Waste management最新文献_第6页

Food waste as a vector of foodborne and opportunistic pathogens: A study on microbial contamination in an urban area 食物垃圾作为食源性和机会致病菌的载体：城市地区微生物污染的研究。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115209

Megane Lebreton , Sophie Michel-Le Roux , Jean Lagarde , Thu Phuong La , Elisabeth Brothier , Sylvie Nazaret , Danis Abrouk , Martine Sarrazin , Christine Séclet-Ziebal , Anne-Marie Pourcher , Céline Druilhe

Food waste (FW) management in urban areas raises concerns about potential health risks. This study quantified Escherichia coli, assessed the prevalence of six pathogenic bacteria (Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp1, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), and analyzed the genomic content of 39 L. monocytogenes isolates in FW collected from 27 sites in the Rennes area (Brittany, France). Sampling was conducted four times (once per season) at apartment buildings (AB), canteens, restaurants, and food shops. E. coli was detected in 91.3 % of samples (10 to 1.9 × 10⁶ cfu/g), with no correlation to physicochemical parameters (pH, moisture, organic matter, TKN, NH₄⁺/TKN). Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp. were not detected. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes in FW ranged from 8 % in canteens to 55.6 % in AB, and that of K. pneumoniae Kp1 from 31.3 % in food shops to 44 % in canteens. A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa were less frequent (≤ 16.7 % and ≤ 11.1 %). Antibiotic resistance was rare. One K. pneumoniae isolate from a canteen was resistant to cefpodoxime. Four A. baumannii isolates from one AB were resistant to three aminoglycosides, and one exhibited multidrug resistance. Most L. monocytogenes clonal complexes (CCs) were associated with food or environmental sources, with CC121 being the most common. Four and three isolates belonged to hypervirulent CC1 and CC4, respectively. Overall, these results demonstrate the persistence of pathogenic bacteria in stored FW and emphasize that citizen-driven composting, when carried out without hygienic precautions, may represent an underestimated risk to public health.

城市地区的食物垃圾管理引发了人们对潜在健康风险的担忧。本研究对大肠杆菌进行了定量分析，评估了6种致病菌（弯曲杆菌、沙门氏菌、单核增生李斯特菌、肺炎克雷伯菌Kp1、鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌）的流行情况，并分析了从法国布列塔尼雷恩地区27个地点采集的FW中39株单核增生李斯特菌的基因组含量。在公寓楼（AB）、食堂、餐馆和食品店进行了四次抽样（每季一次）。大肠杆菌检出率为91.3% (10 ~ 1.9 × 10⁶cfu/g)，与理化参数（pH、水分、有机质、TKN、NH4+/TKN）无相关性。未检出沙门氏菌和弯曲杆菌。FW食堂中单核增生乳杆菌的检出率为8% ~ 55.6%，AB食堂中肺炎克雷伯菌Kp1检出率为31.3% ~ 44%。鲍曼不动杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌较少（≤16.7%和≤11.1%）。抗生素耐药性罕见。从食堂分离出的1例肺炎克雷伯菌对头孢多肟耐药。1株鲍曼不动杆菌分离株对3种氨基糖苷类耐药，1株对多药耐药。大多数单核增生乳杆菌克隆复合物（cc）与食物或环境来源有关，其中CC121最为常见。4株和3株分别属于高毒力CC1和CC4。总的来说，这些结果表明，病原菌在储存的FW中持续存在，并强调公民驱动的堆肥，如果没有卫生预防措施，可能会对公众健康造成低估的风险。

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引用次数: 0

Survey of agricultural plastic waste in the American Midwest: Usage and disposal 美国中西部农业塑料废弃物调查：使用与处置。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115212

Julie M. Rieland , Christina Gore , Kalman B. Migler , Kathryn L. Beers

An estimated 2.7 % of US plastics are made for agricultural applications in forms such as films, jugs, fence posts, and hoses. However, there is limited data on rates of use, and more importantly on fate at end of life. We first present a comprehensive global literature review, capturing agriculture plastic waste (APW) disposal practices over the past 25 years. As an initial step in improving understanding, a survey (N = 73) was conducted in the American Midwest focused on farming along the Kansas and Missouri border to better understand APW generation, disposal behaviors, and perceived barriers to participation in recycling programs. We found that rates of APW burning are high in our sample, with 83 % of respondents burning some of their waste, resulting in an annual burn rate of around 55 % by mass. This is the highest rate of APW burning observed in the global literature in the last 5 years. We also identified a statistically significant inverse relationship between recycling and landfilling participation highlighting transportation requirements as a significant barrier to participation. Low overall participation in managed waste disposal activities suggests there is a substantial need for creative and cost-effective ways to facilitate responsible management of APW.

