Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.003
D. Janusauskaite
As climate changes, the development of new agroecological systems and the diversification of crop rotations open new opportunities for growing sunflowers in the northern regions of Europe. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of sunflower grown in the Boreal region on other plants in crop rotation. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of different parts of the common sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) grown in the Boreal environmental zone on seed germination and growth of the field pea ( Pisum sativum L.). The following three factors were studied: factor A – two fertilisation levels of sunflower: unfertilised (N 0 P 0 K 0 ) and fertilised by N 80 P 60 K 90 ; factor B – three sunflower plants parts: leaves and stems (L+S), heads (H), and roots (R) for extract preparation; factor C – four concentrations (25%, 50%, and 75%) of sunflower aqueous extracts and deionised water (0%) as a control. All concentrations of sunflower extracts stimulated seed germination by 1.7– 6.7% at 4 days after sowing (4 DAS), compared to the control treatment. Extracts of heads and roots of sunflower had a significant ( p ≤ 0.05) inhibitory effect on pea root length and shoot length (7 DAS and 18 DAS, respectively). The roots extract contained the highest total polyphenolic content and total flavonoid content and had the greatest inhibitory effect on the fresh mass of roots and shoots. The data averaged across fertilisation level showed that 25% concentration of all sunflower parts extracts had a stimulatory effect, and extracts of 75% concentration had the highest inhibitory effect on root morphological parameters of pea. The results revealed that sunflower can be an allelopathic species causing a risk in a crop rotation. The suppressive effect of sunflowers on other plants including weeds can be applied in sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the detailed studies are necessary for further reveal of the allelopathic effect of sunflower grown in the Boreal environmental zone not only on peas but also on other target crops.
随着气候变化，新的农业生态系统的发展和作物轮作的多样化为欧洲北部地区种植向日葵提供了新的机会。然而，对于北方地区种植的向日葵在轮作中对其他植物的影响还缺乏认识。本试验旨在评价生长在北方环境区的普通向日葵(Helianthus annuus L.)不同部位水提液对大田豌豆(Pisum sativum L.)种子萌发和生长的化感作用。研究了三个因素:因子A -向日葵的两个施肥水平:未施肥(N 0 P 0 K 0)和施肥(N 80 P 60 K 90);因子B -向日葵植物的三个部分:叶片和茎(L+S)，头部(H)和根(R)，用于提取制剂;因子C -四种浓度(25%，50%和75%)的向日葵水提取物和去离子水(0%)作为对照。与对照处理相比，所有浓度的向日葵提取物在播种后4天(4 DAS)刺激种子萌发1.7 - 6.7%。向日葵头和根提取物对豌豆根长和茎长有显著(p≤0.05)的抑制作用(分别为7 DAS和18 DAS)。根提取物的总多酚和总黄酮含量最高，对根和芽的鲜质量有最大的抑制作用。各施肥水平的平均数据表明，25%浓度的向日葵各部位提取物对豌豆根系形态参数有刺激作用，75%浓度的提取物对豌豆根系形态参数的抑制作用最大。结果表明，向日葵可能是一种化感植物，在作物轮作中造成风险。向日葵对杂草等其他植物的抑制作用可应用于可持续农业。因此，为了进一步揭示生长在北方环境区的向日葵不仅对豌豆，而且对其他目标作物的化感作用，有必要进行详细的研究。
{"title":"Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of common sunflower on seed germination and growth of field pea","authors":"D. Janusauskaite","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.003","url":null,"abstract":"As climate changes, the development of new agroecological systems and the diversification of crop rotations open new opportunities for growing sunflowers in the northern regions of Europe. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effect of sunflower grown in the Boreal region on other plants in crop rotation. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of different parts of the common sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) grown in the Boreal environmental zone on seed germination and growth of the field pea ( Pisum sativum L.). The following three factors were studied: factor A – two fertilisation levels of sunflower: unfertilised (N 0 P 0 K 0 ) and fertilised by N 80 P 60 K 90 ; factor B – three sunflower plants parts: leaves and stems (L+S), heads (H), and roots (R) for extract preparation; factor C – four concentrations (25%, 50%, and 75%) of sunflower aqueous extracts and deionised water (0%) as a control. All concentrations of sunflower extracts stimulated seed germination by 1.7– 6.7% at 4 days after sowing (4 DAS), compared to the control treatment. Extracts of heads and roots of sunflower had a significant ( p ≤ 0.05) inhibitory effect on pea root length and shoot length (7 DAS and 18 DAS, respectively). The roots extract contained the highest total polyphenolic content and total flavonoid content and had the greatest inhibitory effect on the fresh mass of roots and shoots. The data averaged across fertilisation level showed that 25% concentration of all sunflower parts extracts had a stimulatory effect, and extracts of 75% concentration had the highest inhibitory effect on root morphological parameters of pea. The results revealed that sunflower can be an allelopathic species causing a risk in a crop rotation. The suppressive effect of sunflowers on other plants including weeds can be applied in sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the detailed studies are necessary for further reveal of the allelopathic effect of sunflower grown in the Boreal environmental zone not only on peas but also on other target crops.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75952343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.009
