Waste management最新文献_第4页

Critical analysis of literature on landfill gas collection efficiency and its application to emissions estimates 垃圾填埋气体收集效率及其在排放估算中的应用文献的批判性分析

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115353

Caroline J. Saul , Paul T. Imhoff , Yixuan Wang , Morton A. Barlaz

Landfills are considered the third largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions in the U.S. and there is considerable interest in estimating emissions from individual landfills. Collection efficiency (CE) or methane collection index (MCI) is used in models to estimate emissions. The objective of this review is to critically analyze literature describing measured CEs and MCIs. Reported values ranged from 14 to 95% for intermediate covers and 53–100% for final covers. Many factors contribute to the ranges including: covers were classified as intermediate or final which is overly simplistic; variability in operational factors (e.g., well coverage, maintenance quality); waste characteristics such as age, composition, and mass in place which influence methane generation and likely collection; and uncertainty in emissions measurements and sometimes collected methane. A desired outcome of this review was to recommend values or ranges for intermediate and final covers that could be used in methane emissions models as applied to U.S. landfills. Such a recommendation is difficult considering the ranges reported in the literature and numerous site-specific factors that influence methane collection. Ultimately, each reported measurement is valid for a specific landfill at a specific time. Models that relate cover type and operational variables to MCI would best support estimation of a site-specific MCI, but such models are not available. Based on this review, the authors do not recommend a specific value for the MCI for an intermediate or final cover but rather expect the operator to select a value considering factors applicable to their landfill and the information presented here.

垃圾填埋场被认为是美国人为甲烷排放的第三大来源，对估算单个垃圾填埋场的排放量有着相当大的兴趣。在模型中使用收集效率（CE）或甲烷收集指数（MCI）来估计排放量。本综述的目的是批判性地分析描述测量ce和MCIs的文献。中期覆盖的报告值为14 - 95%，最终覆盖的报告值为53-100%。许多因素影响范围，包括：覆盖被分类为中间或最终，这过于简单；操作因素的可变性（例如，井的覆盖范围、维护质量）；影响甲烷产生和可能收集的废物特性，如年龄、成分和质量；排放测量的不确定性和有时收集的甲烷。这项审查的预期结果是推荐中间和最终覆盖的值或范围，可用于适用于美国垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放模型。考虑到文献中报道的范围和影响甲烷收集的许多特定地点因素，这样的建议是困难的。最终，每个报告的测量值在特定时间对特定垃圾填埋场有效。将覆盖类型和操作变量与MCI联系起来的模型将最好地支持对特定地点MCI的估计，但是没有这样的模型。基于这一综述，作者不推荐中间或最终覆盖层的MCI的具体值，而是希望运营商考虑适用于其垃圾填埋场的因素和本文提供的信息来选择一个值。

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引用次数: 0

Alkaline hydrothermal valorization of gold tailings into hydrophobic silica aerogels and FAU zeolite 金尾矿碱性水热活化制备疏水二氧化硅气凝胶和FAU沸石。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115394

Daokui Yang , Guangshuo Wei , Jiazheng Zhang , Ruiqiang Zhao , Yunfei Wang , Jingwei Li , Xujiang Wang , Wenlong Wang , Yanpeng Mao

The large-scale accumulation of gold tailings (GT) poses significant threats to ecological systems and human health, while existing resource recovery strategies remain limited by low value-added outputs. This study aims to valorize GT into high-value products via an alkaline hydrothermal process, achieving comprehensive utilization of all components. The liquid-phase product, GT-derived silica source, was employed to fabricate hydrophobic GT-based silica aerogels (GTSA). Systematic characterization was conducted to elucidate the chemical structure evolution, thermal stability, hydrophobicity, pore characteristics, and microscopic morphology of GTSA under varying hydrophobic modifiers dosages. The results revealed that surface modification led to partially replaced of Si–OH groups with Si–CH₃ groups in GT-based silica aerogels, facilitating the transition from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity. During modification, the GT-based silica aerogels transformed from densely aggregated large particles into uniformly distributed nanoparticles, forming a well-dispersed porous network. The solid-phase hydrothermal product—GT-based FAU zeolite (GTFZ)—was applied for the adsorption of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ from wastewater. GTFZ exhibited comparable adsorption behavior toward both metal ions, with adsorption mechanisms involving electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, and surface complexation. Overall, this work presents a sustainable and efficient strategy for the high-value and full-component utilization of GT, providing a feasible pathway for the green synthesis of porous materials from high-silica solid wastes.

