Waste management最新文献_第10页

Catalysis pyrolysis debromination from waste printed circuit boards: Catalysts selection, parameter effects, products, and mechanisms 废印刷电路板的催化热解脱溴：催化剂选择、参数影响、产物和机理。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.009

Jiahui Wang , Zhen Xi , Ruitong Gao , Bo Niu , Zhenming Xu

As a typical e-waste, waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs), are the most valuable and hazardous components containing all the basic and precious metals as well as toxic substances such as heavy metals, brominated epoxy resins (BERs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Due to their high toxicity and carcinogenicity, effective treatment of BERs and BFRs is the key to achieve the environmental-friendly recycling of WPCBs. Recently, catalysis pyrolysis has proven an efficient and promising approach to removing and recovering bromides from WPCBs. The selection of catalysts and pyrolysis parameters mutually affect the debromination of WPCBs including products and mechanisms. However, there are few studies that focus on analyzing and summarizing the above aspects. Herein, this review first introduces types of catalysts (metals, oxides, hydroxides, molecular sieve, etc.) and figures out that metals are regarded as the most suitable catalysts for WPCBs debromination due to their high efficiency and easy to recycle. Then, the interactive effects of catalyst types and pyrolysis parameters on the debromination efficiency are analyzed, and it was found that temperature ranging from 500 to 600 °C, rapid heating rates, small-size samples and in-situ metals were more suitable for debromination. Moreover, a new idea of in-situ catalysis pyrolysis using self-compositions in WPCBs is highlighted, which point out that the defects of catalysts during the reaction process could promote debromination performance. This review summarizes the key knowledge about catalysis pyrolysis debromination from WPCBs, which will devote to the recycle WPCBs more efficiently and environmental-friendly.

作为一种典型的电子废弃物，废印刷电路板（WPCBs）是最有价值和最危险的部件，其中包含所有基本金属和贵金属，以及重金属、溴化环氧树脂（BERs）和溴化阻燃剂（BFRs）等有毒物质。由于溴化环氧树脂（BER）和溴化阻燃剂（BFR）具有很高的毒性和致癌性，因此有效处理这两种物质是实现环保型木塑包装袋回收利用的关键。最近，催化热解已被证明是去除和回收多氯联苯中溴化物的一种高效且前景广阔的方法。催化剂和热解参数的选择会相互影响木塑纸板的脱溴过程，包括产物和机理。然而，专注于分析和总结上述方面的研究很少。在此，本综述首先介绍了催化剂的类型（金属、氧化物、氢氧化物、分子筛等），并指出金属因其高效和易于回收利用而被认为是最适合用于木塑纸板脱溴的催化剂。然后，分析了催化剂类型和热解参数对脱溴效率的交互影响，发现温度在 500 至 600 ℃、加热速度快、小尺寸样品和原位金属更适合脱溴。此外，还重点介绍了利用 WPCB 中的自组成进行原位催化热解的新思路，指出反应过程中催化剂的缺陷可促进脱溴性能。本综述总结了有关木塑纸板催化热解脱溴的关键知识，将有助于更高效、更环保地回收利用木塑纸板。

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引用次数: 0

Decapsulating waste photovoltaic laminated modules by the combination treatment of thermal field and the solvent of the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone 通过热场和 N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂的组合处理，对废旧光伏层压模块进行脱胶。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.010

Chunmu Wang, Jiahua Lu, Baojia Qin, Jie Zhu, Jujun Ruan

In order to achieve the goal of dual-carbon strategy, China has vigorously developed the photovoltaic industry. However, the life cycle of photovoltaic panels is limited, resulting in a large number of waste photovoltaic laminated modules. Waste photovoltaic laminated modules contain rich metallic and organic resources, and have high recycling value. In the process of recycling waste photovoltaic laminated modules, decapsulation is a key step. Pyrolysis was considered as the common decapsulation technology, but it would cause problems such as loss of organic resources, producing pyrolytic carbon black and toxic gases. This paper reported a wet decapsulation technology. It employed the combined treatment of thermal field and the solvent of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone to swell ethylene vinyl acetate for liberating the materials of waste photovoltaic laminated modules. Under the conditions of 170 °C and 30 min, the 3 cm × 3 cm-sized waste photovoltaic laminated module was completely decapsulated. The analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was grafted to ethylene vinyl acetate structure, and some new groups were generated, such as N–H and C = O. Calculation results of density functional theory showed that N atom and methylene were active sites in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. They could react with the cross-linked bridge and side chain of ethylene vinyl acetate to form N–H and C = O groups, which made ethylene vinyl acetate lose its viscosity and produce decapsulation effect. This paper presents new scientific information for the eco-friendly wet decapsulation of waste photovoltaic laminated modules.

