Waste management最新文献_第6页

Experimental and environmental impact of early-stage lithium recovery in lithium-ion battery recycling 锂离子电池回收中早期锂回收的实验与环境影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115283

Dominic Dittmer , Abdur-Rahman Ali , Mahya Nezhadfard , Neill Bartie , Fabian Diaz , Steffen Blömeke , Daniel Schröder , Christoph Herrmann , Bernd Friedrich

In December 2019, the European Union announced the Green Deal as a growth strategy to ensure a resource-efficient and competitive economy. Based on this, in 2023 targets for battery recycling were formulated in a regulation. It is imperative to enhance both the recovery rate and the quality of the material to comply with this regulatory requirement. Two hydrometallurgical battery recycling processes for black mass from lithium-ion batteries with nickel manganese cobalt oxide 111 have been examined. The experimental investigation focuses on comparing early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR) process route, were lithium is leached in a first step with water from the black mass before acid leaching, with a reference route. Based on this analysis, an initial process simulation was developed in HSC SIM to generate data for life cycle assessment. Results show that the ESLR route increases lithium recovery to 61.9 % in experiments, with higher product quality. Simulation-based analysis showed a 5.7 % reduction in climate change impact per kg black mass treated compared to the reference route. Improved lithium recovery and quality reduced the climate impact of secondary lithium carbonate by 16 %, and by 37 % if wind power replaces grid electricity. Among sixteen impact categories evaluated, the ESLR route has lower impacts than the reference in thirteen categories.

2019年12月，欧盟宣布了《绿色协议》作为一项增长战略，以确保资源节约型和竞争性经济。在此基础上，制定了2023年电池回收目标的法规。为了满足这一法规要求，提高回收率和材料质量势在必行。研究了镍锰钴氧化物111锂离子电池黑质量的两种湿法冶金电池回收工艺。实验研究重点比较了酸浸前先用黑团水浸出锂的早期锂回收（ESLR）工艺路线与参考路线。基于此分析，在HSC SIM中开发了一个初始过程模拟，以生成生命周期评估的数据。结果表明，ESLR工艺可使锂回收率达到61.9%，产品质量较高。基于模拟的分析显示，与参考路线相比，每公斤黑质量处理的气候变化影响减少了5.7%。锂的回收和质量的提高将二次碳酸锂对气候的影响降低了16%，如果风力发电取代电网供电，将降低37%。在评估的16个影响类别中，ESLR路线在13个类别中的影响低于参考。

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引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of expanded perlite and industrial waste salt composite thermochemical heat storage material 膨胀珍珠岩与工业废盐复合热化学储热材料的制备与表征。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115291

Hao Ye , Wenjie Yan , Xu Xin , Kejian Dang , Yubing Tao

The reuse of industrial waste salts offers significant potential for environmental protection and resource conservation. This study investigates the application of industrial waste salt, primarily composed of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, as a thermochemical heat storage material. Expanded perlite was selected as the porous matrix to prepare composite materials, and comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the water adsorption, dehydration, and cyclic performance of waste salt and pure salt composite materials. Results indicate minimal differences in water adsorption and dehydration behavior between waste and pure salts. The heat storage density of pure salt and waste salt are 541 J·g⁻¹ and 515 J·g⁻¹, respectively. The both composite materials demonstrated a water adsorption capacity of approximately 1.0 g·g⁻¹ within 24 h and complete dehydration within 4 h. Expanded perlite effectively mitigated deliquescence leakage during hydration, maintaining structural integrity. Additionally, the water adsorption rate increased with humidity. This study highlights that the thermochemical energy storage properties of waste salts are comparable to those of pure salts, making waste salts a cost-effective alternative for thermal storage material development. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for industrial waste salt reuse, eliminating the need for costly purification processes and supporting large-scale applications in energy storage systems.