金尾矿的大规模积累对生态系统和人类健康构成重大威胁，而现有的资源回收战略仍然受到低附加值产出的限制。本研究旨在通过碱性水热法将GT转化为高价值产品，实现各组分的综合利用。液相产物，gt衍生的二氧化硅源，用于制备疏水的gt基二氧化硅气凝胶（GTSA）。系统表征了不同疏水改性剂用量下GTSA的化学结构演变、热稳定性、疏水性、孔隙特征和微观形貌。结果表明，表面修饰导致硅基气凝胶中硅- oh基团部分被硅- ch3基团取代，促进了由亲水性向疏水性的转变。改性过程中，gts基二氧化硅气凝胶由密集聚集的大颗粒转变为均匀分布的纳米颗粒，形成了分散良好的多孔网络。采用固相水热产物- gtf基FAU沸石（GTFZ）吸附废水中的Cu2+和Zn2+。GTFZ对两种金属离子表现出相似的吸附行为，其吸附机制包括静电吸引、离子交换和表面络合。总体而言，本研究为GT的高价值和全组分利用提供了可持续和高效的策略，为高硅固体废物绿色合成多孔材料提供了可行的途径。

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引用次数: 0

A simple method for preparing novel biochar with Fe–N bonds and porous structure: Towards phosphate adsorption 一种制备具有Fe-N键和多孔结构的新型生物炭的简单方法：面向磷酸盐吸附

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115361

Quanfeng Wang , Yang Xiao , Jiufang Qi , Haoxuan Wei , Guoming Zeng , Demin Yang , Xiaoling Lei , Yuanyuan Huang

In this study, a magnetic iron–nitrogen co-doped adsorbent (Fe/N-KBC) with a high specific surface area was successfully prepared through the simple co-pyrolysis of municipal sludge and modifiers (potassium ferrate, urea, and potassium chloride). The activation effect of K⁺ ions effectively enhanced the pore structure, while co-doping with iron and nitrogen facilitated the formation of Fe–N bonds, thereby improving both the adsorption rate and selectivity for phosphate. It exhibited a magnetic saturation value of 16.37 emu/g, enabling convenient magnetic separation. Even in the presence of coexisting ions, the phosphate removal efficiency remained above 81.62 %. Moreover, the Fe–N bonds significantly suppressed iron leaching, with the maximum Fe ion concentration measured at only 0.019 mg/L, ensuring excellent adsorption stability. Compared to other adsorbents analyzed in this study, Fe/N-KBC demonstrated both the highest adsorption capacity and the fastest adsorption kinetics. The adsorbent maintained full regenerability and could be reused for at least four cycles with minimal performance loss. In a continuous flow column test, Fe/N-KBC effectively treated approximately 590 bed volumes (BV) of phosphate-containing wastewater. The main adsorption mechanism was attributed to Fe–N coordination bonding, accompanied by electrostatic attraction, π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding and pore filling. Hydroponic experiments using mung beans confirmed the low biotoxicity of adsorbents, and the saturated material could be directly repurposed as a phosphate fertilizer. Overall, this work proposes a promising strategy for the simultaneous regulation of adsorption rate and selectivity and offers a facile adsorbent material for efficient phosphorus recovery and resource reutilization.

