Waste management最新文献_第7页

Recovery of multiple polyol grades from complex flexible polyurethane foams by depolymerization with alkanolamines 用烷醇胺解聚法从复合柔性聚氨酯泡沫中回收多个多元醇等级

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115340

Zoë De Herdt , Muhammad Adeel , Lukasz Pazdur , Matthew Porters , Victor Beeckmans , Jonas Cassimon , Christophe M.L. Vande Velde , Pieter Billen

The chemical recycling of polyurethane (PU) foams is limited by their chemical complexity, especially in multi-polyol formulations, resulting in low recovery rates of high-value products. This study presents a novel chemical depolymerization approach using diethanolamine (DEA) to achieve three-phase separation and maximize recovery of aromatic amines derived from isocyanates. Reaction parameters including temperature, reaction time, and DEA:PU ratio were evaluated, identifying optimal conditions (240 °C, 30 min, DEA:PU 2:1 by mass) that consistently produced a clear three-phase separation and yielded methylenedianiline (MDA) at 89 % of the theoretical maximum. Layer analysis revealed a distinct component distribution: the top and middle phases contained mainly polyols (82.7 % Polyol 1, 87.4 % Polyol 2, respectively), while the bottom phase was predominantly MDA and unreacted DEA. Urea-containing intermediates formed under milder conditions, gradually decomposing into aromatic amines under extended reaction times, revealed aminolysis as the dominant reaction pathway. The method was successfully applied to MDI- and TDI-based foams, with up to five polyols, and to mixed foams, demonstrating robustness and versatility. A predictive test, mixing polyols and cleaving agents at room temperature, reliably indicated the feasibility of three-phase separation even before depolymerization. Testing other cleaving agents showed that alkanolamines with primary or secondary amines, such as 2-aminoethanol, can also induce three-phase separation. The potential of other amines requires further investigation for optimized and efficient macroscopic phase separation.

聚氨酯（PU）泡沫的化学回收受到其化学复杂性的限制，特别是在多多元醇配方中，导致高价值产品的回收率低。本研究提出了一种新的化学解聚方法，利用二乙醇胺（DEA）实现三相分离，最大限度地回收异氰酸酯衍生的芳香胺。对反应参数包括温度、反应时间和DEA:PU比进行了评估，确定了最佳条件（240°C, 30 min， DEA:PU 2:1质量比），该条件始终能产生清晰的三相分离，并以理论最大值的89%产亚甲二苯胺（MDA）。层析结果表明，组分分布明显，顶相和中间相以多元醇为主（多元醇1占82.7%，多元醇2占87.4%），底相以MDA和未反应的DEA为主。含尿素中间体在较温和的条件下形成，在较长的反应时间下逐渐分解为芳香胺，表明氨解是主要的反应途径。该方法已成功应用于MDI和tdi基泡沫（含多达5种多元醇）以及混合泡沫，证明了其稳健性和通用性。在室温下混合多元醇和裂解剂的预测试验可靠地表明，在解聚之前就可以进行三相分离。对其他裂解剂的测试表明，烷醇胺与伯胺或仲胺，如2-氨基乙醇，也可以诱导三相分离。其他胺的潜力需要进一步研究，以优化和有效的宏观相分离。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable discharge of lithium-ion batteries using coconut water: a natural alternative to chloride-based electrolytes 使用椰子水的锂离子电池可持续放电：氯基电解质的天然替代品

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115321

Helton Rogger Regatieri, Hugo Ferreira dos Santos, Ruan Vinícius Rocha Damaceno, Henrique Cesar Linhares Almeida, José Ricardo Cezar Salgado