工业废盐的再利用在环境保护和资源节约方面具有巨大的潜力。研究了以六水氯化镁为主要成分的工业废盐作为热化学储热材料的应用。选择膨胀珍珠岩作为多孔基质制备复合材料，对废盐和纯盐复合材料的水吸附、脱水和循环性能进行了对比分析。结果表明，废盐和纯盐的水吸附和脱水行为差异极小。纯盐和废盐的蓄热密度分别为541 J·g-1和515 J·g-1。两种复合材料在24 h内的水吸附量约为1.0 g·g-1，在4 h内完全脱水。膨胀珍珠岩有效地减轻了水化过程中的湿解渗漏，保持了结构的完整性。吸附率随湿度的增加而增加。本研究强调废盐的热化学储能性能与纯盐相当，使废盐成为一种具有成本效益的储热材料替代品。这种方法为工业废盐的再利用提供了可持续的途径，消除了对昂贵的净化过程的需要，并支持在储能系统中的大规模应用。

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引用次数: 0

Leaching behavior and mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from solidified/stabilized fly ash under landfill leachate and alkali washing conditions: Inspired by co-landfilling with MSW 垃圾渗滤液和碱洗条件下固化/稳定飞灰中PCDD/Fs的浸出行为及机理：受城市生活垃圾共填埋的启发

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115290

Xue Li , Yingjie Sun , Weihua Li , Qingjian Zhang , Yanqi Nie , Dong Liu , Weichen Xu , Xuexin Fu , Rongxing Bian , Huawei Wang , Ya-nan Wang

Substantial generation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and limited landfill capacity have led to improper co-landfilling of solidified/stabilized (S/S) fly ash with municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, S/S fly ash is susceptible to erosion by leachate, and secondary alkaline washing caused by rainfall on newly landfilled S/S fly ash. To elucidate the leaching behavior of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and identify key release influencing factors, this study employed column experiments following US EPA Method 1320 to simulate dynamic leaching process where leachate and NaOH solution sequentially permeate through S/S fly ash. Results showed that the mass and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the eluate were associated with the phase transfer of dissolved organic matter. Notably, the dense structure formed by the high-molecular chelator S/S fly ash, combined with the abundant dissolved organic matter in old leachate, facilitated the attainment of critical micelle concentration of dissolved organic matter within S/S fly ash, thereby promoting the release of PCDD/Fs. Additionally, alkali washing induced the secondary release of PCDD/Fs. Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/heptachlorodibenzofurans (H₇CDD/Fs) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/octachlorodibenzofuran (O₈CDD/Fs) were the dominant homologues in the eluates, indicating dissolved organic matter exhibited higher affinity for highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs. pH and electrical conductivity affected the conformation and hydrophilicity of dissolved organic matter. An increase in pH weakened dissolved organic matter-PCDD/Fs interactions, while electrical conductivity exhibited complex effects. Historical improper landfilling practices involving fly ash and MSW remain concerns, particularly long-term PCDD/Fs leaching risks posed by old leachate on S/S fly ash stabilized with high-molecular chelator.

城市生活垃圾焚烧产生的大量飞灰和有限的填埋场容量导致了固化/稳定（S/S）飞灰与城市生活垃圾（MSW）的不当共填埋。因此，新填埋的S/S飞灰容易受到渗滤液的侵蚀和降雨的二次碱性洗涤。为了阐明多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）的浸出行为，并确定关键的释放影响因素，本研究采用柱式实验，按照美国环保局1320方法，模拟了渗滤液和NaOH溶液依次渗透S/S粉煤灰的动态浸出过程。结果表明，洗脱液中PCDD/Fs的质量和毒性当量（TEQ）浓度与溶解有机物的相转移有关。值得注意的是，高分子螯合剂S/S粉煤灰形成的致密结构，结合老渗滤液中丰富的溶解有机质，促进了S/S粉煤灰中溶解有机质达到临界胶束浓度，从而促进了PCDD/Fs的释放。此外，碱洗诱导PCDD/Fs的二次释放。七氯二苯并-对二恶英/七氯二苯并呋喃（H7CDD/Fs）和八氯二苯并-对二恶英/八氯二苯并呋喃（O8CDD/Fs）是淋洗液中主要的同源物，表明溶解的有机物对高氯化PCDD/呋喃具有更高的亲和力。pH和电导率影响溶解有机物的构象和亲水性。pH的增加削弱了溶解有机物与pcdd /Fs的相互作用，而电导率则表现出复杂的影响。粉煤灰和城市生活垃圾的历史不当填埋做法仍然令人担忧，特别是旧渗滤液在高分子螯合剂稳定的S/S粉煤灰上长期浸出PCDD/Fs的风险。

