Waste management最新文献_第10页

Microwave-enhanced carbothermal reduction for efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries 微波增强型碳热还原从废锂离子电池中有效回收有价金属。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115295

Gui-Rong Zhang , Da-Shuai Li , Xing-Yu Huang , Yuan-Long Liu , Yan-Qing Cheng , Ling Tong

In conventional recycling processes for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the black mass (BM) of spent LIBs is typically subjected to high-temperature treatment, followed by leaching of valuable metals using strong acids or alkalis. However, these processes are energy-intensive, environmentally detrimental, and costly. Herein, we proposed a microwave-enhanced carbothermal reduction (MECTR) method characterized by a rapid heating rate and high heating efficiency. Under microwave irradiation at approximately 20 W, the temperature of the BM was elevated to 545 °C, and LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811) was completely decomposed within 10 min. Subsequently, lithium was selectively extracted via simple water leaching at room temperature, achieving a leaching efficiency of 96.07 %. Nickel, cobalt, and manganese were effectively leached using a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution at 60 °C, with leaching efficiencies of 98.01 %, 98.53 %, and 99.50 %, respectively. In addition, the particle morphology and elemental distribution of the BM before and after microwave heating and water leaching were investigated using SEM-EDS, and the formation and leaching behavior of lithium carbonate were analyzed. This strategy, with significant advantages in terms of recovery efficiency, processing time, and energy consumption, provides a promising and sustainable alternative for the recycling of spent LIBs.

在废锂离子电池（lib）的传统回收过程中，废锂离子电池的黑色物质（BM）通常经过高温处理，然后使用强酸或强碱浸出有价值的金属。然而，这些过程是能源密集型的，对环境有害，而且成本高昂。本文提出了一种加热速度快、加热效率高的微波增强碳热还原（MECTR）方法。在大约20 W的微波照射下，BM的温度升高到545℃，LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 （NCM811）在10 min内完全分解。随后，采用室温简单水浸法选择性提取锂，浸出率为96.07%。采用0.5 M硫酸溶液在60℃条件下有效浸出镍、钴和锰，浸出效率分别为98.01%、98.53%和99.50%。此外，利用SEM-EDS研究了微波加热和水浸前后BM的颗粒形态和元素分布，并分析了碳酸锂的形成和浸出行为。该策略在回收效率、处理时间和能源消耗方面具有显著优势，为废lib的回收提供了一种有前途的可持续替代方案。

{"title":"Microwave-enhanced carbothermal reduction for efficient recovery of valuable metals from spent lithium-ion batteries","authors":"Gui-Rong Zhang , Da-Shuai Li , Xing-Yu Huang , Yuan-Long Liu , Yan-Qing Cheng , Ling Tong","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In conventional recycling processes for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the black mass (BM) of spent LIBs is typically subjected to high-temperature treatment, followed by leaching of valuable metals using strong acids or alkalis. However, these processes are energy-intensive, environmentally detrimental, and costly. Herein, we proposed a microwave-enhanced carbothermal reduction (MECTR) method characterized by a rapid heating rate and high heating efficiency. Under microwave irradiation at approximately 20 W, the temperature of the BM was elevated to 545 °C, and LiNi<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.1</sub>Mn<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM811) was completely decomposed within 10 min. Subsequently, lithium was selectively extracted via simple water leaching at room temperature, achieving a leaching efficiency of 96.07 %. Nickel, cobalt, and manganese were effectively leached using a 0.5 M sulfuric acid solution at 60 °C, with leaching efficiencies of 98.01 %, 98.53 %, and 99.50 %, respectively. In addition, the particle morphology and elemental distribution of the BM before and after microwave heating and water leaching were investigated using SEM-EDS, and the formation and leaching behavior of lithium carbonate were analyzed. This strategy, with significant advantages in terms of recovery efficiency, processing time, and energy consumption, provides a promising and sustainable alternative for the recycling of spent LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115295"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145820928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A waste-free segmented roasting strategy for sustainable recovery of critical metals from spent Indium-Gallium-Zinc oxide 从废铟镓锌氧化物中可持续回收关键金属的无废分段焙烧策略。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115304

Xuan He , Baozhong Ma , Yubo Liu , Xiang Li , Zhihe Cao , Hui Yang , Chengyan Wang

