{"title":"Chemical control of Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) in Ukraine","authors":"O. Auškalnienė, G. Kadžienė, O. Ivashchenko, Ya. P. Makukh, S. Remeniuk, S. Moshkivska, Vladyslav Riznyk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.042","url":null,"abstract":"Sosnowsky’s hogweed ( Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) is known as an invasive, ineligible, harmful to human health","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78625776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.047
Servet Aras
Temperate trees are subjected to a quiescent state during autumn and winter called dormancy. During buds growth, xylogenesis was observed between buds and shoots to maintain water and nutrients. In the present study, the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, ‘J. H. Hale’) flower bud phenological stages and xylogenesis between buds and shoots was investigated. Shoots were collected during the leaf fall from peach trees grafted onto the Garnem rootstock ( P. dulcis × P. persica ), wrapped in a damp cloth, and stored at 4 ± 1°C temperature for 850 h. After the chilling treatment, the shoots were placed for a month in a controlled chamber with environmental conditions of 21°C temperature, 65% relative humidity, and 16/8 h photoperiod. Five days after the chilling treatment (DACT), the shoots were treated with SNP and ASA, except the control. During the experiment, SNP and ASA treatments provided earliness in the stages of flower bud development. Xylogenesis was observed in all treatments starting with 11 DACT. In this stage, xylem observation was found more clearly in using SNP and ASA compared to the control. The results of the experiment showed that using SNP and ASA provides earliness in flowering via increasing xylogenesis between buds and shoots.
{"title":"Sodium nitroprusside and acetylsalicylic acid provided earliness in peach flower bud phenological stages by triggering xylogenesis","authors":"Servet Aras","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.047","url":null,"abstract":"Temperate trees are subjected to a quiescent state during autumn and winter called dormancy. During buds growth, xylogenesis was observed between buds and shoots to maintain water and nutrients. In the present study, the effect of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on peach ( Prunus persica (L.) Batsch, ‘J. H. Hale’) flower bud phenological stages and xylogenesis between buds and shoots was investigated. Shoots were collected during the leaf fall from peach trees grafted onto the Garnem rootstock ( P. dulcis × P. persica ), wrapped in a damp cloth, and stored at 4 ± 1°C temperature for 850 h. After the chilling treatment, the shoots were placed for a month in a controlled chamber with environmental conditions of 21°C temperature, 65% relative humidity, and 16/8 h photoperiod. Five days after the chilling treatment (DACT), the shoots were treated with SNP and ASA, except the control. During the experiment, SNP and ASA treatments provided earliness in the stages of flower bud development. Xylogenesis was observed in all treatments starting with 11 DACT. In this stage, xylem observation was found more clearly in using SNP and ASA compared to the control. The results of the experiment showed that using SNP and ASA provides earliness in flowering via increasing xylogenesis between buds and shoots.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86350736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.046
Eimantas Venslovas, A. Mankevičienė, Y. Kochiieru, Lauksmė Merkevičiūte-Venslovė, S. Janavičienė
The aim of this study was to determine how citrinin (CIT), aflatoxins (AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 ), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations vary under different maize grains storage conditions and how they affect grain quality. Analyses of mycotoxins: AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 , CIT, DON, ZEA, and OTA, and grain quality: dry matter (DM) content, crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fibre (CF), crude fat, and starch, were performed at the beginning of the experiment and then after 3 and 6 months of storage. The results of the experiment showed that the duration of storage had the greatest influence on the formation of AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 when an average concentration increased about three times after 6 months of storage, regardless of storage conditions. The duration of storage also had a significant effect on CIT accumulation, as it was not detected in the maize grain samples before the experiment, and after 6 months of storage, the concentration ranged from 93 to 184 µg kg –1 . It was also noted that there is no risk of an increase in the concentrations of DON, ZEA, and OTA in maize grains when dried grains are stored well (up to 7% moisture content). The DON concentration after 6 months of storage at 12°C and 20°C and in the warehouse decreased about two times, while at 4°C after 3 months of storage it also decreased, and then after 6 months it increased to the same concentration as at the beginning of the experiment. Throughout the experimental period, ZEA and OTA concentrations were slightly above or below the limit of detection (LOD). The nutrient composition after 6 months of storage was only different after storage at 20°C temperature. The increase in starch content was accompanied by an increase in the DM content. Strong positive correlations were observed: as the concentrations of AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 and CIT increased, so did the DM content, while the crude protein content increased with increasing the DON concentration.
