Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.008
Servet Aras, H. Keles, Erhan Bozkurt
Rootstocks tolerant to iron (Fe) deficiency can be used to cope with Fe chlorosis damage. In the experiment, two peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) rootstocks Garnem and GF 677 grown under Fe deficiency conditions were compared. Plants were subjected to Fe deficiency for three months, and some leaf physiological and histological responses were assessed. The relative growth rate of scion diameter and the root to shoot dry weight ratio decreased in both rootstocks. Leaf malondialdehyde content increased in rootstocks Garnem and GF 677 by 22% and 15%, respectively. In leaves, total phenolic content decreased in both rootstocks. Leaf chlorophyll and chlorophyll precursor concentrations decreased under Fe deficiency. Midrib and xylem thickness, xylem conduit width and number of xylem conduits decreased because of Fe deficiency, and the decreases in the parameters were found higher in rootstocks Garnem. Iron triggered leaf cell division, but cell expansion could not occur due to the lack of Fe. The results of the experiment demonstrated that Fe is a prerequisite for chlorophyll biosynthesis and leaf cell expansion, and GF 677 is a more tolerant rootstock to Fe deficiency compared to Garnem and can be used in peach orchards subjected to Fe deficiency conditions.
{"title":"Iron deficiency impacts chlorophyll biosynthesis, leaf cell expansion, xylem development and physiology of Prunus persica grafted onto rootstocks Garnem and GF 677","authors":"Servet Aras, H. Keles, Erhan Bozkurt","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.008","url":null,"abstract":"Rootstocks tolerant to iron (Fe) deficiency can be used to cope with Fe chlorosis damage. In the experiment, two peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) rootstocks Garnem and GF 677 grown under Fe deficiency conditions were compared. Plants were subjected to Fe deficiency for three months, and some leaf physiological and histological responses were assessed. The relative growth rate of scion diameter and the root to shoot dry weight ratio decreased in both rootstocks. Leaf malondialdehyde content increased in rootstocks Garnem and GF 677 by 22% and 15%, respectively. In leaves, total phenolic content decreased in both rootstocks. Leaf chlorophyll and chlorophyll precursor concentrations decreased under Fe deficiency. Midrib and xylem thickness, xylem conduit width and number of xylem conduits decreased because of Fe deficiency, and the decreases in the parameters were found higher in rootstocks Garnem. Iron triggered leaf cell division, but cell expansion could not occur due to the lack of Fe. The results of the experiment demonstrated that Fe is a prerequisite for chlorophyll biosynthesis and leaf cell expansion, and GF 677 is a more tolerant rootstock to Fe deficiency compared to Garnem and can be used in peach orchards subjected to Fe deficiency conditions.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91384549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.011
I. Müller, Jutta C. Kesselring, V. Vrotniakienė, J. Jatkauskas
The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant to whole-plant maize at ensiling on the quality, aerobic stability of the silage as well as the intake, milk production and milk composition of Lithuanian black and white dairy cows fed inoculated or not inoculated maize silage diets. The inoculant contained Lactobacillus plantarum , L. brevis and L. kefiri as well as carrier inulin. Maize was ensiled in two silo trenches with or without the inoculant. Chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on a representative sample of the 5 replicates for each control and inoculated silage at day 92 of storage. At day 92 of ensiling, the silage was exposed to air to determine the aerobic stability. Inoculation caused a reduction in pH value, increased lactate and propionate concentrations and decreased ammonia nitrogen, ethanol and butyrate concentrations. Yeast and mould contamination was reduced in the inoculated silage, which led to an increased aerobic stability compared to the not inoculated one. The inoculated silage had a higher energy concentration, and cows fed on it produced higher fat and energy corrected milk yield from day 69 until end of the experiment (day 92). Milk from cows fed the inoculated silage had a higher fat percentage, similar contents of protein and a lower number of somatic cell counts compared with that from cows fed control. Feed efficiency was improved in cows fed the inoculant treated silage compared to the conventionally produced silage.
