Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.034
O. Ivashchenko, Ya. P. Makukh, S. Remeniuk, S. Moshkivska, Vladyslav Riznyk, O. Auškalnienė, G. Kadžienė
Sosnowsky’s hogweed ( Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is an invasive species becoming an increased problem in the Europe including the Baltic region. It is an aggressive weed that poses a threat to human health. It is extremely difficult to control this plant, especially in the locations where chemical control is impossible. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of non-chemical control methods of cutting and shading for 1st- and 2nd-year H. sosnowskyi plants as well as thermal control by heating with water steam at different growth stages. The study was carried out in Ukraine over the period of 2013–2020. To test the efficacy of cutting and shading aboveground parts of H. sosnowskyi , two field trials were conducted. Second-year plants were able to regenerate their aboveground part. Cutting of the 2nd-year shoots of H. sosnowskyi reduced the aboveground mass by 89.8–90.3%. An effective control of H. sosnowskyi was root removal in the 10 cm soil layer. Removal of the aboveground part of plant was less effective because of a high H. sosnowskyi regeneration, and the efficacy of control significantly decreased. The 1st-year plants of H. sosnowskyi at the 4-leaf stage were sensitive to covering by a plastic film. Shading for 30 days on juvenile plants ensured the sufficient efficacy of control. Thermal control (at a steam temperature of ≥95°C) was most efficient when H. sosnowskyi plants were at the cotyledon up to 4-leaf stage. Using of two non-chemical methods could have an effective control of 1st- and 2nd-year plants of H. sosnowskyi .
{"title":"Non-chemical control methods of Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnovskyi Manden.)","authors":"O. Ivashchenko, Ya. P. Makukh, S. Remeniuk, S. Moshkivska, Vladyslav Riznyk, O. Auškalnienė, G. Kadžienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.034","url":null,"abstract":"Sosnowsky’s hogweed ( Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is an invasive species becoming an increased problem in the Europe including the Baltic region. It is an aggressive weed that poses a threat to human health. It is extremely difficult to control this plant, especially in the locations where chemical control is impossible. The purpose of the research was to evaluate the efficiency of non-chemical control methods of cutting and shading for 1st- and 2nd-year H. sosnowskyi plants as well as thermal control by heating with water steam at different growth stages. The study was carried out in Ukraine over the period of 2013–2020. To test the efficacy of cutting and shading aboveground parts of H. sosnowskyi , two field trials were conducted. Second-year plants were able to regenerate their aboveground part. Cutting of the 2nd-year shoots of H. sosnowskyi reduced the aboveground mass by 89.8–90.3%. An effective control of H. sosnowskyi was root removal in the 10 cm soil layer. Removal of the aboveground part of plant was less effective because of a high H. sosnowskyi regeneration, and the efficacy of control significantly decreased. The 1st-year plants of H. sosnowskyi at the 4-leaf stage were sensitive to covering by a plastic film. Shading for 30 days on juvenile plants ensured the sufficient efficacy of control. Thermal control (at a steam temperature of ≥95°C) was most efficient when H. sosnowskyi plants were at the cotyledon up to 4-leaf stage. Using of two non-chemical methods could have an effective control of 1st- and 2nd-year plants of H. sosnowskyi .","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"396 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81739601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.033
L. Jocienė, E. Krokaitė, T. Rekašius, A. Paulauskas, E. Kupčinskienė
Himalayan balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera Royle) belongs to invasive alien species of European Union concern. Acquisition of the new molecular data from a geographical point of view might be valuable getting ideas about the nowadays invasion steps of I. glandulifera to more northern and eastern parts of the Europe, the source population(s) in the local scale as well as for elucidation of the patterns of the spread of alien species in Lithuania. In the period of 2010–2019, 95 sites of I. glandulifera were recorded in Lithuania. The present study was aimed at evaluation of genetic diversity at microsatellite loci of Lithuanian populations of I. glandulifera . For molecular analysis employing 9 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) markers, a total of 20 Lithuanian populations of I. glandulifera (15 individuals in each) were used. Allelic richness ( A R ) ranged from 1.1 to 1.39 per population, and the expected heterozygosity ( H E ) ranged from 0.10 to 0.39 per one. No significant correlation (according to Mantel test) between the geographic distances and genetic differentiation was determined between the Lithuanian populations of I. glandulifera . AMOVA showed that variability within the populations (56.2%) was higher than that among the populations (43.7%). According to the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), three principal axes explained 60% of the total genetic variation of populations. Significant results were obtained when the populations were grouped according to the five geographical areas of Lithuania: variation among the groups comprised 5.73% of the total variation. Bayesian clustering analysis indicated the highest ΔK values at K = 12, and the next highest value was K = 3. It may indicate the multiple introductions of I. glandulifera to Lithuania.
