Waste management最新文献_第6页

Advanced recycling and identification system for discarded capacitors utilizing laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technology 利用激光诱导击穿光谱技术的先进废旧电容器回收识别系统。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.044

Wenhan Gao , Boyuan Han , Yanpeng Ye , Yuyao Cai , Jun Feng , Yihui Yan , Yuzhu Liu

In the modern electronics industry, with the rapid development of technology and the quick turnover of electronic products, the production of electronic waste (e-waste) has also dramatically increased. Among these, discarded capacitors are a significant component of e-waste. These old capacitors not only contain harmful chemicals but are also rich in economically recoverable precious metals like Nb and Ag. This study specifically aims to enhance the classification of discarded capacitors to enable more efficient recycling and resource recovery.Traditional methods of capacitor classification mainly rely on manual identification, which is inefficient and limited in accuracy. To enhance the efficiency and accuracy of classification, this study introduces, for the first time, the combination of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) technology and machine learning for the classification of capacitors. The Backpropagation Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) algorithms can be trained to automatically identify and classify discarded capacitors. To achieve better performance, we developed a novel algorithm called the Optimized Feature Extraction Variance Algorithm (OFEVA), which addresses the limitations of existing methods by significantly improving the accuracy of the classification model. Compared to training with principal component scores data from traditional Principal Component Analysis (PCA), training with OFEVA achieves higher classification accuracy and computational efficiency.This innovative approach not only helps increase the recycling rate of discarded capacitors and reduce environmental pollution but also provides significant technical support for the reuse of resources, thereby making an important contribution to the fields of environmental protection and resource recycling. In addition, the spectral lines of pure niobium have been calibrated for the first time in this paper, providing important data for further spectroscopic studies.

在现代电子工业中，随着科技的飞速发展和电子产品的快速周转，电子垃圾（e-waste）的产生量也急剧增加。其中，废弃的电容器是电子垃圾的重要组成部分。这些旧电容器不仅含有有害化学物质，而且还富含经济上可回收的贵金属，如铌和银。本研究旨在加强对废弃电容器的分类，以便更有效地回收和资源回收。传统的电容器分类方法主要依靠人工识别，效率低，准确度有限。为了提高分类的效率和准确性，本研究首次引入激光诱导击穿光谱（LIBS）技术与机器学习相结合的电容器分类方法。反向传播人工神经网络（BP-ANN）算法可以用于自动识别和分类废弃电容器。为了获得更好的性能，我们开发了一种新的算法，称为优化特征提取方差算法（OFEVA），该算法通过显着提高分类模型的准确性来解决现有方法的局限性。与传统主成分分析（PCA）的主成分得分数据进行训练相比，OFEVA训练具有更高的分类精度和计算效率。这种创新的方法不仅有助于提高废弃电容器的回收率，减少环境污染，而且为资源的再利用提供了重要的技术支持，从而为环境保护和资源循环利用领域做出了重要贡献。此外，本文还首次对纯铌的谱线进行了标定，为进一步的光谱研究提供了重要的数据。

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引用次数: 0

Dry solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in waste incineration fly ash by mayenite 垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯盐和重金属的梅氏岩干固化研究。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.035

Xin Li , Dongdong Ge , Nanwen Zhu , Yukai Zong , Shi Cheng , Pin Zhou , Min Jiang , Yun Gu , Shouqiang Huang

