Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.041
Zhengkai Tao , Yiqing Fan , Qingyun Zhang , Dayong Xu
Mercury (Hg) emissions from landfill cover soils are an important source of atmospheric Hg affecting local and regional atmospheric Hg budget. To date, soil Hg emissions have been extensively studied, whereas the photoreduction rate of cover soil Hg(II) under various conditions is rarely studied. Herein, two experimental control systems were built to investigate the effect of varying soil Hg(II) concentrations, moistures, and temperature on soil Hg emission in order to obtain the photoreduction rate of soil Hg(II) under varying environmental conditions. The results showed that high soil Hg(II) concentration and high soil temperature can facilitate Hg emission; however, high moisture inhibited Hg emission. In addition, solar radiation is an extremely critical factor for Hg emission and solar radiation-driven photoreduction is an important contribution process for Hg emission; moreover, soil Hg emission is controlled by multiple environmental factors and varies with environmental factors. Through the data fitting and formula calculation, the photoreduction rates under varying conditions are in the range of 1.49–8.54 × 10−10 m2 s−1 W−1, which can be helpful for the construction of a process-based model of soil Hg emission and Hg management in landfills.
{"title":"An attempt to study the photoreduction rate of divalent mercury in landfill cover soils using experimental control systems","authors":"Zhengkai Tao , Yiqing Fan , Qingyun Zhang , Dayong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mercury (Hg) emissions from landfill cover soils are an important source of atmospheric Hg affecting local and regional atmospheric Hg budget. To date, soil Hg emissions have been extensively studied, whereas the photoreduction rate of cover soil Hg(II) under various conditions is rarely studied. Herein, two experimental control systems were built to investigate the effect of varying soil Hg(II) concentrations, moistures, and temperature on soil Hg emission in order to obtain the photoreduction rate of soil Hg(II) under varying environmental conditions. The results showed that high soil Hg(II) concentration and high soil temperature can facilitate Hg emission; however, high moisture inhibited Hg emission. In addition, solar radiation is an extremely critical factor for Hg emission and solar radiation-driven photoreduction is an important contribution process for Hg emission; moreover, soil Hg emission is controlled by multiple environmental factors and varies with environmental factors. Through the data fitting and formula calculation, the photoreduction rates under varying conditions are in the range of 1.49–8.54 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m<sup>2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup> W<sup>−1</sup>, which can be helpful for the construction of a process-based model of soil Hg emission and Hg management in landfills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 87-94"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The hydrothermal (HT) conversion of mixed biomass and plastic waste to hydrochar adsorbents has attracted significant attention; however, factors controlling the structure and adsorption properties of hydrochar remain still poorly understood. Herein, HT treatment of the marine biomass waste (crab shells (CR) and fishery waste-derived chitin (CT) and chitosan (CS)) mixed with plastic waste (polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) at temperatures of 200–250 °C and residence times of 4–12 h was conducted to prepare hydrochars for screening their adsorption characteristics towards ketoprofen, a pharmaceutical pollutant. PET underwent efficient degradation when processed with marine biomass, particularly in mixtures with CS, which facilitated PET depolymerization through an aminolysis reaction. Hydrochars derived from PET mixed with CS demonstrated adsorption capacities for ketoprofen of ca. 25 mg/g due to the presence of the amine, amido, and aromatic groups providing sites for electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions with ketoprofen. The ketoprofen adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich-type isotherm. On the other hand, no significant decomposition of PE was observed during the HT treatment of PE and biomass mixtures even in the presence of H2O2 oxidizer. However, the hydrochars of CS and CR prepared in the presence of PE exhibited markedly improved ketoprofen adsorption capacity compared to hydrochars of CR and CS. The results of this study demonstrate the benefits of combining plastic and biomass in the waste streams to control waste degradation along with the structure and adsorption properties of the hydrochars.