Tetyana Gerasko, Maksym Kolesnikov, N. Nezhnova, Galina Ninova, Olga Alekseeva, Z. Kovtuniuk
Living mulch is the most natural soil cover in the orchard; however, competition with grasses creates stressful conditions for fruit crops. The reaction of plants to stress can be determined by the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxidation products in plant tissues. The reaction of trees to coexistence with living mulch (natural grasses that were mowed four times during the growing season) was studied in an organic sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) orchard with chestnut, sandy soil in the warm and arid conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to determine how the living mulch (compared to bare fallow) affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of fruit development. It was determined that living mulch significantly increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (by 21–52%), polyphenol oxidase (by 22–42%), and peroxidase (26–34%) in the tissues of sweet cherry fruits. The MDA content was significantly higher in sweet cherry fruits produced under living mulch (compared to the fruits of a bare fallow management system) only at the stage of partial reddening in 2018 (by 41%) and at the stage of stone hardening in 2019 (by 58%). At the picking maturity stage, no significant difference between the treatments of the experiment was found, which indicates the successful overcoming of oxidative stress caused by competition with natural grasses.
{"title":"Activity of antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde content in sweet cherry fruits under living mulch conditions","authors":"Tetyana Gerasko, Maksym Kolesnikov, N. Nezhnova, Galina Ninova, Olga Alekseeva, Z. Kovtuniuk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.009","url":null,"abstract":"Living mulch is the most natural soil cover in the orchard; however, competition with grasses creates stressful conditions for fruit crops. The reaction of plants to stress can be determined by the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxidation products in plant tissues. The reaction of trees to coexistence with living mulch (natural grasses that were mowed four times during the growing season) was studied in an organic sweet cherry ( Prunus avium L.) orchard with chestnut, sandy soil in the warm and arid conditions of Southern Steppe of Ukraine. The aim of the research was to determine how the living mulch (compared to bare fallow) affects the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in sweet cherry fruits at different stages of fruit development. It was determined that living mulch significantly increased the activity of ascorbate peroxidase (by 21–52%), polyphenol oxidase (by 22–42%), and peroxidase (26–34%) in the tissues of sweet cherry fruits. The MDA content was significantly higher in sweet cherry fruits produced under living mulch (compared to the fruits of a bare fallow management system) only at the stage of partial reddening in 2018 (by 41%) and at the stage of stone hardening in 2019 (by 58%). At the picking maturity stage, no significant difference between the treatments of the experiment was found, which indicates the successful overcoming of oxidative stress caused by competition with natural grasses.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87129097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.048
E. Misiukevičius, Viodmantas Stanys
Daylily ( Hemerocallis L.) is a popular herbaceous perennial ornamental plant. The American Hemerocallis Society (AHS) currently has over 96,000 cultivars registered. Of these, half are tetraploids (4x), and the other half are diploids (2x). To enrich the breeding lines of tetraploid daylilies, colchicine is the most widely used. During the experiment, oryzalin (ORZ) and colchicine (CLC) were used for the polyploidisation of daylilies. Germinating seeds derived from diploid and tetraploid daylily cultivars as maternal plants were exposed to solutions of ORZ and CLC at different concentrations. Ploidy of seedlings was determined after six months by flow cytometry, and the obtained results were related to the size of the stomata. Chimerism of the young side shoots developing on treated plants was assessed three years after polyploidisation by checking the ploidy using a flow cytometer. It has been found that whole-genome duplication is not common in daylilies during polyploidisation of germinating seeds – triploids (3x), pentaploids (5x), hexaploids (6x), and heptaploids (7x) were obtained. The optimal concentration of CLC for induction higher ploidy was 125–250 µmol when exposed to seeds of the diploid maternal plant (DMP) and 250–500 µmol when exposed to the tetraploid maternal plant (TMP) one. In the case of ORZ, optimal treatments were 10 µmol for germinating DMP seeds and 40 µmol for TMP seeds, respectively. Stomata size can preliminarily determine daylily ploidy. A flow cytometry should be used for a more accurate determination of ploidy. Individuals treated with antimitotic agents are prone to chimerism. The most extensive ploidy variation observed in individuals with uneven ploidy is usually in the direction of even ploidy. Therefore, the ploidy of clones used for breeding should be checked regularly.