据估计，美国2.7%的塑料用于农业用途，如薄膜、水壶、栅栏柱和软管。然而，关于使用率的数据有限，更重要的是关于生命结束时的命运。我们首先提出了一个全面的全球文献综述，捕获农业塑料废物（APW）处理实践在过去的25年。作为提高认识的第一步，我们在美国中西部进行了一项调查（N = 73），重点关注堪萨斯州和密苏里州边境的农业，以更好地了解APW的产生、处置行为以及参与回收计划的感知障碍。我们发现，在我们的样本中，APW燃烧率很高，83%的受访者燃烧了一些废物，导致年燃烧率约为55%（质量）。这是近5年来全球文献中观测到的最高的APW燃烧率。我们还确定了回收和垃圾填埋参与之间的统计显着负相关关系，突出了交通需求是参与的重大障碍。受管理的废物处置活动的整体参与程度较低，这表明迫切需要创新和具有成本效益的方法，以促进负责任的APW管理。

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引用次数: 0

The effect of temperature and salinity on permeability and hydraulic conductivity evolution of clayey liners in solid waste landfills 温度和矿化度对垃圾填埋场黏性衬砌渗透率和导电性演化的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115217

Zhongle Cheng , Fugang Wang , Guohua Yang , Hui Cheng , Zhaohui Peng , Kunyi Guo , Yinteng Li

Effective anti-seepage of landfill leachate relies on compacted clay liners (CCL) and geosynthetic clay liners (GCL). However, landfill biochemical degradation generates heat and salinity, affecting clay permeability. Previous studies lacked systematic analysis of their combined effects. This study experimentally investigates how temperature (5 ∼ 30 °C) and salinity (0 ∼ 20 g/L) jointly impact clay permeability, quantitatively analyzing mechanisms that temperature-dependent fluid viscosity, salinity-induced soil property changes on hydraulic conductivity, and their coupled influence on apparent permeability. Key findings: (1) At fixed salinities (1, 5, 10, and 20 g/L), 5 ∼ 20 °C caused slow apparent permeability rise at 1 ∼ 5 g/L but no significant effect at 10 ∼ 20 g/L. 20 ∼ 30 °C had notable effect, with permeability increasing rate decreases from 46.8 % to 6.6 % as salinity rises from 1 g/L to 10 g/L. (2) At fixed temperatures (20 and 30 ℃), apparent permeability and hydraulic conductivity declines with salinity: rapidly (0–5 g/L), slowly (5–10 g/L), and stably (10–20 g/L). (3) Temperature not only affects hydraulic conductivity, but also synergizes with salinity on bound water, thereby affecting apparent permeability. Temperature regulation involves adjusting the conversion threshold of bound water with salinity, and salinity affects the degree of change of bound water with temperature. 20 ℃ and 10 g/L salinity are the key thresholds in this study for regulating the temperature sensitivity of permeability and achieving stability with increasing salinity. Hydraulic conductivity models confirm that salinity-induced soil property and temperature-driven fluid property variations are key mechanisms controlling clayey liner hydraulic conductivity, providing support for developing long-lasting landfill anti-pollution clay barriers.