{"title":"Hydrochars of mixed marine biomass and plastic wastes: Carbonization scenarios and the performance as ketoprofen adsorbents","authors":"Khonekeo Kingkhambang, Kayee Chan, Anatoly Zinchenko","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.038","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.038","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hydrothermal (HT) conversion of mixed biomass and plastic waste to hydrochar adsorbents has attracted significant attention; however, factors controlling the structure and adsorption properties of hydrochar remain still poorly understood. Herein, HT treatment of the marine biomass waste (crab shells (CR) and fishery waste-derived chitin (CT) and chitosan (CS)) mixed with plastic waste (polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) at temperatures of 200–250 °C and residence times of 4–12 h was conducted to prepare hydrochars for screening their adsorption characteristics towards ketoprofen, a pharmaceutical pollutant. PET underwent efficient degradation when processed with marine biomass, particularly in mixtures with CS, which facilitated PET depolymerization through an aminolysis reaction. Hydrochars derived from PET mixed with CS demonstrated adsorption capacities for ketoprofen of <em>ca.</em> 25 mg/g due to the presence of the amine, amido, and aromatic groups providing sites for electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions with ketoprofen. The ketoprofen adsorption was best described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich-type isotherm. On the other hand, no significant decomposition of PE was observed during the HT treatment of PE and biomass mixtures even in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> oxidizer. However, the hydrochars of CS and CR prepared in the presence of PE exhibited markedly improved ketoprofen adsorption capacity compared to hydrochars of CR and CS. The results of this study demonstrate the benefits of combining plastic and biomass in the waste streams to control waste degradation along with the structure and adsorption properties of the hydrochars.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 66-76"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.028
Shu Wang , Haoyang Shi , Pingyang Wang
Plasma gasification by which high-temperature plasma jets can be used to rapidly kill various pathogens and produce syngas and other valuable products, is among the most promising technologies for medical waste treatment. Due to the oxidizing and ablative effect of oxidizing gases on plasma torches, this study uses nitrogen as the working gas for plasma torches. This work introduces a hybrid model implemented in Aspen to assess the impact of temperature and gasifying agent flow rate ratios on the molar fractions of constituents in the syngas generated from four types of medical waste: plastic, rubber, fiber, and biomass. Thereafter, the optimal gasification temperatures and flow ratio of gasifying agent were determined. Furthermore, two scalable systems based on nitrogen plasma gasification of medical waste were proposed, one is syngas to power system and the other is syngas to hydrogen system, which realize profitability while harmlessly treating medical waste. Energy and economic analyses were carried out to promote nitrogen plasma technology as a viable and sustainable waste-to-energy technology. Economic analysis shows that considerable returns can be achieved in a relatively short period of time for both systems (2.57 years of waste-to-hydrogen), which demonstrated the economic viability of nitrogen plasma gasification of medical waste system. A comparison of the two scalable systems reveals that both systems have their own appropriate application scenarios.
{"title":"Techno-economic and scalability analysis of nitrogen plasma gasification of medical waste","authors":"Shu Wang , Haoyang Shi , Pingyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.028","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.028","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plasma gasification by which high-temperature plasma jets can be used to rapidly kill various pathogens and produce syngas and other valuable products, is among the most promising technologies for medical waste treatment. Due to the oxidizing and ablative effect of oxidizing gases on plasma torches, this study uses nitrogen as the working gas for plasma torches. This work introduces a hybrid model implemented in Aspen to assess the impact of temperature and gasifying agent flow rate ratios on the molar fractions of constituents in the syngas generated from four types of medical waste: plastic, rubber, fiber, and biomass. Thereafter, the optimal gasification temperatures and flow ratio of gasifying agent were determined. Furthermore, two scalable systems based on nitrogen plasma gasification of medical waste were proposed, one is syngas to power system and the other is syngas to hydrogen system, which realize profitability while harmlessly treating medical waste. Energy and economic analyses were carried out to promote nitrogen plasma technology as a viable and sustainable waste-to-energy technology. Economic analysis shows that considerable returns can be achieved in a relatively short period of time for both systems (2.57 years of waste-to-hydrogen), which demonstrated the economic viability of nitrogen plasma gasification of medical waste system. A comparison of the two scalable systems reveals that both systems have their own appropriate application scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 55-65"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-01DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.044