本研究旨在研究不同玉米贮藏条件下柑桔素(CIT)、黄曲霉毒素(AFL B1+B2+G1+G2)、赭曲霉毒素A (OTA)、玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEA)和脱氧腐血毒素醇(DON)浓度的变化及其对籽粒品质的影响。在试验开始及贮藏3个月和6个月后分别测定真菌毒素:AFL B1+B2+G1+G2、CIT、DON、ZEA和OTA以及籽粒品质:干物质(DM)含量、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗灰分(CA)、粗纤维(CF)、粗脂肪和淀粉含量。实验结果表明，无论贮藏条件如何，贮藏时间对AFL B1+B2+G1+G2的形成影响最大，贮藏6个月后平均浓度增加约3倍。贮藏时间对CIT积累也有显著影响，因为实验前玉米籽粒样品中未检测到CIT，贮藏6个月后，CIT浓度在93 ~ 184µg kg -1之间。还注意到，当干燥谷物储存良好(含水量高达7%)时，玉米籽粒中DON、ZEA和OTA的浓度没有增加的风险。在12°C、20°C和仓库存放6个月后，DON浓度下降了约2倍，在4°C存放3个月后，DON浓度也有所下降，6个月后又回升到与实验开始时相同的浓度。实验期间，ZEA和OTA浓度均略高于或低于检测限(LOD)。贮藏6个月后的营养成分仅在20℃贮藏后有所不同。淀粉含量的增加伴随着DM含量的增加。随着AFL B1+B2+G1+G2和CIT浓度的增加，DM含量也随之增加，粗蛋白质含量则随着DON浓度的增加而增加。
{"title":"Effect of storage conditions on the occurrence of mycotoxins and nutrient composition in maize grains","authors":"Eimantas Venslovas, A. Mankevičienė, Y. Kochiieru, Lauksmė Merkevičiūte-Venslovė, S. Janavičienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.046","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine how citrinin (CIT), aflatoxins (AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 ), ochratoxin A (OTA), zearalenone (ZEA), and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentrations vary under different maize grains storage conditions and how they affect grain quality. Analyses of mycotoxins: AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 , CIT, DON, ZEA, and OTA, and grain quality: dry matter (DM) content, crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude fibre (CF), crude fat, and starch, were performed at the beginning of the experiment and then after 3 and 6 months of storage. The results of the experiment showed that the duration of storage had the greatest influence on the formation of AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 when an average concentration increased about three times after 6 months of storage, regardless of storage conditions. The duration of storage also had a significant effect on CIT accumulation, as it was not detected in the maize grain samples before the experiment, and after 6 months of storage, the concentration ranged from 93 to 184 µg kg –1 . It was also noted that there is no risk of an increase in the concentrations of DON, ZEA, and OTA in maize grains when dried grains are stored well (up to 7% moisture content). The DON concentration after 6 months of storage at 12°C and 20°C and in the warehouse decreased about two times, while at 4°C after 3 months of storage it also decreased, and then after 6 months it increased to the same concentration as at the beginning of the experiment. Throughout the experimental period, ZEA and OTA concentrations were slightly above or below the limit of detection (LOD). The nutrient composition after 6 months of storage was only different after storage at 20°C temperature. The increase in starch content was accompanied by an increase in the DM content. Strong positive correlations were observed: as the concentrations of AFL B1+B2+G1+G2 and CIT increased, so did the DM content, while the crude protein content increased with increasing the DON concentration.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81612097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.027
G. Staugaitis, Kazimieras Poškus, Z. Brazienė, D. Avižienytė
In 2019–2021, the experiment was carried out with the aim to investigate how sulphur (S) fertiliser rates under different nitrogen (N) fertiliser backgrounds influenced winter wheat grain yield, grain quality, and plant productivity indicators. The winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Janne’ was grown in four N background treatments with N 60 , N 120 , N 180 , and N 240 without S fertilisation and also fertilised with S 15 (in all N fertilisation treatments), S 30 (only with N 120 and N 240 ), and S 60 (only with N 240 ). The results showed that S fertilisation increased the wheat grain yield significantly in individual research years and only in the plots fertilised with higher N rates. N fertilisers increased the protein content, sedimentation, and gluten content of the grain, while S fertilisers only in one year and only in the N 180 fertilisation treatment. The results of experiment showed that the N:S ratio for the winter wheat at the BBCH 30 growth stage was in the range of 8–16, and at the BBCH 65 it was in the range of 9–19 indicating that the winter wheat was optimally or even more than optimally supplied with S.