垃圾渗滤液的有效防渗主要依靠压实粘土衬垫和土工合成粘土衬垫。然而，填埋场生化降解产生热量和盐度，影响粘土的渗透性。以前的研究缺乏对它们综合效应的系统分析。本研究通过实验研究了温度（5 ~ 30°C）和盐度（0 ~ 20 g/L）如何共同影响粘土渗透率，定量分析了温度依赖性流体粘度、盐度诱导的土壤性质变化对水力导电性的影响机制，以及它们对表观渗透率的耦合影响。主要发现：(1)在固定盐度（1、5、10和20 g/L）下，5 ~ 20°C导致1 ~ 5 g/L的表观渗透率缓慢上升，而10 ~ 20 g/L的影响不显著。当盐度从1 g/L增加到10 g/L时，渗透率增长率从46.8%下降到6.6%。(2)在固定温度下（20℃和30℃），视渗透率和水导率随盐度的变化呈快速下降（0 ~ 5 g/L）、缓慢下降（5 ~ 10 g/L）和稳定下降（10 ~ 20 g/L）的趋势。(3)温度不仅影响水力导率，还与结合水的盐度协同作用，从而影响表观渗透率。温度调节涉及到调节结合水随盐度的转化阈值，盐度影响结合水随温度的变化程度。20℃和10 g/L盐度是本研究中调节渗透率温度敏感性并随盐度增加而稳定的关键阈值。水力导电性模型证实，盐度诱导的土壤性质和温度驱动的流体性质变化是控制粘土衬砌水力导电性的关键机制，为开发长效垃圾填埋场抗污染粘土屏障提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainability assessment of a novel vehicular biomethane production from swine manure compared to conventional techniques 与传统技术相比，新型车用猪粪生产生物甲烷的可持续性评估

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115218

María-Pilar Martínez-Hernando , Alfonso García Álvaro , César Ruiz Palomar , María del Carmen Suárez Rodríguez , David Bolonio , Ignacio de Godos Crespo , María-Jesús García-Martínez , Marcelo F. Ortega

Intensive farming faces manure overproduction, with European Union generating 1.4 billion tonnes annually, mostly untreated. Spain leads pig manure production in Europe and has the potential to turn manure into biogas through anaerobic digestion. This research conducted a Sustainability Assessment of the project LIFE SMART Agromobility, covering the assessment of biomethane and biofertilizers including Environmental, Social and Cost Life Cycle Analyses. Biofertilizer production slightly increased environmental impacts (7.2%) and significantly increased economic costs. However, benefits such as job creation, repopulation, and odour reduction were noted. In contrast, biomethane production showed 46.9% of reduction in environmental impacts, improved energy independence, and 18.3% of reduction in costs. The main conclusion is that sustainability benefits of biomethane are concentrated in its usage, surpassing gasoline. Moreover, comparing the impacts per farm of 3450 pigs shows similar environmental impact, highercosts, with social benefits in biomethane production.

集约化农业面临着粪便生产过剩的问题，欧盟每年产生14亿吨粪便，其中大部分未经处理。西班牙的猪粪生产在欧洲处于领先地位，并且有潜力通过厌氧消化将猪粪转化为沼气。本研究对LIFE SMART Agromobility项目进行了可持续性评估，包括对生物甲烷和生物肥料的评估，包括环境、社会和成本生命周期分析。生物肥料生产略微增加了环境影响（7.2%），并显著增加了经济成本。然而，研究人员注意到，它的好处包括创造就业机会、人口再生和减少气味。相比之下，生物甲烷生产对环境的影响降低了46.9%，提高了能源独立性，成本降低了18.3%。主要结论是，生物甲烷的可持续性效益集中在其使用上，超过汽油。此外，对每个养殖场3450头猪的影响进行比较显示，环境影响相似，成本较高，但生物甲烷生产具有社会效益。

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引用次数: 0

Landfill contamination and slope instability mapping through multi-source data fusion: advancing multi-hazard detection via 3D modeling, geophysical investigations, and open GIS data 通过多源数据融合的垃圾填埋场污染和边坡不稳定性制图：通过3D建模、地球物理调查和开放的GIS数据推进多灾害检测

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115216

Paolo Ciampi , Giorgio Cassiani , Giulia Felli , Nino Tarantino , Giovanni Savarese , Giuseppe Vadalà , Marco Petrangeli Papini

Landfill environments present complex challenges due to subsurface contamination and slope instability, often exacerbated by human-induced changes. Traditional single-method investigations fall short in capturing the multifaceted nature of these systems. This study aims to present an integrated approach combining geophysical surveys, 2D/3D geological modeling, and open-source GIS datasets to enhance landfill characterization and potentially multi-hazard assessment. The case study focuses on a small landfill in Central Italy, located in a narrow valley whose morphology has been altered by backfilling. 83 continuous core boreholes (2.0–20.5 m) supported the construction of high-resolution 3D geological models and 2D cross-sections. Four electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were performed to probe depths of 25–35 m, while electromagnetic induction (EMI) surveys—acquired at 1–1.5 m spacing—were completed to map shallow conductivity variations. Additionally, historical and contemporary GIS layers were integrated to provide spatial and temporal context, particularly regarding drainage networks and landform modifications. ERT sections revealed very low-resistivity zones (<10 Ω·m) consistent with possible leachate presence and potential slip surfaces. EMI surveys identified high-conductivity anomalies (>150 mS/m) spatially overlapping with ERT findings, reinforcing the interpretation of shallow contamination. The stratigraphic and geophysical data delineated structural discontinuities, waste body extent, and pollutant pathways. The spatial convergence of geophysical anomalies with anthropogenic surface alterations and geomorphological indicators highlights co-occurring contamination and slope instability hazards. This integrated approach offers a replicable framework for dynamic landfill monitoring, enhancing the detection of hydrogeological anomalies and supporting more effective strategies for pollution mitigation and risk management.