为实现双碳战略目标，我国大力发展光伏产业。然而，由于光伏板的生命周期有限，产生了大量废旧光伏层压组件。废旧光伏层压组件含有丰富的金属和有机资源，具有很高的回收利用价值。在废旧光伏层压组件的回收利用过程中，脱胶是一个关键步骤。热解被认为是常用的解胶技术，但会造成有机资源损失、产生热解炭黑和有毒气体等问题。本文报告了一种湿法脱胶技术。该技术采用热场和 N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶剂的联合处理，使乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯溶胀，从而释放出废弃光伏层压组件的材料。在 170 °C 和 30 分钟的条件下，3 cm × 3 cm 大小的废旧光伏层压组件完全脱胶。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析表明，N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮接枝到乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯结构上，并产生了一些新的基团，如 N-H 和 C=O。它们能与乙烯-醋酸乙烯的交联桥和侧链发生反应，生成 N-H 和 C = O 基团，从而使乙烯-醋酸乙烯失去粘性，产生脱胶效果。本文为废旧光伏层压组件的环保湿法脱胶提供了新的科学信息。

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引用次数: 0

Photovoltaic cell-derived silicon fertilizer and its combined effect with silicate-dissolving bacteria Bacillus aryahattai on rice growing during the tillering stage 光伏电池衍生的硅肥及其与硅酸盐溶解细菌 Bacillus aryahattai 对分蘖期水稻生长的综合影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.013

Jia Wen , Yichen Zhou , Han Meng , Qing Yue

The widespread retirement of crystalline silicon solar cells in coming years poses a significant obstacle to sustainable development. Arable soils have experienced a gradual decline in available silicon levels due to intensive agricultural production. Therefore, it is feasible to repurpose recovered waste crystalline silicon cells below cell-reuse benchmark into agriculturally usable resources. This study investigates the impact of photovoltaic crystalline silicon-derived fertilizer (Si group), external silicate-dissolving bacteria (Bac group), and their combination (All group) on early rice nutrient uptake, growth development, and soil physical and chemical properties through a 45-day potting experiment. The combined addition of silicon fertilizer and bacteria significantly improved soil nitrification process (nitrate nitrogen NO₃-N increased by 73.5%) and soil organic matter content by 16.2%. The increases in soil-available silicon (by 14.9%) and total potassium (by 19%) in the All and Si were significant. For rice growth, the addition of silicon fertilizer did not have a positive effect on dry matter accumulation and plant height possibly due to the Si threshold effect or K stress. However, the chlorophyll content of the Bac and All treatment groups was enhanced by 25% and 29%, respectively, suggesting the positive effect of bacteria on soil nitrogen utilization. The absorption of potassium by the plants was positively correlated with silicon, and the accumulation of silicon reduced the carbon content of the rice’s aboveground parts by 7.3% to 9.0%. The study provides a feasible solution of recycling and reusing waste crystalline silicon in agricultural applications, and the results also have indicative significance for the sustainable rice production under non-stress environmental conditions.