{"title":"Inoculation of whole-plant maize with viable lactic acid bacteria: effects on silage fermentation, aerobic stability and performance of dairy cows","authors":"I. Müller, Jutta C. Kesselring, V. Vrotniakienė, J. Jatkauskas","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.011","url":null,"abstract":"The study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of a lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant to whole-plant maize at ensiling on the quality, aerobic stability of the silage as well as the intake, milk production and milk composition of Lithuanian black and white dairy cows fed inoculated or not inoculated maize silage diets. The inoculant contained Lactobacillus plantarum , L. brevis and L. kefiri as well as carrier inulin. Maize was ensiled in two silo trenches with or without the inoculant. Chemical and microbiological analyses were carried out on a representative sample of the 5 replicates for each control and inoculated silage at day 92 of storage. At day 92 of ensiling, the silage was exposed to air to determine the aerobic stability. Inoculation caused a reduction in pH value, increased lactate and propionate concentrations and decreased ammonia nitrogen, ethanol and butyrate concentrations. Yeast and mould contamination was reduced in the inoculated silage, which led to an increased aerobic stability compared to the not inoculated one. The inoculated silage had a higher energy concentration, and cows fed on it produced higher fat and energy corrected milk yield from day 69 until end of the experiment (day 92). Milk from cows fed the inoculated silage had a higher fat percentage, similar contents of protein and a lower number of somatic cell counts compared with that from cows fed control. Feed efficiency was improved in cows fed the inoculant treated silage compared to the conventionally produced silage.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87522580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.007
Ljudmila Loshyna, Оlga Bulko, M. Kuchuk
Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) are well known throughout the world due to their nutritional and medicinal importance. Obtaining regenerants is an important stage for the application of cell technologies in plant growing, plant breeding, and genetic engineering. The objective of this study was to determine the best regeneration pathways for understudied blackberry and raspberry cultivars. Adventitious shoot regeneration of thornless blackberry cultivars ‘Smoothstem’, ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Karaka Black’, and raspberry cultivars ‘Glen Ample’, ‘Gusar’ and ‘Maria’ has been studied depending on the cultivar, type explant, hormonal composition of nutritional medium, and LED lighting. To induce adventitious shoot bud formation, three types of explants: leaves, internodes, and roots obtained from in vitro plants, were cultured in a growth chamber on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. In most cases, regeneration became visible after three weeks of cultivation. Blackberry cultivar ‘Smoothstem’ showed the best results and regenerated at a maximum rate of 73.3% on leaf blades and stem segments on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ. The best shoot proliferation rates of raspberries (65.5%) were observed in the ‘Glen Ample’ on root segments at MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The blackberry and raspberry explants were exposed under LED lighting with a ratio of quanta red (R) to blue (B) light at 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:4 and 4:1, monochrome red (650–670 nm) and monochrome blue (440–460 nm), and recorded regeneration. Efficient regeneration percentage (>80%) was obtained by the incubation of raspberry and blackberry explants under illumination with a ratio of red to blue spectrum: R2:B1 and R1:B1. Monochrome blue and red light inhibited shoot growth. The obtained results indicate that certain combinations of spectra LED lighting enhances plant morphogenesis. The regeneration system described here will be useful for developing a gene transfer system and can be efficient for selected raspberries and blackberries cultivars.
{"title":"Adventitious regeneration of blackberry and raspberry shoots and the assessment of the LED-lighting impact","authors":"Ljudmila Loshyna, Оlga Bulko, M. Kuchuk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.007","url":null,"abstract":"Blackberry (Rubus fruticosus L.) and raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) are well known throughout the world due to their nutritional and medicinal importance. Obtaining regenerants is an important stage for the application of cell technologies in plant growing, plant breeding, and genetic engineering. The objective of this study was to determine the best regeneration pathways for understudied blackberry and raspberry cultivars. Adventitious shoot regeneration of thornless blackberry cultivars ‘Smoothstem’, ‘Triple Crown’ and ‘Karaka Black’, and raspberry cultivars ‘Glen Ample’, ‘Gusar’ and ‘Maria’ has been studied depending on the cultivar, type explant, hormonal composition of nutritional medium, and LED lighting. To induce adventitious shoot bud formation, three types of explants: leaves, internodes, and roots obtained from in vitro plants, were cultured in a growth chamber on MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of plant growth regulators. In most cases, regeneration became visible after three weeks of cultivation. Blackberry cultivar ‘Smoothstem’ showed the best results and regenerated at a maximum rate of 73.3% on leaf blades and stem segments on MS supplemented with 2.0 mg L-1 