Waste management最新文献_第10页

Efficient conversion of corn straw to feed protein through solid-state fermentation using a thermophilic microbial consortium

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.023

Simin Wang , Zhi Wang , Nan Wang , Shilei Wang , Shan Zeng , Zhengzhong Xu , Dong Liu , Xiaoling Zhao , Fan Liu , Jingliang Xu , Yafan Cai , Hanjie Ying

Solid-state fermentation of lignocellulosic waste to produce feed protein is a means of realising solid waste. However, low efficiency and susceptibility to microbial contamination remain significant challenges in feed protein production through room-temperature solid-state fermentation. In this study, thermophilic microbiomes were enriched. After adaptive and nitrogen acclimation, microbiomes with the combined functions of ‘thermophilic-rapid decomposition-nitrogen conversion’ were obtained and used for feed protein production. High-throughput sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes metabolic pathway prediction techniques were used to assess the mechanisms underlying microbial involvement in substance conversion. The results showed that the microbiomes decomposed 78.21 %–81.73 % of straw within 7 days. After nitrogen acclimation, the nitrogen utilisation rate and the true protein content of the microbiomes improved by 19.22 %–26.96 % and 56.14 %–71.99 %, respectively. Fed-batch enzymatic saccharification and fermentation reduced the fermentation time by 28.5 %. Domesticated microbiomes increased the abundance of bacteria and fungi in the fermentation system, enhancing carbon metabolism and the urea cycle. This study presents a novel approach for the high-value utilisation of lignocellulose waste.

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引用次数: 0

Insight into nitrogen transformation during the binary NaOH-Na2CO3 molten salt thermal treatment of waste tires

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.025

Qiang Gao , Hongyun Hu , Chan Zou , Yang Hu , Huan Liu , Xian Li , Hong Yao

Molten salt thermal treatment of solid waste is a promising way for energy recovery and pollutant removal. However, the migration of nitrogen during pyrolysis of waste tires poses a challenge for cleaner production. This study investigated nitrogen conversion pathways during waste tires pyrolysis using a binary NaOH-Na₂CO₃ salt at 425, 500, and 575 °C. The results demonstrated that amine-N and pyrrole-N were the main N-containing species in waste tires. Compared to conventional pyrolysis, the molten salt enhanced the deamination of the amine-N while increasing levels of NH₃ and aniline. Owing to the catalytic benefits of molten salt, the C-N bond cleavage of amine-N was initiated by electron transfer involving the combination of NH₂-Phenyl structures with Na⁺. The hydrocracking of Phenyl-NH-Phenyl in amine-N was facilitated by the available H radicals (or H₂). Furthermore, molten salt obstructed the contact of C(N) sites on the char surface, causing the suppression of HCN production. The SH radicals might be consumed by OH^– ions, which disabled the formation path of benzothiazole from aniline and SH radicals. Comparatively, pyrrole-N showed limited reactivity and remained in char. This work contributes to nitrogen regulation during the molten salt treatment of solid waste.

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引用次数: 0

High voltage selective fragmentation on Swedish mineral fraction of incineration bottom ash (MIBA) – An exploratory study on metal and material recovery

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.015

Lisa Dacklin , Christina Lee , Karin Karlfeldt Fedje , Alexander Weh , Andreas Glauser , Raul Grönholm , Fredrik Björckebaum , Magnus Evertsson

Waste-to-Energy (WtE) generates circa 1 Mt/y of Mineral fraction of Incineration Bottom Ash (MIBA) in Sweden, often used as construction material for landfills. Upcoming European Commission directives will limit landfilling and the demand for MIBA for landfill construction is predicted to decrease. Therefore, alternative utilisations of MIBA are required.

High Voltage Selective Fragmentation (HVSF) has been utilised in Switzerland to improve recovery from WtE bottom ash, yielding fractions of higher homogeneity: metals, minerals, iron oxide (FeO), and a sorting residue. Samples from two Swedish WtE plants were treated to test the effectiveness of HVSF on Swedish MIBA.

Applying HVSF to MIBA resulted in additional metal extraction of 2.2% and 1.2% for each sample, consisting of 1.2% and 0.6% ferrous metals and 1.0% and 0.6% non-ferrous metals, respectively. The minerals, FeO, and sorting residue were analysed for total elemental content and leaching. Potential utilisation in the clinker and brick industry is identified for FeO, while the mineral fraction exceeded guideline values for unlimited use in Sweden. The results indicate more research is required on how value recovery of MIBA can be increased to better align with circular principles, particularly concerning the chemical properties of the recovered fractions and appropriate legislation for use.