Evangelia G. Sigala , Paula Gerwin , Christina Chroni , Konstadinos Abeliotis , Christina Strotmann , Katia Lasaridi
This study assesses the effectiveness of an intervention employing an AI-based, fully automatic waste-tracking system for food waste reduction in HORECA establishments. Waste-tracking devices were installed in a restaurant within a holiday resort and a business caterer in Germany, a hotel in Switzerland, and two hotels in Greece. The devices utilize computer vision and advanced deep learning algorithms to automatically weigh and optically segregate food waste in real time. At baseline, total food waste was 76.2–121.0 g/meal for the hotels, 99.4 g/meal for the business caterer, and 151.9 g/meal for the restaurant. Avoidable food waste constituted 45 % to73% of the total, attributable to overproduction (20–92 %) and consumers’ leftovers (8–80 %). The remaining waste was unavoidable, stemming from preparation procedures (47–99 %) and consumers’ leftovers (1–53 %). Vegetables and prepared foods contributed the most to total amounts. This data-driven intervention raised staff awareness towards food waste, facilitating the implementation of corrective actions. Therefore, except for the Swiss hotel that exhibited an increase of 13 %, the intervention was effective in achieving a 23–51 % reduction in food waste, especially in food preparation and overproduction, demonstrating the intervention’s transferability across different settings. Additional evidence supported its long-term sustainability. The cost of wasted food per meal was reduced by up to 39 % compared to the baseline. Future studies should explore combining waste-tracking devices with consumer-level interventions to enhance food waste reduction.
{"title":"Reducing food waste in the HORECA sector using AI-based waste-tracking devices","authors":"Evangelia G. Sigala , Paula Gerwin , Christina Chroni , Konstadinos Abeliotis , Christina Strotmann , Katia Lasaridi","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study assesses the effectiveness of an intervention employing an AI-based, fully automatic waste-tracking system for food waste reduction in HORECA establishments. Waste-tracking devices were installed in a restaurant within a holiday resort and a business caterer in Germany, a hotel in Switzerland, and two hotels in Greece. The devices utilize computer vision and advanced deep learning algorithms to automatically weigh and optically segregate food waste in real time. At baseline, total food waste was 76.2–121.0 g/meal for the hotels, 99.4 g/meal for the business caterer, and 151.9 g/meal for the restaurant. Avoidable food waste constituted 45 % to73% of the total, attributable to overproduction (20–92 %) and consumers’ leftovers (8–80 %). The remaining waste was unavoidable, stemming from preparation procedures (47–99 %) and consumers’ leftovers (1–53 %). Vegetables and prepared foods contributed the most to total amounts. This data-driven intervention raised staff awareness towards food waste, facilitating the implementation of corrective actions. Therefore, except for the Swiss hotel that exhibited an increase of 13 %, the intervention was effective in achieving a 23–51 % reduction in food waste, especially in food preparation and overproduction, demonstrating the intervention’s transferability across different settings. Additional evidence supported its long-term sustainability. The cost of wasted food per meal was reduced by up to 39 % compared to the baseline. Future studies should explore combining waste-tracking devices with consumer-level interventions to enhance food waste reduction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 77-86"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has led to a significant rise in the amount of spent LIBs, necessitating efficient recycling methods to recover valuable materials from the cathodes and anodes. Furthermore, the efficient recycling of graphite anodes (GA) from LIBs has become an important economic and environmental concern because GAs account for nearly 10% of the total production cost. This paper reports on the separation and recovery of GA material and copper (Cu) foil from LIB anode sheets made from in-process end materials that have not been immersed in electrolyte, which mimics in-process scrapped anodes, by performing electrohydraulic fragmentation (EHF) using the pulsed discharge. The previous study of life cycle assessment indicated that the separation method conducted by the discharge involves lower energy consumption and environmental impact. The objective of this study is to experimentally determine the optimal voltage and number of discharge shots for high separation rates of GA particles with low Cu contamination. The results indicate that 5–7 discharge shots at 14–20 kV are useful for separation and satisfy the required conditions for anode recycling, providing a material recovery rate of more than 95% and a Cu concentration of less than 1.0 wt%. The size of the recovered GA particles was smaller, and the size distribution was narrower as the discharge voltage of EHF increased. This study suggests that EHF is a useful and novel method for the separation from the LIB cathode, which is required in the recycling process.
