Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115289
Mariana Barbosa Juarez , Heraldo Luiz Giacheti , Ana Paula do Nascimento , Marina Fernandes Sanches Barros , Vagner Roberto Elis , Giulliana Mondelli
Landfill stability and environmental protection are critical issues in municipal solid waste (MSW) management, especially in tropical countries, where warm and humid conditions can accelerate leachate and gas production. This paper investigated a landfill in Brazil that operated for 24 years (1993–2016), with over 30 % of the MSW consisting of organic matter. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time-domain induced polarization (IP) surveys were performed along two survey lines for mapping leachate distribution. The results were analyzed using unsupervised machine learning, visualization tools, and descriptive statistics in the R programming language. Standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted to validate cluster analysis. A comparison of ERT and IP profiles obtained 20 years apart suggested significant leachate presence and varying degradation rates within the waste body, even years after waste disposal activities had ceased. Geoelectrical data were grouped into seven clusters, which were interpreted based on material type (soil and MSW), degree of saturation (partially and fully saturated waste), and organic matter content (from dry to biogeochemically active zones). The SPT tests confirmed complex fluid distribution by revealing leachate ejection and gas emissions at specific regions of the landfill showing low resistivity (below 10 Ωm) and moderate to high chargeability (from 5 to 60 mV/V) and normalized chargeability (from 1 to 7 mS/m). The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of geophysical imaging techniques for site monitoring and highlighted the potential for energy recovery from old MSW.
{"title":"Geoelectrical imaging and cluster analysis for leachate mapping in a municipal solid waste landfill: A case study in Brazil","authors":"Mariana Barbosa Juarez , Heraldo Luiz Giacheti , Ana Paula do Nascimento , Marina Fernandes Sanches Barros , Vagner Roberto Elis , Giulliana Mondelli","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Landfill stability and environmental protection are critical issues in municipal solid waste (MSW) management, especially in tropical countries, where warm and humid conditions can accelerate leachate and gas production. This paper investigated a landfill in Brazil that operated for 24 years (1993–2016), with over 30 % of the MSW consisting of organic matter. Electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and time-domain induced polarization (IP) surveys were performed along two survey lines for mapping leachate distribution. The results were analyzed using unsupervised machine learning, visualization tools, and descriptive statistics in the R programming language. Standard penetration tests (SPT) were conducted to validate cluster analysis. A comparison of ERT and IP profiles obtained 20 years apart suggested significant leachate presence and varying degradation rates within the waste body, even years after waste disposal activities had ceased. Geoelectrical data were grouped into seven clusters, which were interpreted based on material type (soil and MSW), degree of saturation (partially and fully saturated waste), and organic matter content (from dry to biogeochemically active zones). The SPT tests confirmed complex fluid distribution by revealing leachate ejection and gas emissions at specific regions of the landfill showing low resistivity (below 10 Ωm) and moderate to high chargeability (from 5 to 60 mV/V) and normalized chargeability (from 1 to 7 mS/m). The findings demonstrated the effectiveness of geophysical imaging techniques for site monitoring and highlighted the potential for energy recovery from old MSW.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115289"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-12DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115277
R. Matthew Asmussen , Gemma G. Clark , Jacob Anderson , Agathe Bourchy , Jacqueline Ferrer , Christopher Hossack , Jonathan Lapeyre , Miroslava Peterson , Suraj A. Rahmon , Joelle T. Reiser , Brian J. Riley , Sarah A. Saslow , Chinthaka Silva
This review aims to collate the properties of the Cast Stone cementitious waste form, a specific ternary blend of blast furnace slag (BFS, 47 wt%), fly ash (FA, 45 wt%) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC, 8 wt%). This mixture has been studied as a candidate for use in nuclear waste immobilization at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site over the last 20 years. The blend has been tested for immobilizing liquid waste (including pre-treated waste, low-activity waste and mixed low-level wastes), immobilizing secondary wastes generated from vitrification, and encapsulating solid waste. As new formulations are developed at Hanford and around the world, this review provides the current state of knowledge on one of the most studied formulations for waste immobilization in the U.S. This review focuses solely on the 47/45/8 BFS/FA/OPC Cast Stone formulation and does not include the relatively close saltstone formulation nor construction “cast stone”. This report summarizes the fresh and cured properties of Cast Stone, the impact of varying water-binder ratio and waste chemistries, spectroscopic material characterizations, and field testing and modeling efforts specific to Cast Stone’s long-term performance. Relationships between the existing datasets and waste form properties are identified and discussed. From the data available, Cast Stone can provide consistent material properties that meet the disposal requirements or waste acceptance criteria of generic disposal sites, but is not yet employed for waste immobilization in practice.
