Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.032
Emre Şen, Nimet Sema Gençe
The experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University in October 2020 – May 2021. The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effects of five essential oils on five important biological control agents. The commercially obtained essential oils of carrot, wintergreen, ginger, wormwood, and clove were shown to be toxic to biological control agents Orius laevigatus , Nesidiocoris tenuis , Macrolophus pygmaeus , Encarsia formosa , and Eretmocerus eremicus in three doses: 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 v/v. After 3 hours, for the predator O. laevigatus , the most effective (100%) oils were wintergreen and clove oils, while for N. tenuis , the most effective were wintergreen (100%), wormwood (100%), and clove (97%) ones. After 24 hours, ginger oil showed a 95% mortality effect on M. pygmaeus . The parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus were less affected by the oils, only wormwood oil had a slightly deleterious effect on the parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus (mean 53% and 43%, respectively).
{"title":"Effects of five essential oils on three generalist predators and two important whitefly parasitoids","authors":"Emre Şen, Nimet Sema Gençe","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.032","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in the Entomology Laboratory of the Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bursa Uludag University in October 2020 – May 2021. The aim of the study was to determine the toxic effects of five essential oils on five important biological control agents. The commercially obtained essential oils of carrot, wintergreen, ginger, wormwood, and clove were shown to be toxic to biological control agents Orius laevigatus , Nesidiocoris tenuis , Macrolophus pygmaeus , Encarsia formosa , and Eretmocerus eremicus in three doses: 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 v/v. After 3 hours, for the predator O. laevigatus , the most effective (100%) oils were wintergreen and clove oils, while for N. tenuis , the most effective were wintergreen (100%), wormwood (100%), and clove (97%) ones. After 24 hours, ginger oil showed a 95% mortality effect on M. pygmaeus . The parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus were less affected by the oils, only wormwood oil had a slightly deleterious effect on the parasitoids E. formosa and E. eremicus (mean 53% and 43%, respectively).","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sustainable agroecosystems with systematic crop rotation and crop diversity can promote the maintenance of soil fertility and sustainable carbon cycling including CO 2 sequestration from the atmosphere and formation of organic matter. To contribute to the implementation of the goals of the European Green Deal course, it is necessary to assess CO 2 uptake capacity for the widest possible range of agricultural crops grown in a certain region. This study determined the amount of above-ground (Resid AG ) and below-ground (Resid BG ) residues of plants and the content of C and N fixed in them looking for relationships with the yield for six alternative crops for cereals grown in Latvia: winter rape (WRa), buckwheat (BW), peas (P), potatoes (PO), maize (M), and green fallow (GF) compared to cereals in two different regions of Latvia over a three-year period. Significant differences were found between alternative species in the amount of total (AG + BG) plant residues (g m −2 DM) left in the field: 1840 ± 67.8 for winter rape, 740 ± 30.7 for buckwheat, 767 ± 54.7 for peas, 323 ± 11.2 for potatoes, 172 ± 5.2 for maize, and 470.2 ± 30.9 for green fallow. The results showed that the winter crops – rape, triticale (WT), and rye (WR) – left the most total plant residues in the field with the most C content exceeding 80 g m −2 C in Resid BG and 600 g m −2 C in Resid AG . A significant variation in the amount of plant residues within the species depending on the year, cultivar, fertilisation, and soil properties was found, so for more accurate calculation of C and N inputs, the data set should be enlarged, or average statistical data be used.