{"title":"Effect of sulphur and nitrogen fertilisation on winter wheat in Calcaric Luvisol","authors":"G. Staugaitis, Kazimieras Poškus, Z. Brazienė, D. Avižienytė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.027","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019–2021, the experiment was carried out with the aim to investigate how sulphur (S) fertiliser rates under different nitrogen (N) fertiliser backgrounds influenced winter wheat grain yield, grain quality, and plant productivity indicators. The winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar ‘Janne’ was grown in four N background treatments with N 60 , N 120 , N 180 , and N 240 without S fertilisation and also fertilised with S 15 (in all N fertilisation treatments), S 30 (only with N 120 and N 240 ), and S 60 (only with N 240 ). The results showed that S fertilisation increased the wheat grain yield significantly in individual research years and only in the plots fertilised with higher N rates. N fertilisers increased the protein content, sedimentation, and gluten content of the grain, while S fertilisers only in one year and only in the N 180 fertilisation treatment. The results of experiment showed that the N:S ratio for the winter wheat at the BBCH 30 growth stage was in the range of 8–16, and at the BBCH 65 it was in the range of 9–19 indicating that the winter wheat was optimally or even more than optimally supplied with S.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81257439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.026
L. Belyavskaya, Yurii Belyavskiy, M. Kulyk, A. Taranenko, S. Didovich
The strategic task of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding today is to create highly adaptive cultivars that have a high level of genetic protection from biotic and abiotic environmental factors and are able to maximise the yield potential in combination with a high grain quality. The use of inoculants is an environmentally safe measure that can significantly increase the soybean yield and reduce the level of plant damage by pests. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the biological inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains under different cultivation conditions and dry-resistant soybean cultivars ‘Almaz’ and ‘Antracite’. B. japonicum strains 634b for the ‘Almaz’ were the most effective in the Forest-steppe, as the yield increased by 0.11 t ha -1 compared to that of the control treatment. At the same time, the yield increased by 0.05 t ha -1 due to the application of B. japonicum strains М8. Under these cultivation conditions, for the ‘Antracite’, the B. japonicum strains М8 provided the greatest growth of yield (increased by 0.23 t ha -1 compared to that of the control) and by 0.14 t ha -1 when the B. japonicum strains 634b were used. On the average, over the experimental years, soybean cultivars in the Forest- steppe had a much higher yield (2.70–2.88 t ha -1 ) compared to that of the Steppe (1.28–1.88 t ha -1 ). Treatment with the B. japonicum strains 634b significantly increased the yield for the ‘Almaz’ and ‘Antracite’ in the Steppe. In the Forest-steppe, the treatment with B. japonicum strains 634b was more effective for the ‘Almaz’ and the one with B. japonicum strains М8 for the ‘Antracite’. Quantitative symbiotic indices of soybeans were higher in the treatment with B. japonicum strains 634b for the ‘Almaz’ in the Forest-steppe and Steppe. In the Steppe, the application of B. japonicum strains М8 was more effective for the ‘Antracite’.