The growing volume of spent Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide (IGZO) from optoelectronic waste presents both a resource opportunity and an environmental challenge due to the acidic effluent generated by conventional recycling. This study introduces a waste-free segmented roasting strategy to sustainably recover critical metals (In, Ga, Zn) while minimizing secondary pollution. The reduction mechanism reveals that IGZO decomposes at 1000 °C into ZnGa₂O₄, In₂O₃, and volatile Zn. Subsequent acid leaching recovers In, while a second roast at 1100 °C decomposes ZnGa₂O₄ to recover Zn and enrich Ga₂O₃ in the residue. This approach reduces acid and water consumption by > 95 %, virtually eliminating acidic wastewater. The process achieves high recovery rates (∼97 % Zn, ∼93 % In, >98 % Ga) and enables CO off-gas capture, offering an efficient and eco-friendly alternative to hydrometallurgical routes for IGZO recycling.

光电子废弃物中产生的氧化铟镓锌（IGZO）废料的数量不断增加，这既是一种资源机遇，也是一种环境挑战，因为传统回收会产生酸性废水。本研究介绍了一种无废分段焙烧策略，以可持续地回收关键金属（In, Ga, Zn），同时最大限度地减少二次污染。还原机理表明，IGZO在1000℃时分解为ZnGa2O4、In2O3和挥发性Zn。后续酸浸回收铟，1100℃二次焙烧分解ZnGa2O4，回收锌，富集渣中的Ga2O3。这种方法减少了95%的酸和水的消耗，几乎消除了酸性废水。该工艺实现了高回收率（~ 97% Zn, ~ 93% In, > 98% Ga），并实现了CO废气捕获，为IGZO回收提供了一种高效且环保的替代方法。

{"title":"A waste-free segmented roasting strategy for sustainable recovery of critical metals from spent Indium-Gallium-Zinc oxide","authors":"Xuan He , Baozhong Ma , Yubo Liu , Xiang Li , Zhihe Cao , Hui Yang , Chengyan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115304","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115304","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing volume of spent Indium-Gallium-Zinc Oxide (IGZO) from optoelectronic waste presents both a resource opportunity and an environmental challenge due to the acidic effluent generated by conventional recycling. This study introduces a waste-free segmented roasting strategy to sustainably recover critical metals (In, Ga, Zn) while minimizing secondary pollution. The reduction mechanism reveals that IGZO decomposes at 1000 °C into ZnGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and volatile Zn. Subsequent acid leaching recovers In, while a second roast at 1100 °C decomposes ZnGa<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> to recover Zn and enrich Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the residue. This approach reduces acid and water consumption by > 95 %, virtually eliminating acidic wastewater. The process achieves high recovery rates (∼97 % Zn, ∼93 % In, >98 % Ga) and enables CO off-gas capture, offering an efficient and eco-friendly alternative to hydrometallurgical routes for IGZO recycling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115304"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145820971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Waste-to-energy: Kinetic and carbonation-decarbonation studies of solar calcined eggshells and their application as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of brewer’s spent grain 废物转化能源：太阳能焙烧蛋壳的动力学和碳化脱碳研究及其在啤酒废粮热解中的催化应用。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115301

Grazielle Emanuella de Souza dos Santos, Cassiano Cunha Oliveira, Dayana D’Arc de Fátima Palhares, Marcos Antonio de Souza Barrozo, Luiz Gustavo Martins Vieira, Carla Eponina Hori

Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was subjected to pyrolysis using calcium oxide (CaO) derived from eggshells calcined via concentrated solar energy (Fresnel lens), offering an environmentally benign and low-carbon route for catalyst synthesis. A kinetic study using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods determined the activation energy ranging from 284 kJ/mol for BSG to 176 kJ/mol for BSG/EG, indicating that CaO reduces the energy barrier for thermal decomposition. CO₂ capture performance of calcined eggshells was evaluated through multiple carbonation-regeneration cycles, showing reduced sorption capacity, mainly due to the sintering effect, yet maintaining acceptable cyclic stability for reuse. Despite having lower efficiency than commercial CaO, eggshell-derived material represents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for CO₂ mitigation and catalytic applications. Central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the influence of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst loading on vapor composition. Highest hydrocarbon yields (∼50 %) were obtained at temperatures of 750 and 791 °C, using catalyst mass fractions of 74 % and 50 %, respectively. Lower relative yields occurred at 501 °C or the lowest catalyst loading amount (16 %). Catalytic tests at 550 °C produced similar hydrocarbon profiles to non-catalytic tests at 750 °C, indicating that the catalyst reduced the activation energy of the reaction. Increasing temperature and catalyst loading promoted deoxygenation, reducing multi-oxygenated compounds and enriching mono-oxygenated species, upgrading vapor quality. Overall, integrating solar-driven calcination with catalytic pyrolysis establishes a closed-loop waste-to-energy route that converts BSG into hydrocarbon-rich products while recycling eggshell waste into multifunctional CaO, advancing the circular economy and sustainable energy generation.