{"title":"Biomass of alternative species for traditional cereal crops in Latvia and their potential impact on the carbon cycle","authors":"Sarmīte Rancāne, Ieva Līcīte, Austra Zuševica, Sanita Zute, Inga Jansone, Margita Damškalne, Līvija Zariņa, Jeļena Koroļova, Gundega Putniece, Larysa Prysiazhniuk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.023","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable agroecosystems with systematic crop rotation and crop diversity can promote the maintenance of soil fertility and sustainable carbon cycling including CO 2 sequestration from the atmosphere and formation of organic matter. To contribute to the implementation of the goals of the European Green Deal course, it is necessary to assess CO 2 uptake capacity for the widest possible range of agricultural crops grown in a certain region. This study determined the amount of above-ground (Resid AG ) and below-ground (Resid BG ) residues of plants and the content of C and N fixed in them looking for relationships with the yield for six alternative crops for cereals grown in Latvia: winter rape (WRa), buckwheat (BW), peas (P), potatoes (PO), maize (M), and green fallow (GF) compared to cereals in two different regions of Latvia over a three-year period. Significant differences were found between alternative species in the amount of total (AG + BG) plant residues (g m −2 DM) left in the field: 1840 ± 67.8 for winter rape, 740 ± 30.7 for buckwheat, 767 ± 54.7 for peas, 323 ± 11.2 for potatoes, 172 ± 5.2 for maize, and 470.2 ± 30.9 for green fallow. The results showed that the winter crops – rape, triticale (WT), and rye (WR) – left the most total plant residues in the field with the most C content exceeding 80 g m −2 C in Resid BG and 600 g m −2 C in Resid AG . A significant variation in the amount of plant residues within the species depending on the year, cultivar, fertilisation, and soil properties was found, so for more accurate calculation of C and N inputs, the data set should be enlarged, or average statistical data be used.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"14 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.027
Kai Zhang
Wheat lodging is an agricultural problem causing severe yield loss and quality degradation. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the impact of cultivation practices on lodging to develop effective solutions to reduce yield losses. This study conducted a two-yield field experiment with modifying the nitrogen application time treatments to analyse if it is possible to reduce the risk of lodging without yield loss. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate changes in the expression levels of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis-related genes in node samples. The results of the experiment showed that delaying the nitrogen application time until the Zadoks (Z) 45 (booting) stage significantly reduced the risk of lodging due to the minimal yield loss by 3.9% and 2.9% for 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, respectively. The increased lodging resistance at the Z45 stage was associated with a lower plant height and gravity centre height, an increased wall thickness and stem thickness of the two basal internodes, which increased the strength resistance and lodging resistance index (LRI) of the stem. Transcriptomic analysis between the lodging (Z30) and the lodging-resistant (Z45) stages was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism on lodging resistance. The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 9,000, and the gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs indicated that cellular component biogenesis was the most enriched GO term. Also, 30 and 14 DEGs involved in lignin and cellulose biosynthesis were identified, respectively, indicating that the primary mechanism resulting in a high lodging resistance is the high expression of key genes involved in the phases of lignin and cellulose synthesis processes. The findings of the study indicate not only a potential cultivation approach for reducing lodging risk, but also potential genes for developing lodging-resistant wheat cultivars.