{"title":"Evaluation of genetic diversity of Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera Royle) populations using microsatellites","authors":"L. Jocienė, E. Krokaitė, T. Rekašius, A. Paulauskas, E. Kupčinskienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.033","url":null,"abstract":"Himalayan balsam ( Impatiens glandulifera Royle) belongs to invasive alien species of European Union concern. Acquisition of the new molecular data from a geographical point of view might be valuable getting ideas about the nowadays invasion steps of I. glandulifera to more northern and eastern parts of the Europe, the source population(s) in the local scale as well as for elucidation of the patterns of the spread of alien species in Lithuania. In the period of 2010–2019, 95 sites of I. glandulifera were recorded in Lithuania. The present study was aimed at evaluation of genetic diversity at microsatellite loci of Lithuanian populations of I. glandulifera . For molecular analysis employing 9 microsatellite (simple sequence repeats, SSR) markers, a total of 20 Lithuanian populations of I. glandulifera (15 individuals in each) were used. Allelic richness ( A R ) ranged from 1.1 to 1.39 per population, and the expected heterozygosity ( H E ) ranged from 0.10 to 0.39 per one. No significant correlation (according to Mantel test) between the geographic distances and genetic differentiation was determined between the Lithuanian populations of I. glandulifera . AMOVA showed that variability within the populations (56.2%) was higher than that among the populations (43.7%). According to the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), three principal axes explained 60% of the total genetic variation of populations. Significant results were obtained when the populations were grouped according to the five geographical areas of Lithuania: variation among the groups comprised 5.73% of the total variation. Bayesian clustering analysis indicated the highest ΔK values at K = 12, and the next highest value was K = 3. It may indicate the multiple introductions of I. glandulifera to Lithuania.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89298325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.036
Y. Khoo, Shifang Li, K. Chong
The main culprits of catastrophic agricultural losses or crop mortality are phytopathogenic fungi and parasitic plants. To manage the plant pathogens, a simple and rapid disease diagnosis is needed. The aim of the experiment was to develop simple and rapid genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification methods for fungi and parasitic plants. For the DNA extraction, mycelia from 16 fungi species and stems from two parasitic plants species were incubated in a lysis buffer and were homogenised using a sterilised wooden stick. The homogenates were incubated at 95°C temperature for 10 min. Crude extracts served as a template for the PCR amplification containing UKOD polymerase. The application of lysis buffer, mechanical and heat disruption resulted in a fast DNA extraction from fungi and parasitic plants. DNA amplification time is reduced when using Master Mix containing UKOD polymerase. The presented results confirm that these simple and rapid DNA extraction and PCR amplification methods are applicable to diverse fungi species and parasitic plants.