利用聚光太阳能（菲涅尔透镜）煅烧蛋壳提取的氧化钙（CaO）对Brewer’s spent grain （BSG）进行热解，为催化剂合成提供了一种环保和低碳的途径。采用Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose （KAS）和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa （FWO）方法进行动力学研究，确定了BSG的活化能在284 kJ/mol至176 kJ/mol之间，表明CaO降低了热分解的能垒。通过多次碳化-再生循环对煅烧蛋壳的CO2捕获性能进行了评估，结果显示，主要由于烧结效应，吸附能力降低，但仍保持可接受的循环稳定性，可以重复使用。尽管蛋壳衍生材料的效率低于商用CaO，但它代表了一种可持续的、具有成本效益的二氧化碳减排和催化应用战略。采用中心复合设计（CCD）评价热解温度和催化剂负载对汽相组成的影响。在750°C和791°C的温度下，催化剂质量分数分别为74%和50%，获得了最高的碳氢化合物收率（~ 50%）。在501°C或最低催化剂负载量（16%）时，相对产率较低。在550°C下进行的催化试验与在750°C下进行的非催化试验产生的碳氢化合物剖面相似，表明催化剂降低了反应的活化能。提高温度和催化剂负载促进了脱氧，减少了多氧化合物，丰富了单氧物质，改善了蒸汽质量。总的来说，将太阳能驱动煅烧与催化热解相结合，建立了一条将BSG转化为富含碳氢化合物的产品，同时将蛋壳废弃物转化为多功能CaO的闭环废物转化能源路线，促进了循环经济和可持续能源的产生。

{"title":"Waste-to-energy: Kinetic and carbonation-decarbonation studies of solar calcined eggshells and their application as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of brewer’s spent grain","authors":"Grazielle Emanuella de Souza dos Santos, Cassiano Cunha Oliveira, Dayana D’Arc de Fátima Palhares, Marcos Antonio de Souza Barrozo, Luiz Gustavo Martins Vieira, Carla Eponina Hori","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115301","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115301","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) was subjected to pyrolysis using calcium oxide (CaO) derived from eggshells calcined via concentrated solar energy (Fresnel lens), offering an environmentally benign and low-carbon route for catalyst synthesis. A kinetic study using the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) and Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) methods determined the activation energy ranging from 284 kJ/mol for BSG to 176 kJ/mol for BSG/EG, indicating that CaO reduces the energy barrier for thermal decomposition. CO<sub>2</sub> capture performance of calcined eggshells was evaluated through multiple carbonation-regeneration cycles, showing reduced sorption capacity, mainly due to the sintering effect, yet maintaining acceptable cyclic stability for reuse. Despite having lower efficiency than commercial CaO, eggshell-derived material represents a sustainable and cost-effective strategy for CO<sub>2</sub> mitigation and catalytic applications. Central composite design (CCD) was used to evaluate the influence of pyrolysis temperature and catalyst loading on vapor composition. Highest hydrocarbon yields (∼50 %) were obtained at temperatures of 750 and 791 °C, using catalyst mass fractions of 74 % and 50 %, respectively. Lower relative yields occurred at 501 °C or the lowest catalyst loading amount (16 %). Catalytic tests at 550 °C produced similar hydrocarbon profiles to non-catalytic tests at 750 °C, indicating that the catalyst reduced the activation energy of the reaction. Increasing temperature and catalyst loading promoted deoxygenation, reducing multi-oxygenated compounds and enriching mono-oxygenated species, upgrading vapor quality. Overall, integrating solar-driven calcination with catalytic pyrolysis establishes a closed-loop waste-to-energy route that converts BSG into hydrocarbon-rich products while recycling eggshell waste into multifunctional CaO, advancing the circular economy and sustainable energy generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115301"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145820926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modified red mud catalysts for enhanced bio-crude yield and metal retention in hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood 改性赤泥催化剂对提高橡树木水热液化生物原油收率和金属保留率的影响。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115300

