Pub Date : 2023-08-20DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.017
T. Cakmakci
Drought management requires information on water productivity, crop water consumption, and relevant crop cultivars. Water productivity is important in determining the relationship between crop yield and evapotranspiration, especially in areas with limited irrigation and low rainfall. During the experiment, the seed yield, yield components, and water-yield relationships of two quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars ‘Titicaca’ and ‘Carmen’ under conditions of decreasing irrigation water were determined. It was conducted as a field experiment in three replications and two years (2018–2019). In the experiment, four different irrigation water treatments: I 100 – full irrigation (control), I 75 – 25% deficit, I 50 – 50% deficit, and I 0 – 100% deficit (no irrigation), were used. According to the average of two-year experimental data, the seed yield, plant height, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index were 2754 kg ha −1 , 75.4 cm, 2.81 g, and 37.7% for the ‘Carmen’ and 3335 kg ha −1 , 108.3 cm, 2.93 g, and 40.5% for the ‘Titicaca’, respectively. Yield component values decreased due to irrigation water restriction for both cultivars. The water productivity value was similar in the I 100 and I 75 treatments of both cultivars. The yield response factor (ky) for ‘Carmen’ and ‘Titicaca’ was determined to be 1.37 and 1.39 in 2018, and 1.23 and 1.20 in 2019, respectively. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that irrigation had an increasing effect on the seed yield, plant height, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index values in quinoa plants under semiarid conditions. In addition, recommendations were made for the use of the I 75 irrigation, which saves water, and for the ‘Titicaca’, which is more suitable for the climate of semi -arid region.
干旱管理需要有关水分生产力、作物耗水量和相关作物品种的信息。水分生产力在确定作物产量和蒸散之间的关系方面是重要的，特别是在灌溉有限和降雨量少的地区。试验中，测定了两种藜麦(野生藜麦)品种“的的喀喀卡”和“卡门”在灌溉水量减少条件下的籽粒产量、产量组成和水量关系。试验分3个重复、2年(2018-2019)进行。在试验中，采用4种不同的灌水处理:i100 -充分灌溉(对照)、i75 - 25%亏缺、i50 - 50%亏缺和i0 - 100%亏缺(不灌溉)。根据2年试验数据的平均值，“卡门”的种子产量、株高、千粒重和收获指数分别为2754 kg ha - 1、75.4 cm、2.81 g和37.7%，“的的喀喀卡”的种子产量、千粒重和收获指数分别为3335 kg ha - 1、108.3 cm、2.93 g和40.5%。由于灌溉水的限制，两个品种的产量组成值都有所下降。两个品种i100和i75处理的水分生产力值基本一致。2018年“卡门”和“的的喀喀岛”的收益率响应系数(ky)分别为1.37和1.39,2019年为1.23和1.20。试验结束时，确定了在半干旱条件下，灌溉对藜麦种子产量、株高、千粒重和收获指数值有增加作用。此外，还建议使用节水的i75灌溉，以及更适合半干旱地区气候的“的的喀喀湖”。
{"title":"Assessment of growth, seed yield, and water productivity of two Chenopodium quinoa cultivars under different irrigation levels in semiarid conditions","authors":"T. Cakmakci","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.017","url":null,"abstract":"Drought management requires information on water productivity, crop water consumption, and relevant crop cultivars. Water productivity is important in determining the relationship between crop yield and evapotranspiration, especially in areas with limited irrigation and low rainfall. During the experiment, the seed yield, yield components, and water-yield relationships of two quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) cultivars ‘Titicaca’ and ‘Carmen’ under conditions of decreasing irrigation water were determined. It was conducted as a field experiment in three replications and two years (2018–2019). In the experiment, four different irrigation water treatments: I 100 – full irrigation (control), I 75 – 25% deficit, I 50 – 50% deficit, and I 0 – 100% deficit (no irrigation), were used. According to the average of two-year experimental data, the seed yield, plant height, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index were 2754 kg ha −1 , 75.4 cm, 2.81 g, and 37.7% for the ‘Carmen’ and 3335 kg ha −1 , 108.3 cm, 2.93 g, and 40.5% for the ‘Titicaca’, respectively. Yield component values decreased due to irrigation water restriction for both cultivars. The water productivity value was similar in the I 100 and I 75 treatments of both cultivars. The yield response factor (ky) for ‘Carmen’ and ‘Titicaca’ was determined to be 1.37 and 1.39 in 2018, and 1.23 and 1.20 in 2019, respectively. At the end of the experiment, it was determined that irrigation had an increasing effect on the seed yield, plant height, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index values in quinoa plants under semiarid conditions. In addition, recommendations were made for the use of the I 75 irrigation, which saves water, and for the ‘Titicaca’, which is more suitable for the climate of semi -arid region.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76148665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.019