由于地下污染和边坡不稳定，垃圾填埋场环境面临着复杂的挑战，而人为变化往往加剧了这些挑战。传统的单一方法调查在捕捉这些系统的多面性方面存在不足。本研究旨在提出一种结合地球物理调查、2D/3D地质建模和开源GIS数据集的综合方法，以增强垃圾填埋场的特征和潜在的多重危害评估。案例研究的重点是意大利中部的一个小型垃圾填埋场，该填埋场位于一个狭窄的山谷中，其形态已经被回填所改变。83个连续岩心钻孔（2.0-20.5 m）支持高分辨率三维地质模型和二维截面的构建。进行了4次电阻率层析成像（ERT）剖面，探测深度为25-35 m，同时完成了电磁感应（EMI）测量，在1-1.5 m的间距上获取，以绘制浅层电导率变化。此外，历史和当代GIS层被整合以提供空间和时间背景，特别是关于排水网络和地形变化。ERT剖面显示了极低电阻率带（<10 Ω·m），与可能存在的渗滤液和潜在的滑动面一致。电磁干扰调查发现，高电导率异常（>150 mS/m）在空间上与ERT结果重叠，加强了对浅层污染的解释。地层和地球物理资料描绘了构造不连续、废物体范围和污染物路径。地球物理异常与人为地表变化和地貌指标的空间收敛突出了共存的污染和边坡失稳危险。这种综合方法为动态垃圾填埋场监测提供了一个可复制的框架，加强了对水文地质异常的探测，并支持更有效的减轻污染和风险管理战略。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing biomedical waste classification through a hybrid ensemble of deep Learning, reinforcement Learning, and differential evolution algorithms 通过深度学习、强化学习和差分进化算法的混合集成推进生物医学废物分类。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-10-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115210

Surajet Khonjun , Rapeepan Pitakaso , Thanatkij Srichok , Sarayut Gonwirat , Nawinda Vanichakulthada , Peerawat Luesak , Ganokgarn Jirasirilerd

The complex nature of pharmaceutical and biomedical waste poses significant challenges for effective management, particularly in the safe and cost-intensive disposal of infectious materials. This research presents a novel classification model that utilizes a double heterogeneous ensemble integrating deep learning, reinforcement learning, and differential evolution algorithms for waste classification. The model operates through three key phases: image augmentation, ensemble image segmentation, and ensemble convolutional neural network architectures, employing decision fusion techniques that incorporate reinforcement learning and differential evolution. It integrates various image segmentation methods, including U-Net, Mask R-CNN, DeepLab Version 3 Plus, and convolutional neural network architectures such as Inception Version 3, Residual Network 50, Mobile Network Version 2, and Densely Connected Convolutional Network 121.The developed model powers the “Biosorter,” a machine specifically designed to differentiate between infectious and non-infectious waste. Comprehensive evaluations conducted on both proprietary and benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed BioSorter model significantly outperforms several widely used deep learning architectures—including ResNet50, DenseNet121, MobileNetV2, InceptionV3, and ResNeXt-50. On average, the model achieved classification improvements of 5.35% and 9.05% in accuracy over these methods on the respective datasets. During real-world deployment at a small medical center, the BioSorter achieved 98% sorting accuracy and a 50% increase in processing throughput. Furthermore, a post-deployment usability assessment was conducted using the System Usability Scale (SUS)—a standardized questionnaire commonly used to evaluate perceived ease of use of interactive systems. The BioSorter received a score of 93.5 on the SUS (out of 100), reflecting a high level of user-perceived efficiency and interface simplicity during operational use. This study represents a significant advancement in waste management technology, offering potential to reduce disposal costs and enhance sustainability in healthcare environments.