Seyedmohammad Mousavi, Martina Damizia, Maria Paola Bracciale, Roya Hamidi, Sogand Musivand, Paolo De Filippis, Benedetta de Caprariis

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising route for biofuel production, but the resulting bio-crude suffers from low quality, high metal content, and poor stability. This study explores the use of red mud (RM), a metal oxide-rich industrial waste, as a low-cost catalyst and hydrogen producer to enhance bio-crude yield and stability during the HTL of oak wood. To enhance RM performance, it was modified through thermal treatment, acid washing, and reduction. The study aimed not only to improve bio-crude yield and quality but also to assess the impact of these treatments on the migration of metals into the oil and aqueous phases. The acid-washed and reduced RM showed the best catalytic activity, reaching a bio-crude yield of almost 50 %. This was attributed to its high surface area which increased from 14.9 to 49.1 m²/g and consequently, enhanced iron availability, which promoted in-situ hydrogen generation. As revealed by the characterization of the samples, acid treatment led to the formation of a stable FeTiO3 (ilmenite) phase, which enabled the complete reduction and reoxidation of Fe during the process. The presence of ilmenite also significantly minimized Fe leaching into both oil and water phases, the amount of Fe in the bio-crude decreases from 2330 to 42.5 ppm. Bio-crudes obtained with both catalysts showed high H/C ratios and carbon recoveries up to 67 %. These results demonstrate the potential of modified RM as a sustainable catalyst in HTL, offering a valuable route for waste valorization and reducing the need for expensive bio-crude upgrading.

水热液化（HTL）是一种很有前途的生物燃料生产途径，但所得到的生物原油质量低、金属含量高、稳定性差。本研究探讨了利用富含金属氧化物的工业废渣赤泥作为低成本催化剂和产氢剂，提高橡树木高温热解过程中生物原油的产率和稳定性。为了提高RM性能，通过热处理、酸洗和还原对其进行了改性。该研究不仅旨在提高生物原油的产量和质量，而且还旨在评估这些处理对金属向油相和水相迁移的影响。酸洗还原的RM表现出最好的催化活性，达到近50%的生物原油收率。这是由于它的高表面积从14.9增加到49.1 m2/g，从而提高了铁的可用性，从而促进了原位氢的生成。样品的表征表明，酸处理导致形成稳定的FeTiO3（钛铁矿）相，使铁在此过程中完全还原和再氧化。钛铁矿的存在也显著减少了铁在油相和水相的浸出，生物原油中的铁含量从2330 ppm降至42.5 ppm。两种催化剂制备的生物原油均具有较高的H/C比和高达67%的碳回收率。这些结果证明了改性RM作为HTL可持续催化剂的潜力，为废物增值和减少昂贵的生物原油升级需求提供了有价值的途径。

{"title":"Modified red mud catalysts for enhanced bio-crude yield and metal retention in hydrothermal liquefaction of oak wood","authors":"Seyedmohammad Mousavi, Martina Damizia, Maria Paola Bracciale, Roya Hamidi, Sogand Musivand, Paolo De Filippis, Benedetta de Caprariis","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising route for biofuel production, but the resulting bio-crude suffers from low quality, high metal content, and poor stability. This study explores the use of red mud (RM), a metal oxide-rich industrial waste, as a low-cost catalyst and hydrogen producer to enhance bio-crude yield and stability during the HTL of oak wood. To enhance RM performance, it was modified through thermal treatment, acid washing, and reduction. The study aimed not only to improve bio-crude yield and quality but also to assess the impact of these treatments on the migration of metals into the oil and aqueous phases. The acid-washed and reduced RM showed the best catalytic activity, reaching a bio-crude yield of almost 50 %. This was attributed to its high surface area which increased from 14.9 to 49.1 m<sup>2</sup>/g and consequently, enhanced iron availability, which promoted in-situ hydrogen generation. As revealed by the characterization of the samples, acid treatment led to the formation of a stable FeTiO3 (ilmenite) phase, which enabled the complete reduction and reoxidation of Fe during the process. The presence of ilmenite also significantly minimized Fe leaching into both oil and water phases, the amount of Fe in the bio-crude decreases from 2330 to 42.5 ppm. Bio-crudes obtained with both catalysts showed high H/C ratios and carbon recoveries up to 67 %. These results demonstrate the potential of modified RM as a sustainable catalyst in HTL, offering a valuable route for waste valorization and reducing the need for expensive bio-crude upgrading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115300"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145811413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dual role of HTC products from olive tree prunings in soil: Agricultural amendment or biopesticide depending on phytotoxicity 橄榄树修剪后的HTC产品在土壤中的双重作用：根据植物毒性作为农业改良剂或生物农药