本研究通过对城市污泥和改性剂（高铁酸钾、尿素和氯化钾）进行简单共热解，成功制备了具有高比表面积的磁性铁氮共掺杂吸附剂（Fe/N-KBC）。K+离子的活化作用有效地增强了孔隙结构，而铁和氮的共掺杂促进了Fe-N键的形成，从而提高了对磷酸盐的吸附速率和选择性。磁饱和值为16.37 emu/g，便于磁分离。即使在共存离子存在的情况下，磷酸盐的去除率仍保持在81.62%以上。Fe - n键显著抑制铁浸出，最大铁离子浓度仅为0.019 mg/L，保证了优异的吸附稳定性。与本研究分析的其他吸附剂相比，Fe/N-KBC具有最高的吸附容量和最快的吸附动力学。吸附剂保持完全的可再生性，可以重复使用至少四个循环，性能损失最小。在连续流柱试验中，Fe/N-KBC有效处理了约590床体积（BV）的含磷废水。吸附机理主要为Fe-N配位键，并伴有静电吸引、π -π相互作用、氢键和孔隙填充。绿豆水培试验证实了吸附剂的低生物毒性，饱和物质可直接用作磷肥。综上所述，本研究为同时调节吸附速率和选择性提供了一种有前景的策略，并为高效磷回收和资源再利用提供了一种简便的吸附材料。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic purification and activation of waste-tire-derived pyrolytic carbon black for enhanced natural rubber reinforcement: Mechanistic insights and practical considerations 用于增强天然橡胶增强的废轮胎衍生热解炭黑的战略纯化和活化：机理见解和实际考虑

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115358

Longfei Xie , Ping Zhou , Xiaoyan Chen , Pei-Gao Duan

This study systematically investigated the reinforcement mechanisms of waste-tire-derived pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) in natural rubber (NR) composites at the component level through controlled demineralization strategies and modification treatments. This study identifies three main findings. First, SiO₂ acts as a rigid structural skeleton that improves filler polarity and interfacial bonding, increasing the tensile strength by 16.8% (21.39 MPa) and the modulus M300 by 9.77 MPa. Second, ZnS negatively impacts composite performance by inducing stress concentration and weakening adhesion; its removal markedly improves the mechanical strength. Third, KOH activation increases the mesopore surface area from 36.27 to 45.69 m²/g, but this benefit is realized only when KOH activation is combined with SiO₂ retention, resulting in optimal mechanical properties (22.17 MPa tensile, 10.48 MPa M300). This work delineates component-level reinforcement contributions, demonstrating that purified CBp with retained SiO₂ exhibits performance comparable to that of fossil-derived carbon black (CB), whereas ZnS-free CBp-ZK shows superior dynamic mechanical properties (e.g., a reduced Payne effect). These findings advance the high-value utilization of CBp as a sustainable reinforcing filler, addressing critical gaps in waste tire pyrolysis product applications. This study further highlights the dual role of inorganic components, with SiO₂ enhancing compatibility and ZnS impairing interfacial bonding, providing a foundation for industrial-scale CBp modification strategies.

通过控制脱矿策略和改性处理，系统研究了废轮胎热解炭黑（CBp）在天然橡胶（NR）复合材料中的增强机理。这项研究确定了三个主要发现。首先，SiO2作为刚性结构骨架，改善了填料极性和界面结合，提高了抗拉强度16.8% (21.39 MPa)，模量M300提高了9.77 MPa。其次，ZnS通过诱导应力集中和减弱附着力对复合材料性能产生负面影响；它的去除显著提高了机械强度。第三，KOH活化使介孔表面积从36.27 m2/g增加到45.69 m2/g，但只有当KOH活化与SiO2保留相结合时才能实现这一效益，从而获得最佳的力学性能（拉伸22.17 MPa, M300 10.48 MPa）。这项工作描述了组分水平的增强贡献，表明含有SiO2的纯化CBp具有与化石衍生炭黑（CB）相当的性能，而不含zns的CBp- zk具有优异的动态力学性能（例如，降低了Payne效应）。这些发现促进了CBp作为可持续增强填料的高价值利用，解决了废轮胎热解产品应用中的关键空白。该研究进一步强调了无机组分的双重作用，即SiO2增强相容性和ZnS破坏界面键合，为工业规模的CBp改性策略提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of hazelnut shell waste biomass into sustainable carbons for energy storage applications 榛子壳废弃生物质转化为可持续碳的储能应用