{"title":"A review of the cast stone formulation for nuclear waste immobilization","authors":"R. Matthew Asmussen , Gemma G. Clark , Jacob Anderson , Agathe Bourchy , Jacqueline Ferrer , Christopher Hossack , Jonathan Lapeyre , Miroslava Peterson , Suraj A. Rahmon , Joelle T. Reiser , Brian J. Riley , Sarah A. Saslow , Chinthaka Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115277","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115277","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review aims to collate the properties of the Cast Stone cementitious waste form, a specific ternary blend of blast furnace slag (BFS, 47 wt%), fly ash (FA, 45 wt%) and ordinary Portland cement (OPC, 8 wt%). This mixture has been studied as a candidate for use in nuclear waste immobilization at the U.S. Department of Energy Hanford Site over the last 20 years. The blend has been tested for immobilizing liquid waste (including pre-treated waste, low-activity waste and mixed low-level wastes), immobilizing secondary wastes generated from vitrification, and encapsulating solid waste. As new formulations are developed at Hanford and around the world, this review provides the current state of knowledge on one of the most studied formulations for waste immobilization in the U.S. This review focuses solely on the 47/45/8 BFS/FA/OPC Cast Stone formulation and does not include the relatively close saltstone formulation nor construction “cast stone”. This report summarizes the fresh and cured properties of Cast Stone, the impact of varying water-binder ratio and waste chemistries, spectroscopic material characterizations, and field testing and modeling efforts specific to Cast Stone’s long-term performance. Relationships between the existing datasets and waste form properties are identified and discussed. From the data available, Cast Stone can provide consistent material properties that meet the disposal requirements or waste acceptance criteria of generic disposal sites, but is not yet employed for waste immobilization in practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115277"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115293
Qindong Chen , Xiyao Zhao , Ning Wang , Huanan Wu , Qiyong Xu
Textile consumption has been continuously increasing, posing significant challenges for waste management and disposal. Pyrolysis offers significant potential for recovering resources from non-degradable textiles (e.g., polyester). However, comprehensive studies on product distribution and the release of hazardous components across diverse textile types remain limited, which restricts the development of high-value resource recovery strategies and leads to potential environmental and health risks. This study systematically investigated the fast pyrolysis (550 °C) characteristics of five pure textiles—cotton (C), wool (W), nylon (N), polyester (T), rayon (R)—and one mixed textile (MT). The results revealed distinct product profiles for different textile types. Cotton-derived bio-oil exhibited high content (83.61 %) of light hydrocarbons (<C10), making it suitable for use as liquid fuel after simple acid removal. Wool pyrolysis generated complex bio-oil requiring secondary cracking. Synthetic fabrics (N, T, R) produced bio-oils with substantial corrosive carboxylic acids (e.g., benzoic acid), necessitating esterification pretreatment for fuel use. MT pyrolysis yielded nitrogen-rich bio-oil (74.77 % N-compounds) containing 37.35 % caprolactam, highlighting its value as a chemical feedstock but requiring carbon black separation from the particulate matter (PM). PM analysis identified viscosity-driven formation in cotton and tar/soot dominance in synthetics. This study provides critical insights into tailoring pyrolysis protocols to specific textile wastes, thereby advancing sustainable resource recovery while mitigating corrosion and pollution risks associated with hazardous by-products.