晶体硅太阳能电池在未来几年的广泛退役对可持续发展构成了重大障碍。由于集约化农业生产，耕地土壤中的可用硅含量逐渐下降。因此，将回收的低于电池重复使用基准的废晶体硅电池重新利用为农业可用资源是可行的。本研究通过为期 45 天的盆栽实验，研究了光伏晶体硅衍生肥料（Si 组）、外部硅酸盐溶解细菌（Bac 组）以及它们的组合（All 组）对早稻养分吸收、生长发育和土壤理化性质的影响。硅肥和细菌的联合施用显著改善了土壤硝化过程（硝态氮 NO3-N 增加了 73.5%），土壤有机质含量增加了 16.2%。土壤中可利用的硅（增加 14.9%）和全钾（增加 19%）在 All 和 Si 中都有显著增加。在水稻生长方面，可能由于硅的阈值效应或钾胁迫，添加硅肥对干物质积累和株高没有积极影响。不过，Bac 和 All 处理组的叶绿素含量分别提高了 25% 和 29%，这表明细菌对土壤氮的利用有积极作用。植物对钾的吸收与硅呈正相关，硅的积累使水稻地上部分的碳含量降低了 7.3% 至 9.0%。该研究为废晶硅在农业应用中的回收和再利用提供了一个可行的解决方案，其结果对非应激环境条件下水稻的可持续生产也具有指导意义。

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引用次数: 0

Particle size determines the short-term phosphorus availability in biochar produced from digestate solids 粒度决定了用沼渣固体生产的生物炭中磷的短期可用性。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.006

Ingeborg F. Pedersen , Dorette S. Müller-Stöver , Camilla Lemming , Klara Cecilia Gunnarsen

Biochar pellets produced from the solid fraction of manure-based digestates are rich in phosphorus (P) and may represent a P source that is easy to handle and suitable for transport to P-deficient regions. However, the effect of feedstock composition and particle size on P availability in this type of biochar remains unexplored.

To evaluate the effect of particle size on the short-term P availability in biochars derived from manure digestate solids, an incubation experiment was carried out, in which four biochars produced from digestate solids in powder and pellet form were incubated with three soils of low P content. The recovery of P in bicarbonate and water extracts was measured after 7 and 70 days of incubation. A subsequent pot experiment with barley on two of the soils was aimed at examining early crop recovery of P, comparing the effects of coarse and fine biochar particles.

Biochars from digestate solids had total P contents ranging from 12 to 63 g kg⁻¹. In all three soils, the recovery of P in water and bicarbonate extracts was lower after incubation with biochar pellets compared to powder, and P recovery remained constant or decreased slightly over time. Early shoot biomass and P recovery in barley were also higher when fine biochar particles were applied. The results suggest that particle size reduction improves the immediate availability of P in biochars produced from manure-based digestate solids.

由粪便沼渣固体部分生产的生物炭颗粒富含磷 (P)，可能是一种易于处理且适合运往缺磷地区的磷源。然而，原料成分和颗粒大小对这类生物炭中磷的可用性的影响仍有待探索。为了评估颗粒大小对粪便沼渣固体制备的生物炭中钾的短期可用性的影响，我们进行了一项培养实验，将沼渣固体制备的四种粉末状和颗粒状生物炭与三种钾含量较低的土壤进行培养。培养 7 天和 70 天后，测量了碳酸氢盐和水提取物中 P 的回收率。随后在其中两种土壤上用大麦进行了盆栽实验，目的是考察作物早期的钾回收情况，并比较粗粒和细粒生物炭的效果。来自沼渣固体的生物炭的总磷含量为 12 至 63 克/千克。在所有三种土壤中，与粉末相比，使用生物炭颗粒培养后，水和碳酸氢盐提取物中 P 的回收率较低，而且随着时间的推移，P 的回收率保持不变或略有下降。施用细生物炭颗粒时，大麦的早期芽生物量和钾回收率也更高。结果表明，粒度的减小提高了以粪便为基础的沼渣固体生产的生物炭中 P 的即时可用性。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of metal oxide nanoparticle accumulation in landfill gas engine combustion chambers: Insights from three sites 垃圾填埋场气体发动机燃烧室中金属氧化物纳米粒子积累的比较分析：来自三个地点的启示。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.003

