Pub Date : 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115303
Sergio Malinconico , Giuseppe Bonifazi , Giuseppe Capobianco , Silvia Serranti , Ursula Grunwald-Romera , Sergio Bellagamba , Paolo De Simone , Federica Paglietti
Man-Made Vitreous Fibres (MMVFs) are essential materials for the construction and industrial areas, but their potential health risks and waste management complexities present significant challenges. This review uses the European Union as a case study to analyze the two primary issues: occupational health hazard assessment and waste stream management. We found that despite a mature regulatory framework, a lack of harmonized standards across Europe leads to inconsistencies in worker protection and waste classification. The review highlights the continued dominance of traditional, often slow, analytical methods for fibre identification and risk assessment, which conflicts with the need for rapid, on-site decision-making. We explore the potential of advanced analytical techniques (e.g. HIS, XRF) to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we conclude that regulatory fragmentation is a major barrier to the circular economy, hindering the effective recycling of MMVF waste. This study underscores the urgent need for updated, standardized European policies to ensure both worker safety and sustainable waste management.
{"title":"Man made vitreous fibres: legislative and analytical background review","authors":"Sergio Malinconico , Giuseppe Bonifazi , Giuseppe Capobianco , Silvia Serranti , Ursula Grunwald-Romera , Sergio Bellagamba , Paolo De Simone , Federica Paglietti","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Man-Made Vitreous Fibres (MMVFs) are essential materials for the construction and industrial areas, but their potential health risks and waste management complexities present significant challenges. This review uses the European Union as a case study to analyze the two primary issues: occupational health hazard assessment and waste stream management. We found that despite a mature regulatory framework, a lack of harmonized standards across Europe leads to inconsistencies in worker protection and waste classification. The review highlights the continued dominance of traditional, often slow, analytical methods for fibre identification and risk assessment, which conflicts with the need for rapid, on-site decision-making. We explore the potential of advanced analytical techniques (e.g. HIS, XRF) to overcome these limitations. Furthermore, we conclude that regulatory fragmentation is a major barrier to the circular economy, hindering the effective recycling of MMVF waste. This study underscores the urgent need for updated, standardized European policies to ensure both worker safety and sustainable waste management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115303"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145865829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115298
A.M. Arif , F.B. Abdelaal
The diffusion behaviour of four elastomeric bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) from two manufacturers and with different thicknesses is investigated to assess the effects of temperature, thickness, and formulation on their performance as diffusive barriers for solid waste containment applications. All BGMs examined had a 0.012 mm anti-root polyester (PET) film at their bottom surfaces. Diffusion tests are conducted on the as-received BGMs and the BGM components (the isolated PET film, and a modified BGM sample obtained by removing the PET film from the as-received material) at 24 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C. The diffusion parameters inferred at the three test temperatures were used to generate theoretical concentration profiles, which closely matched the experimental data, thereby validating the use of a two-layer modelling approach that treats BGMs as a multilayer composite material. Results demonstrated a clear increase in the diffusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with temperature through the as-received BGM and its different components, with the PET film providing the main resistance to VOC migration. Additionally, it is shown that thicker BGMs exhibited longer times to equilibrium, consistent with a reduced rate of permeation resulting from extended diffusion pathways. However, BGMs from the same manufacturer exhibited comparable diffusion parameters regardless of thickness. These findings highlight the need for material-specific composition testing in diffusive performance assessments. They also show the key role of temperature and the PET film in controlling the VOC migration through BGMs in containment barrier systems.