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引用次数: 0

A solvent-targeted recovery and precipitation scheme for the recycling of up to ten polymers from post-industrial mixed plastic waste

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.022

Kevin L. Sánchez-Rivera , Panzheng Zhou , Elizaveta Radkevich , Anisha Sharma , Ezra Bar-Ziv , Reid C. Van Lehn , George W. Huber

Solvent-Targeted Recovery and Precipitation (STRAP^TM) separates polymers within a plastic waste stream by selective dissolution. In this work, the STRAP framework, which combines computational modeling and experiments, was applied to develop a series of steps to separate up to 10 polymers from post-industrial mixed plastic waste (MPW) and the main components recovered were LDPE, HDPE, and PET. The STRAP steps were initially demonstrated with a physical polymer mixture containing LDPE, HDPE, PS, PVC, EVOH, PET, PP, PA6, PA66, and PA66/6, in which recoveries of 89% or higher were achieved for each polymer. This paper demonstrates a solvent selection approach that can be applied to separate unknown plastics materials into purer components.

引用次数: 0

Design of experiments method into upgrading pyrolytic oil for sustainable aviation fuel additives by hydrotreating and hydrocracking 采用加氢处理和加氢裂化技术改造航空燃料添加剂用热解油的试验方法设计。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.012

Marcin Sajdak , Artur J. Majewski , Szymon Sobek , Grzegorz Gałko , Miloud Ouadi

Recycling waste to produce liquid fuels for the automotive and aviation industries is a major global concern, especially in light of the ongoing energy crisis. Because waste is used in thermal conversion processes, the resulting liquid products often require additional processing to reduce their density and viscosity, and to remove oxygenated compounds or pollutants that hinder further utilization. Catalytic hydrogenolytic reactions such as hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) and hydrocracking (HC) have been extensively applied to upgrade pyrolysis oils. Selecting the appropriate catalyst and optimizing the process operating conditions are crucial for yielding high-quality fuel. Design of experiments (DOE) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) can identify the primary factors of the process and their possible interactions. This research focuses on the conversion of pyrolysis oil derived from car tires into jet fuel and aims to determine the optimal HDO and HC conditions to maximize the concentration of the kerosene fraction. Hydrodeoxygenation and hydrocracking reactions using NiMo/γ-Al₂O₃ catalysts are examined under varying temperature, pressure, and time conditions. The compositions of the raw tire pyrolysis oil (TPO) are mainly characterized by heteroatom content, aromatic compounds, olefins and acetylenes, alkanes, and cycloalkanes, which play key roles during HDO and HC procedures. Subsequently, the distillation and separation of the fuel fractions are carried out to determine the quality of the product.

回收废物为汽车和航空工业生产液体燃料是全球关注的一个主要问题，特别是在当前能源危机的背景下。由于废物用于热转化过程，因此产生的液体产品通常需要额外的处理，以降低其密度和粘度，并去除阻碍进一步利用的含氧化合物或污染物。加氢脱氧（HDO）和加氢裂化（HC）等催化氢解反应已广泛应用于热解油的改造。选择合适的催化剂和优化工艺操作条件是生产高质量燃料的关键。实验设计（DOE）和方差分析（ANOVA）可以识别过程的主要因素及其可能的相互作用。本研究以汽车轮胎裂解油转化为航空燃油为研究对象，旨在确定最佳的HDO和HC条件，使煤油馏分的浓度最大化。在不同的温度、压力和时间条件下，研究了NiMo/γ-Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱氧和加氢裂化反应。轮胎热解油的主要组成是杂原子含量、芳香族化合物、烯烃和乙炔、烷烃和环烷烃，它们在HDO和HC过程中起着关键作用。随后，对燃料馏分进行蒸馏和分离，以确定产品的质量。

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引用次数: 0

Vanadium recovery from oil sands petcoke fly ash: A comprehensive techno-economic assessment 从油砂、石油焦粉煤灰中回收钒的综合技术经济评价。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.018