Daniela Todevska, B. Kovacevik, Sanja Kostadinvik-Velickovska, Natalija Markova-Ruzdik, L. Mihajlov
The diversity and quantity of organic acids and the sugar content affect the taste, storage, and processing quality in ripe tomato fruits. Therefore, understanding the genetic potential of different tomato ( Lycopersicon Mill.) varieties for this and other traits is an important first step in the early-stage research to select varieties for various uses. In this study, four red cherry tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties belonging to subsp. cultum , subsp. spontaneum , and subsp. subspontaneum were evaluated for their genetic potential to produce titratable acids (TA), especially ascorbic acid (AA), total carbohydrates (TCH), and seed protein content (SPC) in ripe fruit when grown under temperate climate zone conditions and in alkaline soil. This information is of great importance for the breeding programmes as well as for the process of development of new improved cherry tomato varieties. The correlation between biochemical properties of fruit and some physico-chemical parameters such as ash (AS), dry matter (DM), moisture (M), and acidity (pH) as well as the differences between studied varieties for each trait were investigated using statistical analysis. The results showed that all the studied varieties are susceptible to grow in the alkaline soil with pH up to 7.9 with the acceptable fruit quality. Significant differences were observed in ascorbic acid, ash, DM, and moisture content among all studied varieties. No differences were observed for pH, titratable acids, total carbohydrates, and seed protein content. L. esculentum var. cerasiforme showed the best potential to be included in the breeding programmes for the alkaline soil management under agroecological conditions of the temperate climate zone.
{"title":"Evaluation of the quality traits of red cherry tomato varieties grown in alkaline soil","authors":"Daniela Todevska, B. Kovacevik, Sanja Kostadinvik-Velickovska, Natalija Markova-Ruzdik, L. Mihajlov","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.019","url":null,"abstract":"The diversity and quantity of organic acids and the sugar content affect the taste, storage, and processing quality in ripe tomato fruits. Therefore, understanding the genetic potential of different tomato ( Lycopersicon Mill.) varieties for this and other traits is an important first step in the early-stage research to select varieties for various uses. In this study, four red cherry tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) varieties belonging to subsp. cultum , subsp. spontaneum , and subsp. subspontaneum were evaluated for their genetic potential to produce titratable acids (TA), especially ascorbic acid (AA), total carbohydrates (TCH), and seed protein content (SPC) in ripe fruit when grown under temperate climate zone conditions and in alkaline soil. This information is of great importance for the breeding programmes as well as for the process of development of new improved cherry tomato varieties. The correlation between biochemical properties of fruit and some physico-chemical parameters such as ash (AS), dry matter (DM), moisture (M), and acidity (pH) as well as the differences between studied varieties for each trait were investigated using statistical analysis. The results showed that all the studied varieties are susceptible to grow in the alkaline soil with pH up to 7.9 with the acceptable fruit quality. Significant differences were observed in ascorbic acid, ash, DM, and moisture content among all studied varieties. No differences were observed for pH, titratable acids, total carbohydrates, and seed protein content. L. esculentum var. cerasiforme showed the best potential to be included in the breeding programmes for the alkaline soil management under agroecological conditions of the temperate climate zone.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73416426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.018
B. Keski̇n, S. Temel, Seda AKBAY TOHUMCU