TDZ. The best shoot proliferation rates of raspberries (65.5%) were observed in the ‘Glen Ample’ on root segments at MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L-1 ZEA. The blackberry and raspberry explants were exposed under LED lighting with a ratio of quanta red (R) to blue (B) light at 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, 1:4 and 4:1, monochrome red (650–670 nm) and monochrome blue (440–460 nm), and recorded regeneration. Efficient regeneration percentage (>80%) was obtained by the incubation of raspberry and blackberry explants under illumination with a ratio of red to blue spectrum: R2:B1 and R1:B1. Monochrome blue and red light inhibited shoot growth. The obtained results indicate that certain combinations of spectra LED lighting enhances plant morphogenesis. The regeneration system described here will be useful for developing a gene transfer system and can be efficient for selected raspberries and blackberries cultivars.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87359121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.012
V. Tamutis, V. Sruoga, L. Česonienė, R. Daubaras
The citrus flower moth ( Prays citri (Millière, 1873)) feeding on calamondin ( Citrus × macrocarpa ) in greenhouses in Lithuania were found on 20 April 2021. Based on a comprehensive analysis of morphological features of the moths, they were identified as Prays citri (Millière, 1873) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae). A small population of moths successfully survived in the unheated greenhouse till November. This species is one of the most harmful pests of citrus plants and can cause substantial economic losses in the Mediterranean basin and some tropical areas of the world. However, it has been detected in some central and even northern European countries in the last two decades. The article provides information about the first appearance of P. citri in Lithuania. Additionally, the paper includes a detailed and originally illustrated morphological description based on the collected specimens and a brief review of species distribution, biology, and the possible risk of this pest spreading in the country.
{"title":"The first appearance of the citrus flower moth (Prays citri(Millière, 1873)) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae) in Lithuania","authors":"V. Tamutis, V. Sruoga, L. Česonienė, R. Daubaras","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.012","url":null,"abstract":"The citrus flower moth ( Prays citri (Millière, 1873)) feeding on calamondin ( Citrus × macrocarpa ) in greenhouses in Lithuania were found on 20 April 2021. Based on a comprehensive analysis of morphological features of the moths, they were identified as Prays citri (Millière, 1873) (Lepidoptera: Praydidae). A small population of moths successfully survived in the unheated greenhouse till November. This species is one of the most harmful pests of citrus plants and can cause substantial economic losses in the Mediterranean basin and some tropical areas of the world. However, it has been detected in some central and even northern European countries in the last two decades. The article provides information about the first appearance of P. citri in Lithuania. Additionally, the paper includes a detailed and originally illustrated morphological description based on the collected specimens and a brief review of species distribution, biology, and the possible risk of this pest spreading in the country.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"142 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88865880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.010
I. Pánková, V. Krejzar
The aim of this study was to find out whether causal agents of bacterial canker and the premature death of apricot trees are present in the internal tissues of propagating material of various origins. In total, 33 samples of apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) scion materials from eight and six samples of rootstocks from four European localities were analysed for the presence of the pathogenic Pseudomonas species. Significant differences were found in the diversity of the culturable bacterial population and the incidence of Pseudomonas bacteria in internal tissues of scion and rootstock buds. In most of the rootstocks, no Pseudomonas bacteria were detected. A total of 148 Pseudomonas -like strains isolated from scion samples were collected mainly from localities F1–F5 (in France) and G1–G2 (in Germany). These strains were clustered into 11 groups by means of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis; 91.9% of them were able to induce a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves and 37.8% were positive in ice nucleation activity. A set of 89 Pseudomonas strains was characterised by means of Psy -PCR targeting of the Pseudomonas syringae ( Ps ) complex, complex phylogroup (PG), syrB -PCR targeting of the syringomycin synthesis, pathogenicity on detached apricot twigs, and the ability to survive within epiphytic microflora. Pseudomonas strains attributed to PG01, PG04, and PG07–08 were slightly pathogenic to detached apricot twigs. Altogether, 5% of Pseudomonas strains highly pathogenic to detached apricot twigs were isolated from apricot scion samples originated in localities F2, F5, and G1. These strains were attributed to PG02 and PG03, and rpoD sequencing confirmed a similarity to strains of P. syringae pv. syringae and P. amygdali pv. morsprunorum known to be pathogenic to apricot, respectively. The occurrence of these pathogens in buds of scion materials increases the risk of bacterial canker and the premature death of young apricot trees.