Özge Östürk Sömek , Fikret Yıldız , Orhan Sevimoğlu

Combustion chamber deposits adversely affect the operating performance of gas engines. In this study, the elemental composition of deposit samples collected from the inner surface of combustion chambers in gas engines across three different facilities was examined using various methods. The proportional changes in metal oxides along the internal cross-sectional surfaces of the deposits were examined to depict the deposit formation process from beginning to end. Additionally, the study investigated the identification of metals accumulated in the engine oil, their contribution to deposit formation, and the accumulation mechanisms of metal oxide nanoparticles on the engine’s interior metal surfaces. The main elements identified in the deposits from the Odayeri and Kömürcüoda facilities were Si, S, and Ca, whereas deposits from the Dilovası facility contained Si and Sb. These major elements, identified by SEM-EDS, were confirmed through XRF analysis. XRD analysis further confirmed the presence of Ca and S as CaSO₄ crystals in the deposits. Ca originates from additives used to increase the total base number of engine oil and control the corrosive effects of landfill gas. It has been determined that silicon accumulates in engine oil over time. An important finding is that metal oxides in the combustion chamber primarily accumulate through impaction, sticking, and thermophoresis mechanisms.

燃烧室沉积物会对燃气发动机的运行性能产生不利影响。在这项研究中，我们使用各种方法检测了从三个不同设备的燃气发动机燃烧室内表面收集的沉积物样本的元素组成。研究了沉积物内部横截面上金属氧化物的比例变化，以描述沉积物自始至终的形成过程。此外，该研究还调查了发动机油中积累的金属的识别、它们对沉积物形成的作用以及金属氧化物纳米颗粒在发动机内部金属表面的积累机制。在 Odayeri 和 Kömürcüoda 工厂的沉积物中发现的主要元素为 Si、S 和 Ca，而在 Dilovası 工厂的沉积物中则含有 Si 和 Sb。通过扫描电子显微镜-电子显微镜 (SEM-EDS) 确定的这些主要元素通过 XRF 分析得到了确认。XRD 分析进一步证实，矿床中的 Ca 和 S 以 CaSO4 晶体的形式存在。钙来自于用于增加机油总碱值和控制垃圾填埋气腐蚀性的添加剂。已确定硅会随着时间的推移在发动机油中累积。一个重要的发现是，燃烧室中的金属氧化物主要是通过撞击、粘附和热泳机制积累起来的。

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引用次数: 0

Sustainable nanocellulose coating for EPS geofoam extracted from agricultural waste 从农业废弃物中提取的可持续纳米纤维素涂层用于发泡聚苯乙烯土工泡沫。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.011

Rana Adel , Irene Samy Fahim , Emad S. Bakhoum , Ahmed M. Ahmed , Sherif S. AbdelSalam

Expanded polystyrene (EPS) geofoam blocks are gaining acceptance across industries due to their low density, insulation properties, strength, compressibility, and shock absorption under dynamic loads. The effective application of EPS is impeded by restrictions imposed by using conventional polymer-based synthetic geomembrane insulation ought for protection. Meanwhile, the production process of the geomembrane has detrimental environmental impacts, incurs high costs, and limits the utilization of EPS blocks in various applications. This research aims to create an innovative nanocoating substance using nanocellulose derived from agricultural residues to provide an eco-friendly alternative to geomembranes. The nanocellulose was extracted from four agricultural waste materials; sugarcane bagasse, banana fibers, rice straw, and spent-ground coffee; where each had a local percentage yield of 35 %, 25 %, 19 %, and 10 %, respectively. Based upon a technical criterion provided by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs, the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making method was used to rank the sustainability of waste materials. It was found that sugarcane bagasse (SCB) is the most sustainable type with the smallest nano particle size. Nanocellulose extracted from SCB was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The innovative nanocellulose coating primarily consisted of a nanocellulose mixture (SCB + water), polyvinyl acetate (PVA), and zinc oxide. Fourteen distinct formulas were obtained to identify the optimal proportions suitable for application on EPS surface with respect to the nano particle size, purity, and binding energy between the elements. It was found that the optimum formula consists of 42 % SCB, 50 % PVA, and 8 % zinc oxide.