{"title":"Induction and analysis of polyploids in daylily (Hemerocallis L.) plants","authors":"E. Misiukevičius, Viodmantas Stanys","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.048","url":null,"abstract":"Daylily ( Hemerocallis L.) is a popular herbaceous perennial ornamental plant. The American Hemerocallis Society (AHS) currently has over 96,000 cultivars registered. Of these, half are tetraploids (4x), and the other half are diploids (2x). To enrich the breeding lines of tetraploid daylilies, colchicine is the most widely used. During the experiment, oryzalin (ORZ) and colchicine (CLC) were used for the polyploidisation of daylilies. Germinating seeds derived from diploid and tetraploid daylily cultivars as maternal plants were exposed to solutions of ORZ and CLC at different concentrations. Ploidy of seedlings was determined after six months by flow cytometry, and the obtained results were related to the size of the stomata. Chimerism of the young side shoots developing on treated plants was assessed three years after polyploidisation by checking the ploidy using a flow cytometer. It has been found that whole-genome duplication is not common in daylilies during polyploidisation of germinating seeds – triploids (3x), pentaploids (5x), hexaploids (6x), and heptaploids (7x) were obtained. The optimal concentration of CLC for induction higher ploidy was 125–250 µmol when exposed to seeds of the diploid maternal plant (DMP) and 250–500 µmol when exposed to the tetraploid maternal plant (TMP) one. In the case of ORZ, optimal treatments were 10 µmol for germinating DMP seeds and 40 µmol for TMP seeds, respectively. Stomata size can preliminarily determine daylily ploidy. A flow cytometry should be used for a more accurate determination of ploidy. Individuals treated with antimitotic agents are prone to chimerism. The most extensive ploidy variation observed in individuals with uneven ploidy is usually in the direction of even ploidy. Therefore, the ploidy of clones used for breeding should be checked regularly.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"112 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79367058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.041
S. Okrushko
The resistance of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), a traditional Ukrainian crop, to allelopathic weeds in the early stages of cultivation has not been sufficiently analysed up to now. Contradictory information on the chemical interaction between wheat and couch grass ( Elymus repens L.) has led to a detailed investigation of the effect of couch grass. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the aqueous extracts of couch grass rhizomes collected in Vinnytsia region, western and south-western Ukraine on wheat seed germination and further seedling development. It was found that the presence of couch grass extracts inhibited the energy of seed germination in all experimental treatments. The couch grass extract with a concentration of 1:1000 had a stimulating effect on the germination and subsequent growth of wheat seedlings compared to the control treatment, in which the wheat seeds were germinated in the distilled water. On the 4th day of the experiment, the couch grass extracts at higher concentrations (1:100 and 1:10) significantly reduced the length of the germ root of wheat by 0.25 and 0.30 cm. On the 7th day of wheat seed germination, measurements of the stem length showed a decrease by 56.2% and 51.4% compared to the control treatment. Thus, the inhibitory effect was maybe decreasing within 5–11 days of the germination of wheat seeds depending on the concentration of allelopathically active substances of couch grass in an aqueous solution.