{"title":"Winter wheat lodging resistance characteristics as affected by nitrogen application time and the underlying mechanism","authors":"Kai Zhang","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.027","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat lodging is an agricultural problem causing severe yield loss and quality degradation. Therefore, it is needed to investigate the impact of cultivation practices on lodging to develop effective solutions to reduce yield losses. This study conducted a two-yield field experiment with modifying the nitrogen application time treatments to analyse if it is possible to reduce the risk of lodging without yield loss. Transcriptomic analysis was performed to investigate changes in the expression levels of lignin and cellulose biosynthesis-related genes in node samples. The results of the experiment showed that delaying the nitrogen application time until the Zadoks (Z) 45 (booting) stage significantly reduced the risk of lodging due to the minimal yield loss by 3.9% and 2.9% for 2019–2020 and 2020–2021, respectively. The increased lodging resistance at the Z45 stage was associated with a lower plant height and gravity centre height, an increased wall thickness and stem thickness of the two basal internodes, which increased the strength resistance and lodging resistance index (LRI) of the stem. Transcriptomic analysis between the lodging (Z30) and the lodging-resistant (Z45) stages was conducted to illustrate the underlying mechanism on lodging resistance. The total number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was 9,000, and the gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs indicated that cellular component biogenesis was the most enriched GO term. Also, 30 and 14 DEGs involved in lignin and cellulose biosynthesis were identified, respectively, indicating that the primary mechanism resulting in a high lodging resistance is the high expression of key genes involved in the phases of lignin and cellulose synthesis processes. The findings of the study indicate not only a potential cultivation approach for reducing lodging risk, but also potential genes for developing lodging-resistant wheat cultivars.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"4 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.030
Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Aleksandar Leposavić, Mira Milinković, Svetlana M. Paunović, Jelena Tomić
Raspberries are highly valued by consumers due to their nutraceutical properties, which have been associated with various health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in quality characteristics of fresh raspberry fruits and final products (jam and juice) collected from plantations under different agroecological conditions (three localities). The total phenolic content in raspberry fruits and products was quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total anthocyanin content by the pH-differential method. In the same samples, eight elements (phosphate, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The productivity of red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar ‘Willamette’ was studied by examining the variation in the number of floricanes per espalier meter and per unit area as well as the variation in yield per cane and per unit area. The results showed that the highest yield was observed in the L2 locality (660.00 g per cane and 14,840 kg ha −1 of total area), while the lowest yield was recorded in the L3 one (519.67 g per cane and 11,779 kg ha −1 of total area). The amount of macro-and microelements in the soil and raspberry fruits varied between the localities with a higher nutrient content obtained in the L2 locality. The antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin and phenolic content of the raspberry fruits were influenced by the cultivation area with the highest values of anthocyanins (63.45 mg cyn-3-glu 100 g −1 FW) and phenols (630.00 mg GAE 100 g −1 FW) observed in the L2 locality. The study also revealed that the processing of raspberry fruits into juice and jam had minimal effects on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. The findings highlight that ‘Willamette’ raspberries are a valuable source of bioactive compounds and minerals that contribute to their nutritional value and potential health benefits. Further research and optimisation of processing techniques are necessary to effectively preserve and enhance the bioactive compounds in processed raspberry products.
{"title":"Mineral composition and bioactive potential of red raspberry fruits, juice, and jam","authors":"Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Aleksandar Leposavić, Mira Milinković, Svetlana M. Paunović, Jelena Tomić","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.030","url":null,"abstract":"Raspberries are highly valued by consumers due to their nutraceutical properties, which have been associated with various health benefits. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in quality characteristics of fresh raspberry fruits and final products (jam and juice) collected from plantations under different agroecological conditions (three localities). The total phenolic content in raspberry fruits and products was quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the total anthocyanin content by the pH-differential method. In the same samples, eight elements (phosphate, iron, manganese, zinc, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and sodium) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The productivity of red raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) cultivar ‘Willamette’ was studied by examining the variation in the number of floricanes per espalier meter and per unit area as well as the variation in yield per cane and per unit area. The results showed that the highest yield was observed in the L2 locality (660.00 g per cane and 14,840 kg ha −1 of total area), while the lowest yield was recorded in the L3 one (519.67 g per cane and 11,779 kg ha −1 of total area). The amount of macro-and microelements in the soil and raspberry fruits varied between the localities with a higher nutrient content obtained in the L2 locality. The antioxidant capacity and total anthocyanin and phenolic content of the raspberry fruits were influenced by the cultivation area with the highest values of anthocyanins (63.45 mg cyn-3-glu 100 g −1 FW) and phenols (630.00 mg GAE 100 g −1 FW) observed in the L2 locality. The study also revealed that the processing of raspberry fruits into juice and jam had minimal effects on the antioxidant capacity and phenolic content. The findings highlight that ‘Willamette’ raspberries are a valuable source of bioactive compounds and minerals that contribute to their nutritional value and potential health benefits. Further research and optimisation of processing techniques are necessary to effectively preserve and enhance the bioactive compounds in processed raspberry products.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"6 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135368687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.026
Natalia Kovalchuk, Mykola Roik, Olesia Zinchenko
The purpose of the study was to obtain new breeding genotypes containing a nuclear genome of a sugar beet sterility maintainer and sterile cytoplasm of wild beet ( Beta patula L.). The donors of a new sterile cytoplasm of B. patula plants were selected by the indirect cytological traits of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), especially pollen sterility, abnormal development of the anthers, mosaic patterns of anthers and flowers. The anthers were examined for morphological traits of pollen and microspore degeneration in CMS. During reciprocal crosses, (i) the expression of recessive alleles of the nuclear genes of the CMS sterility maintainers was analysed, (ii) the peculiarities of hybridisation of the experimental genotypes with sterile B. patula cytoplasm were studied, and (iii) the selection of linked genes for hypocotyl colour Rr and one-or two-year growth cycle Bb was carried out. The obtained backcross offspring of BC 3 S B. patula had 95% fertility, 100% CMS-0 type sterility, and sugar content between 19.5% and 21.5%. Recombination in the locus of linked genes of the one-and two-year growth cycles and hypocotyl colour RB rb in hybrids F 1 , B. patula and backcross offspring was detected. At the same time, the one-and two-year growth cycle in seed plants was restored only in the 4th cycle of backcross. Recombinant genotypes with a red hypocotyl and two-year growth cycle BC 3 S B. patula had multi-seed fruits, single or branched stems of seed plants and were chimerical by sterility (CMS-1 and CMS-0 types). The obtained alloplasmic introduced lines containing the cytoplasm of B. patula have economically valuable properties as parent components for the development of new triploid hybrids. The experimental triploid hybrids had root sugar content from 19.5% to 20.5% and dry matter content from 25% to 29%. Alloplasmic lines with the new CMS of B. patula are recommended for sugar beet breeding.
{"title":"Alloplasmic lines of beets with new cytoplasm from the wild genus Beta patula","authors":"Natalia Kovalchuk, Mykola Roik, Olesia Zinchenko","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.026","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to obtain new breeding genotypes containing a nuclear genome of a sugar beet sterility maintainer and sterile cytoplasm of wild beet ( Beta patula L.). The donors of a new sterile cytoplasm of B. patula plants were selected by the indirect cytological traits of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), especially pollen sterility, abnormal development of the anthers, mosaic patterns of anthers and flowers. The anthers were examined for morphological traits of pollen and microspore degeneration in CMS. During reciprocal crosses, (i) the expression of recessive alleles of the nuclear genes of the CMS sterility maintainers was analysed, (ii) the peculiarities of hybridisation of the experimental genotypes with sterile B. patula cytoplasm were studied, and (iii) the selection of linked genes for hypocotyl colour Rr and one-or two-year growth cycle Bb was carried out. The obtained backcross offspring of BC 3 S B. patula had 95% fertility, 100% CMS-0 type sterility, and sugar content between 19.5% and 21.5%. Recombination in the locus of linked genes of the one-and two-year growth cycles and hypocotyl colour RB rb in hybrids F 1 , B. patula and backcross offspring was detected. At the same time, the one-and two-year growth cycle in seed plants was restored only in the 4th cycle of backcross. Recombinant genotypes with a red hypocotyl and two-year growth cycle BC 3 S B. patula had multi-seed fruits, single or branched stems of seed plants and were chimerical by sterility (CMS-1 and CMS-0 types). The obtained alloplasmic introduced lines containing the cytoplasm of B. patula have economically valuable properties as parent components for the development of new triploid hybrids. The experimental triploid hybrids had root sugar content from 19.5% to 20.5% and dry matter content from 25% to 29%. Alloplasmic lines with the new CMS of B. patula are recommended for sugar beet breeding.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"13 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.031
Ulvi Moor, Leila Mainla, Kadri Karp, Mariana Maante-Kuljus, Angela Koort, Tõnu Tõnutare, Priit Põldma