The neutralization of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) prior to recycling is a crucial safety step to avoid short circuits, thermal runaway, or toxic emissions. Conventional protocols commonly rely on chloride-based aqueous solutions, such as NaCl or KCl, which accelerate discharge due to their high ionic conductivity. However, these electrolytes present risks associated with corrosion and environmental contamination. In this study, coconut water as a natural and biodegradable alternative for discharging LIBs has been investigated. Aqueous solutions of NaCl and KCl (1.0–3.0 mol L⁻¹), as well as commercial coconut water, both within and beyond expiration dates, were evaluated under controlled laboratory conditions. Coconut water demonstrated slower yet stable discharge behavior, achieving complete battery neutralization within 28 h, with no evidence of casing corrosion. Its ionic content, primarily K⁺, was sufficient to support low-risk, long-duration discharge processes. Additionally, expired coconut water performed similarly to non-expired samples, indicating suitability for repurposing food-grade waste. This work highlights coconut water as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to synthetic electrolytes in decentralized recycling workflows, aligning with circular economy principles and reducing the environmental burden of battery end-of-life management.

锂离子电池（lib）在回收前的中和是避免短路、热失控或有毒物质排放的关键安全步骤。传统的方案通常依赖于氯基水溶液，如NaCl或KCl，由于其高离子导电性，可以加速放电。然而，这些电解质存在与腐蚀和环境污染相关的风险。在本研究中，研究了椰子水作为一种天然的、可生物降解的锂离子电池的替代排放物。在受控的实验室条件下，对NaCl和KCl （1.0-3.0 mol L−1）的水溶液以及过期和过期的商业椰子水进行了评估。椰子水表现出较慢但稳定的放电行为，在28小时内完全中和电池，没有证据表明套管腐蚀。其离子含量，主要是K+，足以支持低风险，长时间的放电过程。此外，过期的椰子水的表现与未过期的样品相似，表明重新利用食品级废物的适用性。这项工作强调，在分散的回收工作流程中，椰子水是合成电解质的一种具有成本效益和可持续的替代品，符合循环经济原则，减少了电池报废管理的环境负担。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon footprint of coke-making in Europe and the cost-effectiveness of plant design: Optimization by using alternative reductants 欧洲焦炭生产的碳足迹和工厂设计的成本效益：通过使用替代还原剂进行优化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115346

Mario Ávila , Sofie Verbrugge , Inge Bellemans , Kim Verbeken

This study evaluates the potential of partially replacing coking coal—a critical raw material—with solid recovered fuel (SRF) pellets made from non-recyclable waste plastics. Total CO₂ emissions and gross profit (GP) from metallurgical coke production in 2019, 2022, and 2023 were assessed across nine plant configurations under two scenarios: the Benchmark Scenario (BS) using only coking coal, and the AlterCoal Scenario (AS) replacing 2 wt% of the coking coal by SRF pellets. Results show indirect and total emissions in the AS decreased by 5.7 % and 6.4 %, respectively. Higher pellet density increased GP, though with a minor rise in emissions. Additionally, a linear correlation was found between GP and oven pushes: plants with fewer daily pushes—due to larger ovens—achieved greater profitability and GP per ton of direct CO₂ emitted. These results provide guidelines for steel plants considering this process, thereby contributing to the broader goal of emission reduction.

这项研究评估了用不可回收的废塑料制成的固体回收燃料（SRF）颗粒部分替代焦煤（一种关键原料）的潜力。在两种情景下，对2019年、2022年和2023年冶金焦炭生产的总二氧化碳排放量和毛利润（GP）进行了评估：基准情景（BS）仅使用炼焦煤，以及替代煤炭情景（AS）用SRF颗粒替代2%的炼焦煤。结果表明，AS的间接排放量和总排放量分别下降了5.7%和6.4%。更高的颗粒密度增加了GP，尽管排放量略有增加。此外，在GP和烘箱推力之间发现了线性相关性：由于烘箱较大，每天推力较少的工厂获得了更高的盈利能力和每吨直接二氧化碳排放的GP。这些结果为考虑这一过程的钢铁厂提供了指导方针，从而有助于实现更广泛的减排目标。

引用次数: 0

Spent LiFePO4 batteries valorization: integrated process for battery-grade FePO4 production 废LiFePO4电池增值：电池级FePO4生产的集成工艺

