Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.010
Servet Aras, A. Endes
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum , is considered one of the essential diseases of strawberries. The importance of nutrient supply against Fusarium infection has been studied, while the severity of Fusarium wilt under nutrient deficiency remains unknown. The effect of F. oxysporum on strawberries under calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) deficiency was studied. As plant material, the strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cultivar ‘Albion’ was used. After growth for two months in the nutrient solution, plants were exposed to Ca, Fe, or Zn deficiency conditions (except control). Next, the plants were exposed to mineral deficiency conditions for two months. Finally, a group of non-deficient (control) and mineral-deficient plants were subjected to Fusarium infection. Disease development and severity were monitored over three weeks. At the end of the experiment, the highest plant decline index was found under Ca deficiency followed by Fe and Zn ones. Fusarium infection caused a decrease in the chlorophyll concentration. Nutrient deficiency or Fusarium infection decreased cell expansion. Fusarium + Ca deficiency decreased xylem conduit diameter. Fusarium + Ca deficiency decreased theoretical stem hydraulic conductivity, while other treatments increased the value. According to the results, the Fusarium wilt severity was higher under Ca deficiency. The results of the experiment suggest that the strawberry growers must deal with Ca deficiency in Fusarium - infected plants.
{"title":"Effect of Fusarium oxysporum infection on strawberry under calcium, iron, and zinc deficiency conditions","authors":"Servet Aras, A. Endes","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.010","url":null,"abstract":"Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum , is considered one of the essential diseases of strawberries. The importance of nutrient supply against Fusarium infection has been studied, while the severity of Fusarium wilt under nutrient deficiency remains unknown. The effect of F. oxysporum on strawberries under calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) deficiency was studied. As plant material, the strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch) cultivar ‘Albion’ was used. After growth for two months in the nutrient solution, plants were exposed to Ca, Fe, or Zn deficiency conditions (except control). Next, the plants were exposed to mineral deficiency conditions for two months. Finally, a group of non-deficient (control) and mineral-deficient plants were subjected to Fusarium infection. Disease development and severity were monitored over three weeks. At the end of the experiment, the highest plant decline index was found under Ca deficiency followed by Fe and Zn ones. Fusarium infection caused a decrease in the chlorophyll concentration. Nutrient deficiency or Fusarium infection decreased cell expansion. Fusarium + Ca deficiency decreased xylem conduit diameter. Fusarium + Ca deficiency decreased theoretical stem hydraulic conductivity, while other treatments increased the value. According to the results, the Fusarium wilt severity was higher under Ca deficiency. The results of the experiment suggest that the strawberry growers must deal with Ca deficiency in Fusarium - infected plants.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85584623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.008
I. Zambriborshch, Oksana Shestopal, M. Chekalova, Dmytro Shpak, T. Shpak, Aleksandr Afinogenov
The aim of the research was to create stable breeding material of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) resistant to rice blast ( Pyricularia oryzae ) using the biotechnological method of anther culture in vitro . Anthers from 20 perspective F 2 and F 3 hybrids of carriers of different genes of resistance to rice blast were used. The phytopathological assessment of the rice doubled haploid lines resistance to Pyricularia oryzae was performed in field experiments. Correlation of resistance level to quantitative signs of productivity of the received rice lines was assessed using the statistical analysis. A high sensitivity of all 20 rice genotypes to in vitro conditions was found. The level of callus formation ranged between 3.4% and 82.5% with the average of 23.7%. The level of green plants regeneration from obtained callus varied between 0.16% and 13.3% with the average of 3.3%. The level of albino plants regeneration was 0.6%. On average, approximately 35% of regenerated plants obtained in the culture were able to produce seeds indicating that doubled haploid lines were obtained. Most of them were characterised by a high plant productivity: 21.80–60.42 g compared to 10.31 g for the productivity of standard cultivar ‘Vikont’. A higher productivity was explained by a higher rate of productive bushiness. Eight lines showed a high level of resistance to rice blast (9 points), and 18 lines had an intermediate level of resistance. As a result of the research, perspective lines with a high level of resistance to P. oryzae and increased productivity were obtained. These lines will be used in a further selection programme aimed at obtaining a rice cultivar resistant to P. oryzae .