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引用次数: 0

The suitability of fermenter liquor from MSW as an electron donor for hypersaline sulfate reduction 城市生活垃圾发酵液作为高盐硫酸盐还原电子供体的适宜性

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115292

M. Patel , M. Peces , D. Villa-Gomez , I. Pikaar , J. Vaughan , W.P. Clarke

Liquor from the fermentation of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) was tested as a carbon source for sulfate reducing organisms under saline to hypersaline conditions for treating acid mine drainage in arid climates. Two 1.4 L reactors were operated continuously, one as a control maintained at a salinity of 20 g NaCl/L, the other (the test reactor) operated at salinities up to 50 g NaCl/L. Both reactors were first fed a synthetic mix of VFAs (acetate, propionate, butyrate, and valerate) at a COD ratio of 2:1:3:0.5 and at an organic loading rate of 1.56 gCOD/L/d with sulfate supplied in excess as Na₂SO₄. The sulfate reduction rate (SRR) was unaffected by the salinity up to 35 g NaCl/L, but was adversely affected in hypersaline (>35 g NaCl/L) conditions. The stabilized SRR at 50 g NaCl/L was 0.43 ± 0.01 g SO₄-S/L/d compared to 0.66 ± 0.01 g SO₄-S/L/d in the control reactor. Upon replacing the VFA mixture in both reactors with fermenter liquor (a mixture of alcohols, VFAs, lactate and succinate and 29 ± 4 % of unidentified COD), at the same COD loading rate, the SRR recovered in the test reactor (50 g NaCl/L) to 0.56 ± 0.01 g SO₄-S/L/d with full utilisation of acetate by completely oxidizing sulfate reducers, no methane production and over 65 % utilisation of the un-identified COD fraction.

在盐碱至高盐碱条件下，将城市生活垃圾有机馏分发酵后的醪液作为硫酸盐还原生物的碳源，用于处理干旱气候条件下的酸性矿山废水。两个1.4 L反应器连续运行，一个作为对照，维持在20 g NaCl/L的盐度下，另一个（试验反应器）在高达50 g NaCl/L的盐度下运行。两个反应器首先投喂合成的VFAs（醋酸酯、丙酸酯、丁酸酯和戊酸酯），COD比为2:1:3:5 .5，有机负荷率为1.56 gCOD/L/d，过量的硫酸作为Na2SO4。当盐度高达35 g NaCl/L时，硫酸盐还原速率（SRR）不受影响，但在高盐（>35 g NaCl/L）条件下，SRR受到不利影响。在50 g NaCl/L条件下，稳定SRR为0.43±0.01 g SO4-S/L/d，而对照反应器为0.66±0.01 g SO4-S/L/d。将两个反应器中的VFA混合物替换为发酵液（醇、VFAs、乳酸和丁二酸盐的混合物，以及29±4%的未识别COD），在相同的COD负荷率下，试验反应器（50 g NaCl/L）的SRR恢复到0.56±0.01 g SO4-S/L/d，硫酸盐还原剂完全氧化充分利用乙酸，不产生甲烷，未识别COD利用率超过65%。

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引用次数: 0

Geoelectrical imaging and cluster analysis for leachate mapping in a municipal solid waste landfill: A case study in Brazil 地电成像和聚类分析在城市固体垃圾填埋场的渗滤液测绘：在巴西的一个案例研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115289

Mariana Barbosa Juarez , Heraldo Luiz Giacheti , Ana Paula do Nascimento , Marina Fernandes Sanches Barros , Vagner Roberto Elis , Giulliana Mondelli