制药和生物医学废物的复杂性对有效管理，特别是在安全和成本密集的传染性材料处置方面，构成了重大挑战。本研究提出了一种新的分类模型，该模型利用双异构集成集成了深度学习、强化学习和差分进化算法进行垃圾分类。该模型通过三个关键阶段运行：图像增强、集成图像分割和集成卷积神经网络架构，采用融合强化学习和差分进化的决策融合技术。它集成了多种图像分割方法，包括U-Net、Mask R-CNN、DeepLab Version 3 Plus，以及卷积神经网络架构，如Inception Version 3、Residual network 50、Mobile network Version 2和dense Connected convolutional network 121。开发的模型为“生物分选机”提供动力，这是一种专门设计用于区分感染性和非感染性废物的机器。在专有数据集和基准数据集上进行的综合评估表明，所提出的BioSorter模型显著优于几种广泛使用的深度学习架构，包括ResNet50、DenseNet121、MobileNetV2、InceptionV3和ResNeXt-50。平均而言，该模型在各自数据集上的分类准确率比这些方法提高了5.35%和9.05%。在一个小型医疗中心的实际部署中，BioSorter实现了98%的分选精度，处理吞吐量提高了50%。此外，使用系统可用性量表（SUS）进行部署后可用性评估，SUS是一份标准化问卷，通常用于评估交互式系统的易用性。BioSorter在SUS上获得了93.5分（满分100分），反映了在操作使用过程中用户感知的高水平效率和界面简单性。这项研究代表了废物管理技术的重大进步，为降低处置成本和提高医疗保健环境的可持续性提供了潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions from a biogas plant in Korea 韩国沼气工厂的温室气体排放评价

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115201

Geun-Woo Park, Eska Nugrahaeningtyas, Dong-woo Kim, Kyu-Hyun Park

Biogas is a renewable energy source generated through anaerobic digestion, yet Korea lacks specific emission factors (EFs) to quantify its emissions. This study measured methane (CH₄) and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions from a co-digestion biogas plant treating 70 tonnes of swine manure from approximately 20,000 heads of swine and 30 tonnes of food waste per day, including potential leakage, and evaluate its performance and environmental impacts. Emissions were monitored from July 7, 2022, to September 27, 2023, using an open dynamic chamber approach, treating interconnected feedstock and aeration storage buildings as a single measurement system. Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the 2019 Refinement Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guideline were also calculated and compared with field-measured GHG emission rates. Results showed that the IPCC-calculated CH₄ and N₂O emissions were 72.5 % lower than estimates from the 2019 IPCC Guidelines. The CH₄ leakage rate was 0.38 %, aligning with European facility standards. However, N₂O emissions increased due to improper aeration, emphasizing the sensitivity of N₂O production to operational conditions. These findings highlight the necessity of accurate field-based EFs, suggesting that well-managed biogas plants can achieve low emissions, while low aeration may cause substantial increases, especially in N₂O. This study supports improved emission inventories and performance benchmarks for Korea’s biogas sector.

沼气是通过厌氧消化产生的可再生能源，但韩国没有量化其排放量的具体排放因子（EFs）。本研究测量了一个共消化沼气厂每天处理约2万头猪的70吨猪粪和30吨食物垃圾的甲烷（CH4）和一氧化二氮（N2O）排放，包括潜在泄漏，并评估其性能和环境影响。从2022年7月7日到2023年9月27日，采用开放式动态室方法对排放进行监测，将相互连接的原料和曝气储存建筑作为一个单一的测量系统。还计算了2019年政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）改进指南中的温室气体（GHG）排放量，并与现场测量的温室气体排放率进行了比较。结果显示，IPCC计算的CH4和N2O排放量比2019年IPCC指南的估计值低72.5%。CH4泄漏率为0.38%，符合欧洲设施标准。然而，由于曝气不当，N2O排放量增加，强调了N2O生产对操作条件的敏感性。这些发现强调了精确的野外EFs的必要性，表明管理良好的沼气厂可以实现低排放，而低曝气可能导致大量增加，特别是N2O。这项研究支持改善韩国沼气行业的排放清单和绩效基准。

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引用次数: 0

Factors shaping end-of-life management of short-lived consumer goods: A comparison between plastic packaging and textiles 影响短寿命消费品寿命结束管理的因素：塑料包装与纺织品的比较