{"title":"Separation and recovery of the active material from Cu foils in lithium-ion battery anodes by electrohydraulic fragmentation using pulsed discharge","authors":"Taketoshi Koita , Yuto Imaizumi , Asako Narita , Yutaro Takaya , Yosuke Kita , Hiroyuki Akashi , Takao Namihira , Chiharu Tokoro","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has led to a significant rise in the amount of spent LIBs, necessitating efficient recycling methods to recover valuable materials from the cathodes and anodes. Furthermore, the efficient recycling of graphite anodes (GA) from LIBs has become an important economic and environmental concern because GAs account for nearly 10% of the total production cost. This paper reports on the separation and recovery of GA material and copper (Cu) foil from LIB anode sheets made from in-process end materials that have not been immersed in electrolyte, which mimics in-process scrapped anodes, by performing electrohydraulic fragmentation (EHF) using the pulsed discharge. The previous study of life cycle assessment indicated that the separation method conducted by the discharge involves lower energy consumption and environmental impact. The objective of this study is to experimentally determine the optimal voltage and number of discharge shots for high separation rates of GA particles with low Cu contamination. The results indicate that 5–7 discharge shots at 14–20 kV are useful for separation and satisfy the required conditions for anode recycling, providing a material recovery rate of more than 95% and a Cu concentration of less than 1.0 wt%. The size of the recovered GA particles was smaller, and the size distribution was narrower as the discharge voltage of EHF increased. This study suggests that EHF is a useful and novel method for the separation from the LIB cathode, which is required in the recycling process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 46-54"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143519637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.035
Jialong Tang , Jingchen Zou , Qianlan Li , Qingdan Wu , Xiaochen Zheng , Jun Fang , Zhihua Xiao
The widespread application of biogas projects generates substantial amounts of waste fermentation residue. Further treatment of fermentation residues facilitates resource utilization, ensures safe disposal, and is anticipated to enhance the economic returns of biogas projects. Herein, catalytic liquefaction of pig manure fermentation residue to produce biocrude oil was investigated using various alkaline catalysts at 340 ℃ with ethanol as the solvent. Biocrude oils were analyzed by elemental analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), thermogravimetric analysis, and kinetic analysis. The maximum biocrude oil yield (45.24 wt%) was obtained with the KOH catalyst. Additionally, the biocrude oil produced by the catalysis of CaO exhibited the maximum higher heating value at 44.18 MJ/kg. GC–MS results showed that KOH and K2CO3 considerably increased the content of phenols and hydrocarbons in the biocrude while reducing nitrogenous compounds. All alkaline catalysts effectively reduced the activation energy of biocrude oil compared to biocrude oil without catalyst. The maximum reduction in activation energy (18.73 %) was achieved with the addition of Na2CO3. More importantly, adding CaO not only increased the yield and higher heating value of biocrude oil but also reduced nitrogenous compounds and activation energy, improving the overall yield and quality. Overall, this work provides an effective and promising method to convert pig manure fermentation residue into green high-quality biocrude oil, simultaneously providing an economical and environmentally friendly waste management strategy for the fermentation industry.