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115280

J.M. Díaz-Rasero , T. Sosa , B. Ledesma , M. Grande , S. Román

This study investigates the impact of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) products (both hydrochars, (HC), and process water, (PW) derived from olive tree pruning, on the development of lettuce plants (Lactuca sativa). HTC was performed under varying conditions (temperature 200–220 °C and biomass to water load, 1/5 and 1/12 wt./wt.) and both HC and PW characterized by suitable physico-chemical analyses. It was found that not only their processing conditions but also the amount at which these HTC products were added affected their performance when added to the seeds or plants. In the case of HCs, germination and phytotoxicity tests on lettuce seeds promoted root growth at low concentrations (0.5 %) and inhibited germination and seedling development at higher concentrations (≥2%). The effect of PWs was linked by the biomass load used in HTC: lower ratios showed phytotoxicity, while more diluted options were not detrimental. These findings underscore the dual potential of HTC products as fertilizers or herbicides, contingent on processing and application parameters.

本研究探讨了从橄榄树修剪中提取的水热碳化（HTC）产品（碳氢化合物（HC）和工艺水（PW））对生菜植株（lacuca sativa）发育的影响。HTC是在不同的条件下进行的（温度200-220°C，生物质/水负荷，1/5和1/12 wt./wt.）， HC和PW都通过适当的物理化学分析来表征。研究发现，除了加工条件外，这些HTC产品的添加量也会影响它们在添加到种子或植物中时的性能。在HCs的情况下，生菜种子的萌发和植物毒性试验表明，低浓度（0.5%）的HCs促进了根的生长，高浓度（≥2%）的HCs抑制了萌发和幼苗的发育。PWs的影响与HTC中使用的生物量负荷有关：较低的比例显示植物毒性，而更稀释的选项则无害。这些发现强调了HTC产品作为肥料或除草剂的双重潜力，这取决于加工和应用参数。

{"title":"Dual role of HTC products from olive tree prunings in soil: Agricultural amendment or biopesticide depending on phytotoxicity","authors":"J.M. Díaz-Rasero , T. Sosa , B. Ledesma , M. Grande , S. Román","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115280","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115280","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the impact of hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) products (both hydrochars, (HC), and process water, (PW) derived from olive tree pruning, on the development of lettuce plants (<em>Lactuca sativa</em>). HTC was performed under varying conditions (temperature 200–220 °C and biomass to water load, 1/5 and 1/12 wt./wt.) and both HC and PW characterized by suitable physico-chemical analyses. It was found that not only their processing conditions but also the amount at which these HTC products were added affected their performance when added to the seeds or plants. In the case of HCs, germination and phytotoxicity tests on lettuce seeds promoted root growth at low concentrations (0.5 %) and inhibited germination and seedling development at higher concentrations (≥2%). The effect of PWs was linked by the biomass load used in HTC: lower ratios showed phytotoxicity, while more diluted options were not detrimental. These findings underscore the dual potential of HTC products as fertilizers or herbicides, contingent on processing and application parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115280"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integration of process simulation and design of experiments for the techno-economic optimization of chitosan and mold extract recovery from waste fungal biomass 结合工艺模拟与实验设计，对壳聚糖和霉菌提取液从真菌废生物质中回收进行工艺经济优化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115296

Ali Coşkun Dalgıç , Burcu Atlı , Mustafa Yamaç

This study conducts a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of chitosan and mold extract recovery from fungal biomass waste by integrating process simulation with advanced experimental design methodologies. Simulation scenarios, developed using the simplex lattice mixture design (SLMD), evaluated the influence of biomass composition on economic performance. Higher chitosan, protein, and glucan levels markedly improved profitability, while optimization via experimental design established a robust basis for scale-up and industrial deployment. Additionally, a two-stage approach combining Taguchi and Box–Behnken designs systematically examined the effects of critical operational parameters on process efficiency and profitability. For a plant processing 773 tons/year of feedstock, the total investment cost was estimated at $3.7 million with a 1.8-year payback. Profitability was found to plateau beyond a certain installed capacity. The proposed framework advances sustainable bioprocessing strategies utilizing agro-industrial and fungal fermentation residues. Ultimately, this work suggests the “Reverse Bioprocess Design” paradigm as a transformative approach for co-optimizing primary and secondary streams toward sustainable, high-value industrial bioprocessing.