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115207

Marieke T. Brouwer , Anna K. Undas , Evelien Maaskant

Packaging and textiles are among the largest applications for synthetic plastics, offering relatively high performance, low weight, and low costs compared to other materials. These short-lived consumer goods are made from a variety of plastics, are discarded relatively quickly after purchase and subsequently end up together in waste management systems. Furthermore, these products exhibit relatively high leakage rates to the environment. Hence, it is important to develop effective end-of-life (EOL) management systems that retain materials in the loop for as long as possible. This study investigates whether differences in the maturity of EOL systems in the Netherlands affect the waste management systems, particularly considering the relatively shorter history of EPR schemes in the textile sector. For packaging, where the EPR scheme is more mature, a net recycling rate of 43% was achieved. In contrast, the textiles EOL system achieved a reuse and recycling rate of approximately 20% and 10%, respectively. Despite the implementation of EPR systems, the Dutch EOL management systems of plastic packaging and textiles face technical, organisational and financial challenges that prevent the system from progressing towards more circularity. This study shows that EOL management can help control material flows and increase recycling rates. However, recycling systems are never fully closed and EOL management cannot eliminate all sources of environmental pollution, such as microplastic emissions from washing and wear. It may even introduce new point sources, such as emissions from recycling facilities.

包装和纺织品是合成塑料的最大应用领域之一，与其他材料相比，合成塑料具有相对较高的性能、较轻的重量和较低的成本。这些寿命较短的消费品是由各种塑料制成的，购买后很快就被丢弃，随后一起进入废物管理系统。此外，这些产品对环境的泄漏率相对较高。因此，开发有效的报废（EOL）管理系统，使材料尽可能长时间地保持在循环中是很重要的。本研究调查了荷兰EOL系统成熟度的差异是否会影响废物管理系统，特别是考虑到纺织部门EPR计划的相对较短的历史。在包装方面，EPR计划更为成熟，净回收率达到43%。相比之下，纺织品EOL系统的再利用和再循环率分别约为20%和10%。尽管实施了EPR系统，荷兰塑料包装和纺织品的EOL管理系统仍面临技术、组织和财务方面的挑战，这些挑战阻碍了该系统向更循环的方向发展。本研究表明，EOL管理有助于控制物料流动和提高回收率。然而，回收系统从未完全关闭，EOL管理无法消除所有环境污染源，例如洗涤和磨损产生的微塑料排放。它甚至可能引入新的点源，比如回收设施的排放物。

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引用次数: 0

The household waste collection points location problem with nearest-allocation and waste classification in rural Xi’an China 西安市农村生活垃圾集收站就近配置与垃圾分类选址问题

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-10-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115211

Hongmei Li , Yazhuo Hou , Taibo Luo

Household waste management in rural areas has become a major challenge in China. A reasonable setup of collection points can improve the efficiency of waste management. Considering waste classification and the differences in the disposal habits of residents, the coverage radius of bins is defined on the basis of waste type. Each type of waste at every demand point must be assigned to the nearest facility located within the corresponding coverage radius. In accordance with the “Not In My Back Yard” effect, the minimum acceptable distance is also considered in the model. Two integer programming models are proposed, one for deterministic demand and the other for variable food waste demand. The locations of collection points and the number of bins for each type of waste at each collection point should be determined. The goal is to minimize total costs, comprising setup costs, bin-related variable costs, and penalties from food waste demand fluctuations. To solve the models, heuristic algorithms based on Lagrangian relaxation are developed. A case study in rural Xi’an demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models and algorithm. On the basis of the results, heterogeneous coverage radii can reduce the total cost and increase the average utilization rate of waste bins, with a limited increase in walking distance. Introducing penalty costs for food waste demand fluctuations minimizes penalties without increasing facility setup costs, achieved by adding a small number of food waste bins and adjusting facility locations and bin allocations, while maintaining resident walking distances.