大豆(Glycine max (L.))的战略任务今天的育种是创造高度适应性的品种，这些品种具有高水平的遗传保护，不受生物和非生物环境因素的影响，能够最大限度地提高产量潜力，同时具有高品质的粮食。接种剂的使用是一种环境安全的措施，可以显著提高大豆产量，减少害虫对植物的危害。以不同栽培条件下的缓生根瘤菌株系和抗旱大豆品种“Almaz”和“Antracite”为基础，对生物接种剂进行了评价。“Almaz”的日本芽孢杆菌菌株634b在森林草原上最有效，产量比对照处理提高0.11 t / 1。同时，应用日本芽孢杆菌М8菌株可使产量提高0.05 t / 1。在这些培养条件下，对于“Antracite”，日本芽孢杆菌菌株М8的产量增长最大(与对照相比增加了0.23 tha -1)，而使用日本芽孢杆菌菌株634b的产量增长了0.14 tha -1。平均而言，在试验年份，森林草原大豆品种的产量(2.70 ~ 2.88 tha -1)远高于草原品种(1.28 ~ 1.88 tha -1)。日本芽孢杆菌634b处理显著提高了草原“Almaz”和“Antracite”的产量。在森林草原中，日本芽孢杆菌634b菌株对“Almaz”的处理效果更好，而日本芽孢杆菌М8菌株对“Antracite”的处理效果更好。在森林草原和草原地区，用日本双歧杆菌634b处理的‘Almaz’大豆的数量共生指数较高。在草原地区，应用日本芽孢杆菌М8对“Antracite”更有效。
{"title":"Soybean growing under inoculation by Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains in the Forest-steppe and Steppe zones of Ukraine","authors":"L. Belyavskaya, Yurii Belyavskiy, M. Kulyk, A. Taranenko, S. Didovich","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.026","url":null,"abstract":"The strategic task of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) breeding today is to create highly adaptive cultivars that have a high level of genetic protection from biotic and abiotic environmental factors and are able to maximise the yield potential in combination with a high grain quality. The use of inoculants is an environmentally safe measure that can significantly increase the soybean yield and reduce the level of plant damage by pests. The aim of the experiment was to evaluate the biological inoculants based on Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains under different cultivation conditions and dry-resistant soybean cultivars ‘Almaz’ and ‘Antracite’. B. japonicum strains 634b for the ‘Almaz’ were the most effective in the Forest-steppe, as the yield increased by 0.11 t ha -1 compared to that of the control treatment. At the same time, the yield increased by 0.05 t ha -1 due to the application of B. japonicum strains М8. Under these cultivation conditions, for the ‘Antracite’, the B. japonicum strains М8 provided the greatest growth of yield (increased by 0.23 t ha -1 compared to that of the control) and by 0.14 t ha -1 when the B. japonicum strains 634b were used. On the average, over the experimental years, soybean cultivars in the Forest- steppe had a much higher yield (2.70–2.88 t ha -1 ) compared to that of the Steppe (1.28–1.88 t ha -1 ). Treatment with the B. japonicum strains 634b significantly increased the yield for the ‘Almaz’ and ‘Antracite’ in the Steppe. In the Forest-steppe, the treatment with B. japonicum strains 634b was more effective for the ‘Almaz’ and the one with B. japonicum strains М8 for the ‘Antracite’. Quantitative symbiotic indices of soybeans were higher in the treatment with B. japonicum strains 634b for the ‘Almaz’ in the Forest-steppe and Steppe. In the Steppe, the application of B. japonicum strains М8 was more effective for the ‘Antracite’.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91283059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.028
S. Ilin, B. Jocković, M. Mirosavljević, V. Momčilović, Vladimir Aćin, D. Živančev, S. Mikić, L. Brbaklić
The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and stability during the last century and to identify meteorological variables related to the cultivar performance in many-years research. A historical set of 47 winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Pannonian Plain region during the period between 1930 and 2013 was studied. Field experiments with 47 winter wheat cultivars were conducted during ten growing seasons. Grain yield, main agronomic traits, protein content, and Zeleny sedimentation test were studied. The selected cultivars were widely grown and/or extensively used in breeding activities in Serbia and surrounding countries. The obtained results varied significantly across the growing seasons and breeding periods. The grain yield was closely related to winter wheat genetic gain. The genetic progress of grain yield was 48 kg ha -1 per year of cultivar release. Precipitation during winter, stem elongation, and mid and late grain filling stages were highly associated with the grain yield and genetic gain. Differences among the breeding periods were significant for the plant height. The cultivars of the 1st breeding period were the highest with an average plant height of 109 cm. The lowest plant height was recorded in the cultivars of the 5th and 6th breeding periods: 78.5 and 80.5 cm, respectively. Among the growing seasons, the average plant height ranged from 69.5 to 98.6 cm. The hectolitre weight varied from 77.6 to 79.6 kg hl -1 . The thousand grain weight showed a small variation and ranged from 40.1 to 41.9 g. The protein content significantly varied among the breeding periods and growing seasons. Modern cultivars of the 6th (12.4%) and the 4th (12.5%) breeding periods had the lowest protein content, while the highest protein content (14.0%) was recorded in the initial cultivars of the 1st breeding period. The modern winter wheat cultivars showed a higher grain yield potential and stability than older ones. Therefore, the improvement of cultivars stability across different environmental conditions should represent a notable strategy for further increase of the winter wheat grain yield potential.