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115335

Jiawei Du, Jialin Qing, Guiqing Zhang, Zuoying Cao, Qinggang Li, Mingyu Wang, Wenjuan Guan, Shengxi Wu, Xinsheng Wu

To address the long-standing challenges in recycling spent LiFePO₄ batteries, this study proposes an integrated process. Alkaline pressure leaching enables selective Li extraction, while simultaneously removing Al to achieve deep Fe-Al separation; P and Fe are enriched in the residues. Subsequent H₂SO₄ leaching attains 99.2 % P and 94.8 % Fe extraction efficiency, with Ca transformed into construction-grade CaSO₄·2H₂O. TBP and Lix984 facilitate > 99 % removal of F and Cu via multi-stage extraction, resulting in raffinate with F/Cu concentrations < 2 mg/L. Finally, H₂O₂ at 3times the theoretical dosage oxidizes Fe²⁺, and crystallization yields battery-grade FePO₄. The full-process recovery efficiencies of Li, Fe, and P were 97.88 %, 92.91 %, and 95.49 %. This process enables full-element recovery and exhibits good suitability for industrial-scale application.

为了解决废旧LiFePO4电池回收的长期挑战，本研究提出了一种综合工艺。碱压浸可选择性提取Li，同时去除Al，实现Fe-Al深度分离；磷和铁在残留物中富集。后续H2SO4浸出P和Fe的提取率分别为99.2%和94.8%，Ca转化为建筑级CaSO4·2H2O。通过多级萃取，TBP和Lix984对F和Cu的去除率达到99%，得到F/Cu浓度为2mg /L的萃余液。最后，以3倍理论用量的H2O2氧化Fe2+，结晶生成电池级FePO4。Li、Fe、P的全流程回收率分别为97.88%、92.91%、95.49%。该工艺能够实现全元素回收，并表现出良好的工业规模应用适用性。

引用次数: 0

Role of typical amino acids on structural evolution of hydrochar and nitrogen transformation mechanisms during hydrothermal carbonization of kitchen waste 餐厨垃圾水热炭化过程中典型氨基酸对碳氢化合物结构演化的作用及氮转化机理

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115331

Can Zhao , Yudong Nie , Junjie Ai , Ju Ran , Qian Shen

The involvement of specific amino acids will inevitably alter the pathways for the transformation of kitchen waste (KW) components during the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) process. In this study, the evolution of hydrochar structure and nitrogen transformation mechanisms was systematically elucidated for the first time at the amino acid level during the HTC of KW. The results showed that glutamic acid promoted the formation of non-condensable gases, resulting in hydrochar with the loosest pore structure. The hydrolysis products of histidine (particularly the imidazole ring) polymerized with aromatic heterocycles to form stable secondary char, achieving maximum yield (55.40 %) and nitrogen retention rate (65.43 %). Phenylalanine hydrolysates (phenethylamine, styrene) facilitated the dissolution of weakly polar organics from KW and further generated amorphous solids through hydrophobic interactions with long-chain amides and indoles. This led to the hydrochar with the lowest yield (8.77 %) and surface area (0.00 m² g⁻¹). Furthermore, hydrochar washed with dichloromethane exhibited an improved pore structure but showed reduced practical utilization potential due to its diminished yield (0.28 %), compromised nitrogen retention rate (0.14 %) and decreased defect concentration (indicated by an I_D/I_G ratio as low as 1.83). This research provided novel insights into the tailored synthesis of nitrogen-doped carbon materials from complex biowaste.