{"title":"Bacterial canker pathogens present in the materials of Prunus armeniaca propagation","authors":"I. Pánková, V. Krejzar","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.010","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to find out whether causal agents of bacterial canker and the premature death of apricot trees are present in the internal tissues of propagating material of various origins. In total, 33 samples of apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.) scion materials from eight and six samples of rootstocks from four European localities were analysed for the presence of the pathogenic Pseudomonas species. Significant differences were found in the diversity of the culturable bacterial population and the incidence of Pseudomonas bacteria in internal tissues of scion and rootstock buds. In most of the rootstocks, no Pseudomonas bacteria were detected. A total of 148 Pseudomonas -like strains isolated from scion samples were collected mainly from localities F1–F5 (in France) and G1–G2 (in Germany). These strains were clustered into 11 groups by means of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) analysis; 91.9% of them were able to induce a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco leaves and 37.8% were positive in ice nucleation activity. A set of 89 Pseudomonas strains was characterised by means of Psy -PCR targeting of the Pseudomonas syringae ( Ps ) complex, complex phylogroup (PG), syrB -PCR targeting of the syringomycin synthesis, pathogenicity on detached apricot twigs, and the ability to survive within epiphytic microflora. Pseudomonas strains attributed to PG01, PG04, and PG07–08 were slightly pathogenic to detached apricot twigs. Altogether, 5% of Pseudomonas strains highly pathogenic to detached apricot twigs were isolated from apricot scion samples originated in localities F2, F5, and G1. These strains were attributed to PG02 and PG03, and rpoD sequencing confirmed a similarity to strains of P. syringae pv. syringae and P. amygdali pv. morsprunorum known to be pathogenic to apricot, respectively. The occurrence of these pathogens in buds of scion materials increases the risk of bacterial canker and the premature death of young apricot trees.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79970685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.009
L. Zorić, N. Magazin, D. Karanović, Z. Keserović, B. Milić, V. Ognjanov, J. Luković
Knowledge of varieties’ morphological and anatomical characteristics could assist in cultivar selection aimed at higher production, better fruit quality and lower orchard maintenance costs. The aim of the study was to evaluate anatomical characteristics of vascular tissue of shoots, petioles and leaf main veins of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars with a particular emphasis on xylem and vessel hydraulic properties. The results singled out the cultivars with the most desirable combination of anatomical characters in terms of moderate vegetative growth, high yield and good fruit quality (‘Toptaste’ followed by ‘Čačanska lepotica’). A possible application of xylem parameters as preselection criteria in early vegetative period was evaluated, and the link between anatomical properties, tree vigour, cropping potential and fruit quality was discussed. Anatomical traits, especially vessel lumen area, vessel frequency and distribution of vessels in size classes, affect vegetative growth as well as fruit production and quality, since they jointly affect water conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation and drought. Lower shoot vessel lumen values and more numerous small-sized vessels indicated lower vegetative growth, whilst higher vessel lumen values in petiole and lamina induced better lamina photosynthetic tissue water supply, which increased productivity and fruit quality parameters. Obtaining information about the key anatomical traits at early vegetative stage could help breeders to predict the ultimate tree vigour.
{"title":"Anatomical characteristics of Prunus domestica vascular tissue and their implications for selection programmes","authors":"L. Zorić, N. Magazin, D. Karanović, Z. Keserović, B. Milić, V. Ognjanov, J. Luković","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.009","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge of varieties’ morphological and anatomical characteristics could assist in cultivar selection aimed at higher production, better fruit quality and lower orchard maintenance costs. The aim of the study was to evaluate anatomical characteristics of vascular tissue of shoots, petioles and leaf main veins of plum (Prunus domestica L.) cultivars with a particular emphasis on xylem and vessel hydraulic properties. The results singled out the cultivars with the most desirable combination of anatomical characters in terms of moderate vegetative growth, high yield and good fruit quality (‘Toptaste’ followed by ‘Čačanska lepotica’). A possible application of xylem parameters as preselection criteria in early vegetative period was evaluated, and the link between anatomical properties, tree vigour, cropping potential and fruit quality was discussed. Anatomical traits, especially vessel lumen area, vessel frequency and distribution of vessels in size classes, affect vegetative growth as well as fruit production and quality, since they jointly affect water conductivity and vulnerability to cavitation and drought. Lower shoot vessel lumen values and more numerous small-sized vessels indicated lower vegetative growth, whilst higher vessel lumen values in petiole and lamina induced better lamina photosynthetic tissue water supply, which increased productivity and fruit quality parameters. Obtaining information about the key anatomical traits at early vegetative stage could help breeders to predict the ultimate tree vigour.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"153 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78200087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.005
H. Orak, M. Karamać, R. Amarowicz, A. Orak, M. Janiak, Hazım Serkan Tenikecier