M. Baritto, A.O. Oni, A. Kumar

Bitumen-derived petcoke contains significant quantities of vanadium, recoverable from the fly ash formed during combustion. Despite efforts to process vanadium recovery from petcoke, detailed cost information, critical for stakeholders and decision-makers, remains absent in the public domain. To address this gap, we developed data-intensive techno-economic models specifically for vanadium recovery from petcoke fly ash. The considered route involves roasting with NaCl, followed by water-leaching and vanadium precipitation. Through process modeling, we performed material and energy balances, sized equipment, assessed capital and operating costs, and determined the vanadium cost. For instance, a plant processing 16,000 tonnes of fly ash annually recovers 404 tonnes of vanadium pentoxide at $18.77/kg V₂O₅. Operating expenses constitute 88% of the total recovery cost, dominated by labor, gas cleaning, solid waste disposal, feedstock, and consumables. The developed scale factors reveal that production costs vary with plant size; currently, the cost exceeds market prices, but profitability could be achieved with a threefold increase in capacity. Uncertainty analysis indicates a vanadium cost ranging from $16.88 to $25.80 per kg V₂O₅, with a mean of $21.15/kg V₂O₅. Key cost drivers include carbon removal from off-gases, the on-stream factor, and solid waste management. Strategies such as alternative means of fly ash decarbonization and the use of leaching solid cake in commercial applications could significantly reduce production costs.

沥青衍生的石油焦含有大量的钒，可以从燃烧过程中形成的飞灰中回收。尽管人们努力从石油焦中回收钒，但对利益相关者和决策者至关重要的详细成本信息仍未公开。为了解决这一差距，我们开发了专门用于从石油焦粉煤灰中回收钒的数据密集型技术经济模型。考虑的路线包括NaCl焙烧，然后是水浸和钒沉淀。通过过程建模，我们进行了材料和能量平衡，确定了设备尺寸，评估了资本和运营成本，并确定了钒成本。例如，一家每年处理16000吨粉煤灰的工厂以18.77美元/公斤V2O5的价格回收了404吨五氧化钒。运营费用占回收总成本的88%，主要由人工、气体清洗、固废处理、原料和耗材等组成。规模因子的发展表明，生产成本随工厂规模的变化而变化；目前，成本超过了市场价格，但如果将产能增加三倍，就可以实现盈利。不确定性分析表明，每公斤V2O5的钒成本在16.88美元至25.80美元之间，平均为21.15美元/公斤V2O5。主要的成本驱动因素包括废气中的碳去除、流上因素和固体废物管理。诸如粉煤灰脱碳的替代方法和在商业应用中使用浸出固体饼等策略可以大大降低生产成本。

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引用次数: 0

From waste to Innovation: Silver-Doped silicate ink coating from waste coal fly ash for hydrophobic antimicrobial fabric and Water-Oil separation 从废物到创新：废煤粉煤灰掺杂银硅酸盐油墨涂料用于疏水抗菌织物和水油分离。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.021

Zawar Hussain , Adil Saleem , Lizhen Gao

Coal fly ash, a waste byproduct of coal-fired power plants rich in silica, is produced in vast quantities, exceeding 750 million tons annually. This abundance underscores the importance of finding sustainable and value-added applications for its reuse. Silver nanoparticle–silica composites represent a class of inorganically hybrid antimicrobial agents as the protection layer of cotton fabrics. However, prior work has seldom involved in the recycling of waste silica sources or in situ incorporation of well-defined and hierarchical Ag nanostructure. In this study, a new type of hydrophobic and antimicrobial fabric layer composed of silver-doped silicate nanomembrane was fabricated with the extraction of silica particles from waste coal fly ash by physicochemical and hydrothermal method for dual applications in personal protection and oil–water separation. The results from detailed material synthesis, soft flakes of silica extraction and formation of silver nanoparticle-based silicate revealed correlations between SiO₂ and Ag having featured surface morphology and antimicrobial activity without any toxic effect to cells with polydimethoxysilane coatings. The developed fabric shows the satisfactory antimicrobial property increased up to 100% and oil–water separation performance was increased more than 90%, excellent selectivity, reversibility, reusability and stability. The compiled results have great implications for the management of solid waste like coal fly ash to biomedical and textile industry toward the production of personal protective equipment and high-performance nanomembrane for the treatment of contaminated water with oil.

煤飞灰是燃煤电厂富含二氧化硅的废弃副产品，产量巨大，每年超过7.5亿吨。这种丰富强调了为其重用寻找可持续和增值应用程序的重要性。纳米银-二氧化硅复合材料作为棉织物的保护层，是一类无机杂化抗菌剂。然而，先前的工作很少涉及废弃二氧化硅源的回收或明确定义的分层银纳米结构的原位掺入。本研究利用物理化学和水热法从废煤飞灰中提取二氧化硅颗粒，制备了一种新型的由掺银硅酸盐纳米膜组成的疏水抗菌织物层，用于个人防护和油水分离。详细的材料合成、软硅片的提取和银纳米颗粒基硅酸盐的形成结果表明，SiO2和Ag之间的相关性具有独特的表面形态和抗菌活性，并且对聚二甲氧基硅烷涂层的细胞没有任何毒性作用。该织物抗菌性能提高100%，油水分离性能提高90%以上，具有良好的选择性、可逆性、可重复使用性和稳定性。研究结果对生物医药和纺织行业的粉煤灰等固体废物管理、个人防护装备的生产和处理含油污水的高性能纳米膜具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Effective denitrification from landfill leachate using magnetic PVA/CMC/DE carrier immobilized microorganisms 磁性PVA/CMC/DE载体固定化微生物对垃圾渗滤液的有效反硝化作用。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.020