发泡聚苯乙烯（EPS）土工泡沫砌块因其低密度、绝缘性能、强度、可压缩性以及在动态载荷下的减震性而逐渐被各行各业所接受。由于传统的聚合物基合成土工膜隔热保护措施的限制，EPS 的有效应用受到了阻碍。同时，土工膜的生产过程对环境有不利影响，成本高昂，限制了 EPS 块料在各种应用中的使用。本研究旨在利用从农业残留物中提取的纳米纤维素创造一种创新的纳米涂层物质，为土工膜提供一种生态友好型替代品。纳米纤维素是从四种农业废料（甘蔗渣、香蕉纤维、稻草和磨碎的咖啡）中提取的，每种材料的本地产量百分比分别为 35%、25%、19% 和 10%。根据透射电子显微镜（TEM）显微照片提供的技术标准，采用 TOPSIS 多标准决策法对废物材料的可持续性进行排序。结果发现，甘蔗渣（SCB）的纳米粒度最小，是最具可持续性的类型。利用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX)、核磁共振 (NMR) 和傅立叶变换红外光谱 (FTIR) 对从甘蔗渣中提取的纳米纤维素进行了表征。创新的纳米纤维素涂层主要由纳米纤维素混合物（SCB + 水）、聚醋酸乙烯酯（PVA）和氧化锌组成。根据纳米粒径、纯度和元素之间的结合能，获得了 14 种不同的配方，以确定适合应用于 EPS 表面的最佳比例。结果发现，最佳配方由 42 % SCB、50 % PVA 和 8 % 氧化锌组成。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of organic waste through black soldier fly: On the way of a real circular bioeconomy process 通过黑兵蝇实现有机废物的价值化：迈向真正的循环生物经济进程。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.10.030

Daniele Bruno , Marco Orlando , Edoardo Testa , Marco Carnevale Miino , Giulia Pesaro , Matteo Miceli , Loredano Pollegioni , Vincenzina Barbera , Elisa Fasoli , Lorenza Draghi , Alberto Pietro Damiano Baltrocchi , Navarro Ferronato , Raffaello Seri , Elena Maggi , Silvia Caccia , Morena Casartelli , Gianluca Molla , Maurizio Stefano Galimberti , Vincenzo Torretta , Andrea Vezzulli , Gianluca Tettamanti

The transition from a linear to a circular production system involves transforming waste into valuable resources. Insect-mediated bioconversion, particularly using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae, can offer a promising opportunity to convert the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) into protein-rich biomass. However, current regulatory restrictions do not allow the use of this substrate to obtain insect proteins for animal feed, prompting the exploration of other applications, such as the production of bioplastics. Here, we explored at laboratory scale an innovative and integrated circular supply chain which aims to valorize the OFMSW through BSF larvae for the production of biobased materials with high technological value. BSF larvae reared on this organic waste showed excellent growth performance and bioconversion rate of the substrate. The use of well-suited extraction methods allowed the isolation of high-purity lipids, proteins, and chitin fractions, which are building blocks to produce biobased materials. In particular, the protein fraction was used to develop biodegradable plastic films which showed potential for replacing traditional petroleum-based materials, with the possibility to be fully recycled back to amino acids. Socioeconomic analysis highlighted values generated along the entire supply chain, and life cycle assessment pointed out that lipid extraction was the most challenging step: implementation of more sustainable methods is thus needed to reduce the overall environmental impact of the proposed chain. In conclusion, this study represents a proof of concept gathering evidence to support the feasibility of an alternative supply chain that can promote circular economy while valorising organic waste.

从线性生产系统向循环生产系统的过渡涉及将废物转化为有价值的资源。以昆虫为媒介的生物转化，特别是利用黑背天蝇（BSF）幼虫，为将城市固体废弃物（OFMSW）中的有机部分转化为富含蛋白质的生物质提供了一个大有可为的机会。然而，目前的法规限制不允许使用这种基质获取昆虫蛋白质作为动物饲料，这促使人们探索其他应用，如生产生物塑料。在此，我们在实验室规模上探索了一条创新的综合循环供应链，旨在通过 BSF 幼虫将 OFMSW 价值化，用于生产具有高技术价值的生物基材料。在这种有机废物上饲养的 BSF 幼虫表现出优异的生长性能和基质生物转化率。通过使用合适的提取方法，可以分离出高纯度的脂质、蛋白质和甲壳素组分，这些组分是生产生物基材料的基石。其中，蛋白质部分被用于开发可生物降解的塑料薄膜，该薄膜具有替代传统石油基材料的潜力，并有可能被完全回收利用，重新生成氨基酸。社会经济分析强调了整个供应链产生的价值，而生命周期评估则指出，脂质提取是最具挑战性的步骤：因此需要采用更具可持续性的方法，以减少拟议供应链对环境的总体影响。总之，这项研究是一项概念验证，它收集的证据支持了替代供应链的可行性，该供应链可促进循环经济，同时对有机废物进行估值。