{"title":"Allelopathic effect of couch grass (Elymus repens L.) on germination of common wheat seeds","authors":"S. Okrushko","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.041","url":null,"abstract":"The resistance of common wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), a traditional Ukrainian crop, to allelopathic weeds in the early stages of cultivation has not been sufficiently analysed up to now. Contradictory information on the chemical interaction between wheat and couch grass ( Elymus repens L.) has led to a detailed investigation of the effect of couch grass. The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the aqueous extracts of couch grass rhizomes collected in Vinnytsia region, western and south-western Ukraine on wheat seed germination and further seedling development. It was found that the presence of couch grass extracts inhibited the energy of seed germination in all experimental treatments. The couch grass extract with a concentration of 1:1000 had a stimulating effect on the germination and subsequent growth of wheat seedlings compared to the control treatment, in which the wheat seeds were germinated in the distilled water. On the 4th day of the experiment, the couch grass extracts at higher concentrations (1:100 and 1:10) significantly reduced the length of the germ root of wheat by 0.25 and 0.30 cm. On the 7th day of wheat seed germination, measurements of the stem length showed a decrease by 56.2% and 51.4% compared to the control treatment. Thus, the inhibitory effect was maybe decreasing within 5–11 days of the germination of wheat seeds depending on the concentration of allelopathically active substances of couch grass in an aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77132190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.045
S. Çam, Ç. Küçük, C. Cevheri
Increasing soil salinity is among the most detrimental threats restricting crop growth and productivity. In recent years, root inoculation with biofilm-forming plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been greatly interested in improving abiotic stress tolerance. This study examined the plant growth-promoting and biofilm-forming potential of Azotobacter spp. obtained from maize rhizosphere, tested the salinity effect (up to 300 mM NaCl) on biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and evaluated their effect on maize growth at different concentrations (0, 50, and 150 mM) of NaCl under greenhouse conditions. The isolates produced different amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (from 0.96 to 7.51 µg mL −1 ) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (from 2.10 to 19.50 µmol α-ketobutyrate mg −1 h −1 ). On average, the highest biofilm formation was found in A. chroococcum . Both biofilm formation and EPS production significantly increased ( p < 0.05) at 150 and 300 mM NaCl in A. chroococcum SC8, A. beijerinckii SC10, and A. tropicalis SC4. These strains also significantly increased ( p < 0.05) root depth by 44.1–55.9%, shoot height by 52.3–58.8%, fresh root weight by 42.8–52.4%, and fresh shoot weight by 44.6–53.6% at 150 mM NaCl compared with the uninoculated salinity-stressed (control) treatment. Among plant growth regulators, higher biofilm formation and EPS production under increasing salinity exhibited better maize growth under salinity stress. Therefore, these respective strains might be promising bioinoculants for alleviating salinity stress in field experiments.
土壤盐分增加是限制作物生长和生产力的最有害威胁之一。近年来，用生物膜形成植物促生根瘤菌(PGPR)进行根接种对提高植物的非生物胁迫耐受性具有重要意义。本研究考察了从玉米根际获得的固氮菌对植物生长和生物膜形成的促进作用，测试了盐度(≥300 mM NaCl)对生物膜形成和胞外多糖(EPS)产生的影响，并评价了温室条件下不同浓度NaCl(0、50和150 mM)对玉米生长的影响。分离物产生不同量的吲哚乙酸(IAA)(0.96 ~ 7.51µg mL−1)和1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶(2.10 ~ 19.50µmol α-酮丁酸mg−1 h−1)。平均而言，藻芽孢杆菌的生物膜形成率最高。150和300 mM NaCl处理下，A. choococum SC8、A. beijerinckii SC10和A. tropical alis SC4的生物膜形成和EPS产量均显著增加(p < 0.05)。在150 mM NaCl处理下，与未接种盐胁迫(对照)相比，这些菌株根深增加了44.1-55.9%，茎高增加了52.3-58.8%，鲜根重增加了42.8-52.4%，鲜梢重增加了44.6-53.6% (p < 0.05)。在植物生长调节剂中，盐胁迫下较高的生物膜形成和EPS产量表明玉米在盐胁迫下生长较好。因此，在田间试验中，这些菌株可能是有前景的生物接种剂。