{"title":"Effects of temperature and material thickness on the diffusion properties of bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) in waste containment systems","authors":"A.M. Arif , F.B. Abdelaal","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115298","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115298","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The diffusion behaviour of four elastomeric bituminous geomembranes (BGMs) from two manufacturers and with different thicknesses is investigated to assess the effects of temperature, thickness, and formulation on their performance as diffusive barriers for solid waste containment applications. All BGMs examined had a 0.012 mm anti-root polyester (PET) film at their bottom surfaces. Diffusion tests are conducted on the as-received BGMs and the BGM components (the isolated PET film, and a modified BGM sample obtained by removing the PET film from the as-received material) at 24 °C, 35 °C and 50 °C. The diffusion parameters inferred at the three test temperatures were used to generate theoretical concentration profiles, which closely matched the experimental data, thereby validating the use of a two-layer modelling approach that treats BGMs as a multilayer composite material. Results demonstrated a clear increase in the diffusion of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with temperature through the as-received BGM and its different components, with the PET film providing the main resistance to VOC migration. Additionally, it is shown that thicker BGMs exhibited longer times to equilibrium, consistent with a reduced rate of permeation resulting from extended diffusion pathways. However, BGMs from the same manufacturer exhibited comparable diffusion parameters regardless of thickness. These findings highlight the need for material-specific composition testing in diffusive performance assessments. They also show the key role of temperature and the PET film in controlling the VOC migration through BGMs in containment barrier systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115298"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115305
Phebe Linette Bonilla Prado , Peter Kjeldsen , Lotte Fjelsted , Jens E. Larsen , Anders G. Christensen , Charlotte Scheutz
The applicability of landfill aeration for stabilising old and low-organic waste was tested at the AV Miljø landfill, Denmark. Preliminary air injection tests achieved higher aeration flow rates in the southwest area (250–370 m3 h−1) compared to the northeast (150–200 m3 h−1) of the waste cell, with visible response pressure up to ∼ 40 m away from the injection point. A five-week aeration test with an air injection flow of 200 m3 h−1 injected at 5–6.5 m depth resulted in a temperature increase of ∼ 10 °C in the waste body, indicating increased aerobic biological activity, especially after aeration stopped and the winter air did not cool down the waste. Aeration effectively transformed anaerobic conditions into aerobic, thereby accelerating organic waste degradation and significantly reducing CH4 concentrations from 53.4− 67.7 to 0.2 – 15.3 %vol. Air distribution during aeration was predominantly horizontal, with nitrogen found at an influence radius of over 80 m and oxygen depletion within 50 m. The estimated oxygen consumption rate was low, at ∼ 0.002 mg O2 g DW−1 h−1, as expected for waste with low organic content. Based on the aeration radius of influence, the facilities for full-scale aeration experiment were redesigned, reducing from 60 projected wells to only 15 wells, reducing costs. A full-scale aeration system is planned to further investigate the benefits of aeration for landfills with low organic content.
在丹麦AV Miljø填埋场测试了填埋场曝气对稳定旧废物和低有机废物的适用性。与废电池的东北部（150-200 m3 h - 1）相比，初步的空气注入试验在西南区域（250-370 m3 h - 1）获得了更高的曝气流量，在距离注入点约40米的地方可以看到响应压力。在5-6.5 m深度进行为期5周的曝气试验，注入空气流量为200 m3 h−1，导致废物体内温度升高~ 10°C，表明有氧生物活性增加，特别是在停止曝气和冬季空气没有冷却废物之后。曝气有效地将厌氧条件转化为好氧条件，从而加速有机废物的降解，并显着将CH4浓度从53.4 - 67.7降低到0.2 - 15.3% vol。曝气过程中的空气分布主要是水平分布，氮气的影响半径在80 m以上，氧气损耗在50 m以内。估计的耗氧率很低，约为0.002 mg O2 g DW−1 h−1，与有机物含量低的废物的预期一致。根据曝气半径的影响，重新设计了全尺寸曝气实验设施，将预计的60口井减少到15口井，降低了成本。一个全面的曝气系统计划进一步研究曝气对低有机含量垃圾填埋场的好处。
{"title":"Evaluation of aeration for stabilising a landfill with low-organic waste","authors":"Phebe Linette Bonilla Prado , Peter Kjeldsen , Lotte Fjelsted , Jens E. Larsen , Anders G. Christensen , Charlotte Scheutz","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The applicability of landfill aeration for stabilising old and low-organic waste was tested at the AV Miljø landfill, Denmark. Preliminary air injection tests achieved higher aeration flow rates in the southwest area (250–370 m<sup>3</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) compared to the northeast (150–200 m<sup>3</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>) of the waste cell, with visible response pressure up to ∼ 40 m away from the injection point. A five-week aeration test with an air injection flow of 200 m<sup>3</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> injected at 5–6.5 m depth resulted in a temperature increase of ∼ 10 °C in the waste body, indicating increased aerobic biological activity, especially after aeration stopped and the winter air did not cool down the waste. Aeration effectively transformed anaerobic conditions into aerobic, thereby accelerating organic waste degradation and significantly reducing CH<sub>4</sub> concentrations from 53.4− 67.7 to 0.2 – 15.3 %vol. Air distribution during aeration was predominantly horizontal, with nitrogen found at an influence radius of over 80 m and oxygen depletion within 50 m. The estimated oxygen consumption rate was low, at ∼ 0.002 mg O<sub>2</sub> g DW<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, as expected for waste with low organic content. Based on the aeration radius of influence, the facilities for full-scale aeration experiment were redesigned, reducing from 60 projected wells to only 15 wells, reducing costs. A full-scale aeration system is planned to further investigate the benefits of aeration for landfills with low organic content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115305"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115317