在水热碳化（HTC）过程中，特定氨基酸的参与将不可避免地改变厨余（KW）组分转化的途径。本研究首次在氨基酸水平上系统阐明了KW - HTC过程中烃类结构的演化和氮转化机理。结果表明，谷氨酸促进了不凝性气体的形成，使得烃类具有最疏松的孔隙结构。组氨酸水解产物（尤其是咪唑环）与芳香杂环聚合形成稳定的仲炭，产率最高（55.40%），氮保留率最高（65.43%）。苯丙氨酸水解物（苯乙胺，苯乙烯）促进了弱极性有机物的溶解，并通过与长链酰胺和吲哚的疏水相互作用进一步生成无定形固体。这使得该产物的产率最低（8.77%），比表面积最低（0.00 m2 g−1）。此外，经二氯甲烷洗涤的碳氢化合物孔隙结构得到改善，但由于产率降低（0.28%）、氮保留率降低（0.14%）和缺陷浓度降低（ID/IG比低至1.83），其实际利用潜力降低。这项研究为从复杂的生物废物中定制合成氮掺杂碳材料提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Air-sea exchange and coastal transport dynamics of microplastics around a Caribbean Island 加勒比海岛屿周围微塑料的海气交换和沿海运输动力学

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115345

Salvador Reynoso-Cruces , Carlos Edo , Roberto Rosal , Luis Ladino , Harry Alvarez-Ospina

Air-sea exchange represents a key yet insufficiently quantified pathway for microplastic (MP) transport, particularly in island environments where oceanic exposure and atmospheric forcing interact. In this work, we aimed to quantify the distribution and polymer composition of MP in both the atmosphere and seawater around a Caribbean island while simultaneously evaluating their transport pathways through Lagrangian drift modeling. MP distribution, polymer composition, and transport dynamics were examined through coordinated atmospheric and surface-water sampling, micro-FTIR analysis, chemometric discrimination, and Lagrangian drift modeling (OpenDrift). Polyethylene (PE) dominated airborne MP (34 %), while polyester (PES) prevailed in seawater (54 %), indicating selective partitioning driven by density, morphology, and surface chemistry. Morning airborne concentrations were 37 % higher than afternoon values, consistent with sea-breeze circulation patterns. Seawater MP concentrations increased from 5 MP L⁻¹ to 35 MP L⁻¹ toward the continental shelf, a spatial gradient reproduced by drift simulations showing > 40 % nearshore retention within 24 h and rapid northward export via the Yucatán Current. By integrating polymer-specific characterization with physical transport modeling, the present study provides mechanistic insight into how intrinsic material properties and local hydrodynamics jointly determine MP fate in tropical island systems, offering a framework for targeted monitoring and mitigation in coastal environments.

海气交换是微塑料（MP）运输的关键途径，但量化不足，特别是在海洋暴露和大气强迫相互作用的岛屿环境中。在这项工作中，我们旨在量化加勒比海岛屿周围大气和海水中MP的分布和聚合物组成，同时通过拉格朗日漂移模型评估它们的运输途径。通过协调大气和地表水采样、微红外分析、化学计量鉴别和拉格朗日漂移模型（OpenDrift），研究了MP分布、聚合物组成和输运动力学。聚乙烯（PE）在空气中占主导地位（34%），而聚酯（PES）在海水中占主导地位（54%），这表明由密度、形态和表面化学驱动的选择性分配。上午空气中的浓度比下午高37%，与海风环流模式一致。向大陆架方向的海水MP浓度从5mp L−1增加到35mp L−1，漂移模拟再现了一个空间梯度，显示24小时内近岸滞留40%，并通过Yucatán洋流快速向北输出。通过将聚合物特异性表征与物理输运建模相结合，本研究提供了对热带岛屿系统中固有材料特性和局部流体动力学如何共同决定MP命运的机制见解，为沿海环境中有针对性的监测和缓解提供了框架。

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引用次数: 0

Extensive study on biogas trace compounds from agricultural and municipal biomass residues for downstream catalytic conversion 广泛研究从农业和城市生物质残留物中提取的沼气微量化合物用于下游催化转化。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115330