{"title":"Fast pyrolysis of waste textiles: Product distribution, formation of hazardous by-products, and resource recovery pathways","authors":"Qindong Chen , Xiyao Zhao , Ning Wang , Huanan Wu , Qiyong Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115293","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115293","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Textile consumption has been continuously increasing, posing significant challenges for waste management and disposal. Pyrolysis offers significant potential for recovering resources from non-degradable textiles (e.g., polyester). However, comprehensive studies on product distribution and the release of hazardous components across diverse textile types remain limited, which restricts the development of high-value resource recovery strategies and leads to potential environmental and health risks. This study systematically investigated the fast pyrolysis (550 °C) characteristics of five pure textiles—cotton (C), wool (W), nylon (N), polyester (T), rayon (R)—and one mixed textile (MT). The results revealed distinct product profiles for different textile types. Cotton-derived bio-oil exhibited high content (83.61 %) of light hydrocarbons (<C10), making it suitable for use as liquid fuel after simple acid removal. Wool pyrolysis generated complex bio-oil requiring secondary cracking. Synthetic fabrics (N, T, R) produced bio-oils with substantial corrosive carboxylic acids (e.g., benzoic acid), necessitating esterification pretreatment for fuel use. MT pyrolysis yielded nitrogen-rich bio-oil (74.77 % N-compounds) containing 37.35 % caprolactam, highlighting its value as a chemical feedstock but requiring carbon black separation from the particulate matter (PM). PM analysis identified viscosity-driven formation in cotton and tar/soot dominance in synthetics. This study provides critical insights into tailoring pyrolysis protocols to specific textile wastes, thereby advancing sustainable resource recovery while mitigating corrosion and pollution risks associated with hazardous by-products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115293"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115286
Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka , Stefan Heinen , Muhammad Sadeghzadeh , Balanand Santhosh , Gifty Sara Rolly , Justyna Łuczak , Gurdial Blugan
The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the consequential accumulation of waste from these batteries necessitate its appropriate disposal and recycling. This is important in order to responsibly address the environmental concerns and the shortage of critical metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. The present study employs glycine, an environmentally friendly amino acid, as a leaching agent along with ascorbic acid, as a reducing agent, to recover valuable metals from spent LIB cathodes. The present study investigates the effect of time, temperature, pulp density, and reactant concentrations on the leaching process. Hydrothermal method integrated with machine learning (ML) approach reduced the number of experiments to reach the optimal leaching conditions. The study reports that at 2 mol/L glycine, 0.04 mol/L ascorbic acid, 75 °C temperature, 20 g/L pulp density, and 90 min reaction time, the leaching efficiency extends 91.0 %, 99.9 %, 92.3 % and 96.6 % of Ni, Mn, Co and Li, respectively. Additionally, glycine exhibits low leaching efficiency of Al, therefore, high purity aluminium can be recovered from the process.
{"title":"Enhancing the circular economy of lithium-ion batteries: a data-driven optimisation of leaching efficiency using kernel ridge regression","authors":"Monika Wilamowska-Zawłocka , Stefan Heinen , Muhammad Sadeghzadeh , Balanand Santhosh , Gifty Sara Rolly , Justyna Łuczak , Gurdial Blugan","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115286","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and the consequential accumulation of waste from these batteries necessitate its appropriate disposal and recycling. This is important in order to responsibly address the environmental concerns and the shortage of critical metals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, and manganese. The present study employs glycine, an environmentally friendly amino acid, as a leaching agent along with ascorbic acid, as a reducing agent, to recover valuable metals from spent LIB cathodes. The present study investigates the effect of time, temperature, pulp density, and reactant concentrations on the leaching process. Hydrothermal method integrated with machine learning (ML) approach reduced the number of experiments to reach the optimal leaching conditions. The study reports that at 2 mol/L glycine, 0.04 mol/L ascorbic acid, 75 °C temperature, 20 g/L pulp density, and 90 min reaction time, the leaching efficiency extends 91.0 %, 99.9 %, 92.3 % and 96.6 % of Ni, Mn, Co and Li, respectively. Additionally, glycine exhibits low leaching efficiency of Al, therefore, high purity aluminium can be recovered from the process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115286"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Effective valorization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is vital for sustainable development, yet current sorting methods remain labour-intensive and inefficient. Despite progress in computer vision, large vision foundation models (LVFMs) exhibit limitations in class-specific segmentation for dynamic waste streams, while their fine-tuning demands significant computational resources. Moreover, efficient annotation of diverse waste classes remains underdeveloped, necessitating a heavy reliance on resource-intensive manual annotation for all model development. To tackle this problem, this study proposes an innovative solution by enhancing LVFMs with spatially aware adapter architectures to enable precise class-specific segmentation and introducing a semi-automated annotation pipeline leveraging few-shot learning. Experiments on an extended dataset, including underrepresented classes like rubber and lights, reveal that our approach achieves an average Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.744 in fully supervised settings, surpassing baseline adapters by 4.5%. In few-shot scenarios, it attains an IoU of 0.770 for the unseen ‘lights’ class using only 20 training images. The annotation pipeline produces high-quality masks with an average IoU of 0.883, which is comparable to manual annotation performance but substantially less time-consuming. This study contributes to sustainable CDW valorization by introducing a scalable, resource-efficient framework that enhances class-specific segmentation and streamlines annotation, achieving high accuracy in both supervised and few-shot settings.