There are hazardous substances such as chloride salts and heavy metals in the municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (WIFA). During thermal treatment, the concentrated chlorides promote the volatilization of heavy metals, increasing the ecological risk. The water washing method is also employed as a pre-treatment for WIFA, but a substantial volume of wastewater with high chloride content is produced that poses challenges for effective treatment. This study integrates chemical stabilization with heat treatment method and suggests the utilization of a calcium aluminum oxide-mayenite (CA) for the solidification of chloride salts and heavy metals in WIFA. The experimental results indicate that adding CA for heat treatment has a significant solidification effect on chlorides. Under the conditions of WIFA: CA mass ratio of 1: 1 and temperature of 1200 °C, the chloride ions were solidified by forming Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂Cl₂, with a fixation efficiency of up to 85 %, and most of the chlorides in WIFA became insoluble instead of soluble. Most of the heavy metals in WIFA were immobilized and doped into the crystal structure of CA, forming the catalytic metal-rich Ca₁₂Al₁₄O₃₂Cl₂ phase, which was subsequently applied to the degradation of chlorobenzene. Under an initial concentration of 512 ppm, the degradation efficiency of chlorobenzene reached 50.4 %. Through the introduction of CA, not only the solidification of chloride and heavy metals is achieved, but the high-value resource utilization of the final heat treatment product is also realized, providing a new method for the disposal of fly ash.

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中含有氯化物盐和重金属等有害物质。在热处理过程中，高浓度氯化物促进重金属的挥发，增加了生态风险。水洗法也被用作WIFA的预处理方法，但会产生大量氯化物含量高的废水，这给有效处理带来了挑战。本研究将化学稳定与热处理方法相结合，提出了一种钙铝氧化物-梅氏岩（CA）用于氟化铝中氯化物盐和重金属的固化。实验结果表明，在热处理过程中加入CA对氯化物有明显的凝固效果。在WIFA: CA质量比为1:1、温度为1200℃的条件下，氯离子通过形成Ca12Al14O32Cl2进行固化，固化效率高达85%，WIFA中的氯离子大部分由可溶变为不溶。WIFA中的大部分重金属被固定并掺杂到CA的晶体结构中，形成富金属的催化物Ca12Al14O32Cl2相，随后应用于氯苯的降解。在初始浓度为512 ppm时，对氯苯的降解效率达到50.4%。通过CA的引入，不仅实现了氯化物和重金属的固化，还实现了最终热处理产物的高价值资源化利用，为粉煤灰的处理提供了一种新的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient reduction of electric arc furnace dust by CO/H2 derived from waste biomass: Biomass gasification, zinc removal kinetics and mechanism 废生物质CO/H2高效还原电弧炉粉尘：生物质气化、除锌动力学及机理

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.049

Xingnan Huo , Dingzheng Wang , Jinlin Yang , Shaojian Ma

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) represents hazardous solid waste that poses substantial environmental risks, necessitating the urgent development of green and efficient recycling methods. Biomass, a renewable and carbon–neutral resource, offers a viable solution. This study proposes a synergistic process that integrates biomass gasification with reducing EAFD. The kinetics of zinc removal during the process were examined, and the synergistic reaction mechanisms between biomass gasification and EAFD reduction were analyzed through PY-GC/MS, SEM/EDS, XRD, TEM, and thermodynamic calculations. The findings demonstrated an exceptional zinc removal efficiency of 99.88%, governed primarily by interfacial chemical reactions. The synergistic reactions mutually enhanced the reduction of EAFD and the reforming of pyrolysis products. Furthermore, the process achieved low carbon emissions owing to the carbon cycle established through coupling reactions between the dust and biomass.

电弧炉粉尘是危害环境的有害固体废物，迫切需要开发绿色高效的回收方法。生物质，一种可再生的碳中性资源，提供了一个可行的解决方案。本研究提出了一种将生物质气化与减少EAFD相结合的协同过程。通过PY-GC/MS、SEM/EDS、XRD、TEM和热力学计算分析了生物质气化与EAFD还原之间的协同反应机理。研究结果表明，锌的去除效率为99.88%，主要由界面化学反应决定。协同反应相互促进了EAFD的还原和热解产物的重整。此外，由于通过粉尘和生物质之间的耦合反应建立了碳循环，该过程实现了低碳排放。

引用次数: 0

Supercritical CO2 coupled with water washing to enhance the removal of chlorine in MSWI fly ash together with its carbon sequestration function 超临界二氧化碳与水洗相结合，可提高 MSWI 粉煤灰中氯的去除率和固碳功能。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.028