{"title":"Development of rapid DNA extraction and PCR amplification methods for fungi and parasitic plants","authors":"Y. Khoo, Shifang Li, K. Chong","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.036","url":null,"abstract":"The main culprits of catastrophic agricultural losses or crop mortality are phytopathogenic fungi and parasitic plants. To manage the plant pathogens, a simple and rapid disease diagnosis is needed. The aim of the experiment was to develop simple and rapid genomic DNA extraction and PCR amplification methods for fungi and parasitic plants. For the DNA extraction, mycelia from 16 fungi species and stems from two parasitic plants species were incubated in a lysis buffer and were homogenised using a sterilised wooden stick. The homogenates were incubated at 95°C temperature for 10 min. Crude extracts served as a template for the PCR amplification containing UKOD polymerase. The application of lysis buffer, mechanical and heat disruption resulted in a fast DNA extraction from fungi and parasitic plants. DNA amplification time is reduced when using Master Mix containing UKOD polymerase. The presented results confirm that these simple and rapid DNA extraction and PCR amplification methods are applicable to diverse fungi species and parasitic plants.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83460535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.031
Mahdi Nemati, N. Zare, N. Hedayat-Evrigh, Rasool Asghari
Common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), like other plants, has evolved a variety of ways to resist pathogens. However, there are some studies that reported different results at the phenotypic and physiological levels. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to reveal common trends, address some controversy, and a source of heterogeneity in 19 wheat phenotypic indices. It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD). However, the model was not significant for TKW, H 2 O 2 , PUT, SA, and SPD ( p ≥ 0.05). The moderator analysis revealed that the effect of “cultivar” was significant on the kernel number ( p ≤ 0.035) and GST ( p ≤ 0.008), and the effect of “type of biotic stress” was significant on the grain yield ( p ≤ 0.001), APX ( p ≤ 0.0001), CAT ( p ≤ 0.0009), POX ( p ≤ 0.0344), flavonoids ( p ≤ 0.001), and SPAD ( p ≤ 0.0201). For plant biomass, the intercept effect of “cultivar” and “type of biotic stress” was significant ( p ≤ 0.0187). The mixed-effect analysis addressed a source of heterogeneity in studies used in our study. However, to address additional factors affecting these parameters, some consideration for future studies is needed. “wheat diseases”, “wheat pests”, “biotic stress”, “wheat response to biotic stress”, “fungal diseases”, understanding and address some controversies in reports, this used the on model. To investigate the indices of the response to biotic factors, of among studies, and gain new into and biotic stress interaction, we re-synthesized the of
{"title":"Meta-analysis of common wheat physiological response to biotic stresses","authors":"Mahdi Nemati, N. Zare, N. Hedayat-Evrigh, Rasool Asghari","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.031","url":null,"abstract":"Common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), like other plants, has evolved a variety of ways to resist pathogens. However, there are some studies that reported different results at the phenotypic and physiological levels. Therefore, this meta-analysis was conducted to reveal common trends, address some controversy, and a source of heterogeneity in 19 wheat phenotypic indices. It was found that the overall response is a reduction in thousand kernel weight (TKW), kernel number, plant biomass, grain yield, relative water content (RWC), soil and plant analysis development (SPAD), and proline, and an increase in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), malondialdehyde (MDA), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), flavonoids, putrescine (PUT), salicylic acid (SA), and spermidine (SPD). However, the model was not significant for TKW, H 2 O 2 , PUT, SA, and SPD ( p ≥ 0.05). The moderator analysis revealed that the effect of “cultivar” was significant on the kernel number ( p ≤ 0.035) and GST ( p ≤ 0.008), and the effect of “type of biotic stress” was significant on the grain yield ( p ≤ 0.001), APX ( p ≤ 0.0001), CAT ( p ≤ 0.0009), POX ( p ≤ 0.0344), flavonoids ( p ≤ 0.001), and SPAD ( p ≤ 0.0201). For plant biomass, the intercept effect of “cultivar” and “type of biotic stress” was significant ( p ≤ 0.0187). The mixed-effect analysis addressed a source of heterogeneity in studies used in our study. However, to address additional factors affecting these parameters, some consideration for future studies is needed. “wheat diseases”, “wheat pests”, “biotic stress”, “wheat response to biotic stress”, “fungal diseases”, understanding and address some controversies in reports, this used the on model. To investigate the indices of the response to biotic factors, of among studies, and gain new into and biotic stress interaction, we re-synthesized the of","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82832196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.029
I. Motsnyi, М. Lytvynenko, E. Gоlub, T. Nargan, Мykola Nakonechnyy, S. Lyfenko, Оlga Mоlоdchenkоvа, Yaroslav Fanin, Ivan Mіshchеnkо, Аndrii P. Smertenko, Lidiya Mіshchеnkо