农村生活垃圾管理已成为中国面临的一大挑战。合理设置收集点可以提高废物管理的效率。考虑到垃圾分类和居民处理习惯的差异，根据垃圾类型定义垃圾箱的覆盖半径。每个需求点的每种废物都必须分配到相应覆盖半径内最近的设施。根据“Not In My Back Yard”效应，模型中还考虑了最小可接受距离。提出了两个整数规划模型，一个是确定性需求模型，另一个是可变食物垃圾需求模型。应确定收集点的位置和每个收集点的每种废物的垃圾箱数量。目标是使总成本最小化，包括设置成本、与垃圾箱相关的可变成本以及食物垃圾需求波动带来的惩罚。为了求解这些模型，提出了基于拉格朗日松弛的启发式算法。以西安农村为例，验证了模型和算法的可行性和有效性。结果表明，在步行距离增加有限的情况下，非均匀覆盖半径可以降低垃圾箱的总成本，提高垃圾箱的平均利用率。在不增加设施设置成本的情况下，对食物垃圾需求波动引入惩罚成本，这可以通过增加少量食物垃圾垃圾箱和调整设施位置和垃圾箱分配，同时保持居民步行距离来实现。

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引用次数: 0

Upcycling zinc-carbon batteries for tunable manganese dioxides and zinc electrolytes in rechargeable batteries 升级回收锌碳电池用于可调的可充电电池中的二氧化锰和锌电解质。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115206

Sasitorn Khamprathed , Parkpoom Yawanangkul , Wisit Hirunpinyopas , Pawin Iamprasertkun , Adisak Boonchun , Adisorn Tuantranont , Supak Pattaweepaiboon , Weekit Sirisaksoontorn

A key challenge in battery recycling is the development of processes that can transform waste materials into value-added electrode materials for use in rechargeable batteries. Here, we demonstrate a novel upcycling approach of spent zinc-carbon batteries to enable phase-controlled synthesis of MnO₂ polymorphs (α-, γ-, β-, and λ-MnO₂) as cathode materials in rechargeable zinc-ion batteries. Through manual dismantling under controlled condition and selective separation, manganese was recovered and converted into high-purity MnO₂ polymorphs using simple precipitation and hydrothermal methods under oxidizing acidic conditions. Their distinct crystal structures and morphologies were characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM. The BET surface area of MnO₂ polymorphs was found to be 70.51 m²/g for α-phase, 57.64 m²/g for γ-phase, 8.25 m²/g for β-phase, and 23.53 m²/g for λ-phase. All MnO₂ polymorphs exhibited similar electrochemical behavior during discharge, delivering comparable specific capacity ranging from 200-300 mAh/g for the tunnel-type structures and approximately 47 mAh/g for the spinel-type structure. Moreover, the storage mechanism of upcycled α-MnO₂ electrode assembled with electrolytes obtained from the leaching solution was associated with the reversible co-intercalation and extraction of H⁺ and Zn²⁺ ions. Notably, the presence of Mn²⁺ in the recycled electrolyte can significantly enhance the structural stability and cycling performance of α-MnO₂ electrode with 63.47 % capacity retention over 200 cycles. This current work demonstrates a novel approach of material upcycling from spent primary batteries toward phase-controlled synthesis of pure MnO₂ polymorphs with promising electrochemical performance for rechargeable zinc-ion batteries.

电池回收的一个关键挑战是开发可以将废料转化为可充电电池中使用的增值电极材料的工艺。在这里，我们展示了一种新的锌碳电池升级回收方法，以实现相控合成MnO2多晶（α-, γ-， β-和λ-MnO2）作为可充电锌离子电池的正极材料。在可控条件下通过人工拆解和选择性分离，回收锰，并在氧化酸性条件下采用简单沉淀法和水热法转化为高纯MnO2多晶。采用XRD、SEM和TEM对其晶体结构和形貌进行了表征。MnO2多晶的BET表面积分别为α-相70.51 m2/g、γ-相57.64 m2/g、β-相8.25 m2/g和λ-相23.53 m2/g。所有MnO2多晶在放电过程中表现出相似的电化学行为，隧道型结构的比容量为200-300 mAh/g，尖晶石型结构的比容量约为47 mAh/g。浸出液电解液组装的升级版α-MnO2电极的储存机制与H+和Zn2+离子的可逆共插萃取有关。值得注意的是，再生电解质中Mn2+的存在可以显著提高α-MnO2电极的结构稳定性和循环性能，在200次循环中容量保持率达到63.47%。目前的工作展示了一种新的方法，从废旧一次电池的材料升级到相控制合成纯二氧化锰多晶物，具有很好的电化学性能，可用于可充电锌离子电池。

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引用次数: 0