Huan Wang, Fenfen Zhu, Renhua Chen, Yuqun Qiu, Bing Zhao

The high chlorine content in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash is a key factor restricting its treatment and disposal. In this study, a new treatment method was proposed to enhance the deep dechlorination of fly ash by coupling supercritical CO₂ (SC) treatment with water washing. Simultaneously the alkaline compounds in fly ash can fix CO₂ and achieve CO₂ credits. The results showed that supercritical CO₂ significantly improved the removal of chlorine. The treatment of “double water washing + SC + washing again” reduced the chlorine content in fly ash to 0.83 %, while “SC + double water washing + SC + washing again” reduced the chlorine content to 0.88 %, and the removal rate of chlorine was as high as 96.8 % and 96.5 %, respectively. In addition, supercritical CO₂ promoted the decomposition of insoluble chloride (Friedel’s salt) and the removal rate of insoluble chloride salts can reach 89.1 %. On the other hand, after supercritical CO₂ treatment, fly ash can quickly and efficiently absorb CO₂, and the amount of CO₂ absorbed after two supercritical CO₂ treatments was 64 g/kg. Lastly, supercritical CO₂ could significantly stabilize heavy metals in fly ash and reduce the concentrations of Pb and Cr in the washing solution.

城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中氯含量过高是制约其处理处置的关键因素。本研究提出了一种超临界CO2与水洗耦合处理粉煤灰深度脱氯的新方法。同时，粉煤灰中的碱性化合物可以固定CO2，实现CO2积分。结果表明，超临界CO2显著提高了氯的去除率。“双水洗+ SC +再洗”处理可使粉煤灰氯含量降至0.83%，而“SC +双水洗+ SC +再洗”处理可使粉煤灰氯含量降至0.88%，氯去除率分别高达96.8%和96.5%。此外，超临界CO2促进了不溶性氯化物（弗里德尔盐）的分解，不溶性氯化物的去除率可达89.1%。另一方面，粉煤灰经过超临界CO2处理后，能够快速有效地吸收CO2，两次超临界CO2处理后的CO2吸收量为64 g/kg。最后，超临界CO2对飞灰中的重金属具有明显的稳定作用，降低了洗涤液中Pb和Cr的浓度。

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引用次数: 0

Targeted metals extraction from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 batteries via thermochemical-induced sulfation roasting: Thermodynamics & kinetics 通过热化学诱导硫化焙烧从废旧镍钴锰电池中定向提取金属：热力学和动力学。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.025

Liumei Teng , Weizao Liu , Xu Duan , Zhuo Li , Cai Chen , Zhenghao Wang , Jian Yang , Qingcai Liu

To alleviate the energy crisis and control environmental pollution raised by spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the development of efficient and economic methods for their recycling is crucial for sustainable development of new energy industry. Herein, a combined pyro − hydrometallurgical process was adopted for recovery of valuable metal elements for spent LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂ (NCM523). Different from conventional pyrometallurgical methods with high temperature and energy consumption, the NH₄HSO₄ roasting strategy works at 400 °C and achieves remarkable leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Mn, and Ni achieved 97.5 %, 91.4 %, 91.3 %, and 95.50 %, respectively. Under the ideal conditions, abundant water-soluble metal-ammine-sulfates and metal-sulfates were revolved from NCM523. The process factors, including sulfation-roasting temperature, reagent mass ratio, roasting time, are intensively studied. Furthermore, a plausible reaction mechanism was deeply investigated with assistance of macro–micro scale, thermodynamic and kinetic analysis. Wherein, the Li of the NCM523 first react sufficiently with NH₄HSO₄ owing to higher thermodynamic/kinetic motivation at the primary stage during the sulfation-roasting procedure. Subsequently, the transition metal (Ni, Co, and Mn) from the lithium-depleted NCM523 would revolve to corresponding metal-ammine-sulfates or metal sulfates, and their sulfation-roasting kinetics conformed to the unreacted nuclear model. This study proposed an alternative green route of low energy consumption and acid-free procedure for recovering spent NCM batteries, which is conducive to industrial-scale recycling of waste LIBs in the future.