Kai Fan , Haipei Zhang , Zhongming Jiang , Songhe Ye , Zhenqin Ge , Bo Li , Yonggang Wei , Shiwei Zhou , Hua Wang
During the pyrometallurgical process of copper, the hard nodular substances formed in the flue system can easily disrupt the smelting operation and cause various types of environmental pollution. This study investigated the formation mechanism, and phase transformation of flue coating materials (FCMs) during copper smelting through multi-scale characterization and thermodynamic simulation, and proposed corresponding suppression measures. The results show that, driven by the oxygen potential gradient and sulfur condensation, the FCMs follow the pathway of “volatilization migration − encapsulation − sulfation”, leading to the accumulation of toxic metal compounds. The spatial evolution of phases from metallic Cu/CuFe2O4 in the vertical flue to sulfates/sulfides in the horizontal flue was quantitatively elucidated. The application results of the new suppression strategy show that raising the bottom temperature of the vertical flue from the original 1220–––1320 ℃ can reduce the total mass of the dangerous range hood by 35% − 45%. Adding 1–––5% CaO can reduce the accumulation of FCMs by 30–––40% by forming a porous structure that is easy to move, while adding 1–––5% MgO can lower the formation rate of new FCMs by 25–––35% by promoting a stable spinel framework. The proposal of the new suppression measures can reduce the additional energy consumption caused by furnace shutdown, cooling, manual slag removal and reheating start-up for an annual 300,000-ton oxygen-enriched top-blown copper smelting enterprise by approximately 400 tons of standard coal each year.
{"title":"Generation, transformation and inhibition mechanism of hazardous waste flue coated materials during copper smelting process","authors":"Kai Fan , Haipei Zhang , Zhongming Jiang , Songhe Ye , Zhenqin Ge , Bo Li , Yonggang Wei , Shiwei Zhou , Hua Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115317","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115317","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the pyrometallurgical process of copper, the hard nodular substances formed in the flue system can easily disrupt the smelting operation and cause various types of environmental pollution. This study investigated the formation mechanism, and phase transformation of flue coating materials (FCMs) during copper smelting through multi-scale characterization and thermodynamic simulation, and proposed corresponding suppression measures. The results show that, driven by the oxygen potential gradient and sulfur condensation, the FCMs follow the pathway of “volatilization migration − encapsulation − sulfation”, leading to the accumulation of toxic metal compounds. The spatial evolution of phases from metallic Cu/CuFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> in the vertical flue to sulfates/sulfides in the horizontal flue was quantitatively elucidated. The application results of the new suppression strategy show that raising the bottom temperature of the vertical flue from the original 1220–––1320 ℃ can reduce the total mass of the dangerous range hood by 35% − 45%. Adding 1–––5% CaO can reduce the accumulation of FCMs by 30–––40% by forming a porous structure that is easy to move, while adding 1–––5% MgO can lower the formation rate of new FCMs by 25–––35% by promoting a stable spinel framework. The proposal of the new suppression measures can reduce the additional energy consumption caused by furnace shutdown, cooling, manual slag removal and reheating start-up for an annual 300,000-ton oxygen-enriched top-blown copper smelting enterprise by approximately 400 tons of standard coal each year.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115317"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115315
Ke Zhang , Dahao Liu , Jie Wang , Huiquan Liu , Yongchen Song , Yanghui Li , Lanlan Jiang , Peng Wu , Luyuan Gong , Kun Zhang , Zheng Ling
Fly ash poses a significant global challenge in solid waste management due to its massive production. Converting fly ash into high-performance aerogel materials provides an attractive means for its high-value utilization. However, the micron-sized fly ash particles pose significant challenges to achieving a stable aqueous dispersion and constructing a monolithic porous structure. Herein, we present a scalable, chemical-free strategy to directly convert fly ash into monolithic composite aerogels containing up to 75 wt% fly ash, exhibiting high porosity (>90 %), excellent thermal insulation, and superior fire resistance. Stable aqueous dispersions of fly ash were achieved through steric hindrance imparted by low-dimensional nanoclay. Only minimal polymer addition (∼8 wt%) was required to form a robust clay network, effectively preventing pore collapse with increased fly ash content. The resulting fly ash aerogels balance thermal insulation and thermal stability, exhibiting thermal conductivities ranging from 0.0334 to 0.0385 W/(m·K) and a compressive strength of up to 2.7 MPa at 80 % strain, while maintaining structural integrity under extreme temperatures of up to ∼1300 °C. This research significantly broadens the potential applications of fly ash and presents an optimal strategy for its high-value utilization.