The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different Vicia species, which are cultivated in different areas of Turkey, and the diversity between analysed characters were investigated. For this purpose, 9 genotypes from three Vicia species: common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch ( Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Narbon vetch ( Vicia narbonensis L.), were used. The experiment was carried out to determine total phenolic content (TPC), content of individual phenolic compounds, to determine ABTS •+ and DPPH • scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in methanol and acetone extracts of seeds. The TPC of vetch extracts was in range 11.18–30.42 mg GAE g -1 (in methanol extract) and 17.05–59.88 mg GAE g -1 (in acetone extract). Two V. sativa genotypes Cvoe and Cvke stood out among the others with regard to high TPC and antioxidant activity. They also had the highest content of individual hydroxybenzoic acids and flavones. All extracts of V. narbonensis genotypes were characterised by absence of flavones and low TPC and antioxidant activity. GGE biplot analysis revealed the differences of Vicia genotypes based on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The significant correlations among TEAC, FRAP and DPPH • scavenging activity and the content of hydroxybenzoic acids were found in both methanol and acetone extracts ( P < 0.01). The genotypes were divided into three clusters in acetone extract and two clusters in methanol extract with similarity above 60% in each group by a hierarchical cluster analysis. These results demonstrated that the genotypic differences of Vicia species in terms of TPC and antioxidant activity can be a tool for feed technology studies for animal nutrition, animal welfare and meat quality.
{"title":"Variations of genotypes of Vicia species as influenced by seed phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity","authors":"H. Orak, M. Karamać, R. Amarowicz, A. Orak, M. Janiak, Hazım Serkan Tenikecier","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.005","url":null,"abstract":"The phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different Vicia species, which are cultivated in different areas of Turkey, and the diversity between analysed characters were investigated. For this purpose, 9 genotypes from three Vicia species: common vetch ( Vicia sativa L.), Hungarian vetch ( Vicia pannonica Crantz.) and Narbon vetch ( Vicia narbonensis L.), were used. The experiment was carried out to determine total phenolic content (TPC), content of individual phenolic compounds, to determine ABTS •+ and DPPH • scavenging activity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in methanol and acetone extracts of seeds. The TPC of vetch extracts was in range 11.18–30.42 mg GAE g -1 (in methanol extract) and 17.05–59.88 mg GAE g -1 (in acetone extract). Two V. sativa genotypes Cvoe and Cvke stood out among the others with regard to high TPC and antioxidant activity. They also had the highest content of individual hydroxybenzoic acids and flavones. All extracts of V. narbonensis genotypes were characterised by absence of flavones and low TPC and antioxidant activity. GGE biplot analysis revealed the differences of Vicia genotypes based on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The significant correlations among TEAC, FRAP and DPPH • scavenging activity and the content of hydroxybenzoic acids were found in both methanol and acetone extracts ( P < 0.01). The genotypes were divided into three clusters in acetone extract and two clusters in methanol extract with similarity above 60% in each group by a hierarchical cluster analysis. These results demonstrated that the genotypic differences of Vicia species in terms of TPC and antioxidant activity can be a tool for feed technology studies for animal nutrition, animal welfare and meat quality.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88580854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-30DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.004
D. Radić, Vera Karličić, Jelena S. Đorđević, Jelena Jovičić-Petrović, I. Kljujev, B. Lalević, V. Raičević
A large number of soil microorganisms are characterized as plant growth promoting, but there seems to be a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding plant growth promoting soil yeasts. The aim of the experiment was to analyse the properties of three yeast species: Schwanniomyces occidentalis BK0302D, Cyberlindnera saturnus CK2404I and Candida tropicalis 2TD2912B, important for plant growth (ammonium sulphate transformation, phosphorus, potassium and zinc dissolution), and to evaluate the effect of yeast on the growth of common wheat and white mustard seedlings after seeds’ inoculation. Common wheat and white mustard seeds were inoculated with the selected yeasts. The final measurements showed that the highest amount of nitrate (10.40 μg mL-1 NO3 −) was produced by C. saturnus CK2404I, while S. occidentalis BK0302D solubilized the largest amount of phosphorus (63.70 μg mL-1 P). All three strains are marked as potassium and zinc solubilizers with both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. This is the first report on S. occidentalis and C. tropicalis ability to solubilize insoluble potassium and zinc, and C. saturnus ability to solubilize insoluble phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Also, C. tropicalis 2TD2912B exhibited high antagonistic activity (66% growth inhibition) toward Botrytis cinerea. In vivo trial was conducted in a low-nutrient substrate, and S. occidentalis BK0302D was found to have the most considerable influence on common wheat biomass production (34% increase). White mustard inoculation with C. saturnus CK2404I resulted in a 4-fold higher biomass production, while S. occidentalis BK0302D induced a 2-fold increase. The presented results confirmed the multi-functional plant growth promoting characteristics of the tested yeasts and their potential for broad application from conventional agriculture on low-nutrient soils to revegetation of disturbed substrates.