Species selection is important in bringing the saline-alkaline areas to production. In addition, the determination of suitable cultivars with a high salt tolerance percentage for different ecological conditions is of great importance in terms of providing high yield per unit area. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to determine the forage yield performance of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) cultivars in non-saline and saline-alkaline soils in 2021 and 2022. The effect of non-saline and saline-alkaline soils conditions on the forage yield and yield components of 7 quinoa cultivars: ‘Red Head’, ‘Moqu Arrochilla’, ‘Sandoval Mix’, ‘Oro de Valle’, ‘Titicaca’, ‘French Vanilla’, and ‘Rainbow’, was investigated. During the experiment, the plant height, stem diameter, fresh forage yield, dry matter ratio, dry matter yield, leaf ratio, stem ratio, panicle ratio, chlorophyll content, and the salt tolerance percentage of quinoa cultivars were determined. Compared to the non-saline soil conditions (control), the plant height, fresh forage yield, dry matter ratio, dry matter yield, and the cluster ratio of plants grown in saline-alkaline soils increased, while the leaf ratio, stem ratio, and chlorophyll content decreased. It was determined that quinoa can be grown in high saline-alkaline soils without any loss in forage yield (except ‘Titicaca’
在盐碱地生产中，物种选择是重要的。此外，确定不同生态条件下耐盐率高的适宜品种，对于提高单产具有重要意义。为此，研究了藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Wild.)品种2021年和2022年在非盐碱地和盐碱地上的饲料产量表现。研究了非盐碱和盐碱土壤条件对7个藜麦品种‘红头’、‘Moqu Arrochilla’、‘Sandoval Mix’、‘Oro de Valle’、‘Titicaca’、‘French Vanilla’和‘Rainbow’的饲料产量和产量组成的影响。试验期间，测定了藜麦品种的株高、茎粗、鲜饲料产量、干物质比、干物质产量、叶比、茎比、穗比、叶绿素含量和耐盐率。与非盐碱地(对照)相比，在盐碱地生长的植株株高、鲜饲料产量、干物质比、干物质产量和簇比增加，叶比、茎比和叶绿素含量降低。经确定，藜麦可以在高盐碱土壤中种植，而不会损失饲料产量(“的的喀喀岛”除外)。
{"title":"Determination of forage yield performance of different Chenopodium quinoa cultivars in saline conditions","authors":"B. Keski̇n, S. Temel, Seda AKBAY TOHUMCU","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.018","url":null,"abstract":"Species selection is important in bringing the saline-alkaline areas to production. In addition, the determination of suitable cultivars with a high salt tolerance percentage for different ecological conditions is of great importance in terms of providing high yield per unit area. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to determine the forage yield performance of quinoa ( Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) cultivars in non-saline and saline-alkaline soils in 2021 and 2022. The effect of non-saline and saline-alkaline soils conditions on the forage yield and yield components of 7 quinoa cultivars: ‘Red Head’, ‘Moqu Arrochilla’, ‘Sandoval Mix’, ‘Oro de Valle’, ‘Titicaca’, ‘French Vanilla’, and ‘Rainbow’, was investigated. During the experiment, the plant height, stem diameter, fresh forage yield, dry matter ratio, dry matter yield, leaf ratio, stem ratio, panicle ratio, chlorophyll content, and the salt tolerance percentage of quinoa cultivars were determined. Compared to the non-saline soil conditions (control), the plant height, fresh forage yield, dry matter ratio, dry matter yield, and the cluster ratio of plants grown in saline-alkaline soils increased, while the leaf ratio, stem ratio, and chlorophyll content decreased. It was determined that quinoa can be grown in high saline-alkaline soils without any loss in forage yield (except ‘Titicaca’","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89617147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.015
Ya. P. Makukh, S. Remeniuk, S. Moshkivska, Vladyslav Riznyk, Nataliia Zatserkovna, Olha Rudnyk-Ivashchenko, M. Buzynnyi
The purpose of the research was to study the soil water content (SWC) and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) and its aftercrop spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) under the influence of crop rotation, fertilisation system, and weather conditions. A long-term field experiment was established in the Central Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. The experiment included the following six-field crop rotations: (i) cereal, fodder, and tilled, (ii) tilled, and (iii) cereal and tilled. In the experimental field, sugar beet fertilisation was mineral (N 100 P 90 K 90 ) and organic-mineral (40 t ha −1 cattle manure + N 100 P 90 K 90 ). Regardless of crop rotation, sugar beet plants used water more efficiently under mineral and organic-mineral fertilisation with the WUE reaching 67−76 m 3 t −1 , which is 2.1–2.5 times lower compared to zero fertilisation (control). The WUE of spring barley was 277–372 m 3 t −1 under residual effect of mineral and organic-mineral fertilisation and 428–458 m 3 t −1 under zero fertilisation of sugar beet. Fertilisers applied to sugar beet provided an additional 100–122 mm of SWC (0–150 cm soil layer) for its aftercrop spring barley, while with zero fertilisation the SWC was only 58–79 mm. It can be concluded that organic-mineral fertilisation applied to sugar beet is more effective compared to mineral fertilisation, as it provides a significant additional water reserve to the aftercrop spring barley.