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引用次数: 0

Biodegradable waste does not always degrade faster than plastic 可生物降解的废物并不一定比塑料降解得快。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.012

Frederik Dalgaard Kjaer , François-Xavier Joly

Plastic pollution has become a global environmental issue, with between 22 and 48 millions of tons of plastic waste accumulating in the environment annually. Transitioning from conventional plastics to biodegradable materials for single-use items could limit this accumulation, but the degradation advantage of biodegradable material over plastic lacks empirical evidence from in situ experiments. Here, we compared the short-term degradation of seven single-use items (e.g., shopping bags, take-away boxes), made from plastic and biodegradable materials, in both marine and terrestrial environments. Biodegradable items tended to degrade faster than their plastic counterparts, but this advantage occurred in less than half of the situations tested (6 out of 14 situations). Notably, biodegradable items degraded faster than plastic counterparts more often in the terrestrial (5 out of 7 items) compared to the marine (1 out of 7 items). Interestingly, biodegradable items made of plant-based materials, such as bagasse and cellulose, generally degraded more rapidly than plastic, while those made of polylactic acid rarely degraded faster than plastic. We conclude that biodegradable single-use items should not be disposed of in the environment and require adequate waste management, and we encourage future research on the long-term degradation of biodegradable items in a range of environments.

塑料污染已成为全球环境问题，每年有 2,200 万至 4,800 万吨塑料垃圾在环境中累积。一次性用品从传统塑料过渡到生物降解材料可以限制这种积累，但生物降解材料相对于塑料的降解优势缺乏现场实验的经验证据。在这里，我们比较了七种一次性物品（如购物袋、外卖盒）在海洋和陆地环境中的短期降解情况，这些物品分别由塑料和生物可降解材料制成。生物降解物品的降解速度往往快于塑料物品，但这种优势只出现在不到一半的测试环境中（14 种环境中的 6 种）。值得注意的是，在陆地环境中，生物降解物品比塑料物品降解得更快（7 种物品中的 5 种），而在海洋环境中，生物降解物品比塑料物品降解得更快（7 种物品中的 1 种）。有趣的是，由甘蔗渣和纤维素等植物性材料制成的可生物降解物品通常比塑料降解得更快，而由聚乳酸制成的可生物降解物品很少比塑料降解得更快。我们的结论是，可生物降解的一次性使用物品不应丢弃在环境中，需要进行适当的废物管理，我们鼓励今后对可生物降解物品在各种环境中的长期降解情况进行研究。

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引用次数: 0

Life cycle optimization oriented to sustainable waste management and circular economy: A review 以可持续废物管理和循环经济为导向的生命周期优化：综述。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.001

Dandan Zhao , Yong Chen , Haoran Yuan , Dezhen Chen

Life cycle optimization (LCO) is an effective decision-making method combining life cycle assessment and optimization, which is capable of adjusting system configurations to meet specified sustainability goals. This study analyzed the status quo of LCO studies related to sustainable waste management and the circular economy. Most studies have focused on simultaneously optimizing environmental and economic objectives, whereas few have considered social impacts. Greenhouse gas emissions is the most commonly used environmental indicator in optimization, followed by the endpoint single-score indicator. A static deterministic model is often employed to formulate an LCO problem, while uncertainty and dynamic models are less frequently applied but cause concerns. To deal with multi-objective optimization, the ε-constraint method and non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm are popular. Waste LCO has been mainly applied to macro system planning, such as integrated municipal solid waste management systems, biowaste supply chains, waste-to-energy systems, and waste-to-resource networks, aiming to determine optimal waste allocation, facility capacity/location, technology choice, etc. It is occasionally used in optimizing process structure, operating conditions, blending ratio of feedstocks, and product development. Future research should focus on exploring the integration of more environmental and social indicators into multi-objective optimization, modeling under uncertainty, dynamic LCO, process and product optimization, and addressing the lack of multi-scale studies.