{"title":"Stabilisation of promising breeding rice plants resistant to Pyricularia oryzae","authors":"I. Zambriborshch, Oksana Shestopal, M. Chekalova, Dmytro Shpak, T. Shpak, Aleksandr Afinogenov","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.008","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the research was to create stable breeding material of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) resistant to rice blast ( Pyricularia oryzae ) using the biotechnological method of anther culture in vitro . Anthers from 20 perspective F 2 and F 3 hybrids of carriers of different genes of resistance to rice blast were used. The phytopathological assessment of the rice doubled haploid lines resistance to Pyricularia oryzae was performed in field experiments. Correlation of resistance level to quantitative signs of productivity of the received rice lines was assessed using the statistical analysis. A high sensitivity of all 20 rice genotypes to in vitro conditions was found. The level of callus formation ranged between 3.4% and 82.5% with the average of 23.7%. The level of green plants regeneration from obtained callus varied between 0.16% and 13.3% with the average of 3.3%. The level of albino plants regeneration was 0.6%. On average, approximately 35% of regenerated plants obtained in the culture were able to produce seeds indicating that doubled haploid lines were obtained. Most of them were characterised by a high plant productivity: 21.80–60.42 g compared to 10.31 g for the productivity of standard cultivar ‘Vikont’. A higher productivity was explained by a higher rate of productive bushiness. Eight lines showed a high level of resistance to rice blast (9 points), and 18 lines had an intermediate level of resistance. As a result of the research, perspective lines with a high level of resistance to P. oryzae and increased productivity were obtained. These lines will be used in a further selection programme aimed at obtaining a rice cultivar resistant to P. oryzae .","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90689113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.007
N. Tsenov, T. Gubatov, I. Yanchev
The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars according to the quality indices: deformation energy (W), alveograph P (dough tenacity) to L (dough extensibility) ratio (P:L), and dough extensibility (swelling) index (IE). The data were collected from four locations with different climatic conditions, in three consecutive years. The evaluation of the cultivar stability was made for each index using the statistical software PBSTAT specialised for this purpose. The information from its 16 different parameters is combined into a parameter stab16, by which the cultivars are compared for stability. The indices studied are influenced to varying degrees by the environmental (E) conditions. As a result of a reliable genotype and environment interaction (G × E), the stability ranking of cultivars according to the ranks of each of the parameters was very different. The level of stability of the cultivar in the studied different aspects of its grain quality is related to different levels of the indices. For the IE index, many of the studied cultivars are unstable in performance, which excludes its use for stability assessment. A limited number of cultivars combine a high and stable quality in different environmental conditions (c6 and c7). The W and P:L indices can be used independently to evaluate the stability of the cultivar as an additional characteristic of its quality. The estimation of cultivar stability by averaging the ranks of parameters (stab16) proved to be an effective approach due to its proven high and positive correlations with most of the 16 parameters. The applied analogical approach for the simultaneous assessment of quality stability does not provide correct information for the individual cultivar due to a significant discrepancy when comparing the information from each of the three indices.
{"title":"Environmental influence on grain quality stability of common wheat cultivars","authors":"N. Tsenov, T. Gubatov, I. Yanchev","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.007","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to determine the stability of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars according to the quality indices: deformation energy (W), alveograph P (dough tenacity) to L (dough extensibility) ratio (P:L), and dough extensibility (swelling) index (IE). The data were collected from four locations with different climatic conditions, in three consecutive years. The evaluation of the cultivar stability was made for each index using the statistical software PBSTAT specialised for this purpose. The information from its 16 different parameters is combined into a parameter stab16, by which the cultivars are compared for stability. The indices studied are influenced to varying degrees by the environmental (E) conditions. As a result of a reliable genotype and environment interaction (G × E), the stability ranking of cultivars according to the ranks of each of the parameters was very different. The level of stability of the cultivar in the studied different aspects of its grain quality is related to different levels of the indices. For the IE index, many of the studied cultivars are unstable in performance, which excludes its use for stability assessment. A limited number of cultivars combine a high and stable quality in different environmental conditions (c6 and c7). The W and P:L indices can be used independently to evaluate the stability of the cultivar as an additional characteristic of its quality. The estimation of cultivar stability by averaging the ranks of parameters (stab16) proved to be an effective approach due to its proven high and positive correlations with most of the 16 parameters. The applied analogical approach for the simultaneous assessment of quality stability does not provide correct information for the individual cultivar due to a significant discrepancy when comparing the information from each of the three indices.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74670699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.004
Ra Gorski, A. Płaza
The objective of the study was to determine the influence of component share in a mixture and the harvest date on heavy metal content in field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and spring triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) mixtures grown to produce animal feed. Two experimental factors were analysed: factor A – component proportion in the mixture: field pea 100%, spring triticale 100%, field pea 75% + spring triticale 25%, field pea 50% + spring triticale 50%, and field pea 25% + spring triticale 75%; factor B – harvest date: field pea flowering stage and flat green pod stage. Samples of plant material were taken to determine the content of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni. The results showed that among experimental mixtures, the most beneficial chemical composition was given by the mixed crops containing 75 + 25% and 50 + 50% of field pea and spring triticale, respectively. Cadmium and lead content in field pea and spring triticale mixtures remained below the detectability threshold of an emission spectrometer Perkin Elmer Optima 8300. Even if the green matter produced from the examined field pea and spring triticale mixtures is safe for animal, continuous monitoring for heavy metals is recommended.