本研究旨在研究轮作、施肥制度和气象条件对甜菜及其后茬春大麦土壤含水量和水分利用效率的影响。在乌克兰中央森林草原区进行了长期的田间试验。试验包括6个大田轮作:(i)谷物、饲料和耕作，(ii)耕作，(iii)谷物和耕作。在试验田，甜菜施肥为矿物肥(N 100 P 90 k90)和有机矿物肥(40 t / h - 1牛粪+ N 100 P 90 k90)。在不考虑作物轮作的情况下，施用矿物肥和有机矿物肥的甜菜植株对水分的利用效率更高，WUE达到67 ~ 76 m³t−1，比不施肥(对照)低2.1 ~ 2.5倍。在矿质肥和有机矿肥残留效应下，春大麦的WUE为277 ~ 372 m³t−1，甜菜零肥处理下WUE为428 ~ 458 m³t−1。施用化肥的甜菜为其后茬春大麦提供了额外的100-122毫米的SWC(0-150厘米土层)，而不施肥的SWC仅为58-79毫米。综上所述，与矿质肥相比，有机矿质肥对甜菜更有效，因为它为春大麦提供了显著的额外水分储备。
{"title":"Water use of sugar beet and spring barley in different crop rotations and fertilisation systems in chernozem in Ukraine","authors":"Ya. P. Makukh, S. Remeniuk, S. Moshkivska, Vladyslav Riznyk, Nataliia Zatserkovna, Olha Rudnyk-Ivashchenko, M. Buzynnyi","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.015","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to study the soil water content (SWC) and water use efficiency (WUE) of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L.) and its aftercrop spring barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) under the influence of crop rotation, fertilisation system, and weather conditions. A long-term field experiment was established in the Central Forest Steppe zone of Ukraine. The experiment included the following six-field crop rotations: (i) cereal, fodder, and tilled, (ii) tilled, and (iii) cereal and tilled. In the experimental field, sugar beet fertilisation was mineral (N 100 P 90 K 90 ) and organic-mineral (40 t ha −1 cattle manure + N 100 P 90 K 90 ). Regardless of crop rotation, sugar beet plants used water more efficiently under mineral and organic-mineral fertilisation with the WUE reaching 67−76 m 3 t −1 , which is 2.1–2.5 times lower compared to zero fertilisation (control). The WUE of spring barley was 277–372 m 3 t −1 under residual effect of mineral and organic-mineral fertilisation and 428–458 m 3 t −1 under zero fertilisation of sugar beet. Fertilisers applied to sugar beet provided an additional 100–122 mm of SWC (0–150 cm soil layer) for its aftercrop spring barley, while with zero fertilisation the SWC was only 58–79 mm. It can be concluded that organic-mineral fertilisation applied to sugar beet is more effective compared to mineral fertilisation, as it provides a significant additional water reserve to the aftercrop spring barley.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85245606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.022
J. Jatkauskas, V. Vrotniakienė, I. Eisner, K. Witt, G. Copani
This study with whole-plant maize ( Zea mays L.) silage was aimed to investigate different pre-ensiling conditions and addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactococcus lactis on the formation of fermentation end products, dry matter (DM) loss, yeast and mould counts and aerobic stability. After harvesting, whole-plant maize (at the dough line stage and 36% DM) was either uninoculated (C) or inoculated (I) and then ensiled in laboratory mini-silos (i) promptly (C0 and I0), (ii) with 3-hour delay (C3 and I3), (iii) with 24-hour delay and uncovered (C24U and I24U), and (iv) with 24-hour delay and sealed up (C24S and I24S). Chemical composition, including fermentation products, losses of DM, yeast and mould counts, and aerobic stability were determined in five repetitions for each treatment on the 60th day of silage ensiling. The delayed ensiling of uninoculated whole-plant maize (C24U) negatively affected fermentation parameters reflected by increased DM losses, ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and alcohols concentrations, and yeast and mould counts. Inoculation caused a reduction in the pH value, increased individual concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, lowered negative indicators of fermentation, including reduced NH 3 -N, alcohols, and butyric acid, and significantly improved aerobic stability regardless of other test conditions before ensiling.
{"title":"Effect of different conditions to forage before ensiling and use of a lactic acid bacteria-based additive on the fermentation and aerobic stability of maize silage","authors":"J. Jatkauskas, V. Vrotniakienė, I. Eisner, K. Witt, G. Copani","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.022","url":null,"abstract":"This study with whole-plant maize ( Zea mays L.) silage was aimed to investigate different pre-ensiling conditions and addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculant containing Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactococcus lactis on the formation of fermentation end products, dry matter (DM) loss, yeast and mould counts and aerobic stability. After harvesting, whole-plant maize (at the dough line stage and 36% DM) was either uninoculated (C) or inoculated (I) and then ensiled in laboratory mini-silos (i) promptly (C0 and I0), (ii) with 3-hour delay (C3 and I3), (iii) with 24-hour delay and uncovered (C24U and I24U), and (iv) with 24-hour delay and sealed up (C24S and I24S). Chemical composition, including fermentation products, losses of DM, yeast and mould counts, and aerobic stability were determined in five repetitions for each treatment on the 60th day of silage ensiling. The delayed ensiling of uninoculated whole-plant maize (C24U) negatively affected fermentation parameters reflected by increased DM losses, ammonia nitrogen (NH 3 -N) and alcohols concentrations, and yeast and mould counts. Inoculation caused a reduction in the pH value, increased individual concentrations of lactic acid and acetic acid, lowered negative indicators of fermentation, including reduced NH 3 -N, alcohols, and butyric acid, and significantly improved aerobic stability regardless of other test conditions before ensiling.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88704142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.016
J. Sekulić, Z. Milovac, A. Marjanović Jeromela, Marija Bajagić, Tanja B. Trakić, Filip Popović