{"title":"Alkaline catalytic liquefaction of pig manure fermentation residue in ethanol solvent for the production of high-quality biocrude oil","authors":"Jialong Tang , Jingchen Zou , Qianlan Li , Qingdan Wu , Xiaochen Zheng , Jun Fang , Zhihua Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread application of biogas projects generates substantial amounts of waste fermentation residue. Further treatment of fermentation residues facilitates resource utilization, ensures safe disposal, and is anticipated to enhance the economic returns of biogas projects. Herein, catalytic liquefaction of pig manure fermentation residue to produce biocrude oil was investigated using various alkaline catalysts at 340 ℃ with ethanol as the solvent. Biocrude oils were analyzed by elemental analysis, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS), thermogravimetric analysis, and kinetic analysis. The maximum biocrude oil yield (45.24 wt%) was obtained with the KOH catalyst. Additionally, the biocrude oil produced by the catalysis of CaO exhibited the maximum higher heating value at 44.18 MJ/kg. GC–MS results showed that KOH and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> considerably increased the content of phenols and hydrocarbons in the biocrude while reducing nitrogenous compounds. All alkaline catalysts effectively reduced the activation energy of biocrude oil compared to biocrude oil without catalyst. The maximum reduction in activation energy (18.73 %) was achieved with the addition of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>. More importantly, adding CaO not only increased the yield and higher heating value of biocrude oil but also reduced nitrogenous compounds and activation energy, improving the overall yield and quality. Overall, this work provides an effective and promising method to convert pig manure fermentation residue into green high-quality biocrude oil, simultaneously providing an economical and environmentally friendly waste management strategy for the fermentation industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"197 ","pages":"Pages 86-93"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143508767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.043
Joanna Drzeżdżon , Janusz Datta
Polyurethanes pose significant environmental challenges due to their limited recyclability and slow biodegradation. This review highlights recent advancements in polyurethanes degradation and recycling, with a particular focus on the application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization techniques. This methods have made significant progress in analyzing environmental contamination by polyurethanes, offering a detailed understanding of degradation products and polymer structures. The review discusses key advancements in biostimulation and bioaugmentation strategies that have led to notable improvements in polyurethanes degradation rates in soils, offering potential solutions for large-scale waste management. Additionally, the comparative advantages of recycling methods, such as glycolysis, aminolysis, and hydrolysis, are highlighted, focusing on their efficiency, environmental impact, and potential for industrial application. The scalability of these technologies is also considered, with potential for broad implementation in the recycling industry. Furthermore, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization techniques are examined as a powerful tool for analyzing polyurethanes-based waste, with insights into optimizing sample preparation and improving detection sensitivity for large-scale applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging trends in polyurethanes degradation and recycling, emphasizing their industrial relevance and future prospects.
{"title":"Advances in the degradation and recycling of polyurethanes: biodegradation strategies, MALDI applications, and environmental implications","authors":"Joanna Drzeżdżon , Janusz Datta","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.043","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethanes pose significant environmental challenges due to their limited recyclability and slow biodegradation. This review highlights recent advancements in polyurethanes degradation and recycling, with a particular focus on the application of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization techniques. This methods have made significant progress in analyzing environmental contamination by polyurethanes, offering a detailed understanding of degradation products and polymer structures. The review discusses key advancements in biostimulation and bioaugmentation strategies that have led to notable improvements in polyurethanes degradation rates in soils, offering potential solutions for large-scale waste management. Additionally, the comparative advantages of recycling methods, such as glycolysis, aminolysis, and hydrolysis, are highlighted, focusing on their efficiency, environmental impact, and potential for industrial application. The scalability of these technologies is also considered, with potential for broad implementation in the recycling industry. Furthermore, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization techniques are examined as a powerful tool for analyzing polyurethanes-based waste, with insights into optimizing sample preparation and improving detection sensitivity for large-scale applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current and emerging trends in polyurethanes degradation and recycling, emphasizing their industrial relevance and future prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 21-45"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143512721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.042
Yu Zhang , Tianfeng Wang , Lingying Wang , Yuqian Zhang , Zifan Liu , Mudan Zhong , Haizhou Huang , Peilin Guo , Dan Luo , Jining Zhang , Yuanshun Xu , Jixiang Chen
Cow dung and wheat straw are rich in lignocellulose, which has a complex structure, making it difficult to biodegrade. This study investigated the promotion of composting effectiveness and product fertility by adding nanobubble water (Air, CO2, He, and N2) during aerobic composting of cow dung and wheat straw. Nanobubble water prolonged the high-temperature period by 1–2 days, increased the activity of soil urease and soil ligninase, reduced the lignocellulose content by 1.4 %–6.1 %, and increased the total potassium/total phosphorus ratio of the final compost products by 1.8 %–3.5 %/31.6 %–43.0 %. Nanobubble water of N2 significantly increased the total nitrogen of final compost products by 8.3 %. The lignocellulose content was significantly positively correlated with the moisture content, but significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundances of Georgenia and Marinimicrobium. The final compost products of the nanobubble water groups significantly increased the total biomass of cabbage by 37.1 %–195.3 %. The results showed that adding nanobubble water to aerobic compost of cow dung and wheat straw improved the biodegradation of lignocellulose and enriched the nutrient elements (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium) of the final compost products. Among the four types of nanobubble water, N2-containing nanobubble water is the most promising.