{"title":"The effect of salinity-resistant biofilm-forming Azotobacter spp. on salt tolerance in maize growth","authors":"S. Çam, Ç. Küçük, C. Cevheri","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.045","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing soil salinity is among the most detrimental threats restricting crop growth and productivity. In recent years, root inoculation with biofilm-forming plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has been greatly interested in improving abiotic stress tolerance. This study examined the plant growth-promoting and biofilm-forming potential of Azotobacter spp. obtained from maize rhizosphere, tested the salinity effect (up to 300 mM NaCl) on biofilm formation and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, and evaluated their effect on maize growth at different concentrations (0, 50, and 150 mM) of NaCl under greenhouse conditions. The isolates produced different amounts of indole acetic acid (IAA) (from 0.96 to 7.51 µg mL −1 ) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase (from 2.10 to 19.50 µmol α-ketobutyrate mg −1 h −1 ). On average, the highest biofilm formation was found in A. chroococcum . Both biofilm formation and EPS production significantly increased ( p < 0.05) at 150 and 300 mM NaCl in A. chroococcum SC8, A. beijerinckii SC10, and A. tropicalis SC4. These strains also significantly increased ( p < 0.05) root depth by 44.1–55.9%, shoot height by 52.3–58.8%, fresh root weight by 42.8–52.4%, and fresh shoot weight by 44.6–53.6% at 150 mM NaCl compared with the uninoculated salinity-stressed (control) treatment. Among plant growth regulators, higher biofilm formation and EPS production under increasing salinity exhibited better maize growth under salinity stress. Therefore, these respective strains might be promising bioinoculants for alleviating salinity stress in field experiments.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74917386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.038
Paulius Astrauskas, G. Staugaitis, Aistė Masevičienė, Lina Žičkienė
The experiment was carried out in 2018–2021 in the Baltic Upland of the Eastern Lithuania, where the soil cover was very different. The objective was to determine the yield and grain quality of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in fields with a different soil cover, their variation and dependence on soil texture and typology. For the experiment, three fields with a different soil cover were selected and 30 observation sites were set up. The results showed that the field with light-textured soils of sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam produced a lower number of productive stems and a lower grain yield of winter wheat compared to the field with heavier-textured soils. The average grain yield in sites, where the sandy loam fraction predominated, was 7.22 t ha -1 compared with 5.55 t ha -1 for loamy sand and 4.33 t ha -1 for loamy sand and sand fractions. The yield and productivity of winter wheat in the experimental field with the heavy-textured subsoil depended on the distribution of soil particles throughout the soil profile. Eutric Planosol , where the sand and loamy sand fraction in the top layer, and sandy clay at 60–70 cm depth dominated, produced the highest grain yield of 9.20 t ha -1 . The variation in winter wheat yield of the field in the hilly terrain was as much as 2.3 times. Winter wheat yield was higher in Gleyic Luvisol and Eutric Fluvisol in the lowlands, while yield was lower on the hilltops and slopes, where Haplic Luvisol predominated. Winter wheat was less fertile in organic soils in the lowlands due to the intensive growth and lodging of the vegetative part. The content of crude protein in winter wheat grains was influenced by the annual weather conditions and soil properties. In dry years, in the fields, where the lightest-textured loamy sand and sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam prevailed, the grains were finer and at the same time had a higher level of crude protein.
该实验于2018-2021年在立陶宛东部的波罗的海高地进行，那里的土壤覆盖情况非常不同。目的是确定不同土壤覆盖条件下冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)产量和籽粒品质的变化及其对土壤质地和类型的依赖。试验选取3块不同土壤覆盖的农田，设置30个观测点。结果表明，砂质、壤土和砂质壤土轻质土壤的冬小麦生产茎数和籽粒产量均低于重质土壤;以砂壤土组分为主的样地平均粮食产量为7.22 t ha -1，而壤土为5.55 t ha -1，壤土和砂组分为4.33 t ha -1。重质底土试验田冬小麦的产量和生产力取决于土壤颗粒在整个土壤剖面上的分布。富营养化平壤土的籽粒产量最高，为9.20 t ha -1，以表层砂和壤土组分以及60 ~ 70 cm深度的砂质粘土为主。丘陵地冬小麦产量变化幅度达2.3倍。低洼地区glyic Luvisol和Eutric Luvisol冬小麦产量较高，而山顶和坡地产量较低，以Haplic Luvisol为主。冬小麦在低地有机土壤中的肥力较差，主要是由于营养部分生长密集和倒伏。冬小麦籽粒粗蛋白质含量受年度气候条件和土壤性质的影响。在干旱年份，以质地较轻的壤土和砂质壤土、砂质壤土和砂质粘土壤土为主的农田，籽粒较细，粗蛋白质含量较高。