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of insecticides Talstar 10 EC (pyrethroid bifenthrin) and Nurelle D (mixture of organophosphorus and pyrethroid: chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) on the life-cycle parameters (survival, growth, cocoons production, and hatching juveniles) of the non-target organism, earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826), in the laboratory and their impact on the natural earthworm population in agricultural field. The experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019. The field experiment was performed at the Rimski Šančevi site, near Novi Sad, Serbia. The laboratory experiment was conducted according to the OECD guidelines. The earthworms were exposed to the artificial soil supplemented with different concentrations of the tested insecticides according to the recommended agricultural doses (RAD). The mixture of pesticides (Nurelle D) was found ecologically more dangerous to E. fetida than Talstar 10 EC. The 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values of both insecticides were higher than the highest concentration used in the experiment. Talstar 10 EC did not affect weight, but affected the production of cocoons and hatching juveniles, even at the RAD. The mixture of pesticides has shown toxicity after a long-time exposure, and it had an impact on the parameters of the life cycle. The results of the field experiment demonstrated that mixtures of pesticides are more toxic than single-component ones. This points out that the chemicals must be used with the maximum responsibility. Information about long-term effects can be important for understanding the field experiment data, which typically show a high variability and, therefore, are difficult to interpret.
{"title":"Effect of single and mixture of insecticides on earthworms: results from field and laboratory experiments","authors":"J. Sekulić, Z. Milovac, A. Marjanović Jeromela, Marija Bajagić, Tanja B. Trakić, Filip Popović","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.016","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to examine the effect of insecticides Talstar 10 EC (pyrethroid bifenthrin) and Nurelle D (mixture of organophosphorus and pyrethroid: chlorpyrifos and cypermethrin) on the life-cycle parameters (survival, growth, cocoons production, and hatching juveniles) of the non-target organism, earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826), in the laboratory and their impact on the natural earthworm population in agricultural field. The experiment was conducted from 2017 to 2019. The field experiment was performed at the Rimski Šančevi site, near Novi Sad, Serbia. The laboratory experiment was conducted according to the OECD guidelines. The earthworms were exposed to the artificial soil supplemented with different concentrations of the tested insecticides according to the recommended agricultural doses (RAD). The mixture of pesticides (Nurelle D) was found ecologically more dangerous to E. fetida than Talstar 10 EC. The 50% lethal concentration (LC 50 ) values of both insecticides were higher than the highest concentration used in the experiment. Talstar 10 EC did not affect weight, but affected the production of cocoons and hatching juveniles, even at the RAD. The mixture of pesticides has shown toxicity after a long-time exposure, and it had an impact on the parameters of the life cycle. The results of the field experiment demonstrated that mixtures of pesticides are more toxic than single-component ones. This points out that the chemicals must be used with the maximum responsibility. Information about long-term effects can be important for understanding the field experiment data, which typically show a high variability and, therefore, are difficult to interpret.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"6 12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86413905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.014
I. Kosakivska, L. Voytenko, V. Vasyuk, M. Shcherbatiuk
The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) priming (10 −6 M) on the growth and hormonal homeostasis of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt wheat ( T. spelta L.) plants after drought stress was analysed. During the experiment, 18-day-old water-germinated (C-plants) and ABA-primed (ABA + -plants) plants exposed to drought stress (4 days without irrigation) and 21-day-old plants after recovery were studied. Drought-stressed ABA + -plants showed increased length, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight of roots and decreased shoot height and FW compared to C-plants. Priming with ABA increased the accumulation of ABA in T. aestivum and T. spelta plants during soil drought. However, in T. spelta ABA + -plants, the ABA content was 2.2-fold greater than in T. aestivum . After recovery, the ABA content in both species decreased. Drought stress decreased indole acetic acid (IAA) content in T. aestivum ABA + -plants but increased in T. spelta ones. The IAA content in stressed ABA + -plants of both species was 1.6-fold higher compared to stressed C-plants. After recovery, IAA accumulated in both ABA + -plants. In stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content was 123.4% and 24.2% higher compared to C-plants. In recovered ABA + -plants, GA 3 content was higher than in C-plants. The content of salicylic acid (SA) in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants increased by 5.5% and 62.8%, respectively. Total cytokinin (CK) content in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants did not recover the level of stressed С-plants and after recovery was lower by 43% and 56.8%, respectively. Changes in CK forms in all treatments of the experiment were observed. Overall, the priming of T. aestivum and T. spelta seeds with ABA improved root growth and was associated with changes in the hormonal system of soil drought-stressed plants. The results of the experiment suggest that long-term changes in the balance of endogenous phytohormones caused by the ABA priming are related with the formation of drought stress response.