Selina Nieß , Mathias Stur , Ute Mikow , Marcel Pohl , Marco Klemm

This study used quantitative biogas measurements from four full-scale biogas plants to determine which trace components can be expected in biogas from biogenic agricultural or municipal residues. The objective was to identify trace compounds that could damage the catalyst when biogas is used as a feedstock for a catalytic conversion. Knowing the exact composition of the biogas, including for example all sulfur-containing molecules, is therefore essential for the process’s operational expenditures (OPEX). The results of this investigation add to a database of fully measured biogases and can be used to select suitable biogas purification steps. Trace compounds found in all measured biogas samples were ethanol, acetone, toluene, alpha-pinene and 3–methylfuran. However, biogases from different substrates contain distinctive trace components. The biogas from organic waste shows the highest amount of S-containing molecules (up to 14.7 ppm in total), while the biogas from wastewater sludge shows higher amounts of siloxanes (50 mg m^–3STP) and the biogases from agricultural waste contain oxygenates like acetone and 2-butanone. Measurements taken at various points along the process chain indicate that activated carbon is sufficient for removing most of the trace components from biogas. However, it was observed in one plant that the activated carbon must be replaced before it reaches its adsorption limit to avoid the desorption of volatile organic compounds. Biogas or the biogenic CO₂ are well-suited to be used in downstream processes, but analytical monitoring of the biogas composition and a suitable connection between plant and downstream process are required.

本研究使用了四个全规模沼气厂的定量沼气测量，以确定哪些微量成分可以在生物源农业或城市残留物的沼气中预期。目的是确定当沼气被用作催化转化的原料时可能破坏催化剂的微量化合物。因此，了解沼气的确切组成，包括例如所有含硫分子，对于该工艺的运营支出（OPEX）至关重要。这项调查的结果增加了一个充分测量的沼气数据库，可以用来选择合适的沼气净化步骤。在所有测量的沼气样品中发现的微量化合物是乙醇、丙酮、甲苯、α -蒎烯和3-甲基呋喃。然而，来自不同基质的沼气含有不同的微量成分。有机废物产生的沼气中含s分子的含量最高（总含量高达14.7ppm），而废水污泥产生的沼气中含硅氧烷的含量较高（50 mg m-3STP），农业废物产生的沼气中含有丙酮和2-丁酮等含氧化合物。在工艺链的各个点进行的测量表明，活性炭足以从沼气中去除大部分微量成分。然而，在一个工厂中观察到，为了避免挥发性有机物的解吸，必须在活性炭达到吸附极限之前更换活性炭。沼气或生物源CO2非常适合用于下游工艺，但需要对沼气成分进行分析监测，并在工厂和下游工艺之间建立适当的联系。

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引用次数: 0

Selective lithium Pre-Leaching from spent NMC black mass via pyrolysis (Carbothermal thermal Treatment) and controlled leaching 通过热解（碳热热处理）和控制浸出从废NMC黑团中选择性预浸出锂。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115339

Amir Hossein Mohammad Zadeh , Spencer Cunnigham , Devon Gray , Sevan Bedrossian , Baian Almusned , Jeffrey Daniel Henderson , Gisele Azimi

The rapid expansion of lithium-ion battery usage has intensified the need for efficient and economically viable recycling processes capable of selectively recovering lithium from spent cathode materials. Here, we develop and mechanistically evaluate a simplified, reductant-free pyrolysis–leaching route for lithium pre-extraction from NMC-type black mass. Carbothermal reduction (pyrolysis) was conducted at 550–630 °C for 60 min under nitrogen using only the inherent carbon content of the black mass as the reducing agent. Comprehensive characterization, including XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM-EDX, ToF-SIMS, and TC/TOC, revealed that carbothermal reduction induces a sequence of phase transformations: (i) decomposition of PVDF and organics to form reactive pyrolytic carbon; (ii) collapse of the NMC layered structure; (iii) carbothermal reduction of Ni and Co oxides; and (iv) formation of water-leachable Li₂CO₃/Li₂O. These modifications increase lithium accessibility while stabilizing transition metals as Ni⁰, Co⁰/CoO, and MnO, enabling selective lithium dissolution at near-neutral pH. Leaching experiments showed that untreated black mass achieves only 21 % Li recovery at pH around 7, whereas pyrolyzed material yields ∼ 63 % Li recovery at the same pH, with < 1–6 % dissolution of Ni, Co, and Mn. This high selectivity eliminates the need for strong acids, reduces impurity load, and preserves transition-metal phases for downstream hydrometallurgical or regeneration processes. A technoeconomic comparison with two representative literature routes demonstrates that the proposed process offers the lowest energy consumption, reagent use, and purification burden, owing to its low-temperature operation, reductant-free design, and minimal chemical inputs.