{"title":"Efficient segmentation and annotation of construction and demolition waste: spatially aware adapters in large vision foundation models","authors":"Birat Gautam , Saeed Reza Mohandes , Mehrdad Arashpour","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Effective valorization of construction and demolition waste (CDW) is vital for sustainable development, yet current sorting methods remain labour-intensive and inefficient. Despite progress in computer vision, large vision foundation models (LVFMs) exhibit limitations in class-specific segmentation for dynamic waste streams, while their fine-tuning demands significant computational resources. Moreover, efficient annotation of diverse waste classes remains underdeveloped, necessitating a heavy reliance on resource-intensive manual annotation for all model development. To tackle this problem, this study proposes an innovative solution by enhancing LVFMs with spatially aware adapter architectures to enable precise class-specific segmentation and introducing a semi-automated annotation pipeline leveraging few-shot learning. Experiments on an extended dataset, including underrepresented classes like rubber and lights, reveal that our approach achieves an average Intersection over Union (IoU) of 0.744 in fully supervised settings, surpassing baseline adapters by 4.5%. In few-shot scenarios, it attains an IoU of 0.770 for the unseen ‘lights’ class using only 20 training images. The annotation pipeline produces high-quality masks with an average IoU of 0.883, which is comparable to manual annotation performance but substantially less time-consuming. This study contributes to sustainable CDW valorization by introducing a scalable, resource-efficient framework that enhances class-specific segmentation and streamlines annotation, achieving high accuracy in both supervised and few-shot settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115276"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing quantity of flat panel displays (FPDs) on the market, combined with rising raw material demand, makes the sustainable management of resulting waste a hot topic. Despite of research often describes innovations in recycling, it often neglects the pre-treatment step. However, it represents a key aspect for the success of the further recovery of valuable fractions, since it affects the integrity of materials, the possible presence of impurities and hazardous substances, but also the sustainability of the whole recycling chain. In this regard, the present paper assesses the sustainability of two options implemented at real scale: a more traditional crushing (followed by magnetic separation) and an innovative solution which combines manual and robotic dismantling, resulting in the separation of high-quality fractions. The analysis, carried out by a life cycle approach, proves the high potential of the innovation from an environmental point of view with emission savings reaching up to 90% in key categories (e.g. climate change). The benefit, confirmed irrespective of the supplied energy mix and the classification of waste resulting from crushing (hazardous or not hazardous), is further highlighted by the possibility to separate high-value fractions, mainly printed circuit boards of three different qualities, based on their valuable metal content. The results represent an important driver towards the implementation of sustainable choices in the field of FPD recycling.
{"title":"Environmental sustainability assessment processes for flat panel displays dismantling","authors":"Alessandro Becci , Francesca Beolchini , Davide Labolani , Alessia Amato","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115284","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115284","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing quantity of flat panel displays (FPDs) on the market, combined with rising raw material demand, makes the sustainable management of resulting waste a hot topic. Despite of research often describes innovations in recycling, it often neglects the pre-treatment step. However, it represents a key aspect for the success of the further recovery of valuable fractions, since it affects the integrity of materials, the possible presence of impurities and hazardous substances, but also the sustainability of the whole recycling chain. In this regard, the present paper assesses the sustainability of two options implemented at real scale: a more traditional crushing (followed by magnetic separation) and an innovative solution which combines manual and robotic dismantling, resulting in the separation of high-quality fractions. The analysis, carried out by a life cycle approach, proves the high potential of the innovation from an environmental point of view with emission savings reaching up to 90% in key categories (e.g. climate change). The benefit, confirmed irrespective of the supplied energy mix and the classification of waste resulting from crushing (hazardous or not hazardous), is further highlighted by the possibility to separate high-value fractions, mainly printed circuit boards of three different qualities, based on their valuable metal content. The results represent an important driver towards the implementation of sustainable choices in the field of FPD recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115284"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115285
Caio Henrique Buranello dos Santos , Sandro Lemos Machado , Michael Andrade Maedo , Roger Augusto Rodrigues