为缓解废旧锂离子电池带来的能源危机，控制废旧锂离子电池对环境的污染，开发高效、经济的废旧锂离子电池回收方法对新能源产业的可持续发展至关重要。本文采用热湿联合冶金工艺对废LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 （NCM523）进行了有价金属元素的回收。不同于传统高温高能耗的火法冶金方法，在400℃时采用NH4HSO4焙烧策略，Li、Co、Mn和Ni的浸出效率分别达到97.5%、91.4%、91.3%和95.50%。在理想条件下，可从NCM523中分离出丰富的水溶性金属胺硫酸盐和金属硫酸盐。着重研究了硫化焙烧温度、药剂质量比、焙烧时间等工艺因素。并结合宏观微观尺度、热力学和动力学分析，对反应机理进行了深入探讨。其中，NCM523的Li首先与NH4HSO4充分反应，因为在硫酸盐焙烧过程的初级阶段有较高的热力学/动力学动机。随后，从锂耗尽的NCM523中，过渡金属（Ni、Co和Mn）会旋转成相应的金属胺硫酸盐或金属硫酸盐，其硫酸盐焙烧动力学符合未反应核模型。本研究提出了一种低能耗、无酸工艺回收废NCM电池的绿色替代路线，有利于未来实现废锂的工业规模回收。

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引用次数: 0

Aligning priorities: A Comparative analysis of scientific and policy perspectives on municipal solid waste management 调整优先事项：城市固体废物管理的科学和政策观点的比较分析。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.031

Miguel Rodrigues , João Alexandre Antunes , Vera Miguéis

Municipal solid waste (MSW) management has become a critical issue today, posing substantial economic, environmental, and social challenges. Identifying and analyzing dominant themes in this field is essential for advancing research and policies towards sustainable MSW management practices. This study aims to explore the key issues related to MSW management that have been addressed by both the scientific community and policymakers through funded projects. By doing so, the study seeks to guide the scientific community as a knowledge producer and the EU as a key funder. Two Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) models were applied to analyze the themes from two corpora: one representing scientific literature and another focusing on EU-funded projects. Additionally, this analysis was complemented by a quantitative estimation of the similarity between the two corpora, providing a measure of alignment between the scientific community and policymakers. The results generally indicate that the two spheres are aligned and highlight the diversity of topics explored by the scientific community. Nevertheless, it is concluded that there are opportunities for further research on specific topics, such as leaching and the extraction of heavy metals. Additionally, the popularity of topics identified in European Union-funded projects has fluctuated considerably over time, focusing primarily on waste management rather than its prevention. In light of these findings, waste prevention emerges as a promising avenue for future EU-funded research initiatives.

城市固体废物（MSW）管理已成为当今的一个关键问题，带来了巨大的经济、环境和社会挑战。识别和分析该领域的主要主题对于推进可持续城市固体废物管理实践的研究和政策至关重要。本研究旨在探讨与都市固体废物管理有关的关键问题，这些问题已被科学界和政策制定者通过资助项目解决。通过这样做，该研究试图引导科学界作为知识生产者和欧盟作为关键资助者。两个潜在狄利克雷分配（LDA）模型被应用于分析来自两个语料库的主题：一个代表科学文献，另一个侧重于欧盟资助的项目。此外，这一分析还得到了对两个语料库之间相似性的定量估计的补充，提供了科学界和决策者之间一致性的衡量标准。结果总体上表明，这两个领域是一致的，并突出了科学界探索的主题的多样性。尽管如此，结论是有机会进一步研究具体问题，如浸出和提取重金属。此外，欧洲联盟资助的项目所确定的主题的受欢迎程度在一段时间内波动很大，主要侧重于废物管理，而不是预防。鉴于这些发现，防止浪费成为未来欧盟资助的研究计划的一个有希望的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Pollution analysis of micro/nano meters glass particles and benzene produced from the friction cleaning process for the recovery of waste glass 废玻璃回收摩擦清洗工艺产生的微纳玻璃颗粒及苯污染分析