{"title":"Heavy metal content in green matter of field pea and spring triticale mixtures and their usage determination as green fodder for animals","authors":"Ra Gorski, A. Płaza","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.004","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was to determine the influence of component share in a mixture and the harvest date on heavy metal content in field pea ( Pisum sativum L.) and spring triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.) mixtures grown to produce animal feed. Two experimental factors were analysed: factor A – component proportion in the mixture: field pea 100%, spring triticale 100%, field pea 75% + spring triticale 25%, field pea 50% + spring triticale 50%, and field pea 25% + spring triticale 75%; factor B – harvest date: field pea flowering stage and flat green pod stage. Samples of plant material were taken to determine the content of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ni. The results showed that among experimental mixtures, the most beneficial chemical composition was given by the mixed crops containing 75 + 25% and 50 + 50% of field pea and spring triticale, respectively. Cadmium and lead content in field pea and spring triticale mixtures remained below the detectability threshold of an emission spectrometer Perkin Elmer Optima 8300. Even if the green matter produced from the examined field pea and spring triticale mixtures is safe for animal, continuous monitoring for heavy metals is recommended.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90245727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.011
D. Vaitiekūnaitė, G. Striganavičiūtė, Emilija Beniušytė, Vaida Sirghedaitė-Šėžienė, Milana Augustauskaitė
In Europe, pathogens such as Heterobasidion annosum , Hymenoscyphus fraxineus , Lophodermium seditiosum , and Phellinus tremulae cause extensive tree loss. Microorganisms used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) can be an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides and thus help control pathogen growth and spread in a sustainable manner. Six fungi: Byssochlamys spectabilis , Talaromyces amestolkiae , Aspergillus salwaensis , Neocucurbitaria quercina , Meyerozyma guilliermondii , and Microstroma bacarum , were isolated from pedunculate English oak ( Quercus robur L.), and together with bacteria Bacillus aryabhattai , Pseudomonas azotoformans , and Pseudomonas paralactis , as well as two strains of Pantoea agglomerans were tested in dual culture assays for their antagonism against these pathogens. Additionally, their abilities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, solubilise potassium, organic and inorganic phosphates were determined. All the isolates produced IAA and solubilised phosphates. Only T. amestolkiae solubilised potassium, but this fungus and M. guilliermondii could not produce siderophores. M. guilliermondii , Pseudomonas spp., and Pantoea spp. expressed broad-spectrum antagonism. P. azotoformans showed the highest inhibition of P. tremulae (57.5%) and L. seditiosum (68.4%), B. spectabilis of H. fraxineus (59.8%), and M. guilliermondii of H. annosum (45.7%). Overall, these results will facilitate extensive BCA research for these forest pathogens and the potential BCA commercialisation and will promote sustainable forestry practices.