The aim of the study was to determine whether it is possible to reduce the frequency of spraying fungicides from the usual three times to only one application at more precise time based on the flowering stage or disease prediction model and how effective the spraying with ozonated water is against Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) in open-field strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The treatments: 1) CTRL – strawberry plants were not sprayed against BFR (control); 2) OW – sprayed with ozonated water twice a week from the beginning of flowering until the end of harvesting; 3) S1F– fungicide 1 (boscalid and pyraclostrobin) application once at 60% flowering (BBCH 65); 4) S1W – fungicide 1 application once based on the predicted BFR risk according to the Bulger model data; and 5) FARM – conventional fungicide spray programme used by strawberry growers: fungicide 2 (cyprodinil, fludioxonil) twice and fungicide 1 once. The number of marketable and BFR-damaged strawberry fruits was determined for each harvest. For analyses, fruits from the 4th harvest were used. In the CTRL treatment, 17% of fruits were infected with BFR. All fungicide treatments significantly reduced infection, and there were no differences between the FARM, S1W, and S1F treatments. The OW applying did not reduce BFR. Fruits sprayed according to S1W and S1F contained residues of boscalid, while fruits sprayed according to FARM contained residues of boscalid, cyprodinil and fludioxonil. All fungicide treatments reduced the total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity of fruits, while the FARM and S1W treatments reduced ascorbic acid content. The results of the experiment showed that the frequency of fungicide sprays can be reduced from the usual three times to only one-time application at more precise time without significantly increasing the number of strawberry fruits affected by BFR.
{"title":"The effect of model-based fungicide and ozonated water spraying on Botrytis fruit rot in open-field strawberries","authors":"Ulvi Moor, Leila Mainla, Kadri Karp, Mariana Maante-Kuljus, Angela Koort, Tõnu Tõnutare, Priit Põldma","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.031","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study was to determine whether it is possible to reduce the frequency of spraying fungicides from the usual three times to only one application at more precise time based on the flowering stage or disease prediction model and how effective the spraying with ozonated water is against Botrytis fruit rot (BFR) in open-field strawberry ( Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). The treatments: 1) CTRL – strawberry plants were not sprayed against BFR (control); 2) OW – sprayed with ozonated water twice a week from the beginning of flowering until the end of harvesting; 3) S1F– fungicide 1 (boscalid and pyraclostrobin) application once at 60% flowering (BBCH 65); 4) S1W – fungicide 1 application once based on the predicted BFR risk according to the Bulger model data; and 5) FARM – conventional fungicide spray programme used by strawberry growers: fungicide 2 (cyprodinil, fludioxonil) twice and fungicide 1 once. The number of marketable and BFR-damaged strawberry fruits was determined for each harvest. For analyses, fruits from the 4th harvest were used. In the CTRL treatment, 17% of fruits were infected with BFR. All fungicide treatments significantly reduced infection, and there were no differences between the FARM, S1W, and S1F treatments. The OW applying did not reduce BFR. Fruits sprayed according to S1W and S1F contained residues of boscalid, while fruits sprayed according to FARM contained residues of boscalid, cyprodinil and fludioxonil. All fungicide treatments reduced the total polyphenol content and total antioxidant capacity of fruits, while the FARM and S1W treatments reduced ascorbic acid content. The results of the experiment showed that the frequency of fungicide sprays can be reduced from the usual three times to only one-time application at more precise time without significantly increasing the number of strawberry fruits affected by BFR.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.025
Toraj Mir Mahmoudi, Hamze Hamze, Iraj Golabi Lak
To investigate the enzymatic, biochemical, and agronomic response of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to biofertilisers and zinc nanoparticles under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Miandoab, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Three irrigation levels: normal, mild stress, and severe water stress, were applied (control – without irrigation) in the main plots, and three fertilisation treatments: seed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), zinc nano-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and AMF + ZnO NPs, were applied (control – without fertilisers) in the sub-plots in two years. The severe water stress reduced the content of chlorophyll a , b , and carotenoids by 14.53, 8.09, and 22.11 %, respectively, and increased the content of leaf flavonoids and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 34.17% and 33.14%, respectively, compared to normal irrigation. The AMF + ZnO NPs treatment increased the content of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , carotenoids, and SOD by 36.76, 12.61, 10.36, and 10.18 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The highest root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar yield provided the AMF + ZnO NPs treatment under normal irrigation. The highest proline content, total phenolic content (TPC), catalase (CAT) activity, sugar content, and white sugar content were found in sugar beets treated with AMF + ZnO NPs under severe water stress. The AMF + ZnO NPs treatment under normal irrigation and mild water stress and ZnO NPs one under severe water stress increased the white sugar yield by 42.67, 55.69, and 20.11 %, compared to the control treatment. Thus, treating with AMF + ZnO NPs under normal and mild water stress and applying of ZnO NPs under severe water stress can be a solution to increase the economic yield of sugar beet.