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115363

Stefania Volante , Rif Atussaufiyah , Federico Maria Vivaldi , Pietro Zaccagnini , Mara Serrapede , Andrea Lamberti , Anna Maria Raspolli Galletti , Federico Bella , Fabio Di Francesco , Domenico Licursi , Claudia Antonetti

In the last decades, the use of biochar has been receiving increasing attention for the development of electrochemical energy storage devices. In this work, the waste hazelnut shell biomass, a low cost and abundant agriculture residue within our territory, was valorized as feedstock for the synthesis of alkali-derived activated carbons, which were properly characterized and electrochemically tested, in the perspective of their use as new electrode material in energy storage applications. Two activated carbons have been identified as promising materials for this application and their electrochemical performances were further improved by including a doping step with copper (I) oxide, achieving the best specific capacitance of 123 F/g. Moreover, one of the two most promising activated carbons was tested in an EDLC symmetric device outperforming, at low power rates, reference materials in terms of specific energy density, reaching the value up to 40 Wh/kg, due to its remarkable specific capacitance of 55 F/g. In summary, this work proposes a sustainable and low energy demanding approach to transform waste biomasses into high value activated carbon materials for energy storage applications. The strategy not only promotes the reuse and valorization of hazelnut shell waste biomass, but it also supports a circular model with promising environmental and economic advantages.

在过去的几十年里，利用生物炭开发电化学储能装置受到越来越多的关注。本研究以我国农业废弃物榛子壳为原料，对其进行了表征和电化学测试，以期将其作为新型电极材料应用于储能领域。两种活性炭被认为是有前途的材料，并且通过掺杂氧化铜进一步提高了它们的电化学性能，达到了123 F/g的最佳比电容。此外，两种最有前途的活性炭之一在EDLC对称装置中进行了测试，在低功率率下，其比能量密度优于参考材料，达到高达40 Wh/kg的值，因为其显着的比电容为55 F/g。综上所述，本研究提出了一种可持续的、低能耗的方法，将废弃生物质转化为高价值的活性炭材料，用于储能应用。该策略不仅促进了榛子壳废弃物生物质的再利用和增值，而且还支持具有良好环境和经济优势的循环模式。

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引用次数: 0

Municipal solid waste incineration state recognition system based on deep convolutional stochastic configuration machine 基于深度卷积随机配置机的城市生活垃圾焚烧状态识别系统

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115383

Jiankang Yang , Weitao Li , Jian Tang , Wei Sun , Qiyue Li

To address the fluctuating combustion caused by the complex and variable composition of municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI), this paper proposes a state recognition system for MSWI based on a deep convolutional stochastic configuration machine (DCSCM). The system consists of high-temperature cameras, a network switch, an industrial control computer, and a server, which employs DCSCM for intelligent assessment of combustion states. The DCSCM simulated expert prior knowledge via a linear predictive basis model, incrementally constructed convolutional structure, and incorporated an adaptive optimization mechanism based on error feedback. The mechanism dynamically evaluated the model convergence and enabled adaptive construction of model width and depth before convolutional kernels were populated. The results demonstrated that the trained DCSCM achieved a parameter size of 376 KB and a recognition accuracy of 97.32%, with its operational deployment and self-optimization in complex environments improving the average accuracy by 1.20%. The study provides support for precise combustion parameter control in MSWI, enabling automated monitoring of combustion states and reduced pollutant emissions.