Landfill stability and environmental protection are critical issues in municipal solid waste (MSW) management, especially in tropical countries, where warm and humid conditions can accelerate leachate and gas production. This paper investigated a landfill in Brazil that operated for 24 years (1993–2016), with over 30 % of the MSW consisting of organic matter. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time-domain induced polarization (IP) surveys were performed along two survey lines for mapping leachate distribution. The results were analyzed using unsupervised machine learning, visualization tools, and descriptive statistics in the R programming language. Standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted to validate cluster analysis. A comparison of ERT and IP profiles obtained 20 years apart suggested significant leachate presence and varying degradation rates within the waste body, even years after waste disposal activities had ceased. Geoelectrical data were grouped into seven clusters, which were interpreted based on material type (soil and MSW), degree of saturation (partially and fully saturated waste), and organic matter content (from dry to biogeochemically active zones). The SPT tests confirmed complex fluid distribution by revealing leachate ejection and gas emissions at specific regions of the landfill showing low resistivity (below 10 Ωm) and moderate to high chargeability (from 5 to 60 mV/V) and normalized chargeability (from 1 to 7 mS/m). The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of geophysical imaging techniques for site monitoring and highlighted the potential for energy recovery from old MSW.

垃圾填埋场的稳定性和环境保护是城市固体废物管理的关键问题，特别是在热带国家，温暖潮湿的环境会加速渗滤液和气体的产生。本文调查了巴西一个运行了24年（1993-2016）的垃圾填埋场，其中超过30%的生活垃圾由有机物组成。采用电阻率层析成像（ERT）和时域诱导极化（IP）两种测量方法绘制渗滤液分布。使用无监督机器学习、可视化工具和R编程语言中的描述性统计分析结果。进行标准渗透测试（SPT）来验证聚类分析。对相隔20年的ERT和IP资料进行的比较表明，即使在废物处理活动停止数年后，废物体内仍存在大量渗滤液和不同的降解率。地电数据被分成7个簇，根据物质类型（土壤和城市生活垃圾）、饱和度（部分和完全饱和的废物）和有机质含量（从干燥到生物地球化学活跃带）进行解释。SPT测试通过揭示垃圾填埋场特定区域的渗滤液喷射和气体排放，证实了复杂的流体分布，显示出低电阻率（低于10 Ωm）、中高电荷率（从5到60 mV/V）和标准化电荷率（从1到7 mS/m）。研究结果显示地球物理成像技术在监测场地方面的有效性，并突出了从旧都市固体废物中回收能量的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

A review of the cast stone formulation for nuclear waste immobilization 核废料固定化用铸石配方研究进展

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115277

R. Matthew Asmussen , Gemma G. Clark , Jacob Anderson , Agathe Bourchy , Jacqueline Ferrer , Christopher Hossack , Jonathan Lapeyre , Miroslava Peterson , Suraj A. Rahmon , Joelle T. Reiser , Brian J. Riley , Sarah A. Saslow , Chinthaka Silva

This review aims to collate the properties of the Cast Stone cementitious waste form, a specific ternary blend of blast furnace slag (BFS, 47 wt%), fly ash (FA, 45 wt%) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC, 8 wt%). This mixture has been studied as a candidate for use in nuclear waste immobilization at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site over the last 20 years. The blend has been tested for immobilizing liquid waste (including pre-treated waste, low-activity waste and mixed low-level wastes), immobilizing secondary wastes generated from vitrification, and encapsulating solid waste. As new formulations are developed at Hanford and around the world, this review provides the current state of knowledge on one of the most studied formulations for waste immobilization in the U.S. This review focuses solely on the 47/45/8 BFS/FA/OPC Cast Stone formulation and does not include the relatively close saltstone formulation nor construction “cast stone”. This report summarizes the fresh and cured properties of Cast Stone, the impact of varying water-binder ratio and waste chemistries, spectroscopic material characterizations, and field testing and modeling efforts specific to Cast Stone’s long-term performance. Relationships between the existing datasets and waste form properties are identified and discussed. From the data available, Cast Stone can provide consistent material properties that meet the disposal requirements or waste acceptance criteria of generic disposal sites, but is not yet employed for waste immobilization in practice.