{"title":"Impact of biofertiliser and zinc nanoparticles on enzymatic, biochemical, and agronomic properties of sugar beet under different irrigation regimes","authors":"Toraj Mir Mahmoudi, Hamze Hamze, Iraj Golabi Lak","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.025","url":null,"abstract":"To investigate the enzymatic, biochemical, and agronomic response of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) to biofertilisers and zinc nanoparticles under different irrigation regimes, an experiment was conducted at the Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Station of Miandoab, West Azerbaijan Province, Iran. Three irrigation levels: normal, mild stress, and severe water stress, were applied (control – without irrigation) in the main plots, and three fertilisation treatments: seed inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), zinc nano-oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), and AMF + ZnO NPs, were applied (control – without fertilisers) in the sub-plots in two years. The severe water stress reduced the content of chlorophyll a , b , and carotenoids by 14.53, 8.09, and 22.11 %, respectively, and increased the content of leaf flavonoids and superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 34.17% and 33.14%, respectively, compared to normal irrigation. The AMF + ZnO NPs treatment increased the content of chlorophyll a , chlorophyll b , carotenoids, and SOD by 36.76, 12.61, 10.36, and 10.18 %, respectively, compared to the control treatment. The highest root yield, sugar yield, and white sugar yield provided the AMF + ZnO NPs treatment under normal irrigation. The highest proline content, total phenolic content (TPC), catalase (CAT) activity, sugar content, and white sugar content were found in sugar beets treated with AMF + ZnO NPs under severe water stress. The AMF + ZnO NPs treatment under normal irrigation and mild water stress and ZnO NPs one under severe water stress increased the white sugar yield by 42.67, 55.69, and 20.11 %, compared to the control treatment. Thus, treating with AMF + ZnO NPs under normal and mild water stress and applying of ZnO NPs under severe water stress can be a solution to increase the economic yield of sugar beet.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was conducted in the crop rotation of winter wheat, maize, spring barley, and winter rapeseed in the Albic Retisol from 2012 to 2019. During the experiment, crop by-products were left in the field annually as a common background for each treatment. Before the beginning of the experiment in 2011, dolomite lime was applied at three different doses based on the hydrolytic acidity (Hh) of the soil. Recommended fertiliser doses were applied to the crops with the average annual application of N 112 P 36 K 87 per unit area. The experiment included the following treatments: 1) without fertilisers, when only crop by-products were incorporated into the soil (control), 2) N 112 P 36 K 87 , 3) NPK + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (0.5 Hh), 4) NPK + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (1.0 Hh), and 5) NPK + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (1.5 Hh). Analysis of crop yield and the phosphorus (P) uptake by plant parts allowed to determine the level of P return with crop by-products using the Partial Nutrient Balance Intensity (PNBI) index. In the experiment, a negative PNBI was observed, when only crop by-products were incorporated into the soil (control treatment) or removed from the field, and all other treatments showed positive indices. The PNBI index increased by 1.7–2.8 times compared to the treatment, when by-products were removed. This result suggests that returning of crop by-products to the soil can be an alternative source of phosphorus. The results of the experiment determined the accumulation of total phosphorus (P tot ) and changes in the distribution of phosphorus due to the addition of NPK and CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 together with the by-products returned to the soil. Significant increases in organic (P org ), inorganic (P inorg ), and available (P avail ) P content indicate the accumulation of both phosphorus reserves and its available forms in acid soil. The use of mineral fertilisers and dolomite lime in combination with crop by-products is an effective approach to improve crop productivity and phosphate level in the soil.