针对城市生活垃圾焚烧过程中复杂多变的成分导致的燃烧波动问题，提出了一种基于深度卷积随机配置机（DCSCM）的城市生活垃圾焚烧状态识别系统。该系统由高温摄像机、网络交换机、工控机和服务器组成，采用DCSCM对燃烧状态进行智能评估。DCSCM通过线性预测基模型模拟专家先验知识，增量构造卷积结构，并引入基于误差反馈的自适应优化机制。该机制动态评估模型收敛性，并在卷积核填充之前自适应构建模型宽度和深度。结果表明，训练后的DCSCM参数大小为376 KB，识别准确率为97.32%，在复杂环境下的作战部署和自优化使平均准确率提高了1.20%。该研究为MSWI的精确燃烧参数控制提供了支持，实现了燃烧状态的自动监测，减少了污染物的排放。

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引用次数: 0

Landfill gas loading ramp-up strategies: Acclimatization optimization and long-term oxidation capacity of methane oxidation biosystems 垃圾填埋气体负荷提升策略：甲烷氧化生物系统的适应性优化和长期氧化能力

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115372

Jessica Leindorf de Almeida, Jacopo De Tommaso, Federico Galli, Alexandre Cabral

Methane (CH₄) emissions from landfills represent a challenge in global climate mitigation efforts. Methane oxidation biosystems (MOB) offer a low-cost solution for addressing residual and fugitive CH₄ emissions, yet the role of the acclimatization phase has not received enough attention in the technical literature. Here we optimize the acclimatization of compost-based MOBs through controlled landfill gas (LFG) ramp-up strategies. Four identical laboratory-scale columns were subjected to distinct flow increase patterns: exponential, linear, first-order-like, and constant inlet loading. The results showed that exponential and linear strategies accelerated the attainment of 100% CH₄ removal faster than the constant-flow system. Additionally, the axial gas concentration profile revealed that ramp-up strategies influenced the depth required for complete oxidation. Notably, exponential ramp-up led to full CH₄ removal within the first 50 mm of the methane oxidation layer (MOL) when actively aerated, suggesting the potential to significantly reduce its thickness in field systems. An additional 175-day column test, designed to estimate the maximum methane oxidation capacity under increasing loadings, confirmed the benefits of gradual acclimatization. By assuming that the oxidation rate follows the Michaelis–Menten model, the system achieved sustained removal efficiencies (>90%) and reached a maximum oxidation rate (

V_{\max}

) of 3811 g_CH4·m⁻³·d^-1 and a

K_{m}

of 12 g_CH4·m⁻³. These findings highlight the importance of ramp-up strategies in designing efficient and more compact MOBs that can quickly attain design loadings.

垃圾填埋场的甲烷（CH4）排放是全球减缓气候变化努力中的一个挑战。甲烷氧化生物系统（MOB）为解决残留和逸散CH4排放提供了一种低成本的解决方案，但在技术文献中，驯化阶段的作用尚未得到足够的重视。在这里，我们通过控制垃圾填埋气（LFG）增加策略来优化基于堆肥的生物的适应性。四个相同的实验室规模的柱受到不同的流量增加模式：指数，线性，一阶，和恒定的进口负荷。结果表明，指数和线性策略比恒流系统更快地达到100%的CH4去除率。此外，轴向气体浓度曲线显示，加速策略会影响完全氧化所需的深度。值得注意的是，当主动曝气时，指数上升导致在甲烷氧化层（MOL）的前50 mm内完全去除CH4，这表明在现场系统中可以显着降低其厚度。另外进行了一项为期175天的色谱柱测试，旨在评估在增加负荷下的最大甲烷氧化能力，结果证实了逐渐适应环境的好处。假设氧化速率符合Michaelis-Menten模型，系统获得了持续的去除效率（>90%），最大氧化速率（Vmax）为3811 gCH4·m−3·d-1， Km为12 gCH4·m−3。这些发现强调了加速策略在设计更高效、更紧凑的mob时的重要性，这些mob可以快速达到设计负载。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive overview of the potential of recycled carbon fiber from composite waste: reclamation, remanufacturing, and performance 从复合材料废物中回收碳纤维的潜力的全面概述：回收，再制造和性能