{"title":"Abscisic acid-induced response of Triticum aestivum and T. spelta phytohormonal system to moderate soil drought","authors":"I. Kosakivska, L. Voytenko, V. Vasyuk, M. Shcherbatiuk","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.014","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of abscisic acid (ABA) priming (10 −6 M) on the growth and hormonal homeostasis of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) and spelt wheat ( T. spelta L.) plants after drought stress was analysed. During the experiment, 18-day-old water-germinated (C-plants) and ABA-primed (ABA + -plants) plants exposed to drought stress (4 days without irrigation) and 21-day-old plants after recovery were studied. Drought-stressed ABA + -plants showed increased length, fresh (FW) and dry (DW) weight of roots and decreased shoot height and FW compared to C-plants. Priming with ABA increased the accumulation of ABA in T. aestivum and T. spelta plants during soil drought. However, in T. spelta ABA + -plants, the ABA content was 2.2-fold greater than in T. aestivum . After recovery, the ABA content in both species decreased. Drought stress decreased indole acetic acid (IAA) content in T. aestivum ABA + -plants but increased in T. spelta ones. The IAA content in stressed ABA + -plants of both species was 1.6-fold higher compared to stressed C-plants. After recovery, IAA accumulated in both ABA + -plants. In stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants, gibberellic acid (GA 3 ) content was 123.4% and 24.2% higher compared to C-plants. In recovered ABA + -plants, GA 3 content was higher than in C-plants. The content of salicylic acid (SA) in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants increased by 5.5% and 62.8%, respectively. Total cytokinin (CK) content in stressed T. aestivum and T. spelta ABA + -plants did not recover the level of stressed С-plants and after recovery was lower by 43% and 56.8%, respectively. Changes in CK forms in all treatments of the experiment were observed. Overall, the priming of T. aestivum and T. spelta seeds with ABA improved root growth and was associated with changes in the hormonal system of soil drought-stressed plants. The results of the experiment suggest that long-term changes in the balance of endogenous phytohormones caused by the ABA priming are related with the formation of drought stress response.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80769100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.020
M. F. Dönmez, Işıl Temel
Bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv . vitians ( Xhv ) is a disease that causes significant yield losses in lettuce. This study aimed to isolate Xhv from diseased lettuce plants and investigate the potential of biocontrol of the pathogen with candidate antagonistic bacterial strains. A total of 47 strains were isolated from diseased plant samples, and 9 of them were identified as Xhv using the Microbial Identification System (MIS). 81 strains isolated from healthy tomato and cucumber plants were tested against the pathogen in in vitro conditions and in vivo experiments. Plant growth promotion features such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium solubilisation, and biocontrol mechanisms such as siderophore, cellulase, chitinase, protease, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ACC-deaminase were determined. It was found that 14 of the strains tested against the pathogen showed antibacterial activity in vitro . In the in vitro tests, the largest inhibition zone was measured in Paenibacillus validus MFD 46 (42.0 mm) and Bacillus megaterium MFD 71 (40.6 mm) strains. In the in vivo tests, the highest biocontrol effect was determined in the applications of Bacillus subtilis MFD 7 and MFD 7+MFD 71 combinations. Bacillus sphaericus MFD 45 strains were found to be positive for all plant growth promotion parameters tested. Pantoea agglomerans MFD 8, Pseudomonas fluorescens MFD 27, and Bacillus sphaericus MFD 45 strains were found to have all the biocontrol mechanisms of action investigated. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of the strains with biocontrol activity in the control programmes against Xhv can be used as a method suitable for sustainability in agricultural production.