{"title":"Direct conversion of fly ash into monolithic composite aerogels with robust heat-insulating and fire-resistant properties","authors":"Ke Zhang , Dahao Liu , Jie Wang , Huiquan Liu , Yongchen Song , Yanghui Li , Lanlan Jiang , Peng Wu , Luyuan Gong , Kun Zhang , Zheng Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115315","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115315","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fly ash poses a significant global challenge in solid waste management due to its massive production. Converting fly ash into high-performance aerogel materials provides an attractive means for its high-value utilization. However, the micron-sized fly ash particles pose significant challenges to achieving a stable aqueous dispersion and constructing a monolithic porous structure. Herein, we present a scalable, chemical-free strategy to directly convert fly ash into monolithic composite aerogels containing up to 75 wt% fly ash, exhibiting high porosity (>90 %), excellent thermal insulation, and superior fire resistance. Stable aqueous dispersions of fly ash were achieved through steric hindrance imparted by low-dimensional nanoclay. Only minimal polymer addition (∼8 wt%) was required to form a robust clay network, effectively preventing pore collapse with increased fly ash content. The resulting fly ash aerogels balance thermal insulation and thermal stability, exhibiting thermal conductivities ranging from 0.0334 to 0.0385 W/(m·K) and a compressive strength of up to 2.7 MPa at 80 % strain, while maintaining structural integrity under extreme temperatures of up to ∼1300 °C. This research significantly broadens the potential applications of fly ash and presents an optimal strategy for its high-value utilization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115315"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Home composting is a popular lifestyle for onsite treatment and recycling of food and garden wastes, but potentially spreads antimicrobial resistance to affect human health. Thus, the dynamics of antibiotic resistomes during home composting and their control by mature compost were investigated. Results show that the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) decreased significantly at thermophilic stage and then increased at cooling stage. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) located on chromosomes and mobilizable plasmids reduced at thermophilic stage to restrain horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and relative abundance of ARG. Nevertheless, HGT events were driven by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on chromosomes to rebound in relative abundance of ARG at cooling and mature stages. Mature compost could improve the control of antibiotic resistomes by reducing ARG and MGE hosts and blocking their HGT events. Specifically, mature compost significantly accelerated microbial metabolisms and increased composting temperature to sterilize ARG hosts and thus vertical gene transfer events during thermophilic stage. Thus, the rebound in relative abundance of ARG was effectively inhibited to increase their overall removal by 8.3% – 14.9%, particularly for high-risk ones. These results propose a simple but pragmatic strategy to mitigate significant antimicrobial resistance risks from home composting to safeguard environmental and public health.