{"title":"Effect of fertilisers, dolomite lime, and crop by-products on crop productivity, phosphorus balance and content in Western Polissia’s Retisol of Ukraine","authors":"Volodymyr Polovyy, Liudmyla Yashchenko, Illia Marchuk, Tetiana Kolesnyk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.024","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted in the crop rotation of winter wheat, maize, spring barley, and winter rapeseed in the Albic Retisol from 2012 to 2019. During the experiment, crop by-products were left in the field annually as a common background for each treatment. Before the beginning of the experiment in 2011, dolomite lime was applied at three different doses based on the hydrolytic acidity (Hh) of the soil. Recommended fertiliser doses were applied to the crops with the average annual application of N 112 P 36 K 87 per unit area. The experiment included the following treatments: 1) without fertilisers, when only crop by-products were incorporated into the soil (control), 2) N 112 P 36 K 87 , 3) NPK + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (0.5 Hh), 4) NPK + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (1.0 Hh), and 5) NPK + CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 (1.5 Hh). Analysis of crop yield and the phosphorus (P) uptake by plant parts allowed to determine the level of P return with crop by-products using the Partial Nutrient Balance Intensity (PNBI) index. In the experiment, a negative PNBI was observed, when only crop by-products were incorporated into the soil (control treatment) or removed from the field, and all other treatments showed positive indices. The PNBI index increased by 1.7–2.8 times compared to the treatment, when by-products were removed. This result suggests that returning of crop by-products to the soil can be an alternative source of phosphorus. The results of the experiment determined the accumulation of total phosphorus (P tot ) and changes in the distribution of phosphorus due to the addition of NPK and CaMg(CO 3 ) 2 together with the by-products returned to the soil. Significant increases in organic (P org ), inorganic (P inorg ), and available (P avail ) P content indicate the accumulation of both phosphorus reserves and its available forms in acid soil. The use of mineral fertilisers and dolomite lime in combination with crop by-products is an effective approach to improve crop productivity and phosphate level in the soil.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"1 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135406088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.028
Aydın Uzun, Şeyma Koçyiğit, Hasan Pinar, Kubanichbek Turgunbaev, Suat Kaymak
Central Asia, one of the four apple origin regions in the world, has a significant diversity. The apple species in this region are particularly resistant to biotic and abiotic stress. Many of the mixed fruit forests, including apples, in Central Asia have been lost in the last half-century. It is emphasised that these forests can be preserved at the highest rate in mountainous Kyrgyzstan. Scab ( Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.), which is the most important apple disease in the world, causes a high level of production losses. Therefore, the best solution is to develop cultivars resistant to this disease. More than 20 major scab resistance genes have been identified in various cultivars and several wild relatives. In this study, four apple species found in Kyrgyzstan were screened using corresponding molecular markers for scab resistance. A total of 12 markers expressing 8 genes associated with scab resistance were used in the study. The 100 cultivars and genotypes used in the study produced bands for markers between 1–9. One genotype of Malus niedzwetzkyana species carried 7 of 8 resistance genes. This study reveals that Kyrgyzstan apple germplasm is an important resource for scab resistance and breeding with marker-assisted selection.