A combination of fungal diseases and drought can cause significant yield losses of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). It is known that alien traits introduced through wide hybridisation contribute to breeding of cultivars with a higher yield potential in arid environments. In this study, the impact of alien genes on the main agronomic traits in the arid environments of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine was analysed. The lines were grown under the arid conditions in 5 and 10 m 2 plots in the 2019–2021 growing seasons. Eight agronomic and six plant pathological traits were assessed and subjected to statistical analysis to comprehend the diversity and connections between the features. Due to the successful introgression of alien genes from all sources involved in hybridisation, most of lines were resistant to one of the rust species. The lines derived from the genotype containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and Triticum timopheevii in the pedigree were resistant to all rust species. There was a negative correlation between the protein content and grain yield in 2020 ( r = −0.40***), and a weak positive correlation was found between the grain yield and resistance to yellow rust ( R sp = 0.19* in 2019 and R sp = 0.26*** in 2020) or tolerance to Septoria leaf blotch ( R sp = 0.27***). Under drought conditions, the grain yield reduced by 32.5% in 2020 and ca. 70% in 2021. The lines containing alien genes Lr42 and Hs showed a higher grain yield than the recurrent and standard ones. For further breeding, eighteen lines with a high TKW, protein content, and grain yield, and resistance to drought or disease were identified, and four promising drought-tolerant lines have been selected.
{"title":"Disease resistance and adaptation of winter wheat lines derived from wide hybridisation under arid environments","authors":"I. Motsnyi, М. Lytvynenko, E. Gоlub, T. Nargan, Мykola Nakonechnyy, S. Lyfenko, Оlga Mоlоdchenkоvа, Yaroslav Fanin, Ivan Mіshchеnkо, Аndrii P. Smertenko, Lidiya Mіshchеnkо","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.029","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of fungal diseases and drought can cause significant yield losses of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). It is known that alien traits introduced through wide hybridisation contribute to breeding of cultivars with a higher yield potential in arid environments. In this study, the impact of alien genes on the main agronomic traits in the arid environments of the Southern Steppe of Ukraine was analysed. The lines were grown under the arid conditions in 5 and 10 m 2 plots in the 2019–2021 growing seasons. Eight agronomic and six plant pathological traits were assessed and subjected to statistical analysis to comprehend the diversity and connections between the features. Due to the successful introgression of alien genes from all sources involved in hybridisation, most of lines were resistant to one of the rust species. The lines derived from the genotype containing the translocation 1BL.1RS in the karyotype and Triticum timopheevii in the pedigree were resistant to all rust species. There was a negative correlation between the protein content and grain yield in 2020 ( r = −0.40***), and a weak positive correlation was found between the grain yield and resistance to yellow rust ( R sp = 0.19* in 2019 and R sp = 0.26*** in 2020) or tolerance to Septoria leaf blotch ( R sp = 0.27***). Under drought conditions, the grain yield reduced by 32.5% in 2020 and ca. 70% in 2021. The lines containing alien genes Lr42 and Hs showed a higher grain yield than the recurrent and standard ones. For further breeding, eighteen lines with a high TKW, protein content, and grain yield, and resistance to drought or disease were identified, and four promising drought-tolerant lines have been selected.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88646149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.035
A. Shatkovskyi, V. Vasiuta, O. Zhuravlev, F. Melnychuk, Mykola Kochiieru, Y. Kochiieru, K. Shatkovska
Modern fruit growing involves the use of drip irrigation systems. The methodology for diagnosing of drip irrigation terms appointment and calculation of irrigation rates require continuous improvement on the basis of the introduction of measuring instruments. These issues are relevant for the commercial fruit growing of the world’s most common perennial crop – apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh). The purpose of the experiment was to optimise drip irrigation regimes and to analyse the evapotranspiration (ET) of an apple tree depending on the methods of drip irrigation terms appointment. For comparison, four methods were applied: 1) the digital iMetos ECO D2 soil moisture station, 2) the tensiometric method, 3) the Penman-Monteith calculation, and 4) the visual method. The control was irrigation-free treatment. The results of the experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the use of drip irrigation for the cultivation of an intensive apple orchard at the Steppe of Ukraine. According to the parameters of the drip irrigation regime and the yield of apple trees, the use of the iMetos ECO D2 soil moisture station was determined as the most effective method of drip irrigation terms appointment. In this treatment, the irrigation rate was 650 m 3 ha -1 , the crop evapotranspiration (ЕТс) value 3.25 thousand m 3 ha -1 , the water consumption coefficient 83.4 m 3 t -1 , the irrigation efficiency 20.7 m 3 t -1 , and the marketability of apples was 93%. It was found that the removable fruit ripeness parameters: tissue density, sugar content, and degree of starch degradation, were within the sanitary norms of apple quality. This method is defined as the most water-saving, based on the experimental data on irrigation rate and crop productivity. Thus, it is recommended for the use in apple production in the South of Ukraine.