Yunshuang Hu , Yufei Gu , Jiahui Tan , Chong Ding , Xinyi Yu , Zhixia Li , Hongfei Lin

Ammonia nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) discharge has caused eutrophication of water bodies and harm to humans and organisms. In this work, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), diatomite (DE), and Fe₃O₄ were used to prepare magnetic immobilized carriers by encapsulating microorganisms for the treatment of NH₄⁺-N wastewater. The response surface methodology was used to explore the optimal ratio of the immobilized carriers. The obtained optimal raw material ratio was 99.10 %. The obtained carriers are spherical (4–5 mm in diameter) with a rich honeycombed pore structure. The magnetic carrier improves the ammonia oxidation activity, and the carrier achieved 99.0 % of NH₄⁺-N and 86.7 % of total nitrogen (TN) removal rates from the simulated wastewater (NH₄⁺-N concentration: 300 mg/L) through nitrification and denitrification under aerobic conditions. Upon applied for a 60 days’ treatment of landfill leachate (NH₄⁺-N concentration of 300 mg/L), the daily removal rates for NH₄⁺-N and TN reached 93.7 % and 78.3 %, respectively. The analysis of the microbial community showed that the abundances of heterotrophic nitrifying-aerobic denitrifying bacteria including Enterobacter, Pseudomonas, and Bacillus increased with prolonging treatment days, which accelerated nitrification and denitrification, consequently promoting the nitrogen removal effect.

氨氮（NH4+-N）排放造成水体富营养化，对人体和生物造成危害。以聚乙烯醇（PVA）、羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）、硅藻土（DE）和Fe3O4为材料，包封微生物制备了磁性固定化载体，用于氨氮废水的处理。采用响应面法探讨固定化载体的最佳配比。所得最佳原料配比为99.10%。所得载体为球形（直径4-5 mm），具有丰富的蜂窝状孔结构。磁性载体提高了氨氧化活性，载体在好氧条件下对模拟废水（NH4+-N浓度为300 mg/L）进行硝化和反硝化，NH4+-N去除率达到99.0%，总氮去除率达到86.7%。对垃圾渗滤液（NH4+-N浓度为300 mg/L）进行60天的处理后，对NH4+-N和TN的日去除率分别达到93.7%和78.3%。微生物群落分析表明，随着处理天数的延长，肠杆菌、假单胞菌和芽孢杆菌等异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的丰度增加，加速了硝化和反硝化作用，从而促进了脱氮效果。

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引用次数: 0

Microbial safety of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) reared on food waste streams 食物废物流饲养黑兵蝇幼虫的微生物安全性。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.019

Shanmugam Alagappan , Anran Dong , Louwrens Hoffman , Daniel Cozzolino , Sandra Olarte Mantilla , Peter James , Olympia Yarger , Deirdre Mikkelsen

Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) can valorise different organic matter and yield a product of high nutritional value. The lack of knowledge about the microbial safety of BSFL grown on different organic waste streams influences the commercialisation of BSFL as stockfeed ingredient. This study evaluates the microbial safety of BSFL grown on five different commercial food waste streams collected from two commercial production facilities. The effect of larval instar and post-harvest treatments (blanching and drying) on the microbial quality of the larvae was also investigated. The results of this study showed that spore forming bacteria including B. cereus and C. perfringens appeared in higher concentration (1.3 log CFU/g − 6.6 log CFU/g) compared to yeast and moulds (1.3 log CFU/g − 4.4 log CFU/g) depending on the waste utilised. The microbial counts for the different pathogens that tested positive were higher for larvae reared with simpler homogenous waste streams (SW and BV diets). The results also showed that blanching reduced the counts of Y&M and C. perfringens compared to those observed in the unprocessed larvae. The thermal processing methods could ensure that BSFL met the microbial safety criteria determined for animal feeds by regulatory bodies. Overall, the results of this study revealed that BSFL reared on commercial waste streams can be safe against several pathogenic microbes including Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The 6th instar larvae (pre-pupae) have lower microbial counts than the 5th instar BSFL, attributed to the antimicrobial effect of some fatty acids present in the larvae. The outcomes of this study will assist in the development of guidelines for good manufacturing practices for commercial BSFL manufacturers, thereby promoting the quality and commercialisation of the product.