{"title":"Use of antagonistic bacteria against Xanthomonas hortorum pv. vitians causing disease in lettuce","authors":"M. F. Dönmez, Işıl Temel","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.020","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial leaf spot caused by Xanthomonas hortorum pv . vitians ( Xhv ) is a disease that causes significant yield losses in lettuce. This study aimed to isolate Xhv from diseased lettuce plants and investigate the potential of biocontrol of the pathogen with candidate antagonistic bacterial strains. A total of 47 strains were isolated from diseased plant samples, and 9 of them were identified as Xhv using the Microbial Identification System (MIS). 81 strains isolated from healthy tomato and cucumber plants were tested against the pathogen in in vitro conditions and in vivo experiments. Plant growth promotion features such as nitrogen fixation, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium solubilisation, and biocontrol mechanisms such as siderophore, cellulase, chitinase, protease, hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ACC-deaminase were determined. It was found that 14 of the strains tested against the pathogen showed antibacterial activity in vitro . In the in vitro tests, the largest inhibition zone was measured in Paenibacillus validus MFD 46 (42.0 mm) and Bacillus megaterium MFD 71 (40.6 mm) strains. In the in vivo tests, the highest biocontrol effect was determined in the applications of Bacillus subtilis MFD 7 and MFD 7+MFD 71 combinations. Bacillus sphaericus MFD 45 strains were found to be positive for all plant growth promotion parameters tested. Pantoea agglomerans MFD 8, Pseudomonas fluorescens MFD 27, and Bacillus sphaericus MFD 45 strains were found to have all the biocontrol mechanisms of action investigated. The obtained results showed that the inclusion of the strains with biocontrol activity in the control programmes against Xhv can be used as a method suitable for sustainability in agricultural production.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83877234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.013
О. Demyanyuk, Kateryna Oliinyk, H. Davydiuk, V. Yula, K. Shatkovska, I. Mostoviak
One of the main directions of agricultural production in Ukraine is the stabilisation and increase in the production of high-quality food grains, which will ensure the country’s food security and increase the export potential. Increasing the yield of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), the main grain crop of the country, is important in this regard. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of different intensity cultivation technologies on the productivity of winter wheat. The experiment was carried out in 2016–2020 and based on a stationary multifactorial experiment of the Department of Technology of Grain and Ear Crops of the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Models of cultivation technologies were studied, which differed in the rates of applied mineral fertilisers, the insertion of pea straw residues, and the application of the plant protection system (PPS). The results showed a positive effect of the cultivation technologies with increasing intensity on the formation of winter wheat productivity. The amount of vegetative mass, the level of accumulation of the dry matter of plants, the density of productive stems, the length of the ear, the number of spikelets per ear, and the grain size of the ear increased. The factor ‘fertilisation system’ had the greatest influence (79.3%) on the formation of winter wheat grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained by the highly intensive 1 (HI1) cultivation technology, which provided for the application of P 80 K 100 N 240 fertilisers with the background of the straw residues of preceding crop and integrated PPS, which was 8.93 t ha −1 (excess to control was 4.71) with the best indicators of grains quality, protein content of 13.3–13.8%, and gluten content of 23.3–24.6%. On application of the studied technologies, winter wheat did not significantly accumulate copper, zinc, manganese, and iron.
乌克兰农业生产的主要方向之一是稳定和增加高质量粮食的生产，这将确保该国的粮食安全并增加出口潜力。在这方面，提高该国主要粮食作物冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)的产量非常重要。本研究旨在探讨不同强度栽培技术对冬小麦产量的影响。实验于2016-2020年进行，以乌克兰国家农业科学院国家科学中心农业研究所粮食和穗作物技术部的平稳多因子实验为基础。研究了不同矿物肥施用量、豌豆秸秆秸秆插入和植物保护系统(PPS)应用的栽培技术模型。结果表明，强化栽培技术对冬小麦生产力的形成具有正向影响。植株的营养质量、干物质积累水平、生产茎密度、穗长、穗粒数和穗粒大小均增加。“施肥制度”因子对冬小麦籽粒产量形成的影响最大(79.3%)。以前茬秸秆残茬为背景，施用磷肥80 K 100 N 240的高集约栽培技术(HI1)产量最高，为8.93 t ha−1(过量对照4.71)，籽粒品质指标最佳，蛋白质含量为13.3 ~ 13.8%，面筋含量为23.3 ~ 24.6%。在试验条件下，冬小麦对铜、锌、锰和铁的积累不显著。
{"title":"Productivity of winter wheat under cultivation technologies of different intensity","authors":"О. Demyanyuk, Kateryna Oliinyk, H. Davydiuk, V. Yula, K. Shatkovska, I. Mostoviak","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.013","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main directions of agricultural production in Ukraine is the stabilisation and increase in the production of high-quality food grains, which will ensure the country’s food security and increase the export potential. Increasing the yield of winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.), the main grain crop of the country, is important in this regard. The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of different intensity cultivation technologies on the productivity of winter wheat. The experiment was carried out in 2016–2020 and based on a stationary multifactorial experiment of the Department of Technology of Grain and Ear Crops of the National Scientific Centre Institute of Agriculture of