The short- and long-term behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) in sanitary landfills is governed by coupled hydraulic, mechanical, thermal, and biochemical processes. Among these, settlement due to biodegradation and landfill gas (LFG) generation are critical for assessing structural stability, environmental safety, and energy recovery during both operation and post-closure. Following the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in 2020, this study systematically reviews numerical models implemented in computational frameworks to simulate settlement and/or gas generation in biodegrading MSW. A structured search in the Scopus database covered peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers published between 2000 and May 2025. The reviewed works address different combinations of coupled processes, mainly implemented using finite element or finite difference formulations. While one-dimensional domains remain common, nearly half of the studies employed two-dimensional models. First-order kinetics is the predominant approach for representing biodegradation and its coupling to volumetric strain and gas generation, although some models incorporate more detailed biochemical processes. Earlier approaches used the secondary compression index to capture long-term MSW settlement, whereas a few recent studies implemented physically based creep models. Waste heterogeneity and its time-dependent mechanical response have been considered in some studies, although temperature effects on waste properties remain rarely implemented in computational frameworks. This review highlights critical research gaps and emphasizes the need for unified numerical frameworks capable of integrating biodegradation, multiphysical coupling, temperature effects on MSW properties, large-strain kinematics, and parameter variability to realistically simulate the evolving behavior of MSW in landfills.
{"title":"Numerical modeling of settlement and gas generation in biodegrading municipal solid waste: a systematic review for sanitary landfill applications","authors":"Caio Henrique Buranello dos Santos , Sandro Lemos Machado , Michael Andrade Maedo , Roger Augusto Rodrigues","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The short- and long-term behavior of municipal solid waste (MSW) in sanitary landfills is governed by coupled hydraulic, mechanical, thermal, and biochemical processes. Among these, settlement due to biodegradation and landfill gas (LFG) generation are critical for assessing structural stability, environmental safety, and energy recovery during both operation and post-closure. Following the guidelines established by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) in 2020, this study systematically reviews numerical models implemented in computational frameworks to simulate settlement and/or gas generation in biodegrading MSW. A structured search in the Scopus database covered peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers published between 2000 and May 2025. The reviewed works address different combinations of coupled processes, mainly implemented using finite element or finite difference formulations. While one-dimensional domains remain common, nearly half of the studies employed two-dimensional models. First-order kinetics is the predominant approach for representing biodegradation and its coupling to volumetric strain and gas generation, although some models incorporate more detailed biochemical processes. Earlier approaches used the secondary compression index to capture long-term MSW settlement, whereas a few recent studies implemented physically based creep models. Waste heterogeneity and its time-dependent mechanical response have been considered in some studies, although temperature effects on waste properties remain rarely implemented in computational frameworks. This review highlights critical research gaps and emphasizes the need for unified numerical frameworks capable of integrating biodegradation, multiphysical coupling, temperature effects on MSW properties, large-strain kinematics, and parameter variability to realistically simulate the evolving behavior of MSW in landfills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115285"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145744881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115288
Patrick M. D’Aoust , Pawel J. Szulc , Dwight Houweling
This study evaluates a venturi-based hydrogen sulfide stripping system (HSSS) for landfill leachate pretreatment through field testing, SUMO modeling, and cost analysis. Over 18 months of operation, the system achieved an average sulfide removal of ∼ 60.1 %, reaching up to 79 % under favorable conditions. Operation also raised leachate pH due to CO2 stripping, altering sulfide speciation and underscoring the importance of efficient single-stage treatment. Statistical analysis identified strong positive correlation between influent sulfide and removal efficiency, negative correlations with sulfate and temperature, and rainfall-driven increases in BOD. The SUMO model significantly underestimated sulfide removal, while capturing the pH and alkalinity trends reasonably well, reflecting the complexity of leachate chemistry. Economically, the HSSS required only ∼$10,000 CAD in capital costs and minimal operational costs (<$200 CAD) annually to operate (∼$1.31 CAD / 1,000 m3), making it a highly cost-effective alternative to conventional abatement methods.