锂离子电池使用的迅速扩大，加强了对高效、经济可行的回收工艺的需求，这种工艺能够选择性地从废阴极材料中回收锂。在这里，我们开发了一种简化的、无还原剂的热解浸出工艺，用于从nmc型黑色物质中预提取锂。在氮气条件下，仅以炭黑的固有含碳量为还原剂，在550-630℃下进行碳热还原（热解）60 min。XRD、拉曼光谱、SEM-EDX、ToF-SIMS和TC/TOC等综合表征表明，碳热还原诱导了一系列相变：(1)PVDF和有机物分解生成反应性热解碳；（ii） NMC层状结构的崩塌；（iii） Ni和Co氧化物的碳热还原；（iv）形成可水浸Li2CO3/Li2O。这些修饰增加了锂的可及性，同时稳定了Ni⁰、Co⁰/CoO和MnO等过渡金属，在接近中性的pH下实现了锂的选择性溶解。浸出实验表明，未经处理的黑色物质在pH约为7时只能获得21%的锂回收率，而在相同的pH下，热解材料的锂回收率为63%

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引用次数: 0

Closed-loop recycling of waste ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene via inducing melt fracture coupled with solid-state shear milling 诱导熔体断裂耦合固态剪切铣削的超高分子量聚乙烯废塑料闭环回收研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115341

Kun Wang , Changlin Cao , Xiaochuan Chen , Qingrong Qian , Weiming Zhou , Songwei Yang , Qinghua Chen

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is a high-performance engineering thermoplastic characterized by outstanding mechanical strength, chemical stability, resistance to crack propagation, exceptional wear resistance, and extremely high melt viscosity. These attributes, while advantageous for performance, render UHMWPE highly challenging to recycle using conventional approaches. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for innovative recycling strategies that preserve, or potentially enhance, its intrinsic properties. This study introduces a mechanical recycling approach that integrates high- and low-temperature shear fields through the use of double-roll open mills and solid-state shear milling equipment. High-temperature shear stresses induce melt fracture in UHMWPE, generating structural defects, while the three-dimensional shear forces in solid-state shear milling accelerate defect initiation and propagation. This coupled shear-field process mitigates the limitations imposed by UHMWPE’s high melt viscosity and highly entangled chain architecture, thus overcoming conventional recycling barriers. Application of this method to waste UHMWPE sheets enabled effective closed-loop recycling. The recycled samples retained up to 93% of the tensile strength of the original sheets. Furthermore, the processed material exhibited irregular morphologies with micrometer-scale particle sizes and reduced thickness. Notably, molded samples derived from this process demonstrated enhanced tensile fracture strain compared with the original sheet waste. Overall, the coupled high–low temperature shear-field strategy presents a facile and promising pathway for the closed-loop recycling of UHMWPE and potentially other difficult-to-process engineering thermoplastics.