{"title":"Soil yeasts promoting plant growth: benefits for the development of common wheat and white mustard","authors":"D. Radić, Vera Karličić, Jelena S. Đorđević, Jelena Jovičić-Petrović, I. Kljujev, B. Lalević, V. Raičević","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.004","url":null,"abstract":"A large number of soil microorganisms are characterized as plant growth promoting, but there seems to be a lack of comprehensive knowledge regarding plant growth promoting soil yeasts. The aim of the experiment was to analyse the properties of three yeast species: Schwanniomyces occidentalis BK0302D, Cyberlindnera saturnus CK2404I and Candida tropicalis 2TD2912B, important for plant growth (ammonium sulphate transformation, phosphorus, potassium and zinc dissolution), and to evaluate the effect of yeast on the growth of common wheat and white mustard seedlings after seeds’ inoculation. Common wheat and white mustard seeds were inoculated with the selected yeasts. The final measurements showed that the highest amount of nitrate (10.40 μg mL-1 NO3 −) was produced by C. saturnus CK2404I, while S. occidentalis BK0302D solubilized the largest amount of phosphorus (63.70 μg mL-1 P). All three strains are marked as potassium and zinc solubilizers with both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. This is the first report on S. occidentalis and C. tropicalis ability to solubilize insoluble potassium and zinc, and C. saturnus ability to solubilize insoluble phosphorus, potassium and zinc. Also, C. tropicalis 2TD2912B exhibited high antagonistic activity (66% growth inhibition) toward Botrytis cinerea. In vivo trial was conducted in a low-nutrient substrate, and S. occidentalis BK0302D was found to have the most considerable influence on common wheat biomass production (34% increase). White mustard inoculation with C. saturnus CK2404I resulted in a 4-fold higher biomass production, while S. occidentalis BK0302D induced a 2-fold increase. The presented results confirmed the multi-functional plant growth promoting characteristics of the tested yeasts and their potential for broad application from conventional agriculture on low-nutrient soils to revegetation of disturbed substrates.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74728419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-20DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2022.109.003
Iryna V. Kosakivska, Lesya V. Voytenko, Valentyna A. Vasyuk, Mykola M. Shcherbatiuk
Pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous phytohormones affects plant growth, development and resistance. However, it remains unclear, whether the effect of exogenous hormones on growth is direct, or whether it is associated with changes in the level and distribution of endogenous hormones. The dynamics and distribution of endogenous abscisic (ABA), indole-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellic (GA3) and salicylic (SA) acids in spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L., ‘Frankenkorn’) plants grown from seeds primed with ABA (10-6 M) were analysed. Fourteenday-old, water-germinated and ABA-primed plants that had been exposed to a heat stress (2 h at +40°C) and 21-day-old plants after recovery were studied. Endogenous ABA, IAA, GA3 and SA were found to dominate in shoots of 14-day-old plants. On the 21st day, the pattern of distribution of all phytohormones, except GA3, remained unchanged. However, most of the endogenous GA3 was transferred to the roots. Pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous ABA induced changes in the balance of endogenous hormones. In shoots and roots of 14-day-old water-germinated, heat-stressed plants, accumulation of endogenous ABA and SA was enhanced, and the content endogenous of IAA and GA3 decreased. In the recovery period, the amount of SA in 21-day-old plants increased, and the ABA content was reduced; endogenous GA3 and IAA accumulated in the roots. In 14-day-old, exogenous ABA-primed plants, after heat stress maximal concentrations of endogenous ABA were recorded in shoots (46.8 ± 2.3 ng g-1 FW) and roots (32.3 ± 1.6 ng g-1 FW). In roots of 14-day-old exogenous ABA-primed, unstressed plants, the content of endogenous IAA reached a maximum (53.9 ± 2.7 ng g-1 FW). The maximum concentration (39.7 ± 2.0 ng g-1 FW) of endogenous GA3 was recorded on the 21 st day after recovery in roots of exogenous ABA-primed plants. The SA content in shoots and roots of exogenous ABA-primed, heat-stressed plants increased by 31% and 44.7%, respectively, while in non-primed ones – by 15.9% and 12.8%. In summary, the pre-sowing priming of spelt wheat seeds with exogenous ABA induced differentiated prolonged changes in the dynamics and distribution of endogenous ABA, IAA, GA3 and SA in shoots and roots of 14and 21-day-old water-germinated plants (controls) and high temperature (heat stress) conditions. This suggests that the response to heat stress is associated with changes in the level and distribution of endogenous hormones in young spelt wheat plants caused by pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous ABA.