{"title":"Enhancing aerobic composting of cow dung and wheat straw with nanobubble water: Improved lignocellulose degradation and nutrient enrichment for increased crop biomass","authors":"Yu Zhang , Tianfeng Wang , Lingying Wang , Yuqian Zhang , Zifan Liu , Mudan Zhong , Haizhou Huang , Peilin Guo , Dan Luo , Jining Zhang , Yuanshun Xu , Jixiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.042","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cow dung and wheat straw are rich in lignocellulose, which has a complex structure, making it difficult to biodegrade. This study investigated the promotion of composting effectiveness and product fertility by adding nanobubble water (Air, CO<sub>2</sub>, He, and N<sub>2</sub>) during aerobic composting of cow dung and wheat straw. Nanobubble water prolonged the high-temperature period by 1–2 days, increased the activity of soil urease and soil ligninase, reduced the lignocellulose content by 1.4 %–6.1 %, and increased the total potassium/total phosphorus ratio of the final compost products by 1.8 %–3.5 %/31.6 %–43.0 %. Nanobubble water of N<sub>2</sub> significantly increased the total nitrogen of final compost products by 8.3 %. The lignocellulose content was significantly positively correlated with the moisture content, but significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundances of <em>Georgenia</em> and <em>Marinimicrobium</em>. The final compost products of the nanobubble water groups significantly increased the total biomass of cabbage by 37.1 %–195.3 %. The results showed that adding nanobubble water to aerobic compost of cow dung and wheat straw improved the biodegradation of lignocellulose and enriched the nutrient elements (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium) of the final compost products. Among the four types of nanobubble water, N<sub>2</sub>-containing nanobubble water is the most promising.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.037
Zhao Li , Meiling Zhang , Fei Li , Sheng Shi , Shuhua Wang , Chengyong Gao , Yiming Li
Denim is a relatively thick, yarn-dyed cotton fabric with a warp-faced twill weave. It is one of the most iconic types of clothing, highly popular and consumed in large quantities. The strength and colour status of discarded denim are complex and difficult to reuse, and more than 80 per cent are incinerated or disposed of in landfills. This study proposes a new strategy for recycling denim apparel with high efficiency and value-added regeneration based on the structural characteristics of denim and the state of denim after disposal: The solvent method removes the color from the fabric, and the relationship between the decolorization process, decolorization rate, and whiteness is established. Waste denim garments that meet the textile process standards are physically opened to form regenerative fibres, which are returned to the textile system, whereas fibres without spinnability are chemically degraded to microcrystalline cellulose, which has a wide range of applications and is of higher value; Decolourisation solvents can be recycled, and the recovered dyestuffs can be reupholstered for the dyeing of new cotton fabrics. This strategy allows for fully recycling all components of discarded denim garments of different qualities while avoiding the high costs and waste management problems associated with crude chemical depolymerisation.