本研究旨在分析近一个世纪以来冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)产量和稳定性的变化，并通过多年研究确定与冬小麦品种表现相关的气象变量。以1930 - 2013年在潘诺尼亚平原地区广泛种植的47个冬小麦品种为研究对象。选取47个冬小麦品种，分10个生长季进行田间试验。研究了籽粒产量、主要农艺性状、蛋白质含量和Zeleny沉降试验。所选品种在塞尔维亚和周边国家广泛种植和/或广泛用于育种活动。所得结果在不同的生长季节和繁殖期差异显著。籽粒产量与冬小麦遗传增益密切相关。籽粒产量遗传进展为每年释放品种48 kg ha -1。冬季降水、茎伸长和灌浆中后期与籽粒产量和遗传增益密切相关。各生育期株高差异显著。第一期品种株高最高，平均株高109 cm。第5期和第6期株高最低，分别为78.5 cm和80.5 cm。各生长季节平均株高在69.5 ~ 98.6 cm之间。百升重量从77.6到79.6 kg / l不等。千粒重变化不大，在40.1 ~ 41.9 g之间。蛋白质含量在不同的繁殖期和生长期差异显著。现代品种第6期和第4期蛋白质含量最低(12.4%)，第1期初始品种蛋白质含量最高(14.0%)。现代冬小麦品种表现出较老品种更高的产量潜力和稳定性。因此，提高品种在不同环境条件下的稳定性应是进一步提高冬小麦籽粒产量潜力的重要策略。
{"title":"The performance of the genetic gain and breeding progress of historical winter wheat cultivars set in the period from 1930 to 2013 in South-eastern Europe","authors":"S. Ilin, B. Jocković, M. Mirosavljević, V. Momčilović, Vladimir Aćin, D. Živančev, S. Mikić, L. Brbaklić","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.028","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to analyse the changes in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) grain yield and stability during the last century and to identify meteorological variables related to the cultivar performance in many-years research. A historical set of 47 winter wheat cultivars widely grown in the Pannonian Plain region during the period between 1930 and 2013 was studied. Field experiments with 47 winter wheat cultivars were conducted during ten growing seasons. Grain yield, main agronomic traits, protein content, and Zeleny sedimentation test were studied. The selected cultivars were widely grown and/or extensively used in breeding activities in Serbia and surrounding countries. The obtained results varied significantly across the growing seasons and breeding periods. The grain yield was closely related to winter wheat genetic gain. The genetic progress of grain yield was 48 kg ha -1 per year of cultivar release. Precipitation during winter, stem elongation, and mid and late grain filling stages were highly associated with the grain yield and genetic gain. Differences among the breeding periods were significant for the plant height. The cultivars of the 1st breeding period were the highest with an average plant height of 109 cm. The lowest plant height was recorded in the cultivars of the 5th and 6th breeding periods: 78.5 and 80.5 cm, respectively. Among the growing seasons, the average plant height ranged from 69.5 to 98.6 cm. The hectolitre weight varied from 77.6 to 79.6 kg hl -1 . The thousand grain weight showed a small variation and ranged from 40.1 to 41.9 g. The protein content significantly varied among the breeding periods and growing seasons. Modern cultivars of the 6th (12.4%) and the 4th (12.5%) breeding periods had the lowest protein content, while the highest protein content (14.0%) was recorded in the initial cultivars of the 1st breeding period. The modern winter wheat cultivars showed a higher grain yield potential and stability than older ones. Therefore, the improvement of cultivars stability across different environmental conditions should represent a notable strategy for further increase of the winter wheat grain yield potential.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76743542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.032
Dóra Szabó, É. N. Zámboriné, Michael Abiodun Falade, P. Radácsi, K. Inotai, Z. Pluhar
The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the level and timing of watering on the productivity and chemical constituents of garden thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L., cultivar ‘Varico 3’) at growth stage (GS) 202 based on the extended BBCH scale in growth chamber for 13 weeks. Different irrigation regimes have been applied based on the soil water content (SWC%) as follows: 1) control (C: 1–13th weeks – 70% SWC), 2) mild drought stress (S1: 1–4th weeks – 70% SWC, from the 6th week, continuously decreasing drought stress to 40% DVD for 10–13th weeks), 3) sudden drought stress (S2: 1–9th weeks – 70% SWC, 10–13th weeks – 40% DVD), and 4) constant drought stress (S3: 1–4th weeks – 70% DVK, 5–13th weeks – 