{"title":"Putative biocontrol agents for European forest pathogens found in English oak (Quercus robur L.) endosphere","authors":"D. Vaitiekūnaitė, G. Striganavičiūtė, Emilija Beniušytė, Vaida Sirghedaitė-Šėžienė, Milana Augustauskaitė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.011","url":null,"abstract":"In Europe, pathogens such as Heterobasidion annosum , Hymenoscyphus fraxineus , Lophodermium seditiosum , and Phellinus tremulae cause extensive tree loss. Microorganisms used as biocontrol agents (BCAs) can be an eco-friendly alternative to chemical fungicides and thus help control pathogen growth and spread in a sustainable manner. Six fungi: Byssochlamys spectabilis , Talaromyces amestolkiae , Aspergillus salwaensis , Neocucurbitaria quercina , Meyerozyma guilliermondii , and Microstroma bacarum , were isolated from pedunculate English oak ( Quercus robur L.), and together with bacteria Bacillus aryabhattai , Pseudomonas azotoformans , and Pseudomonas paralactis , as well as two strains of Pantoea agglomerans were tested in dual culture assays for their antagonism against these pathogens. Additionally, their abilities to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), siderophores, solubilise potassium, organic and inorganic phosphates were determined. All the isolates produced IAA and solubilised phosphates. Only T. amestolkiae solubilised potassium, but this fungus and M. guilliermondii could not produce siderophores. M. guilliermondii , Pseudomonas spp., and Pantoea spp. expressed broad-spectrum antagonism. P. azotoformans showed the highest inhibition of P. tremulae (57.5%) and L. seditiosum (68.4%), B. spectabilis of H. fraxineus (59.8%), and M. guilliermondii of H. annosum (45.7%). Overall, these results will facilitate extensive BCA research for these forest pathogens and the potential BCA commercialisation and will promote sustainable forestry practices.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87907450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.001
Ayoub Allam, Mohamed Zouidi, A. Kefifa, A. H. Borsali, Sid Ahmed Aouadj, Samira Negrichi, A. Farnet da Silva, C. Rébufa
The development of agriculture to the detriment of the forest is one of the strongest pressures, essentially anthropogenic. The particularity of this study was that the traditional agricultural practice used was low intensity agriculture (fallow period) since the first conversion. The experiment was conducted in the Keroua forest, Saïda Province, north-western Algeria. Soil samples from two experimental areas were collected at depths ranging from 0 to 10 cm. The findings came from the statistical analysis of the data, some of which revealed the sensitivity of this ecosystem. The conversion of the forest soil to agricultural land increased the alkalinity of the soil (pH H2O increased by 0.16 units), and the acidification of the soil with a significant decrease in pH KCl values (by 0.24 units). Moreover, the organic matter content in the converted soil decreased by more than 50%, while the physical characteristics changed slightly with a decrease in moisture content and water holding capacity and an increase in bulk and real density. Meanwhile, the permeability and total porosity did not change in the two areas. For biological properties, basal respiration and microbial biomass decreased by more than 45% in the converted soil compared to the forest soil.
{"title":"Changes in soil physico-chemical and biological quality after two decades of forest soil conversion to agricultural land","authors":"Ayoub Allam, Mohamed Zouidi, A. Kefifa, A. H. Borsali, Sid Ahmed Aouadj, Samira Negrichi, A. Farnet da Silva, C. Rébufa","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.001","url":null,"abstract":"The development of agriculture to the detriment of the forest is one of the strongest pressures, essentially anthropogenic. The particularity of this study was that the traditional agricultural practice used was low intensity agriculture (fallow period) since the first conversion. The experiment was conducted in the Keroua forest, Saïda Province, north-western Algeria. Soil samples from two experimental areas were collected at depths ranging from 0 to 10 cm. The findings came from the statistical analysis of the data, some of which revealed the sensitivity of this ecosystem. The conversion of the forest soil to agricultural land increased the alkalinity of the soil (pH H2O increased by 0.16 units), and the acidification of the soil with a significant decrease in pH KCl values (by 0.24 units). Moreover, the organic matter content in the converted soil decreased by more than 50%, while the physical characteristics changed slightly with a decrease in moisture content and water holding capacity and an increase in bulk and real density. Meanwhile, the permeability and total porosity did not change in the two areas. For biological properties, basal respiration and microbial biomass decreased by more than 45% in the converted soil compared to the forest soil.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"35 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83384959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.006
S. Temel, B. Keski̇n, Selma Çakmakçi