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.045

Yusen Wu, Chunmu Wang, Ying Shen, Jujun Ruan

Friction cleaning can effectively remove the paint coating (adhesive organic impurities) on the surface of waste glass, and promote the closed-loop recovery of urban silicic acid resources in industrial applications. However, due to a large number of mechanical collisions and wear during use, it is easy to produce powder dust and organic waste gas, and the pollution characteristics and mechanism have not been studied. In this study, the ball milling experiment was designed and the pollutants were tested and evaluated. The results show that a large number of micro/nano meters glass particles with an average size of less than 4.5 μm are generated by low-speed ball milling, and the risk of inhalation is as high as 50.75 mg/kg·m³. Main organic waste gases include cyclopropane, hexane, but-2-ene, and benzene with the value of Incremental lifetime cancer risk reaching 3.4 × 10⁻² indicating definite carcinogenic risks for benzene exposure. The C–C bond between hydroxyl acrylic acid molecules and the C–O bond between phenolic propylene oxide molecules are easily broken to form small molecular chains, and the complex product is due to the complex cross-linking with the silane coupling agent. It is suggested that a special dust collector for micro/nano meters glass particles should be added while adopting an activated carbon catalytic combustion process to treat VOCs in the exhaust gas. This study revealed the contamination of micro/nano meters glass particles and benzene during friction cleaning to remove organic coatings in waste glass recycling.

摩擦清洗可有效去除废玻璃表面的油漆涂层（胶粘剂有机杂质），促进工业应用中城市硅酸资源的闭环回收。但在使用过程中由于大量的机械碰撞和磨损，容易产生粉末粉尘和有机废气，其污染特征和机理尚未研究。本研究设计了球磨试验，并对污染物进行了检测和评价。结果表明：低速球磨会产生大量平均粒径小于4.5 μm的微纳玻璃颗粒，其吸入风险高达50.75 mg/kg·m3；主要有机废气有环丙烷、己烷、丁-2-烯和苯，终生致癌风险增量值达到3.4 × 10-2，表明苯暴露存在明确的致癌风险。羟基丙烯酸分子之间的C-C键和酚醛环氧丙烷分子之间的C-O键容易断裂形成小分子链，而络合物产物是由于与硅烷偶联剂的络合物交联而产生的。建议在采用活性炭催化燃烧工艺处理废气中VOCs的同时，增加针对微/纳米玻璃颗粒的专用除尘器。研究了废玻璃回收中摩擦清洗去除有机涂层过程中微纳玻璃颗粒和苯的污染。

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引用次数: 0

Assessment of co-pyrolysis of polyethylene terephthalate with waste cooking oil: Kinetic study and impact on the chemical constituents of the liquid product 聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯与废食用油共热解的评估：动力学研究及其对液体产品化学成分的影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.017

Mirele Santana Sá, Tarcísio Martins, Josué Alves Melo, Jhonattas de Carvalho Carregosa, Alberto Wisniewski Jr