{"title":"Recycling of waste denim: A stepwise utilisation strategy for clean decolourisation, opening and degradation","authors":"Zhao Li , Meiling Zhang , Fei Li , Sheng Shi , Shuhua Wang , Chengyong Gao , Yiming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Denim is a relatively thick, yarn-dyed cotton fabric with a warp-faced twill weave. It is one of the most iconic types of clothing, highly popular and consumed in large quantities. The strength and colour status of discarded denim are complex and difficult to reuse, and more than 80 per cent are incinerated or disposed of in landfills. This study proposes a new strategy for recycling denim apparel with high efficiency and value-added regeneration based on the structural characteristics of denim and the state of denim after disposal: The solvent method removes the color from the fabric, and the relationship between the decolorization process, decolorization rate, and whiteness is established. Waste denim garments that meet the textile process standards are physically opened to form regenerative fibres, which are returned to the textile system, whereas fibres without spinnability are chemically degraded to microcrystalline cellulose, which has a wide range of applications and is of higher value; Decolourisation solvents can be recycled, and the recovered dyestuffs can be reupholstered for the dyeing of new cotton fabrics. This strategy allows for fully recycling all components of discarded denim garments of different qualities while avoiding the high costs and waste management problems associated with crude chemical depolymerisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"198 ","pages":"Pages 12-20"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143509197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Only a few works have contributed to quantifying the potential impacts of mismanaged plastics at the end-of-life stage. The MarILCA working group has developed characterization factors (CFs) to include the aquatic compartment, however, the terrestrial compartment remains a methodological gap. This work contributes to the quantification of the potential impacts of polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as well as their potential market substitutes plastic biopolymers (BPs) (PHA- and PLA-based) in the terrestrial compartment. Emission-based CFs have been developed to quantify their impacts through physical effects on biota related to microplastic ingestion, and ecotoxicological effects due to additives release. Fate factors (FFs) were derived from Plastic Footprint Network data and studies on accelerated photooxidation, the primary degradation pathway in the terrestrial compartment. Effect factors (EFs) were developed by the USEtox recommendations based on literature data on the physical and ecotoxicological impacts related to microplastics ingestion and additives release. An exposure factor (XF) of 1 was applied, as the CFs integrate potential impacts without distinguishing between short- and long-term effects. The study found that additives pose a greater environmental risk than microplastics ingestion, with CFs 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in the terrestrial compartment and even higher in the aquatic compartment. It is, therefore, essential to consider both the terrestrial and aquatic compartments to understand the impact of plastic pollution comprehensively. Finally, the study also found that the CFs of BPs are close to petrochemical plastics, underling the importance of proper waste management for the environmental performance of BPs.
{"title":"Terrestrial characterization factors for bio- and fossil-based plastics: microplastics ingestion and additives release","authors":"Brais Vázquez-Vázquez , Massimo Lazzari , Almudena Hospido","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Only a few works have contributed to quantifying the potential impacts of mismanaged plastics at the end-of-life stage. The MarILCA working group has developed characterization factors (CFs) to include the aquatic compartment, however, the terrestrial compartment remains a methodological gap. This work contributes to the quantification of the potential impacts of polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) as well as their potential market substitutes plastic biopolymers (BPs) (PHA- and PLA-based) in the terrestrial compartment. Emission-based CFs have been developed to quantify their impacts through physical effects on biota related to microplastic ingestion, and ecotoxicological effects due to additives release. Fate factors (FFs) were derived from Plastic Footprint Network data and studies on accelerated photooxidation, the primary degradation pathway in the terrestrial compartment. Effect factors (EFs) were developed by the USEtox recommendations based on literature data on the physical and ecotoxicological impacts related to microplastics ingestion and additives release. An exposure factor (XF) of 1 was applied, as the CFs integrate potential impacts without distinguishing between short- and long-term effects. The study found that additives pose a greater environmental risk than microplastics ingestion, with CFs 3 to 4 orders of magnitude higher in the terrestrial compartment and even higher in the aquatic compartment. It is, therefore, essential to consider both the terrestrial and aquatic compartments to understand the impact of plastic pollution comprehensively. Finally, the study also found that the CFs of BPs are close to petrochemical plastics, underling the importance of proper waste management for the environmental performance of BPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 106-114"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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