Goat’s wheat manna ( Atraphaxis spinosa L.), which naturally spreads in arid and unproductive areas (Iğdır-Aralık Province) in the Northeast of Türkiye, is an important species in erosion control and feeding of grazing animals. For this reason, it is of great importance to know the seed viability and dormancy-breaking methods of A. spinosa to bring into production the marginal areas where very few species grow. A. spinosa seeds collected at the wind erosion site were germinated for 28 days at 10, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, 20/15 25/10, and 25/15 °C in dark conditions, and the mean germination time of the seeds, total and normal germination rates have been determined. As a result of the experiment, the highest normal (21%) and total (27%) germination rates were determined at 25/10°C and 25/15°C, respectively, and these results showed a high dormancy of seeds. To eliminate the germination problem, 34 different pre-treatments were applied at different application times and levels of 12 dormancy-breaking methods: (1) matrix-priming, (2) hydro-priming, (3) gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), (4) potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), (5) chemical (sulphuric acid, H 2 SO 4 ) scarification, (6) mechanical scarification, (7) warm stratification, (8) cold stratification, (9) warm + cold stratification, (10) cold + warm stratification, (11) soaking in cold water, and (12) soaking in hot water. Afterwards, seed germination characteristics were determined at temperatures where the highest germination (25/10°C and 25/15°C) was achieved. The highest normal (94.6%) and total (100%) germination rates and the fastest germination time (1.0–4.1 days) were obtained from the seeds incubated at 25/15°C after cold stratification (4 weeks) and cold + warm stratification (3 weeks cold + 1 week warm).
{"title":"Effect of different dormancy-breaking methods on seed germination and vigour of Atraphaxis spinosa","authors":"S. Temel, B. Keski̇n, Selma Çakmakçi","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.006","url":null,"abstract":"Goat’s wheat manna ( Atraphaxis spinosa L.), which naturally spreads in arid and unproductive areas (Iğdır-Aralık Province) in the Northeast of Türkiye, is an important species in erosion control and feeding of grazing animals. For this reason, it is of great importance to know the seed viability and dormancy-breaking methods of A. spinosa to bring into production the marginal areas where very few species grow. A. spinosa seeds collected at the wind erosion site were germinated for 28 days at 10, 15, 20, 25, 20/10, 20/15 25/10, and 25/15 °C in dark conditions, and the mean germination time of the seeds, total and normal germination rates have been determined. As a result of the experiment, the highest normal (21%) and total (27%) germination rates were determined at 25/10°C and 25/15°C, respectively, and these results showed a high dormancy of seeds. To eliminate the germination problem, 34 different pre-treatments were applied at different application times and levels of 12 dormancy-breaking methods: (1) matrix-priming, (2) hydro-priming, (3) gibberellic acid (GA 3 ), (4) potassium nitrate (KNO 3 ), (5) chemical (sulphuric acid, H 2 SO 4 ) scarification, (6) mechanical scarification, (7) warm stratification, (8) cold stratification, (9) warm + cold stratification, (10) cold + warm stratification, (11) soaking in cold water, and (12) soaking in hot water. Afterwards, seed germination characteristics were determined at temperatures where the highest germination (25/10°C and 25/15°C) was achieved. The highest normal (94.6%) and total (100%) germination rates and the fastest germination time (1.0–4.1 days) were obtained from the seeds incubated at 25/15°C after cold stratification (4 weeks) and cold + warm stratification (3 weeks cold + 1 week warm).","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80194796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.005
R. Chipilski, I. Moskova, A. Pencheva, K. Kocheva
Maize ( Zea mays L.) plants were treated with synthetic cytokinins – 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 6-furfurylaminopurine, or kinetin (KIN) – during the grain filling stage in a field experiment performed in 2020 in Sadovo, central Bulgaria. The objective was to study their effect on plant productivity and seedling viability of maize after cold storage. The morpho-physiological parameters of the leaves assessed 15 days after cytokinin priming showed an increase in biosynthetic processes compared to control plants. Analysis of yield parameters at harvesting revealed improved productivity of cytokinin-treated plants, which was evidenced as 10 mg L −1 KIN, and BAP priming resulted in, respectively, 18% and 16% higher grain mass compared to untreated plants (control). The produced seeds were exposed to cold storage (−18°C) for 12 months and afterwards physiological parameters of 5-day-old seedlings were measured to evaluate exogenous cytokinins’ impact upon stress alleviation. The seedlings developed from cytokinin-treated plants accumulated significantly lower amounts of oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) after cold storage. In a laboratory experiment, maize seeds were subjected to artificially induced senescence (AIS) test for 72 h at 41°C temperature and were subsequently soaked in cytokinin solutions. Cytokinins had a positive effect on both physiological parameters of seedlings of field-grown plants after cold storage and improved the performance of seedlings after AIS test through increased oxidative stress protection and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification.