生命周期优化（LCO）是一种将生命周期评估与优化相结合的有效决策方法，它能够调整系统配置以满足特定的可持续发展目标。本研究分析了与可持续废物管理和循环经济相关的 LCO 研究现状。大多数研究侧重于同时优化环境和经济目标，而很少有研究考虑到社会影响。温室气体排放是优化中最常用的环境指标，其次是终点单分指标。在制定 LCO 问题时，通常采用静态确定性模型，而不确定性和动态模型较少使用，但也引起了关注。为了处理多目标优化问题，ε-约束法和非支配排序遗传算法比较流行。废物 LCO 主要应用于宏观系统规划，如城市固体废物综合管理系统、生物废物供应链、废物变能源系统和废物变资源网络，旨在确定最佳废物分配、设施容量/位置、技术选择等。偶尔也用于优化工艺结构、操作条件、原料混合比例和产品开发。未来的研究应侧重于探索将更多环境和社会指标纳入多目标优化、不确定性下的建模、动态 LCO、工艺和产品优化，以及解决缺乏多尺度研究的问题。

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引用次数: 0

Mitigation of zinc leaching from waste ground tire rubbers through polymer encapsulation 通过聚合物封装减轻废旧轮胎橡胶中的锌浸出。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.008

Muhammad Adeel , Yanou Fishel , Johan Blom , Freddy Dardenne , Bart Michielsen , Jef Bergmans , Lorenz Van Nueten , Cedric Vuye , Christophe M.L. Vande Velde , Pieter Billen

The increasing disposal of waste tires is a growing environmental challenge requiring innovative recycling and reuse approaches. Crumb rubber, derived from end-of-life tires, has potential for various applications where resilience and elasticity are required. However, as highlighted by the upcoming ban on using crumb rubber granulate as infill for artificial turf in the EU, one of the most prominent issues, zinc leaching, urgently requires an effective solution. We studied a range of commercial polymer coatings as a zinc leaching barrier through batch and column leaching tests. This study demonstrates that coatings can reduce the leaching down to 1 % of that of uncoated rubber, reducing environmental risks while improving the prospects for continued use of crumb rubber in various applications. The physico-chemical relation between the coating structure and zinc leaching is elucidated for the most promising coatings by comparing the leaching results with FTIR, GPC and ¹H NMR analyses. The use of certain additives shows a cumulative effect to further reduce zinc leaching, while improving UV- and moisture stability. Thermal stability is controlled by the stability of the polymer base. These findings allow us to tailor the mechanical properties to various applications requiring specific elasticity and durability, while retaining the versatility and adaptability of crumb rubber in a range of scenarios. Additionally, the use of additives, typically cheaper than the polymer matrix, enhances the economic viability. By effectively controlling zinc leaching and tailoring mechanical properties through coatings, this study offers a way to extend the life and utility of waste rubbers.

越来越多的废轮胎被丢弃，这是一个日益严峻的环境挑战，需要创新的回收和再利用方法。从报废轮胎中提取的橡胶屑可用于各种需要回弹性和弹性的应用领域。然而，欧盟即将禁止使用橡胶屑颗粒作为人造草坪的填充物，这凸显了最突出的问题之一--锌浸出，迫切需要有效的解决方案。我们通过批量和柱浸出试验研究了一系列作为锌浸出屏障的商用聚合物涂层。这项研究表明，涂层可将沥滤量降至未涂层橡胶的 1%，从而降低了环境风险，同时改善了在各种应用中继续使用橡胶屑的前景。通过将沥滤结果与傅立叶变换红外光谱、气相色谱和 1H NMR 分析进行比较，阐明了最有前景的涂层结构与锌沥滤之间的物理化学关系。使用某些添加剂会产生累积效应，进一步减少锌的沥滤，同时提高紫外线和湿度稳定性。热稳定性由聚合物基的稳定性控制。这些发现使我们能够根据对弹性和耐久性有特殊要求的各种应用定制机械性能，同时保留了碎屑橡胶在各种情况下的多功能性和适应性。此外，添加剂的使用通常比聚合物基体便宜，从而提高了经济可行性。通过有效控制锌浸出并通过涂层调整机械性能，这项研究为延长废橡胶的寿命和用途提供了一种方法。

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引用次数: 0