Post-consumer waste management systems have proven insufficient to meet the growing global demand. In this context, adopting alternative pathways that complement established practices, such as chemical recycling, becomes essential. Accordingly, this study evaluated the potential of the co-pyrolysis process to manage polyethylene terephthalate (PET) residues and waste cooking oil (WCO), converting them into industrial inputs. Three mixing ratios between PET and WCO were evaluated, assessing their synergistic effects through kinetic studies and comprehensive characterization of the final liquid product. The interaction between PET and WCO in the evaluated mixtures reduced the activation energy of thermal degradation by ∼ 40 % compared to raw PET, improving the energy viability of the process. The addition of WCO to the thermal conversion of PET favored the cracking of the polymer, thus the yield of the pyrolytic liquid increased from 44.41 % by weight to 59.38 % in the PW (2:1) mixture, 71.06 % in PW (1:1) and 79.86 % in PW (1:2). The synergistic interaction between the feedstocks led to an increase in terephthalic acid (TPA) production compared to the individual pyrolysis of PET. When PET and WCO were mixed in proportions of 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2, TPA production increased by 167 %, 73 % and 58 %, respectively. Moreover, the production of highly aromatic compounds was inhibited during co-pyrolysis, favoring the formation of less aromatic species. The results showed that the simultaneous management of wastes from co-pyrolysis offers advantages to the production process, presenting itself as a promising approach for the management and production of chemical inputs from PET and WCO.

消费后废物管理系统已被证明不足以满足日益增长的全球需求。在这种情况下，采用替代途径补充既定做法，如化学回收，变得至关重要。因此，本研究评估了共热解工艺在处理聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）残留物和废食用油（WCO）方面的潜力，并将其转化为工业投入。对PET和WCO的三种混合比例进行了评价，通过动力学研究和最终液体产品的综合表征来评估它们的协同效应。与原料PET相比，经评估的混合物中PET和WCO之间的相互作用使热降解的活化能降低了约40%，提高了该工艺的能量活力。在PW（2:1）、PW（1:1）和PW（1:2）混合物中，WCO的加入有利于聚合物的裂解，热解液的产率分别从44.41%提高到59.38%、71.06%和79.86%。与PET单独热解相比，原料之间的协同作用导致对苯二甲酸（TPA）的产量增加。当PET和WCO以2:1、1:1和1:2的比例混合时，TPA的产量分别提高了167%、73%和58%。此外，在共热解过程中，高芳香族化合物的生成被抑制，有利于低芳香族物质的形成。结果表明，同时管理共热解产生的废物对生产过程具有优势，为PET和WCO的化学投入物的管理和生产提供了一种有前途的方法。

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引用次数: 0

Catalytic pyrolysis of oxygen-containing waste polycarbonate for the preparation of carbon nanotubes and H2-rich syngas 含氧废聚碳酸酯催化热解制备碳纳米管和富h2合成气。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.022

Pengpeng Luan , Tiecheng Liu , Jinglan Wang , Beibei Yan , Guanyi Chen , Zhanjun Cheng

In this study, ex-situ catalytic pyrolysis of oxygen-containing polycarbonate (PC) was conducted to prepare carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and H₂-rich syngas. This study examined the influence of the active metal components (Ni and Fe), catalyst pre-reduction, and pre-deoxygenation of pyrolysis volatiles on the catalytic performance and mechanism. Results show that the reductive constituents in pyrolysis volatiles make it difficult to reduce the Fe oxides, thus hindering the CNTs growth on Fe catalysts, compared to Ni catalysts. H₂ pre-reduction of Ni and Fe catalysts enhances the generation of CNTs and syngas. The pre-reduced Fe catalyst exhibits better carbon deposit performance, reaching 263 mg/g_plastics. The pre-reduced Ni catalyst better facilitates the reforming reaction of CO₂ and H₂O, resulting in higher syngas yields of 32.75 mmol/g_plastics, with a volume proportion of 94.4 vol%. The addition of the deoxygenation catalyst Ni/HZSM-5 promotes the growth of CNTs with fewer defects and higher graphitization on Ni catalysts. The excess CO₂ and H₂O generated by the introduction of Ni/HZSM-5 may oxidize the Fe⁰ on pre-reduced Fe catalysts, inhibiting the growth of CNTs. The mechanism of the growth of CNTs and syngas from PC is also explored. The findings can provide theoretical guidance for the disposal of waste plastics.