播种前外源激素对植物的生长发育和抗性有影响。然而，外源激素对生长的影响是直接的，还是与内源激素水平和分布的变化有关，目前尚不清楚。分析了外源ABA、吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)和水杨酸(SA)在小麦(Triticum spelta L.， ' Frankenkorn ')中生长的动态和分布。研究了14日龄、水萌发和aba诱导的植物，这些植物暴露于高温胁迫(+40°C下2小时)和恢复后21日龄的植物。内源ABA、IAA、GA3和SA在14日龄植株的芽中占主导地位。在第21天，除GA3外，其余植物激素的分布格局保持不变。然而，大部分内源GA3被转移到根部。播前注入外源ABA诱导种子内源激素平衡的变化。在14 d龄水萌发、热胁迫植株的茎和根中，内源ABA和SA积累增加，内源IAA和GA3含量降低。在恢复期，21日龄植株中SA含量增加，ABA含量降低;内源GA3和IAA在根系积累。在14日龄外源ABA诱导的植株中，热胁迫后外源ABA在茎部(46.8±2.3 ng g-1 FW)和根部(32.3±1.6 ng g-1 FW)的浓度最高。在外源aba诱导的14日龄非胁迫植株根系中，内源IAA含量最高(53.9±2.7 ng g-1 FW)。外源aba诱导植株恢复后第21天，其根内GA3的最高浓度为(39.7±2.0 ng g-1 FW)。经外源aba处理的热胁迫植株的茎部和根部SA含量分别增加了31%和44.7%，未处理的植株分别增加了15.9%和12.8%。综上所述，外源ABA在小麦种子播前引发了14和21日龄水萌发植株(对照)和高温(热胁迫)条件下茎部和根部内源ABA、IAA、GA3和SA的动态和分布变化。这表明，小麦幼苗对热胁迫的响应与播种前外源ABA引发的内源激素水平和分布的变化有关。
{"title":"Effect of pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous abscisic acid on endogenous hormonal balance of spelt wheat under heat stress","authors":"Iryna V. Kosakivska, Lesya V. Voytenko, Valentyna A. Vasyuk, Mykola M. Shcherbatiuk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2022.109.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2022.109.003","url":null,"abstract":"Pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous phytohormones affects plant growth, development and resistance. However, it remains unclear, whether the effect of exogenous hormones on growth is direct, or whether it is associated with changes in the level and distribution of endogenous hormones. The dynamics and distribution of endogenous abscisic (ABA), indole-3-acetic (IAA), gibberellic (GA3) and salicylic (SA) acids in spelt wheat (Triticum spelta L., ‘Frankenkorn’) plants grown from seeds primed with ABA (10-6 M) were analysed. Fourteenday-old, water-germinated and ABA-primed plants that had been exposed to a heat stress (2 h at +40°C) and 21-day-old plants after recovery were studied. Endogenous ABA, IAA, GA3 and SA were found to dominate in shoots of 14-day-old plants. On the 21st day, the pattern of distribution of all phytohormones, except GA3, remained unchanged. However, most of the endogenous GA3 was transferred to the roots. Pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous ABA induced changes in the balance of endogenous hormones. In shoots and roots of 14-day-old water-germinated, heat-stressed plants, accumulation of endogenous ABA and SA was enhanced, and the content endogenous of IAA and GA3 decreased. In the recovery period, the amount of SA in 21-day-old plants increased, and the ABA content was reduced; endogenous GA3 and IAA accumulated in the roots. In 14-day-old, exogenous ABA-primed plants, after heat stress maximal concentrations of endogenous ABA were recorded in shoots (46.8 ± 2.3 ng g-1 FW) and roots (32.3 ± 1.6 ng g-1 FW). In roots of 14-day-old exogenous ABA-primed, unstressed plants, the content of endogenous IAA reached a maximum (53.9 ± 2.7 ng g-1 FW). The maximum concentration (39.7 ± 2.0 ng g-1 FW) of endogenous GA3 was recorded on the 21 st day after recovery in roots of exogenous ABA-primed plants. The SA content in shoots and roots of exogenous ABA-primed, heat-stressed plants increased by 31% and 44.7%, respectively, while in non-primed ones – by 15.9% and 12.8%. In summary, the pre-sowing priming of spelt wheat seeds with exogenous ABA induced differentiated prolonged changes in the dynamics and distribution of endogenous ABA, IAA, GA3 and SA in shoots and roots of 14and 21-day-old water-germinated plants (controls) and high temperature (heat stress) conditions. This suggests that the response to heat stress is associated with changes in the level and distribution of endogenous hormones in young spelt wheat plants caused by pre-sowing priming of seeds with exogenous ABA.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2022-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89506796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2021.108.044
D. Stamenov, S. Djuric, T. Hajnal-Jafari, S. Andjelkovič