{"title":"Selection of Central Asian apple species for scab resistance genes using molecular markers","authors":"Aydın Uzun, Şeyma Koçyiğit, Hasan Pinar, Kubanichbek Turgunbaev, Suat Kaymak","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.028","url":null,"abstract":"Central Asia, one of the four apple origin regions in the world, has a significant diversity. The apple species in this region are particularly resistant to biotic and abiotic stress. Many of the mixed fruit forests, including apples, in Central Asia have been lost in the last half-century. It is emphasised that these forests can be preserved at the highest rate in mountainous Kyrgyzstan. Scab ( Venturia inaequalis (Cke.) Wint.), which is the most important apple disease in the world, causes a high level of production losses. Therefore, the best solution is to develop cultivars resistant to this disease. More than 20 major scab resistance genes have been identified in various cultivars and several wild relatives. In this study, four apple species found in Kyrgyzstan were screened using corresponding molecular markers for scab resistance. A total of 12 markers expressing 8 genes associated with scab resistance were used in the study. The 100 cultivars and genotypes used in the study produced bands for markers between 1–9. One genotype of Malus niedzwetzkyana species carried 7 of 8 resistance genes. This study reveals that Kyrgyzstan apple germplasm is an important resource for scab resistance and breeding with marker-assisted selection.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.029
Olga Mitrović, Tatjana Vujović, Branko Popović, Aleksandar Leposavić, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Aleksandra Korićanac, Nemanja Miletić
In Serbia, the dominant methods of vegetative propagation of raspberries and blackberries are by root suckering (raspberry) and tip layering (blackberry), and they represent standard propagation techniques. However, due to the possible contamination of such planting material with viruses and phytopathogenic fungi, obtaining plants from tissue culture in vitro is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the fruit quality according to their chemical composition, emphasising the content of bioactive compounds in fruits of raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) ‘Meeker’ and blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus L.) ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ from plants propagated in the field by standard technique (ST) and grown in vitro micropropagation tissue culture (TC). A three-year experiment included the determination of the main fruit quality parameters (soluble solids, sugars, and total acids) by standard methods. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, ellagic, gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids, quercetin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin) were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained results showed that the origin of the planting material did not significantly affect the quality of the fruits in terms of primary and secondary metabolites, except for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in blackberries. This means that both (ST and TC) propagation methods allow obtaining fruits of equally good quality. Therefore, when choosing the type of planting material, other factors such as health, yield, and cost of planting material should be taken into account.
{"title":"Does the propagation technique affect phytochemical composition of raspberry and blackberry fruits?","authors":"Olga Mitrović, Tatjana Vujović, Branko Popović, Aleksandar Leposavić, Žaklina Karaklajić-Stajić, Aleksandra Korićanac, Nemanja Miletić","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.029","url":null,"abstract":"In Serbia, the dominant methods of vegetative propagation of raspberries and blackberries are by root suckering (raspberry) and tip layering (blackberry), and they represent standard propagation techniques. However, due to the possible contamination of such planting material with viruses and phytopathogenic fungi, obtaining plants from tissue culture in vitro is becoming increasingly important. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the fruit quality according to their chemical composition, emphasising the content of bioactive compounds in fruits of raspberry ( Rubus idaeus L.) ‘Meeker’ and blackberry ( Rubus fruticosus L.) ‘Čačanska Bestrna’ from plants propagated in the field by standard technique (ST) and grown in vitro micropropagation tissue culture (TC). A three-year experiment included the determination of the main fruit quality parameters (soluble solids, sugars, and total acids) by standard methods. The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds (protocatechuic, 4-hydroxybenzoic, ellagic, gallic, p-coumaric, caffeic and ferulic acids, quercetin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin) were performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained results showed that the origin of the planting material did not significantly affect the quality of the fruits in terms of primary and secondary metabolites, except for 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in blackberries. This means that both (ST and TC) propagation methods allow obtaining fruits of equally good quality. Therefore, when choosing the type of planting material, other factors such as health, yield, and cost of planting material should be taken into account.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"15 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135413585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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