highest number of shoots per explant (9.53) was observed on the WPM supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The formed shoots were rooted on MS medium containing 1⁄2 macro and micro salts supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid); about 92% of them survived and grew normally with true-to-type morphology.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80786687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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