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115352

Peter Sántha , Peter Tamás-Bényei

The widespread adoption of carbon fiber–reinforced polymers (CFRPs) across high-performance sectors such as aerospace, automotive, wind energy, and construction has significantly increased the global demand for carbon fibers (CFs). However, the energy-intensive production process and growing volume of end-of-life (EoL) CFRP waste present significant environmental and economic challenges. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art in carbon fiber recycling, focusing on the reclamation, remanufacturing, and reuse of recycled carbon fibers (rCFs) to support a sustainable circular economy. These waste streams are projected to grow substantially, driven by the decommissioning of wind turbines and aircraft. The valuable fibers are lost in traditional waste management practices, such as landfilling and incineration. Landfilling is also detrimental to the environment and unsustainable. Hence, recovering CFs through recycling is essential for minimizing environmental impacts and preserving material value.

This review presents a comprehensive assessment of recycling technologies, including mechanical, thermal, chemical, and emerging methods. Each technique is assessed based on quantified fiber retention, energy efficiency, scalability, and technological readiness. The study further explores remanufacturing technologies for rCFs, detailing their transformation into intermediate forms suitable for reuse. The alignment of discontinuous fibers is critical for maximizing mechanical performance. Analytical and numerical modeling tools applied to predict fiber orientation, alignment efficiency, and composite behavior are included. In addition to technical insights, the article integrates economic viability, quality assurance, and life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate environmental performance, supporting market acceptance and regulatory compliance by quantifying the sustainability advantages of rCFs.

碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRPs）在航空航天、汽车、风能和建筑等高性能领域的广泛采用，大大增加了全球对碳纤维（CFs）的需求。然而，能源密集型的生产过程和日益增长的寿命终止（EoL） CFRP废料量带来了重大的环境和经济挑战。本文全面分析了碳纤维回收利用的现状，重点介绍了再生碳纤维的回收、再制造和再利用，以支持可持续循环经济。由于风力涡轮机和飞机的退役，预计这些废物流将大幅增长。有价值的纤维在传统的废物管理实践中丢失，例如填埋和焚烧。堆填区亦不利于环境及不可持续。因此，通过循环再造来回收碳水化合物对于尽量减少对环境的影响和保持材料的价值至关重要。本文综述了回收技术的综合评价，包括机械、热、化学和新兴方法。每种技术都是基于量化的纤维保留、能源效率、可扩展性和技术成熟度来评估的。本研究进一步探讨了rcf的再制造技术，详细介绍了将rcf转化为适合重用的中间形式。不连续纤维的排列是最大限度地提高机械性能的关键。分析和数值模拟工具用于预测纤维取向，对准效率和复合材料的行为。除了技术见解之外，本文还整合了经济可行性、质量保证和生命周期评估（LCA）来评估环境绩效，通过量化可持续性优势来支持市场接受度和法规遵从性。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study of in‑situ aeration using landfillFoam: effects of landfill properties and aeration strategies 利用垃圾填埋泡沫进行原位曝气的数值研究：垃圾填埋场特性和曝气策略的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115306

Junlong Huang , Yiping Wu , Fangming Xu , Hongtao Wang , Yanjun Liu

In-situ aeration, achieved by injecting air into municipal solid waste, accelerates landfill stabilization, yet current designs remain largely empirical. This study introduces landfillFoam, an open-source solver built on OpenFOAM and porousMultiphaseFoam, integrating unsaturated two-phase flow, the dusty gas model for multicomponent transport, Monod-type aerobic and anaerobic degradation, methane oxidation, and heat transfer. Validation against analytical solutions and field data confirmed its accuracy. A 1,200-day baseline simulation identified four aerobic stabilization stages, with aerobic processes contributing 36% of total organic degradation. Aeration shortened stabilization time by 10-15% relative to non-aerated conditions. Parametric analyses showed that higher permeability enhanced injection rates but increased overheating risk, while water saturation of 40-60% provided an optimal balance between degradation and oxygen transport. A hexagonal well layout improved energy efficiency by 40% compared with a square layout, and reducing spacing from 15 m to 12 m yielded marginal benefits. In contrast, alternating injection-extraction wells and intermittent injection hindered stabilization relative to continuous injection. Early aeration initiation markedly enhanced stabilization, with a critical delay threshold beyond which benefits diminished. These findings provide quantitative guidance for optimizing aeration strategies to reduce landfill aftercare requirements.