现代水果种植涉及到滴灌系统的使用。滴灌条件的诊断和灌水量的计算方法需要在计量仪器引进的基础上不断改进。这些问题与世界上最常见的多年生作物——苹果树(Malus domestica Borkh)的商业水果种植有关。本试验的目的是优化滴灌制度，并分析滴灌条件下苹果树的蒸散量(ET)。为了进行比较，采用了4种方法:1)数字iMetos ECO D2土壤湿度站，2)张力法，3)Penman-Monteith计算法，4)目测法。对照组为免冲洗处理。试验结果证实了滴灌技术在乌克兰大草原上种植集约化苹果园的有效性。根据滴灌制度参数和苹果树产量，确定采用iMetos ECO D2土壤水分站是滴灌条件预约最有效的方法。该处理灌水量为650 m3 ha -1，作物蒸散量(ЕТс)为325万m3 ha -1，耗水系数83.4 m3 t -1，灌溉效率20.7 m3 t -1，苹果适销性为93%。结果表明，可摘果实的组织密度、含糖量和淀粉降解程度均在苹果质量卫生标准范围内。根据灌溉率和作物产量的试验数据，该方法被定义为最节水的方法。因此，它被推荐用于乌克兰南部的苹果生产。
{"title":"Dependence of apple productivity and fruit quality on the method of drip irrigation terms appointment","authors":"A. Shatkovskyi, V. Vasiuta, O. Zhuravlev, F. Melnychuk, Mykola Kochiieru, Y. Kochiieru, K. Shatkovska","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.035","url":null,"abstract":"Modern fruit growing involves the use of drip irrigation systems. The methodology for diagnosing of drip irrigation terms appointment and calculation of irrigation rates require continuous improvement on the basis of the introduction of measuring instruments. These issues are relevant for the commercial fruit growing of the world’s most common perennial crop – apple trees ( Malus domestica Borkh). The purpose of the experiment was to optimise drip irrigation regimes and to analyse the evapotranspiration (ET) of an apple tree depending on the methods of drip irrigation terms appointment. For comparison, four methods were applied: 1) the digital iMetos ECO D2 soil moisture station, 2) the tensiometric method, 3) the Penman-Monteith calculation, and 4) the visual method. The control was irrigation-free treatment. The results of the experiment confirmed the effectiveness of the use of drip irrigation for the cultivation of an intensive apple orchard at the Steppe of Ukraine. According to the parameters of the drip irrigation regime and the yield of apple trees, the use of the iMetos ECO D2 soil moisture station was determined as the most effective method of drip irrigation terms appointment. In this treatment, the irrigation rate was 650 m 3 ha -1 , the crop evapotranspiration (ЕТс) value 3.25 thousand m 3 ha -1 , the water consumption coefficient 83.4 m 3 t -1 , the irrigation efficiency 20.7 m 3 t -1 , and the marketability of apples was 93%. It was found that the removable fruit ripeness parameters: tissue density, sugar content, and degree of starch degradation, were within the sanitary norms of apple quality. This method is defined as the most water-saving, based on the experimental data on irrigation rate and crop productivity. Thus, it is recommended for the use in apple production in the South of Ukraine.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85798908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.018
Raksha A Kankariya, A. Chaudhari, N. Dandi
{"title":"Statistical production optimisation, Fusarium biocontrol and insecticidal activity of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol produced by a newly discovered moderately haloalkalitolerant Pseudomonas guariconensis VDA8","authors":"Raksha A Kankariya, A. Chaudhari, N. Dandi","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.018","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"2 9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88177466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.019