{"title":"A small technology for big health: Blocking the potential spread of antibiotic resistomes from home composting of food waste by mature compost","authors":"Ruohan Xia, Lanxia Zhang, Guoxue Li, Wenhai Luo, Zhicheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115312","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115312","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Home composting is a popular lifestyle for onsite treatment and recycling of food and garden wastes, but potentially spreads antimicrobial resistance to affect human health. Thus, the dynamics of antibiotic resistomes during home composting and their control by mature compost were investigated. Results show that the relative abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) decreased significantly at thermophilic stage and then increased at cooling stage. Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) located on chromosomes and mobilizable plasmids reduced at thermophilic stage to restrain horizontal gene transfer (HGT) events and relative abundance of ARG. Nevertheless, HGT events were driven by mobile genetic elements (MGEs) on chromosomes to rebound in relative abundance of ARG at cooling and mature stages. Mature compost could improve the control of antibiotic resistomes by reducing ARG and MGE hosts and blocking their HGT events. Specifically, mature compost significantly accelerated microbial metabolisms and increased composting temperature to sterilize ARG hosts and thus vertical gene transfer events during thermophilic stage. Thus, the rebound in relative abundance of ARG was effectively inhibited to increase their overall removal by 8.3% – 14.9%, particularly for high-risk ones. These results propose a simple but pragmatic strategy to mitigate significant antimicrobial resistance risks from home composting to safeguard environmental and public health.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115312"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115316
William Ramos da Silva , Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento , Felipe José Cury Fracetto , Arthur Prudêncio de Araújo Pereira , Diogo Henrique de Sá Veloso Ximenes , Simone Aparecida da Silva Lins , Cintia Caroline Gouveia da Silva , Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto
The reuse of sewage sludge in agriculture represents a sustainable strategy to improve soil fertility, promote nutrient cycling, and reduce environmental liabilities. This study evaluated the effects of thermally (TS) and chemically stabilized (CS) sewage sludge, applied at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 Mg ha−1, on the chemical and microbial properties of a soil cultivated with maize (Zea mays L.). A comprehensive set of soil attributes was assessed, including microbial biomass C, N, and P, enzyme activities, and the abundance of structural and functional genes (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, nifH, phoD, amo-AOB). CS application increased total organic carbon and nitrogen contents by up to 60 % and 50 %, respectively, and elevated nitrate and ammonium concentrations to around 300 and 60 mg kg−1. It also stimulated enzymatic activity and microbial nitrogen use efficiency, resulting in a nearly 40 % higher grain yield than TS. Conversely, TS promoted a 117 % rise in fungal abundance and greater microbial biomass C, while exhibiting lower urease and alkaline phosphatase activities. Moreover, CS raised phoD gene abundance by up to 25 % and amo-AOB by 32 % compared with TS, resulting in a more energetically balanced soil system that favored nutrient cycling. Overall, CS strengthened microbial functioning and nutrient utilization, sustaining maize productivity under tropical conditions and highlighting the potential of biosolid recycling to reconcile agricultural intensification with environmental stewardship and circular economy principles.
污水污泥在农业中的再利用是一种可持续的战略，可以提高土壤肥力，促进养分循环，减少环境责任。本研究评估了热稳定污泥（TS）和化学稳定污泥（CS）在0、10、20、30和40 Mg ha - 1浓度下对种植玉米（Zea mays L.）土壤的化学和微生物特性的影响。综合评估了土壤属性，包括微生物生物量C、N和P、酶活性以及结构和功能基因（16S rRNA、18S rRNA、nifH、phoD、amo-AOB）的丰度。施用CS使总有机碳和总氮含量分别提高了60%和50%，硝态氮和铵态氮浓度分别提高到300和60 mg kg - 1左右。处理后的玉米产量比处理前提高了近40%，真菌丰度提高了117%，微生物生物量C增加，但脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性降低。此外，与TS相比，CS使phoD基因丰度提高了25%，amo-AOB基因丰度提高了32%，使土壤系统更加能量平衡，有利于养分循环。总体而言，CS增强了微生物功能和养分利用，维持了热带条件下玉米的生产力，并突出了生物固体循环利用在协调农业集约化与环境管理和循环经济原则方面的潜力。
{"title":"Thermal versus chemical stabilization of sewage sludge: Effects on soil chemical properties, microbial functionality, and maize yield in a tropical soil","authors":"William Ramos da Silva , Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento , Felipe José Cury Fracetto , Arthur Prudêncio de Araújo Pereira , Diogo Henrique de Sá Veloso Ximenes , Simone Aparecida da Silva Lins , Cintia Caroline Gouveia da Silva , Giselle Gomes Monteiro Fracetto","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reuse of sewage sludge in agriculture represents a sustainable strategy to improve soil fertility, promote nutrient cycling, and reduce environmental liabilities. This study evaluated the effects of thermally (TS) and chemically stabilized (CS) sewage sludge, applied at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>, on the chemical and microbial properties of a soil cultivated with maize (<em>Zea mays</em> L.). A comprehensive set of soil attributes was assessed, including microbial biomass C, N, and P, enzyme activities, and the abundance of structural and functional genes (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, <em>nif</em>H, <em>pho</em>D, <em>amo</em>-AOB). CS application increased total organic carbon and nitrogen contents by up to 60 % and 50 %, respectively, and elevated nitrate and ammonium concentrations to around 300 and 60 mg