这篇综述的目的是整理铸石胶凝废物的性质，一个特定的高炉矿渣（BFS, 47 wt%），粉煤灰（FA, 45 wt%）和普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC, 8 wt%）的三元共混物。在过去的20年里，美国能源部汉福德基地一直在研究这种混合物作为核废料固定化的候选材料。该混合物已被测试用于固定化液体废物（包括预处理废物、低活性废物和混合低活性废物）、固定化玻璃化产生的二次废物和封装固体废物。随着新配方在汉福德和世界各地的开发，本综述提供了美国研究最多的废物固定化配方之一的当前知识状况。本综述仅关注47/45/8 BFS/FA/OPC铸石配方，不包括相对接近的盐岩配方或建筑“铸石”。本报告总结了Cast Stone的新鲜和固化性能，不同水胶比和废物化学成分的影响，光谱材料特性，以及针对Cast Stone长期性能的现场测试和建模工作。确定并讨论了现有数据集与废弃表单属性之间的关系。从现有的数据来看，铸石可以提供一致的材料性能，满足一般处置场地的处置要求或废物接受标准，但在实践中尚未用于废物固定。

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引用次数: 0

Fast pyrolysis of waste textiles: Product distribution, formation of hazardous by-products, and resource recovery pathways 废纺织品的快速热解：产品分布、有害副产物的形成和资源回收途径

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115293

Qindong Chen , Xiyao Zhao , Ning Wang , Huanan Wu , Qiyong Xu

Textile consumption has been continuously increasing, posing significant challenges for waste management and disposal. Pyrolysis offers significant potential for recovering resources from non-degradable textiles (e.g., polyester). However, comprehensive studies on product distribution and the release of hazardous components across diverse textile types remain limited, which restricts the development of high-value resource recovery strategies and leads to potential environmental and health risks. This study systematically investigated the fast pyrolysis (550 °C) characteristics of five pure textiles—cotton (C), wool (W), nylon (N), polyester (T), rayon (R)—and one mixed textile (MT). The results revealed distinct product profiles for different textile types. Cotton-derived bio-oil exhibited high content (83.61 %) of light hydrocarbons (<C10), making it suitable for use as liquid fuel after simple acid removal. Wool pyrolysis generated complex bio-oil requiring secondary cracking. Synthetic fabrics (N, T, R) produced bio-oils with substantial corrosive carboxylic acids (e.g., benzoic acid), necessitating esterification pretreatment for fuel use. MT pyrolysis yielded nitrogen-rich bio-oil (74.77 % N-compounds) containing 37.35 % caprolactam, highlighting its value as a chemical feedstock but requiring carbon black separation from the particulate matter (PM). PM analysis identified viscosity-driven formation in cotton and tar/soot dominance in synthetics. This study provides critical insights into tailoring pyrolysis protocols to specific textile wastes, thereby advancing sustainable resource recovery while mitigating corrosion and pollution risks associated with hazardous by-products.

纺织品消费量持续增长，对废物管理和处置提出了重大挑战。热解为从不可降解的纺织品（如聚酯）中回收资源提供了巨大的潜力。然而，对不同类型纺织品的产品分布和有害成分释放的综合研究仍然有限，这限制了高价值资源回收战略的发展，并导致潜在的环境和健康风险。本研究系统地研究了棉(C)、羊毛(W)、尼龙(N)、涤纶(T)、人造丝(R)五种纯纺织品和一种混纺纺织品（MT）的快速热解（550℃）特性。结果表明，不同类型的纺织品具有不同的产品特征。棉源生物油轻烃（<C10）含量高（83.61%），经简单酸脱后可作为液体燃料使用。羊毛热解产生复杂的生物油，需要二次裂解。合成织物（N， T， R）生产的生物油含有大量腐蚀性羧酸（如苯甲酸），需要酯化预处理用于燃料使用。MT热解产生的富氮生物油（74.77%的n化合物）含有37.35%的己内酰胺，突出了其作为化学原料的价值，但需要从颗粒物（PM）中分离炭黑。PM分析确定了棉花中的粘度驱动地层和合成纤维中的焦油/煤烟主导地层。该研究为针对特定纺织废物定制热解方案提供了重要见解，从而促进可持续资源回收，同时减轻与有害副产品相关的腐蚀和污染风险。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the circular economy of lithium-ion batteries: a data-driven optimisation of leaching efficiency using kernel ridge regression 加强锂离子电池的循环经济：利用核脊回归对浸出效率进行数据驱动的优化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115286

Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka , Stefan Heinen , Muhammad Sadeghzadeh , Balanand Santhosh , Gifty Sara Rolly , Justyna Łuczak , Gurdial Blugan

The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the consequential accumulation of waste from these batteries necessitate its appropriate disposal and recycling. This is important in order to responsibly address the environmental concerns and the shortage of critical metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. The present study employs glycine, an environmentally friendly amino acid, as a leaching agent along with ascorbic acid, as a reducing agent, to recover valuable metals from spent LIB cathodes. The present study investigates the effect of time, temperature, pulp density, and reactant concentrations on the leaching process. Hydrothermal method integrated with machine learning (ML) approach reduced the number of experiments to reach the optimal leaching conditions. The study reports that at 2 mol/L glycine, 0.04 mol/L ascorbic acid, 75 °C temperature, 20 g/L pulp density, and 90 min reaction time, the leaching efficiency extends 91.0 %, 99.9 %, 92.3 % and 96.6 % of Ni, Mn, Co and Li, respectively. Additionally, glycine exhibits low leaching efficiency of Al, therefore, high purity aluminium can be recovered from the process.

对锂离子电池（LIBs）的需求不断增加，这些电池产生的废物也随之积累，因此需要对其进行适当的处理和回收。为了负责任地解决环境问题和锂、镍、钴和锰等关键金属的短缺，这一点很重要。本研究采用环境友好型氨基酸甘氨酸作为浸出剂，抗坏血酸作为还原剂，从废旧锂离子电池阴极中回收有价金属。本研究考察了时间、温度、矿浆密度和反应物浓度对浸出过程的影响。水热法与机器学习方法相结合，减少了实验次数，达到了最佳浸出条件。研究表明，在甘氨酸2 mol/L、抗坏血酸0.04 mol/L、温度75℃、矿浆密度20 g/L、反应时间90 min的条件下，Ni、Mn、Co和Li的浸出率分别提高了91.0%、99.9%、92.3%和96.6%。此外，甘氨酸对铝的浸出效率较低，因此可以从该工艺中回收高纯铝。

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引用次数: 0

Efficient segmentation and annotation of construction and demolition waste: spatially aware adapters in large vision foundation models 建筑与拆迁垃圾的高效分割与标注：大视觉基础模型中的空间感知适配器

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115276

Birat Gautam , Saeed Reza Mohandes , Mehrdad Arashpour

Effective valorization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is vital for sustainable development, yet current sorting methods remain labour-intensive and inefficient. Despite progress in computer vision, large vision foundation models (LVFMs) exhibit limitations in class-specific segmentation for dynamic waste streams, while their fine-tuning demands significant computational resources. Moreover, efficient annotation of diverse waste classes remains underdeveloped, necessitating a heavy reliance on resource-intensive manual annotation for all model development. To tackle this problem, this study proposes an innovative solution by enhancing LVFMs with spatially aware adapter architectures to enable precise class-specific segmentation and introducing a semi-automated annotation pipeline leveraging few-shot learning. Experiments on an extended dataset, including underrepresented classes like rubber and lights, reveal that our approach achieves an average Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.744 in fully supervised settings, surpassing baseline adapters by 4.5%. In few-shot scenarios, it attains an IoU of 0.770 for the unseen ‘lights’ class using only 20 training images. The annotation pipeline produces high-quality masks with an average IoU of 0.883, which is comparable to manual annotation performance but substantially less time-consuming. This study contributes to sustainable CDW valorization by introducing a scalable, resource-efficient framework that enhances class-specific segmentation and streamlines annotation, achieving high accuracy in both supervised and few-shot settings.