本研究对含氧聚碳酸酯（PC）进行了非原位催化热解，制备了碳纳米管（CNTs）和富h2合成气。本研究考察了活性金属组分（Ni和Fe）、催化剂预还原、热解挥发物预脱氧对催化性能和机理的影响。结果表明，与Ni催化剂相比，热解挥发物中的还原性组分使Fe氧化物难以还原，从而阻碍了Fe催化剂上碳纳米管的生长。Ni和Fe催化剂的H2预还原促进了碳纳米管和合成气的生成。预还原铁催化剂的积碳性能较好，达到263 mg/gplastics。预还原镍催化剂更有利于CO2和H2O的重整反应，合成气产率为32.75 mmol/gplastics，体积比为94.4 vol%。脱氧催化剂Ni/HZSM-5的加入促进了碳纳米管在Ni催化剂上的生长，缺陷更少，石墨化程度更高。Ni/HZSM-5引入后产生的过量CO2和H2O会使预还原Fe催化剂上的Fe0氧化，抑制CNTs的生长。探讨了碳纳米管和合成气在PC中生长的机理。研究结果可为废塑料的处理提供理论指导。

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引用次数: 0

Enhanced copper extraction from waste printed circuit boards using glycine after supercritical methanol pre-treatment: Process optimization, leaching kinetics, and thermodynamic analysis 超临界甲醇预处理后用甘氨酸从废弃印刷电路板中提取铜：工艺优化、浸出动力学和热力学分析。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.12.037

Rima Kumari , Roshan Prabhakar , Sukha Ranjan Samadder

The disposal of waste-printed circuit boards (WPCBs) poses significant environmental and health risks, as they are a major component of e-waste containing hazardous materials. However, WPCBs also contain valuable metallic elements, making them important resources for recycling. To address the dual challenge of hazardous waste management and resource recovery, sustainable approaches for metal extraction from WPCBs are imperative. The present study, thus aimed to explore the use of glycine as an environment-friendly alternative to conventional inorganic acid-leaching agents for copper extraction from WPCBs. The integration of glycine leaching with pre-treatment under supercritical conditions with methanol enhanced the copper liberation efficiency along with improved mass transfer processes. Under optimized conditions of 0.5 M glycine concentration, 5 % (v/v) H₂O₂ concentration, 1.5:100 g/mL solid-to-liquid ratio, and 40 °C temperature, a remarkably high copper extraction efficiency of 97.46 % was achieved within a 15 h leaching duration. Besides, the kinetic studies indicated a mixed-controlled reaction mechanism for the metal extraction process, with a calculated activation energy of 40.01 kJ/mol. Additionally, a thorough characterization of the recovered metal-leached salt provided insights into the compound’s nature and leaching mechanism. This integrated approach developed thus offers a sustainable and environment-friendly method for reducing the hazardousness of WPCBs while simultaneously extracting valuable metals, contributing to the advancement of e-waste management practices and environmental sustainability.

废弃印刷电路板的处置构成重大的环境和健康风险，因为它们是含有有害物质的电子废物的主要组成部分。然而，wpcb也含有有价值的金属元素，使它们成为回收的重要资源。为了应对危险废物管理和资源回收的双重挑战，从多氯联苯中提取金属的可持续方法势在必行。因此，本研究旨在探索利用甘氨酸作为传统无机酸浸剂的环保替代品，从wpcb中提取铜。将甘氨酸浸出与甲醇超临界预处理相结合，提高了铜的析出效率，改善了传质过程。在甘氨酸浓度为0.5 M、H2O2浓度为5% （v/v）、料液比为1.5:100 g/mL、温度为40℃的条件下，浸出时间为15 h，铜的提取率达到97.46%。此外，动力学研究表明，金属萃取过程为混合控制反应机制，计算活化能为40.01 kJ/mol。此外，对回收的金属浸出盐进行了全面的表征，为化合物的性质和浸出机制提供了见解。因此，开发的这种综合方法提供了一种可持续和环境友好的方法，可以减少wpcb的危害，同时提取有价值的金属，有助于推进电子废物管理实践和环境可持续性。

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