the National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine. Models of cultivation technologies were studied, which differed in the rates of applied mineral fertilisers, the insertion of pea straw residues, and the application of the plant protection system (PPS). The results showed a positive effect of the cultivation technologies with increasing intensity on the formation of winter wheat productivity. The amount of vegetative mass, the level of accumulation of the dry matter of plants, the density of productive stems, the length of the ear, the number of spikelets per ear, and the grain size of the ear increased. The factor ‘fertilisation system’ had the greatest influence (79.3%) on the formation of winter wheat grain yield. The highest grain yield was obtained by the highly intensive 1 (HI1) cultivation technology, which provided for the application of P 80 K 100 N 240 fertilisers with the background of the straw residues of preceding crop and integrated PPS, which was 8.93 t ha −1 (excess to control was 4.71) with the best indicators of grains quality, protein content of 13.3–13.8%, and gluten content of 23.3–24.6%. On application of the studied technologies, winter wheat did not significantly accumulate copper, zinc, manganese, and iron.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87406049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-03DOI: 10.13080/z-a.2023.110.021
R. Dastjerdi, Mohieddin Pirkhezri
Rosellinia necatrix (Prill.) is one of the most important soil-borne pathogens affecting fruit trees in Iran. A preliminary selection of open-pollinated seedlings of 13 Prunus spp. genotypes, including ‘Early Golden’, ‘Obilnaja’, ‘Mirabolano’, ‘Blue Free’, ‘Tanasgol’, ‘Mandchurica’, ‘Saint Julien’, ‘Greengage’, ‘Cadaman’, GF-677, K-R.T-02, K-R.T-01, and K-R.T-41, for resistance to white root rot disease was carried out through artificial inoculation in the greenhouse as part of plum and prune rootstocks breeding programme. In the first experiment, among 559 seedlings belonging to the Prunus population, 282 plants survived 120 days after inoculation. The survivors were exposed to twofold higher concentration of inoculum. The successful establishment of the pathogen on roots of ‘Early Golden’, ‘Obilnaja’, ‘Greengage, K-R.T-41, ‘Blue Free’, and ‘Tanasgol’ led to the destruction of almost all plants. The resistance level of ‘Mirabolano’, ‘Saint Julien’, ‘Blue Free’, and K-R.T-02 did not change with the amount of inoculum, and they were defined as moderately resistant in both experiments. Among all studied Prunus s pp. germplasm, the resistance level of the seedlings of K-R.T-01 was determined as resistant regardless of inoculum density. Although a large number of hybrid GF-677 seedlings died with exposure to a low level of inoculum, the remaining plants were able to survive even at high fungal density. Similarly, the plants of ‘Mandchurica’ and ‘Cadaman’ showed resistant responses with a high level of inoculum. It was a preliminary test for the screening of Prunus spp. population against R. necatrix . The selected seedlings that survived after two fungal inoculation trials are currently being evaluated for reproductive performance and will be screened for precise resistance to white root rot disease in the near future.
{"title":"Preliminary evaluation of Prunus spp. germplasm for resistance to white root rot (Rosellinia necatrix) disease","authors":"R. Dastjerdi, Mohieddin Pirkhezri","doi":"10.13080/z-a.2023.110.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13080/z-a.2023.110.021","url":null,"abstract":"Rosellinia necatrix (Prill.) is one of the most important soil-borne pathogens affecting fruit trees in Iran. A preliminary selection of open-pollinated seedlings of 13 Prunus spp. genotypes, including ‘Early Golden’, ‘Obilnaja’, ‘Mirabolano’, ‘Blue Free’, ‘Tanasgol’, ‘Mandchurica’, ‘Saint Julien’, ‘Greengage’, ‘Cadaman’, GF-677, K-R.T-02, K-R.T-01, and K-R.T-41, for resistance to white root rot disease was carried out through artificial inoculation in the greenhouse as part of plum and prune rootstocks breeding programme. In the first experiment, among 559 seedlings belonging to the Prunus population, 282 plants survived 120 days after inoculation. The survivors were exposed to twofold higher concentration of inoculum. The successful establishment of the pathogen on roots of ‘Early Golden’, ‘Obilnaja’, ‘Greengage, K-R.T-41, ‘Blue Free’, and ‘Tanasgol’ led to the destruction of almost all plants. The resistance level of ‘Mirabolano’, ‘Saint Julien’, ‘Blue Free’, and K-R.T-02 did not change with the amount of inoculum, and they were defined as moderately resistant in both experiments. Among all studied Prunus s pp. germplasm, the resistance level of the seedlings of K-R.T-01 was determined as resistant regardless of inoculum density. Although a large number of hybrid GF-677 seedlings died with exposure to a low level of inoculum, the remaining plants were able to survive even at high fungal density. Similarly, the plants of ‘Mandchurica’ and ‘Cadaman’ showed resistant responses with a high level of inoculum. It was a preliminary test for the screening of Prunus spp. population against R. necatrix . The selected seedlings that survived after two fungal inoculation trials are currently being evaluated for reproductive performance and will be screened for precise resistance to white root rot disease in the near future.","PeriodicalId":23946,"journal":{"name":"Zemdirbyste-agriculture","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80567552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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