原位曝气，通过向城市固体废物注入空气来实现，加速了垃圾填埋场的稳定，但目前的设计在很大程度上仍然是经验的。本文介绍了基于OpenFOAM和porousmmultiphasefoam的开源求解器landfillFoam，它集成了不饱和两相流、多组分输运的含尘气体模型、monod型好氧和厌氧降解、甲烷氧化和传热。对分析解和现场数据的验证证实了其准确性。1200天的基线模拟确定了四个有氧稳定阶段，有氧过程贡献了总有机降解的36%。曝气使稳定时间比不曝气缩短了10-15%。参数分析表明，较高的渗透率提高了注入速度，但也增加了过热风险，而40-60%的含水饱和度在降解和氧运输之间提供了最佳平衡。与方形井布相比，六边形井布提高了40%的能源效率，并将井距从15 m减小到12 m，产生了边际效益。相比之下，交替注采井和间歇注入相对于连续注入会阻碍稳定性。早期曝气启动明显增强了稳定性，超过临界延迟阈值后，其益处就会减少。这些发现为优化曝气策略以减少填埋后处理需求提供了定量指导。

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引用次数: 0

Extended exergy accounting applied to waste-to-energy facilities location-allocation problem 扩展火用会计在垃圾焚烧发电设施选址分配问题中的应用。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-28 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115388

Yong Liu , Zi-hong Huang , Yuan-fang Zhang , Qiong-jie Zheng

With the unexpected increase in municipal solid waste (MSW), the existing waste-to-energy (WTE) facilities have been overloaded, which has posed a severe threat to urban environmental safety. The location of WTE facilities directly determines the economic costs and is essential to sustainable urban development. However, most of the current WTE facility location models are constructed based on optimization frameworks. These frameworks mainly consider economic costs, transportation distances, emissions and capacity limitations, often ignoring the comprehensive integration of thermodynamic efficiency and social environmental factors. Herein, we propose a novel Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model integrating Extended Exergy Accounting (EEA) to optimize WTE facility locations by evaluating thermodynamic, economic, social, and environmental impacts. The case study on the site allocation for solid waste incineration plants in Shenzhen City shows that, compared with the current situation and the site allocation plan proposed by the government, the model proposed in this paper generates less external environmental and social costs exergy when handling the same amount of household waste, and can recover more valuable products. It generates 31.06% and 24.12% more additional value products respectively. Our research results indicate that strategic facility layout can reduce transportation energy consumption and dependence on landfill, providing an expandable solution for sustainable municipal solid waste management.

随着城市生活垃圾的急剧增加，现有的垃圾焚烧发电设施已经超负荷运行，对城市环境安全构成了严重威胁。垃圾焚烧设施的选址直接决定了经济成本，对城市可持续发展至关重要。然而，目前大多数垃圾焚烧设施选址模型都是基于优化框架构建的。这些框架主要考虑经济成本、运输距离、排放和能力限制，往往忽略了热力效率和社会环境因素的综合整合。在此，我们提出了一种新的混合整数线性规划（MILP）模型，该模型集成了扩展火用会计（EEA），通过评估热力学、经济、社会和环境影响来优化WTE设施的位置。通过对深圳市固体垃圾焚烧厂选址的案例研究表明，与现状和政府提出的选址方案相比，本文提出的模型在处理等量生活垃圾时产生的外部环境和社会成本更低，回收的有价值产品更多。附加值产品分别增长31.06%和24.12%。研究结果表明，战略性的设施布局可以降低交通能耗和对垃圾填埋场的依赖，为城市生活垃圾的可持续管理提供可扩展的解决方案。

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