40% SWC). At the end of the experiment, it was determined that water deficiency induced no direct impact on the width and height of garden thyme plants, while internode and shoot lengths were affected significantly. The plants grown under constant drought stress (S3) conditions showed the minimum values concerning lengths (internode 1.30 cm, shoot 7.12 cm), while the highest ones (internode 2.50 cm, shoot 22.08 cm) were found in the control treatment. However, water supply had no significant effect on the shoot number and chlorophyll content of the leaves. The impact of drought stress both on rosmarinic acid and total phenolic content (TPC) was significant and showed the highest values in the S2 and S3 treatments: S2 had the highest rosmarinic acid concentration of 4.61%, and S3 had the highest total phenolic concentration of 0.75 mg GAE ml -1 . A similar result was found for antioxidant capacity in the S3 treatment, where plants reached the highest values (275.44 mg AAE g -1 dry weight), while the total flavonoid content was not significantly affected by different water supply levels. The results show that not only the level of water deficiency but also the change in water supply and the timing of the drought may have a significant effect on the quantity and quality of garden thyme production. of different irrigation regimes on the antioxidant capacity of dried and powdered Thymus
{"title":"Effect of water deficit on growth and concentration of secondary metabolites of Thymus vulgaris","authors":"Dóra Szabó, É. N. Zámboriné, Michael Abiodun Falade, P. Radácsi, K. Inotai, Z. Pluhar","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.032","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the experiment was to investigate the effect of the level and timing of watering on the productivity and chemical constituents of garden thyme ( Thymus vulgaris L., cultivar ‘Varico 3’) at growth stage (GS) 202 based on the extended BBCH scale in growth chamber for 13 weeks. Different irrigation regimes have been applied based on the soil water content (SWC%) as follows: 1) control (C: 1–13th weeks – 70% SWC), 2) mild drought stress (S1: 1–4th weeks – 70% SWC, from the 6th week, continuously decreasing drought stress to 40% DVD for 10–13th weeks), 3) sudden drought stress (S2: 1–9th weeks – 70% SWC, 10–13th weeks – 40% DVD), and 4) constant drought stress (S3: 1–4th weeks – 70% DVK, 5–13th weeks – 40% SWC). At the end of the experiment, it was determined that water deficiency induced no direct impact on the width and height of garden thyme plants, while internode and shoot lengths were affected significantly. The plants grown under constant drought stress (S3) conditions showed the minimum values concerning lengths (internode 1.30 cm, shoot 7.12 cm), while the highest ones (internode 2.50 cm, shoot 22.08 cm) were found in the control treatment. However, water supply had no significant effect on the shoot number and chlorophyll content of the leaves. The impact of drought stress both on rosmarinic acid and total phenolic content (TPC) was significant and showed the highest values in the S2 and S3 treatments: S2 had the highest rosmarinic acid concentration of 4.61%, and S3 had the highest total phenolic concentration of 0.75 mg GAE ml -1 . A similar result was found for antioxidant capacity in the S3 treatment, where plants reached the highest values (275.44 mg AAE g -1 dry weight), while the total flavonoid content was not significantly affected by different water supply levels. The results show that not only the level of water deficiency but also the change in water supply and the timing of the drought may have a significant effect on the quantity and quality of garden thyme production. of different irrigation regimes on the antioxidant capacity of dried and powdered Thymus","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75535998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.025
R. Skuodienė, J. Aleinikovienė, D. Tomchuk, G. Šiaudinis