{"title":"Variation of winter wheat grain yield and its quality in fields with different soil cover","authors":"Paulius Astrauskas, G. Staugaitis, Aistė Masevičienė, Lina Žičkienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.038","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was carried out in 2018–2021 in the Baltic Upland of the Eastern Lithuania, where the soil cover was very different. The objective was to determine the yield and grain quality of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) in fields with a different soil cover, their variation and dependence on soil texture and typology. For the experiment, three fields with a different soil cover were selected and 30 observation sites were set up. The results showed that the field with light-textured soils of sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam produced a lower number of productive stems and a lower grain yield of winter wheat compared to the field with heavier-textured soils. The average grain yield in sites, where the sandy loam fraction predominated, was 7.22 t ha -1 compared with 5.55 t ha -1 for loamy sand and 4.33 t ha -1 for loamy sand and sand fractions. The yield and productivity of winter wheat in the experimental field with the heavy-textured subsoil depended on the distribution of soil particles throughout the soil profile. Eutric Planosol , where the sand and loamy sand fraction in the top layer, and sandy clay at 60–70 cm depth dominated, produced the highest grain yield of 9.20 t ha -1 . The variation in winter wheat yield of the field in the hilly terrain was as much as 2.3 times. Winter wheat yield was higher in Gleyic Luvisol and Eutric Fluvisol in the lowlands, while yield was lower on the hilltops and slopes, where Haplic Luvisol predominated. Winter wheat was less fertile in organic soils in the lowlands due to the intensive growth and lodging of the vegetative part. The content of crude protein in winter wheat grains was influenced by the annual weather conditions and soil properties. In dry years, in the fields, where the lightest-textured loamy sand and sand, sandy loam and sandy clay loam prevailed, the grains were finer and at the same time had a higher level of crude protein.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"88 5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87702750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.037
Agnė Veršulienė, G. Kadžienė, Mykola Kochiieru, S. Pranaitiene, Loreta Meškauskienė, O. Auškalnienė
Cover cropping is a successful soil conservation technique, but it has limitations and must be recognised as part of a well-planned integrated farming system. Environmental conditions, soil type, crop
{"title":"Response of spring barley root and soil physical properties to changes under cover crop and different tillage","authors":"Agnė Veršulienė, G. Kadžienė, Mykola Kochiieru, S. Pranaitiene, Loreta Meškauskienė, O. Auškalnienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.037","url":null,"abstract":"Cover cropping is a successful soil conservation technique, but it has limitations and must be recognised as part of a well-planned integrated farming system. Environmental conditions, soil type, crop","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75848973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.043
Kateryna Fastovetska, A. Šlepetienė, Egidijus Vigricas, G. Urbaitis, O. Belova
The lead (Pb) is a heavy metal, which causes severe disorders in humans and other organisms. Recently, the item of wetland buffer zone has emerged as an integrated development approach to nature conservation including buffer zone pollution by Pb. The main sources of Pb pollution in Lithuania are Pb ammunition used by hunters and natural and anthropogenic activities. Considering plant capability to accumulate Pb, they are used for bioindication. The objective of the study was to determine Pb content in the aboveground biomass of vegetation collected from the reference sites in the buffer zones of wetlands. The research was conducted in three localities of the different wetland buffer zones – drying ditch, natural pond, and stream, in the three parts of Lithuania: in the Northwestern part of Lithuania in the territory of the Žemaitija National Park, in the northern part of the Žemaitija Upland at the border of Latvia, and in the Central Lithuania, in the vicinity of the largest artificial waterbody – Kauno Marios and the Nemunas River. The content of Pb in the working solutions was determined by the atomic absorption method on an atomic absorption spectrometer at a wavelength of 283.0 nm. Significant differences were calculated using the three-way ANOVA (Tukey’s HSD test). The relationships were calculated using a regression analysis, the data were significant at P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001. The data of the research show that the content of Pb corresponds to the background content of uncontaminated sites, the values of which are reported by other scientists and is equal to 0.95–6.84 mg kg −1 . The average content of Pb in the buffer zones of various surface water source types was 3.75–3.76 mg kg −1 . The content of Pb in the plants at 20–30 m from the surface water bodies increased by 1.3–1.5 times, and then at 40 m it decreased by the same indicator.