kg<sup>−1</sup>. It also stimulated enzymatic activity and microbial nitrogen use efficiency, resulting in a nearly 40 % higher grain yield than TS. Conversely, TS promoted a 117 % rise in fungal abundance and greater microbial biomass C, while exhibiting lower urease and alkaline phosphatase activities. Moreover, CS raised <em>pho</em>D gene abundance by up to 25 % and <em>amo</em>-AOB by 32 % compared with TS, resulting in a more energetically balanced soil system that favored nutrient cycling. Overall, CS strengthened microbial functioning and nutrient utilization, sustaining maize productivity under tropical conditions and highlighting the potential of biosolid recycling to reconcile agricultural intensification with environmental stewardship and circular economy principles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115316"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115311
Murat Yeşilkaya , Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee
Disaster waste management is known as an optimization problem that demands agile, resilient, and sustainable decision-making under rapidly changing and uncertain conditions. In this context, a bilevel optimization model for post-disaster waste management is developed based on the viability approach, explicitly incorporating agility, resilience, and sustainability considerations. In the proposed model, the public authority, acting as the leader, is responsible for the optimal selection of locations and the establishment of Temporary Disaster Waste Management Centers (TDWMCs). Simultaneously, the private sector, as the follower, undertakes waste transportation, separation, recycling, and disposal activities. Establishment costs and carbon emissions are considered at the upper level, while operational costs, recycling revenues, and carbon tax are accounted for at the lower level. The bilevel model is transformed into a single-level formulation using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, and uncertainty in waste generation is addressed through a robust optimization approach. The resulting model is applied to the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Türkiye to demonstrate its practical applicability. The results are analyzed, and sensitivity analyses are conducted with respect to the parameters of the viability approach. The findings indicate that the proposed model realistically captures multi-actor decision-making processes in disaster waste management and provides an effective decision-support tool under diverse policy scenarios.
{"title":"A robust bilevel decision-making model for earthquake disaster waste management","authors":"Murat Yeşilkaya , Erfan Babaee Tirkolaee","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disaster waste management is known as an optimization problem that demands agile, resilient, and sustainable decision-making under rapidly changing and uncertain conditions. In this context, a bilevel optimization model for post-disaster waste management is developed based on the viability approach, explicitly incorporating agility, resilience, and sustainability considerations. In the proposed model, the public authority, acting as the leader, is responsible for the optimal selection of locations and the establishment of Temporary Disaster Waste Management Centers (TDWMCs). Simultaneously, the private sector, as the follower, undertakes waste transportation, separation, recycling, and disposal activities. Establishment costs and carbon emissions are considered at the upper level, while operational costs, recycling revenues, and carbon tax are accounted for at the lower level. The bilevel model is transformed into a single-level formulation using Karush–Kuhn–Tucker (KKT) conditions, and uncertainty in waste generation is addressed through a robust optimization approach. The resulting model is applied to the February 6, 2023, earthquake in Türkiye to demonstrate its practical applicability. The results are analyzed, and sensitivity analyses are conducted with respect to the parameters of the viability approach. The findings indicate that the proposed model realistically captures multi-actor decision-making processes in disaster waste management and provides an effective decision-support tool under diverse policy scenarios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115311"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115297
Victoria C. Hoffmann, Olya S. Keen
Over the last decade, the presence of microplastics in municipal waste streams has become increasingly recognized as a significant environmental issue. While most studies have focused on liquid waste, specifically wastewater treatment plants, as a primary source of microplastic contamination, emerging research has begun to highlight solid waste systems. This review evaluates forty-six peer-reviewed studies reporting microplastic concentrations in landfill leachate, digestate from anaerobic digesters, composting facilities, and recycling operations. The concentrations of microplastics in these systems remain sparsely explored, and among available studies, methodological inconsistencies limit reproducibility and synthesis. The inconsistencies identified in this review included omitting essential sample processing steps, minimal reporting of detection limits for analytical instruments, and limited documentation of tactics for reducing inevitable laboratory contamination. These gaps highlight the importance of developing standardized methodologies and transparent reporting practices that account for sampling design, analytical sensitivities, and contamination control. This review synthesizes recent methodological trends, identifies key information to report, and proposes foundational elements for a more unified approach to microplastic analysis in solid waste streams.