超高分子量聚乙烯（UHMWPE）是一种高性能工程热塑性塑料，具有优异的机械强度、化学稳定性、抗裂纹扩展、优异的耐磨性和极高的熔体粘度等特点。这些特性虽然有利于提高性能，但也使得UHMWPE很难用传统方法回收。因此，迫切需要创新的回收策略，以保护或潜在地增强其内在特性。本研究介绍了一种机械回收方法，通过使用双辊开磨机和固态剪切铣削设备，将高温和低温剪切场集成在一起。高温剪切应力诱发超高分子量聚乙烯熔体断裂，产生结构缺陷，而固态剪切铣削中三维剪切力加速缺陷的萌生和扩展。这种耦合剪切场过程减轻了UHMWPE高熔体粘度和高度纠缠链结构所带来的限制，从而克服了传统的回收障碍。将这种方法应用于废弃的超高分子量聚乙烯片材，实现了有效的闭环回收。回收的样品保留了原始薄片93%的抗拉强度。此外，加工后的材料形貌不规则，颗粒尺寸为微米级，厚度减小。值得注意的是，与原始板材废料相比，从该工艺中获得的模制样品显示出增强的拉伸断裂应变。总的来说，高低温耦合剪切场策略为UHMWPE和其他难以加工的工程热塑性塑料的闭环回收提供了一个简单而有前途的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Unraveling synergistic control in green Leaching: A double exponential kinetic model for efficient and sustainable indium recovery from E-waste using deep eutectic solvents 揭示绿色浸出中的协同控制：利用深度共晶溶剂从电子废物中高效和可持续地回收铟的双指数动力学模型。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115334

Runchang Su , Yadi Wang , Shujie Tang , Zhipeng Wang , Mei Zhang , Min Guo

The rapid development of the electronics industry caused an exponential increase in waste liquid crystal displays (LCDs). Waste LCDs release indium tin oxide (ITO, In₂O₃·SnO₂), which is cytotoxic and poses a significant burden on the environment. Deep eutectic solvents, characterized by their high saturated vapor pressure and tunable composition, were regarded as sustainable green solvents and could serve as efficient and environmentally friendly leaching agents for ITO. This study systematically investigated the leaching mechanism of indium tin oxide in a specific DES (oxalic acid dihydrate: choline chloride = 1:2.6). Characterization results revealed a multi-step pathway with multiple rate-controlling stages. The proposed double exponential model demonstrated exceptional performance (R² > 0.995) and stability across all conditions, effectively describing this multi-controlled process. Using this model, the effects of temperature, stirring rate, and indium tin oxide particle size were quantified. Dynamic analysis confirmed the dual control mechanism. Significantly, reducing particle size drastically lowered apparent activation energy (265 μm: 53.24 kJ·mol⁻¹ → 45 μm: 18.02 kJ·mol⁻¹), highlighting its key role in efficiency, while stirring rate had minimal impact. The model’s broad applicability was validated across diverse deep eutectic solvent leaching systems (R² > 0.98). This work pioneers the application of the double exponential kinetic model to deep eutectic solvent leaching, establishing it as a powerful tool for understanding mechanisms and optimizing processes.

随着电子工业的迅速发展，废旧液晶显示器的数量呈指数级增长。废弃lcd释放的氧化铟锡（ITO, In2O3·SnO2）具有细胞毒性，对环境造成严重负担。深共晶溶剂具有饱和蒸气压高、组分可调等特点，是一种可持续发展的绿色溶剂，可作为高效环保的ITO浸出剂。本研究系统地研究了氧化铟锡在特定的DES（草酸二水合物：氯化胆碱= 1:6 .6）中浸出的机理。表征结果揭示了一个具有多个速率控制阶段的多步骤通路。所提出的双指数模型在所有条件下都表现出优异的性能（R2 > 0.995）和稳定性，有效地描述了这一多控制过程。利用该模型，定量分析了温度、搅拌速率和氧化铟锡粒度的影响。动力学分析证实了双控制机制。减小粒径显著降低表观活化能（265 μm: 53.24 kJ·mol-1→45 μm: 18.02 kJ·mol-1），表明粒径对效率的影响显著，而搅拌速率对效率的影响最小。该模型的广泛适用性在不同的深共晶溶剂浸出系统中得到验证（R2 > 0.98）。这项工作开创了双指数动力学模型在深度共晶溶剂浸出中的应用，使其成为理解机制和优化过程的有力工具。

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引用次数: 0