Karolina Verikaitė, J. Ramanauskienė, R. Armonienė, A. Ronis
{"title":"Evaluation of fungicide application programmes for Septoria tritici blotch control in winter wheat","authors":"Karolina Verikaitė, J. Ramanauskienė, R. Armonienė, A. Ronis","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.019","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78412983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.023
Lauksmė Merkevičiūte-Venslovė, A. Šlepetienė, J. Cesevičienė, A. Mankevičienė, Eimantas Venslovas
Forage crops serve as the main source of material for production of silage, which is the basis of most winter-feeding systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the variation of diverse perennial grasses and the quality of small grain crop silage and to compare the nutritive value of selected pure and mixed silage groups. Silage samples were collected from 433 farms. They included perennial grass mix, cereal, alfalfa-perennial grass mix, clover, perennial ryegrass, perennial grass-clover mix, oat-common vetch mix, clover-alfalfa mix, legume mix, perennial grass-rye mix, and perennial grass-oat-common vetch mix silage, 1,626 samples in total. Analyses were carried out to determine the data on the content of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), also crude fat (CF), crude ash (CA), and acidity (pH). According to the experimental results, perennial ryegrass silage had the highest CP (166 g kg -1 DM), NDF (550 g kg -1 DM) and CF (39.1 g kg -1 DM) contents and the lowest DM content (321 g kg -1 ) compared to pure and mixed silage compositions. Among the silage, perennial grass-rye mix silage was shown to have the lowest pH (4.2). Both silage mixtures with oats and common vetch were characterised with higher pH: the pH of the oat-common vetch mix was 5, and the pH of perennial grass-oat-common vetch mix was 4.9. The oat-common vetch mix was high in NDF with 543 g kg -1 DM. Mixtures with clover silage were high in CP and NDF content. Overall, among the samples tested, the best results in nutritive value showed perennial ryegrass silage.
饲料作物是生产青贮饲料的主要原料来源，青贮饲料是大多数冬季饲养系统的基础。本研究的目的是评价不同多年生牧草的变化和小粮食作物青贮品质的变化，并比较所选纯青贮组和混合青贮组的营养价值。从433个养殖场采集青贮饲料样本。包括多年生牧草混合、谷物、苜蓿-多年生牧草混合、三叶草、多年生黑麦草、多年生草-三叶草混合、燕麦-野豌豆混合、三叶草-苜蓿混合、豆类混合、多年生草-黑麦混合、多年生草-燕麦-野豌豆混合青贮，共1626个样品。测定了干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(CF)、粗灰分(CA)和酸度(pH)的含量。结果表明，多年生黑麦草青贮的CP (166 g kg -1 DM)、NDF (550 g kg -1 DM)和CF (39.1 g kg -1 DM)含量最高，DM含量最低(321 g kg -1 DM)。青贮中，多年生草-黑麦混合青贮pH值最低(4.2)。燕麦和野豌豆青贮混合料的pH值均较高，燕麦-野豌豆混合料的pH值为5，多年生草-燕麦-野豌豆混合料的pH值为4.9。燕麦-野豌豆青贮的NDF含量较高，为543 g kg -1 DM。苜蓿青贮的CP和NDF含量较高。综合来看，多年生黑麦草青贮的营养价值最好。
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Pub Date : 2022-06-20DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.013
T. Talve, L. Talgre, M. Toom, L. Edesi, E. Karron, B. Koll, V. Eremeev, A. Luik, E. Loit, G. Börjesson
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