{"title":"Evaluating hydrogen sulfide removal from municipal landfill leachate using a venturi stripping system","authors":"Patrick M. D’Aoust , Pawel J. Szulc , Dwight Houweling","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115288","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115288","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates a venturi-based hydrogen sulfide stripping system (HSSS) for landfill leachate pretreatment through field testing, SUMO modeling, and cost analysis. Over 18 months of operation, the system achieved an average sulfide removal of ∼ 60.1 %, reaching up to 79 % under favorable conditions. Operation also raised leachate pH due to CO<sub>2</sub> stripping, altering sulfide speciation and underscoring the importance of efficient single-stage treatment. Statistical analysis identified strong positive correlation between influent sulfide and removal efficiency, negative correlations with sulfate and temperature, and rainfall-driven increases in BOD. The SUMO model significantly underestimated sulfide removal, while capturing the pH and alkalinity trends reasonably well, reflecting the complexity of leachate chemistry. Economically, the HSSS required only ∼$10,000 CAD in capital costs and minimal operational costs (<$200 CAD) annually to operate (∼$1.31 CAD / 1,000 m<sup>3</sup>), making it a highly cost-effective alternative to conventional abatement methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115288"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-11DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115287
Anas Jamil Abdulrahman , Marvin Kusenberg , Miloš Auersvald , César Pernalete Piña , Behzad Parvizi , Mohammadhossein Havaei , Joris W. Thybaut , Kevin M. Van Geem
The mounting crisis of plastic waste, coupled with the shortcomings of mechanical recycling, underscores the urgent need for scalable chemical recycling solutions. Among these, pyrolysis followed by steam cracking emerges as a promising pathway to transform polyolefin-rich waste into virgin-grade olefins. Yet, the complex nature of pyrolysis oils has hindered their industrial use. In this study, hydrotreatment was investigated as an upgrading strategy for distilled pyrolysis oils derived from real mixed plastic waste. Two diesel-range fractions of pyrolysis oil, raw and hydrotreated, were characterized using two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) and evaluated in a bench-scale steam cracker. Hydrotreatment provided significant compositional refinement, lowering nitrogen from 1546 mg·kg−1 to <10 mg·kg−1, reducing olefins from 51 wt% to 8 wt%, and eliminating detectable oxygen (1776 mg·kg−1 initially). These changes brought the product within industrial feedstock specifications. These improvements translated into enhanced cracking performance. The hydrotreated pyrolysis diesel blend achieved ethylene yields of up to 32 wt% at 880 °C, surpassing fossil naphtha while suppressing CO and aromatic by-products such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX). The results establish hydrotreatment as a critical enabler for converting waste-derived pyrolysis oils into cracker-ready feedstocks, supporting their integration into petrochemical infrastructure and advancing a circular economy for plastics.
{"title":"Advancing circular plastics: hydrotreatment of pyrolysis oils for high-yield ethylene production","authors":"Anas Jamil Abdulrahman , Marvin Kusenberg , Miloš Auersvald , César Pernalete Piña , Behzad Parvizi , Mohammadhossein Havaei , Joris W. Thybaut , Kevin M. Van Geem","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mounting crisis of plastic waste, coupled with the shortcomings of mechanical recycling, underscores the urgent need for scalable chemical recycling solutions. Among these, pyrolysis followed by steam cracking emerges as a promising pathway to transform polyolefin-rich waste into virgin-grade olefins. Yet, the complex nature of pyrolysis oils has hindered their industrial use. In this study, hydrotreatment was investigated as an upgrading strategy for distilled pyrolysis oils derived from real mixed plastic waste. Two diesel-range fractions of pyrolysis oil, raw and hydrotreated, were characterized using two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) and evaluated in a bench-scale steam cracker. Hydrotreatment provided significant compositional refinement, lowering nitrogen from 1546 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> to <10 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup>, reducing olefins from 51 wt% to 8 wt%, and eliminating detectable oxygen (1776 mg·kg<sup>−1</sup> initially). These changes brought the product within industrial feedstock specifications. These improvements translated into enhanced cracking performance. The hydrotreated pyrolysis diesel blend achieved ethylene yields of up to 32 wt% at 880 °C, surpassing fossil naphtha while suppressing CO and aromatic by-products such as benzene, toluene, and xylenes (BTX). The results establish hydrotreatment as a critical enabler for converting waste-derived pyrolysis oils into cracker-ready feedstocks, supporting their integration into petrochemical infrastructure and advancing a circular economy for plastics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115287"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-12-10DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115279