建筑和拆迁垃圾的有效分类对可持续发展至关重要，但目前的分类方法仍然是劳动密集型和低效的。尽管在计算机视觉方面取得了进步，但大型视觉基础模型（LVFMs）在针对动态废物流的特定类别分割方面存在局限性，而它们的微调需要大量的计算资源。此外，各种废物类别的有效注释仍然不发达，需要对所有模型开发严重依赖资源密集型的手动注释。为了解决这个问题，本研究提出了一种创新的解决方案，通过空间感知适配器架构增强LVFMs，以实现精确的特定类别分割，并引入利用少量学习的半自动注释管道。在扩展数据集（包括橡胶和灯等代表性不足的类）上的实验表明，我们的方法在完全监督设置下实现了0.744的平均交汇（IoU），比基线适配器高出4.5%。在少量拍摄场景中，仅使用20张训练图像，它就可以获得0.770的IoU，用于看不见的“灯光”类。注释管道生成高质量的掩码，平均IoU为0.883，与手动注释性能相当，但大大节省了时间。本研究通过引入一个可扩展的、资源高效的框架来促进可持续的CDW增值，该框架增强了特定类别的分割和简化了注释，在监督和少数镜头设置下都实现了高精度。

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引用次数: 0

Environmental sustainability assessment processes for flat panel displays dismantling 平板显示器拆卸的环境可持续性评估程序

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115284

Alessandro Becci , Francesca Beolchini , Davide Labolani , Alessia Amato

The growing quantity of flat panel displays (FPDs) on the market, combined with rising raw material demand, makes the sustainable management of resulting waste a hot topic. Despite of research often describes innovations in recycling, it often neglects the pre-treatment step. However, it represents a key aspect for the success of the further recovery of valuable fractions, since it affects the integrity of materials, the possible presence of impurities and hazardous substances, but also the sustainability of the whole recycling chain. In this regard, the present paper assesses the sustainability of two options implemented at real scale: a more traditional crushing (followed by magnetic separation) and an innovative solution which combines manual and robotic dismantling, resulting in the separation of high-quality fractions. The analysis, carried out by a life cycle approach, proves the high potential of the innovation from an environmental point of view with emission savings reaching up to 90% in key categories (e.g. climate change). The benefit, confirmed irrespective of the supplied energy mix and the classification of waste resulting from crushing (hazardous or not hazardous), is further highlighted by the possibility to separate high-value fractions, mainly printed circuit boards of three different qualities, based on their valuable metal content. The results represent an important driver towards the implementation of sustainable choices in the field of FPD recycling.

随着市场上平板显示器（fpd）数量的不断增长，加上原材料需求的不断增长，使得对由此产生的废物的可持续管理成为一个热门话题。尽管研究经常描述回收方面的创新，但往往忽略了预处理步骤。然而，它代表了有价值的馏分进一步回收成功的一个关键方面，因为它影响材料的完整性，杂质和有害物质的可能存在，以及整个回收链的可持续性。在这方面，本文评估了在实际规模上实施的两种选择的可持续性：一种更传统的破碎（随后是磁分离）和一种结合人工和机器人拆卸的创新解决方案，从而分离出高质量的分数。通过生命周期方法进行的分析，从环境的角度证明了创新的巨大潜力，在关键类别（例如气候变化）中减排高达90%。无论所提供的能源组合和破碎产生的废物分类（危险或无害）如何，这种好处都得到证实，进一步突出的是，可以根据其有价值的金属含量分离高价值的部分，主要是三种不同质量的印刷电路板。研究结果代表了在FPD回收领域实施可持续选择的重要驱动力。

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引用次数: 0