The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of medicinal plants is crucial, because agricultural chemicals are no longer acceptable in their production. This paper discusses the results of a recent study undertaken to isolate and characterize PGPR isolates of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) rhizospheric soil and monitor the effect of their application on seed germination and plant growth. The effect of selected isolates on seed germination and initial growth of common thyme was examined in controlled conditions. The impact of the isolates on the content of biochemical stress markers (total phenols and lipid peroxidation intensity) in germinated seeds was determined. The influence of the isolates on the plant growth under well-watered conditions (watered to 80% of water holding capacity (WHC)) and under water deficit stress (watered to 40% of WHC) was evaluated by measuring plant root and stem length in semi-controlled conditions. This study confirmed that indigenous rhizospheric bacteria of common thyme have multiple plant growthpromoting (PGP) properties. Among Bacillus 10 isolates, Pseudomonas 12 isolates and Azotobacter 9 isolates, only Pseudomonas isolate (P53) had all the tested PGP properties. The applied isolates had a positive effect on the examined plant growth parameters. The highest percentage of germination was determined in the treatment with P53 isolate (96%). The highest response for vigour index was observed with isolate A1 (3807%). All isolates, except B58 and B60, reduced stress by lowering the amount of both or at least one stress related molecules. The results of the experiment led to the conclusion that isolates Azotobacter sp. A1 and Pseudomonas sp. P53, both ACC-deaminase-producing bacteria, have the best effect on plant growth under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, which indicates their potential to be used as a biofertiliser for promoting common thyme growth.
{"title":"Autochthonous plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria enhance Thymus vulgaris growth in well-watered and drought-stressed conditions","authors":"D. Stamenov, S. Djuric, T. Hajnal-Jafari, S. Andjelkovič","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2021.108.044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2021.108.044","url":null,"abstract":"The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in the production of medicinal plants is crucial, because agricultural chemicals are no longer acceptable in their production. This paper discusses the results of a recent study undertaken to isolate and characterize PGPR isolates of Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Azotobacter from common thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) rhizospheric soil and monitor the effect of their application on seed germination and plant growth. The effect of selected isolates on seed germination and initial growth of common thyme was examined in controlled conditions. The impact of the isolates on the content of biochemical stress markers (total phenols and lipid peroxidation intensity) in germinated seeds was determined. The influence of the isolates on the plant growth under well-watered conditions (watered to 80% of water holding capacity (WHC)) and under water deficit stress (watered to 40% of WHC) was evaluated by measuring plant root and stem length in semi-controlled conditions. This study confirmed that indigenous rhizospheric bacteria of common thyme have multiple plant growthpromoting (PGP) properties. Among Bacillus 10 isolates, Pseudomonas 12 isolates and Azotobacter 9 isolates, only Pseudomonas isolate (P53) had all the tested PGP properties. The applied isolates had a positive effect on the examined plant growth parameters. The highest percentage of germination was determined in the treatment with P53 isolate (96%). The highest response for vigour index was observed with isolate A1 (3807%). All isolates, except B58 and B60, reduced stress by lowering the amount of both or at least one stress related molecules. The results of the experiment led to the conclusion that isolates Azotobacter sp. A1 and Pseudomonas sp. P53, both ACC-deaminase-producing bacteria, have the best effect on plant growth under well-watered and drought-stressed conditions, which indicates their potential to be used as a biofertiliser for promoting common thyme growth.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80731239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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