{"title":"Lead content in plant materials in the buffer zones of surface water bodies of Northwestern and Central regions of Lithuania","authors":"Kateryna Fastovetska, A. Šlepetienė, Egidijus Vigricas, G. Urbaitis, O. Belova","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.043","url":null,"abstract":"The lead (Pb) is a heavy metal, which causes severe disorders in humans and other organisms. Recently, the item of wetland buffer zone has emerged as an integrated development approach to nature conservation including buffer zone pollution by Pb. The main sources of Pb pollution in Lithuania are Pb ammunition used by hunters and natural and anthropogenic activities. Considering plant capability to accumulate Pb, they are used for bioindication. The objective of the study was to determine Pb content in the aboveground biomass of vegetation collected from the reference sites in the buffer zones of wetlands. The research was conducted in three localities of the different wetland buffer zones – drying ditch, natural pond, and stream, in the three parts of Lithuania: in the Northwestern part of Lithuania in the territory of the Žemaitija National Park, in the northern part of the Žemaitija Upland at the border of Latvia, and in the Central Lithuania, in the vicinity of the largest artificial waterbody – Kauno Marios and the Nemunas River. The content of Pb in the working solutions was determined by the atomic absorption method on an atomic absorption spectrometer at a wavelength of 283.0 nm. Significant differences were calculated using the three-way ANOVA (Tukey’s HSD test). The relationships were calculated using a regression analysis, the data were significant at P ≤ 0.01 and P ≤ 0.001. The data of the research show that the content of Pb corresponds to the background content of uncontaminated sites, the values of which are reported by other scientists and is equal to 0.95–6.84 mg kg −1 . The average content of Pb in the buffer zones of various surface water source types was 3.75–3.76 mg kg −1 . The content of Pb in the plants at 20–30 m from the surface water bodies increased by 1.3–1.5 times, and then at 40 m it decreased by the same indicator.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85448097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.039
L. M. Butkevičienė, V. Steponavičienė, R. Pupalienė, Lina Skinulienė, R. Čepulienė, V. Bogužas
Policies to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers and chemical pesticides have spurred research into biological approaches to soil and plant protection and biostimulation. The two-factorial field experiment was carried out on the crops of spring and winter wheat at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Lithuania, from 2018 to 2020. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of biostimulants and their mixtures in different soil tillage systems on the productivity of spring and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Biostimulants were more effective to stimulate plant development at the no-till + catch crop (NT + CC) treatment. The effect became more evident in the third year of the experiment. The biostimulant with Trichoderma sp. and the biostimulant with Azotobacter sp. and mixtures with them increased grain yield when NT + CC technology was used. Only mixtures of biostimulants with Trichoderma sp. and with Azotobacter sp. increased yield when applying PT technology. Although biostimulants do not always increase the yield of agricultural crops, their application is more sustainable agricultural practice.
{"title":"Wheat productivity in different tillage systems after using biostimulants and their mixtures","authors":"L. M. Butkevičienė, V. Steponavičienė, R. Pupalienė, Lina Skinulienė, R. Čepulienė, V. Bogužas","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.039","url":null,"abstract":"Policies to reduce the use of mineral fertilisers and chemical pesticides have spurred research into biological approaches to soil and plant protection and biostimulation. The two-factorial field experiment was carried out on the crops of spring and winter wheat at the Experimental Station of Vytautas Magnus University Agriculture Academy, Lithuania, from 2018 to 2020. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the influence of biostimulants and their mixtures in different soil tillage systems on the productivity of spring and winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Biostimulants were more effective to stimulate plant development at the no-till + catch crop (NT + CC) treatment. The effect became more evident in the third year of the experiment. The biostimulant with Trichoderma sp. and the biostimulant with Azotobacter sp. and mixtures with them increased grain yield when NT + CC technology was used. Only mixtures of biostimulants with Trichoderma sp. and with Azotobacter sp. increased yield when applying PT technology. Although biostimulants do not always increase the yield of agricultural crops, their application is more sustainable agricultural practice.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79764620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.040
Yu. E. Kolupaev, T. Yastreb, Anastasia M. Salii, A. I. Kokorev, N. I. Ryabchun, O. A. Zmiievska, M. A. Shkliarevskyi
Climatic changes bring the problem of drought tolerance of winter cereals to the fore at the earliest stages of development, immediately after autumn sowing. The reaction of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems of etiolated seedlings of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under osmotic stress was investigated.
{"title":"State of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems in etiolated winter wheat seedlings of different cultivars due to their drought tolerance","authors":"Yu. E. Kolupaev, T. Yastreb, Anastasia M. Salii, A. I. Kokorev, N. I. Ryabchun, O. A. Zmiievska, M. A. Shkliarevskyi","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.040","url":null,"abstract":"Climatic changes bring the problem of drought tolerance of winter cereals to the fore at the earliest stages of development, immediately after autumn sowing. The reaction of antioxidant and osmoprotective systems of etiolated seedlings of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) under osmotic stress was investigated.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88508224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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