黑兵蝇幼虫（BSFL）能使不同的有机物增值，并产生高营养价值的产品。由于缺乏对不同有机废物流中生长的BSFL微生物安全性的认识，影响了BSFL作为饲料原料的商业化。本研究评估了从两个商业生产设施收集的五种不同的商业食物垃圾流中生长的BSFL的微生物安全性。研究了不同龄期和采收后处理（焯水和干燥）对幼虫微生物品质的影响。本研究结果表明，与酵母和霉菌（1.3 log CFU/g - 4.4 log CFU/g）相比，蜡样芽孢杆菌和产气荚膜芽孢杆菌等产孢细菌的浓度（1.3 log CFU/g - 6.6 log CFU/g）更高，具体取决于所利用的废物。用更简单的同质废物流（SW和BV饲料）饲养的幼虫对不同病原体的微生物计数检测呈阳性。结果还表明，与未处理的幼虫相比，焯水可减少Y&M和产气荚膜梭菌的数量。热处理方法可以确保BSFL符合监管机构确定的动物饲料微生物安全标准。总体而言，本研究结果表明，在商业废物流中饲养的BSFL可以安全对抗几种病原微生物，包括单核细胞增生李斯特菌、沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌。6龄幼虫（预蛹）的微生物数量低于5龄BSFL，这是由于幼虫中存在的一些脂肪酸具有抗菌作用。这项研究的结果将有助于商业BSFL制造商制定良好生产规范的指导方针，从而提高产品的质量和商业化。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative analysis of three methods for estimating the compositions of construction waste 三种估算建筑垃圾成分方法的比较分析。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.01.009

Yiman Jiang , Ruoxin Wang , Dongxing Xuan , Chi Fai Cheung , Chi Sun Poon

Determination of the relative compositions of the mixed construction waste is crucial and an important step to enhance resource management. This information influences the design of construction waste recycling and sorting facilities, and aids in formulating effective management strategies for recycled and sorted waste products. However, different methods for waste sorting and composition recognition possess distinct characteristics and only apply to specific practical scenarios. In this study, three methods are compared: (i) manual sorting as a reference method, (ii) a manual image recognition method using infrared thermal imaging, and (iii) a deep learning-based image recognition method based on the SegFormer semantic segmentation model. The comparison focuses on accuracy, preferences, prerequisites, socio-environmental impacts, costs, and improvement potential. Results show that both manual and deep learning-based image recognition methods yield comparable accuracy to manual sorting for inert waste, with the absolute relative errors not exceeding 5.14%, but relatively higher recognition errors for non-inert waste. Overall, manual sorting remains the most cost-effective and fastest method, despite its high labor demand, spatial constraints, environmental impacts, and limited improvement potential. In comparison, manual image recognition requires approximately 9.24 times the processing time and 2.33 times the cost of manual sorting, while deep learning-based image recognition incurs about 9.90 times the time and 2.49 times the cost. Nevertheless, both image recognition methods offer potential environmental benefits and long-term efficiency gains.

确定混合建筑垃圾的相对成分是加强资源管理的重要步骤。这些资料会影响建筑废物回收及分类设施的设计，并有助制订有效的废物回收及分类管理策略。然而，不同的垃圾分类和成分识别方法具有不同的特点，只适用于特定的实际场景。在本研究中，比较了三种方法：(i)人工分类作为参考方法，（ii）使用红外热成像的人工图像识别方法，（iii）基于SegFormer语义分割模型的基于深度学习的图像识别方法。比较的重点是准确性、偏好、先决条件、社会环境影响、成本和改进潜力。结果表明，人工和基于深度学习的图像识别方法对惰性废物的分类精度与人工分类相当，相对误差低于5.2%，但对非惰性废物的识别误差相对较高。总的来说，人工分拣仍然是最具成本效益和最快的方法，尽管它的高劳动力需求，空间限制，环境影响和有限的改进潜力。相比之下，人工图像识别的处理时间约为人工分类的9.2倍，成本约为人工分类的2.3倍，而基于深度学习的图像识别的处理时间约为人工分类的9.9倍，成本约为人工分类的2.5倍。然而，这两种图像识别方法都提供了潜在的环境效益和长期的效率提升。

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引用次数: 0