The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of temporal sward formation on soil organic carbon (SOC) variation and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content in rhizosphere. The soil of experimental sites was Bathygleyic Dystric Glossic Retisol , where the soil acidity (pH) was 3.9 and 5.0, and four mixtures of legumes and grasses were cultivated. The mixtures were composed of one legume variety and two grass varieties – timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) 35% and meadow grass ( Poa pratensis L.) 15%, 50% of each: 1) red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), 2) white clover ( Trifolium repens L.), 3) hybrid clover ( Trifolium hybridum L.), and 4) alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). In the soil of different swards, SOC was more accumulated at 0–10 cm depth. The species composition of the sward did not have any significant influence on the studied indicators. In the soil of swards with pH 5.0, the SOC content in three years increased by 3.3%, SOC stock by 8.5%, and the C to N ratio was favourable for the SOC accumulation. In the naturally acidic soil (pH 3.9), the SOC content and SOC stock decreased by 12.0% and 3.3%, respectively. In the 4th year of sward formation, irrespective of the soil acidity, the SOC stock decreased, but it was similar as in the beginning of sward formation. Sward formation had a significant impact on the soil MBC. In the 2nd year of sward formation, the MBC content increased by 1.7 times in the soil with pH 5.0 and by 2 times in the naturally acidic soil compared to the year of sowing and remained relatively stable in the 3rd and the 4th year of sward formation irrespective of the soil acidity.
{"title":"Impact of sward formation on soil organic carbon variation and relations with soil microbial activity","authors":"R. Skuodienė, J. Aleinikovienė, D. Tomchuk, G. Šiaudinis","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.025","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to estimate the impact of temporal sward formation on soil organic carbon (SOC) variation and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content in rhizosphere. The soil of experimental sites was Bathygleyic Dystric Glossic Retisol , where the soil acidity (pH) was 3.9 and 5.0, and four mixtures of legumes and grasses were cultivated. The mixtures were composed of one legume variety and two grass varieties – timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) 35% and meadow grass ( Poa pratensis L.) 15%, 50% of each: 1) red clover ( Trifolium pratense L.), 2) white clover ( Trifolium repens L.), 3) hybrid clover ( Trifolium hybridum L.), and 4) alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). In the soil of different swards, SOC was more accumulated at 0–10 cm depth. The species composition of the sward did not have any significant influence on the studied indicators. In the soil of swards with pH 5.0, the SOC content in three years increased by 3.3%, SOC stock by 8.5%, and the C to N ratio was favourable for the SOC accumulation. In the naturally acidic soil (pH 3.9), the SOC content and SOC stock decreased by 12.0% and 3.3%, respectively. In the 4th year of sward formation, irrespective of the soil acidity, the SOC stock decreased, but it was similar as in the beginning of sward formation. Sward formation had a significant impact on the soil MBC. In the 2nd year of sward formation, the MBC content increased by 1.7 times in the soil with pH 5.0 and by 2 times in the naturally acidic soil compared to the year of sowing and remained relatively stable in the 3rd and the 4th year of sward formation irrespective of the soil acidity.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73074640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.030
N. Daskalova, S. Doneva, Y. Stanoeva, P. Spetsov
{"title":"Characterisation of synthetic hexaploid wheat (BBAuAuAmAm) and its potential use in wheat breeding","authors":"N. Daskalova, S. Doneva, Y. Stanoeva, P. Spetsov","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.030","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90863338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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