Zhipeng Wu , Guoyan Zhang , Shuaixin Tian , Liwen Wang , Yiwei Dong , Yaqi Li , Hongliang Wang
Gaseous emissions (i.e., CO2, CH4, NH3, N2O) pose significant environmental pollutions during manure storage. Plant-derived tannins exhibit properties conducive to microbial modulation through protein-binding and metabolic pathway inhibition, offering potential for mitigating these emissions. This study evaluated wood-derived tannic acids as sustainable microbial modulators for the synergistic mitigation of NH3 and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions during liquid chicken manure storage. Four treatments were established: CK (control, no additive), CT (0.5 % condensed tannin), HT (0.5 % hydrolyzable tannin), and MIX (0.25 % CT + 0.25 % HT mixture). Results demonstrated that total nitrogen content increased by 6.74 %, 10.11 %, and 17.89 %, and organic matter content increased by 8.61 %, −0.49 %, and 3.54 % in CT, HT, and MIX treatments, respectively, compared to CK. Tannins amendments enriched Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Synergistota, and Ascomycota, while suppressing Firmicutes and Basidiomycota. Compared to CK, CT HT, and MIX reduced NH3 emission by 12.94 %, 21.14 %, and 22.61 %, and mitigated 51.44 %, 4.07 %, and 31.09 % of CH4 emission, respectively. CO2 emissions were also significantly reduced by 32.43 %, 10.90 %, and 15.43 %, respectively. CH4 emissions were positively correlated with Basidiomycota, Rozellomycota, temperature, and pH, and negatively correlated with Aspergillus and Talaromyces. While NH3 emissions showed a positive correlation with Firmicutes and Bacteroidota, and a negative correlation with Corynebacterium. Overall, the application of wood-derived tannic acids, especially the mixed formulation, demonstrates significant potential for mitigating gaseous emissions and improving nutrient conservation during liquid chicken manure storage. These findings present wood-derived tannic acid as a promising, natural additive for sustainable manure management, capable of synergistically reducing multiple environmental pollutants.
{"title":"Regulating microbial dynamics by wood-derived tannic acids addition to mitigate gaseous emissions during liquid chicken manure storage","authors":"Zhipeng Wu , Guoyan Zhang , Shuaixin Tian , Liwen Wang , Yiwei Dong , Yaqi Li , Hongliang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115279","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115279","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Gaseous emissions (i.e., CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O) pose significant environmental pollutions during manure storage. Plant-derived tannins exhibit properties conducive to microbial modulation through protein-binding and metabolic pathway inhibition, offering potential for mitigating these emissions. This study evaluated wood-derived tannic acids as sustainable microbial modulators for the synergistic mitigation of NH<sub>3</sub> and greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions during liquid chicken manure storage. Four treatments were established: CK (control, no additive), CT (0.5 % condensed tannin), HT (0.5 % hydrolyzable tannin), and MIX (0.25 % CT + 0.25 % HT mixture). Results demonstrated that total nitrogen content increased by 6.74 %, 10.11 %, and 17.89 %, and organic matter content increased by 8.61 %, −0.49 %, and 3.54 % in CT, HT, and MIX treatments, respectively, compared to CK. Tannins amendments enriched <em>Proteobacteria</em>, <em>Actinobacteriota</em>, <em>Synergistota</em>, and <em>Ascomycota</em>, while suppressing <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Basidiomycota</em>. Compared to CK, CT HT, and MIX reduced NH<sub>3</sub> emission by 12.94 %, 21.14 %, and 22.61 %, and mitigated 51.44 %, 4.07 %, and 31.09 % of CH<sub>4</sub> emission, respectively. CO<sub>2</sub> emissions were also significantly reduced by 32.43 %, 10.90 %, and 15.43 %, respectively. CH<sub>4</sub> emissions were positively correlated with <em>Basidiomycota</em>, <em>Rozellomycota</em>, temperature, and pH, and negatively correlated with <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Talaromyces</em>. While NH<sub>3</sub> emissions showed a positive correlation with <em>Firmicutes</em> and <em>Bacteroidota</em>, and a negative correlation with <em>Corynebacterium</em>. Overall, the application of wood-derived tannic acids, especially the mixed formulation, demonstrates significant potential for mitigating gaseous emissions and improving nutrient conservation during liquid chicken manure storage. These findings present wood-derived tannic acid as a promising, natural additive for sustainable manure management, capable of synergistically reducing multiple environmental pollutants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115279"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}