{"title":"Microplastics in solid waste streams: Research needs and gaps in research methodology","authors":"Victoria C. Hoffmann, Olya S. Keen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last decade, the presence of microplastics in municipal waste streams has become increasingly recognized as a significant environmental issue. While most studies have focused on liquid waste, specifically wastewater treatment plants, as a primary source of microplastic contamination, emerging research has begun to highlight solid waste systems. This review evaluates forty-six peer-reviewed studies reporting microplastic concentrations in landfill leachate, digestate from anaerobic digesters, composting facilities, and recycling operations. The concentrations of microplastics in these systems remain sparsely explored, and among available studies, methodological inconsistencies limit reproducibility and synthesis. The inconsistencies identified in this review included omitting essential sample processing steps, minimal reporting of detection limits for analytical instruments, and limited documentation of tactics for reducing inevitable laboratory contamination. These gaps highlight the importance of developing standardized methodologies and transparent reporting practices that account for sampling design, analytical sensitivities, and contamination control. This review synthesizes recent methodological trends, identifies key information to report, and proposes foundational elements for a more unified approach to microplastic analysis in solid waste streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115297"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115307
Friso G. Versteeg , Ruben J. de Korte , Sphurti P. Kulkarni , Georgios Stefanidis , Kevin M. Van Geem
As the global number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) surges, so does the urgency to address the mounting challenge of sustainable waste management. Plastics, which make up 10–15% of a vehicle’s mass, are at the center of this challenge. Historically, these materials, especially single-polymer components, have been incinerated, landfilled, or indiscriminately shredded into automotive shredder residue (ASR). With increasingly stringent EU regulations and rising public demand for circularity, such environmentally burdensome practices are no longer tenable. This review casts a spotlight on the overlooked potential of ELV plastics, offering a comprehensive analysis of current recycling approaches and emerging innovations. Polymer-specific strategies are explored to transform waste into value, unlocking new circular pathways for both thermoplastics and thermosets. Mechanical recycling, despite limitations from contamination, additive complexity, and polymer degradation, remains the most viable and scalable route for common thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide. More complex materials, such as thermoset polyurethanes or epoxy resins, require advanced chemical processes including glycolysis and acidolysis. Innovative methods, such as solvent-based separation and pyrolysis, are gaining traction, offering monomer recovery and material upcycling. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) provide critical insights into the environmental trade-offs between recycling, incineration, and landfill, reinforcing the need for smarter, greener systems. By embracing polymer-specific recycling strategies, and investing in next-generation sorting, closed-loop systems, and supportive policies, the automotive industry can move beyond incremental change. Large-scale, economically feasible ELV plastic recovery is not only possible, it is imperative for a truly circular automotive future.
{"title":"Recycling strategies for plastics in end-of-life vehicles: a complete overview","authors":"Friso G. Versteeg , Ruben J. de Korte , Sphurti P. Kulkarni , Georgios Stefanidis , Kevin M. Van Geem","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115307","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the global number of end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) surges, so does the urgency to address the mounting challenge of sustainable waste management. Plastics, which make up 10–15% of a vehicle’s mass, are at the center of this challenge. Historically, these materials, especially single-polymer components, have been incinerated, landfilled, or indiscriminately shredded into automotive shredder residue (ASR). With increasingly stringent EU regulations and rising public demand for circularity, such environmentally burdensome practices are no longer tenable. This review casts a spotlight on the overlooked potential of ELV plastics, offering a comprehensive analysis of current recycling approaches and emerging innovations. Polymer-specific strategies are explored to transform waste into value, unlocking new circular pathways for both thermoplastics and thermosets. Mechanical recycling, despite limitations from contamination, additive complexity, and polymer degradation, remains the most viable and scalable route for common thermoplastics such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and polyamide. More complex materials, such as thermoset polyurethanes or epoxy resins, require advanced chemical processes including glycolysis and acidolysis. Innovative methods, such as solvent-based separation and pyrolysis, are gaining traction, offering monomer recovery and material upcycling. Life cycle assessments (LCAs) provide critical insights into the environmental trade-offs between recycling, incineration, and landfill, reinforcing the need for smarter, greener systems. By embracing polymer-specific recycling strategies, and investing in next-generation sorting, closed-loop systems, and supportive policies, the automotive industry can move beyond incremental change. Large-scale, economically feasible ELV plastic recovery is not only possible, it is imperative for a truly circular automotive future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115307"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145840823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号