{"title":"Enhancement of maize seed viability after cold storage and induced senescence by priming with synthetic cytokinins","authors":"R. Chipilski, I. Moskova, A. Pencheva, K. Kocheva","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.005","url":null,"abstract":"Maize ( Zea mays L.) plants were treated with synthetic cytokinins – 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 6-furfurylaminopurine, or kinetin (KIN) – during the grain filling stage in a field experiment performed in 2020 in Sadovo, central Bulgaria. The objective was to study their effect on plant productivity and seedling viability of maize after cold storage. The morpho-physiological parameters of the leaves assessed 15 days after cytokinin priming showed an increase in biosynthetic processes compared to control plants. Analysis of yield parameters at harvesting revealed improved productivity of cytokinin-treated plants, which was evidenced as 10 mg L −1 KIN, and BAP priming resulted in, respectively, 18% and 16% higher grain mass compared to untreated plants (control). The produced seeds were exposed to cold storage (−18°C) for 12 months and afterwards physiological parameters of 5-day-old seedlings were measured to evaluate exogenous cytokinins’ impact upon stress alleviation. The seedlings developed from cytokinin-treated plants accumulated significantly lower amounts of oxidative stress markers (hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) after cold storage. In a laboratory experiment, maize seeds were subjected to artificially induced senescence (AIS) test for 72 h at 41°C temperature and were subsequently soaked in cytokinin solutions. Cytokinins had a positive effect on both physiological parameters of seedlings of field-grown plants after cold storage and improved the performance of seedlings after AIS test through increased oxidative stress protection and enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87459620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.012
S. Hadian, S. Supronienė
Artemisia L. (mugwort) plants are known for their diverse bioactive compounds with different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and allelopathic properties. Additionally, endophytic bacteria have been found to provide various benefits to host plants including enhancing nutrient uptake, modulating growth and stress-related phytohormones, and targeting pests and pathogens. While there have been numerous research reports on the phytochemical components and biological activity of Artemisia plant extracts, little is known about the functional diversity of isolated endophytic bacteria from various Artemisia species. The aim of this review was to reveal the potential of Artemisia plant extracts and endophytic bacteria with a positive impact on agricultural plant productivity. The present review has emphasised the significant potential of utilising plant extracts and endophytic bacteria associated with Artemisia spp. to enhance plant growth and increase crop productivity. Through further research and development, this approach could be deemed as a valuable contribution to sustainable agriculture practices by decreasing the dependence on synthetic inputs such as chemical fertilisers and pesticides.
{"title":"The potential of Artemisia spp. plant extracts and endophytic bacteria to increase plant productivity: A review","authors":"S. Hadian, S. Supronienė","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.012","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia L. (mugwort) plants are known for their diverse bioactive compounds with different biological activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, and allelopathic properties. Additionally, endophytic bacteria have been found to provide various benefits to host plants including enhancing nutrient uptake, modulating growth and stress-related phytohormones, and targeting pests and pathogens. While there have been numerous research reports on the phytochemical components and biological activity of Artemisia plant extracts, little is known about the functional diversity of isolated endophytic bacteria from various Artemisia species. The aim of this review was to reveal the potential of Artemisia plant extracts and endophytic bacteria with a positive impact on agricultural plant productivity. The present review has emphasised the significant potential of utilising plant extracts and endophytic bacteria associated with Artemisia spp. to enhance plant growth and increase crop productivity. Through further research and development, this approach could be deemed as a valuable contribution to sustainable agriculture practices by decreasing the dependence on synthetic inputs such as chemical fertilisers and pesticides.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83992696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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