本研究通过过程模拟和先进的实验设计方法相结合，对从真菌生物质废弃物中回收壳聚糖和霉菌提取物进行了综合技术经济评价。使用单纯形晶格混合设计（SLMD）开发的模拟场景评估了生物质组成对经济绩效的影响。更高的壳聚糖、蛋白质和葡聚糖水平显著提高了盈利能力，同时通过实验设计进行优化，为扩大规模和工业部署奠定了坚实的基础。此外，Taguchi和Box-Behnken设计相结合的两阶段方法系统地检查了关键操作参数对流程效率和盈利能力的影响。对于一个每年处理773吨原料的工厂，总投资成本估计为370万美元，投资回收期为1.8年。超过一定的装机容量后，盈利能力趋于平稳。提出的框架推进可持续的生物处理策略利用农工和真菌发酵残留物。最后，这项工作表明，“逆向生物过程设计”范式是一种变革性的方法，可以共同优化初级和次级流，实现可持续的、高价值的工业生物处理。

{"title":"Integration of process simulation and design of experiments for the techno-economic optimization of chitosan and mold extract recovery from waste fungal biomass","authors":"Ali Coşkun Dalgıç , Burcu Atlı , Mustafa Yamaç","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115296","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115296","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study conducts a comprehensive techno-economic assessment of chitosan and mold extract recovery from fungal biomass waste by integrating process simulation with advanced experimental design methodologies. Simulation scenarios, developed using the simplex lattice mixture design (SLMD), evaluated the influence of biomass composition on economic performance. Higher chitosan, protein, and glucan levels markedly improved profitability, while optimization via experimental design established a robust basis for scale-up and industrial deployment. Additionally, a two-stage approach combining Taguchi and Box–Behnken designs systematically examined the effects of critical operational parameters on process efficiency and profitability. For a plant processing 773 tons/year of feedstock, the total investment cost was estimated at $3.7 million with a 1.8-year payback. Profitability was found to plateau beyond a certain installed capacity. The proposed framework advances sustainable bioprocessing strategies utilizing agro-industrial and fungal fermentation residues. Ultimately, this work suggests the “Reverse Bioprocess Design” paradigm as a transformative approach for co-optimizing primary and secondary streams toward sustainable, high-value industrial bioprocessing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115296"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145797360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Changes in the pore structures of municipal solid waste samples with different abilities to provide support to the landfill structure during degradation: Analysis of synthetic waste using X-ray computed microtomography 不同能力的城市生活垃圾样品在降解过程中对填埋场结构提供支持的孔隙结构变化：合成垃圾的x射线计算机微断层扫描分析。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115294

Xinyi Liu , Xinyu Ding , Yongning Ren , Zhenshan Li , Yan Shao

The pore structure, which serves as a conduit for gas and leachate migration during municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling, undergoes continuous changes in pore size and connectivity with waste degradation. In this study, we established two types of landfill simulation containers filled with either formless or fixed-shaped MSW particles. Computer tomography (CT) scanning technology was used to monitor the pore structures regularly in situ during degradation, and Avizo image processing software was used to extract the characteristic parameters of the pore structure. The results showed that the pore structures all had unimodal distributions. The pore structures of the formless synthetic MSW particles continued to shrink, the sizes of the nodal pores decreased, and the pore channels narrowed and shortened with degradation. In contrast, the pore structures of the fixed-shaped MSW particles continued to grow during degradation, the nodal pores enlarged, and the pore channels expanded. Specifically, the pore channel length increased by nearly 1000 μm. This finding indicated that changes in the pore structures of wastes could be determined by the supporting factors of waste particles and by the biodegradation of microorganisms. The pore structures grew when the supporting factors were predominant and shrank when microorganism biodegradation was predominant.

在城市生活垃圾（MSW）填埋过程中，孔隙结构作为气体和渗滤液迁移的管道，随着垃圾降解，孔隙大小和连通性不断变化。在本研究中，我们建立了两种类型的垃圾填埋场模拟容器，分别填充无定形和固定形状的生活垃圾颗粒。利用计算机断层扫描（CT）技术对降解过程中孔隙结构进行原位定期监测，并利用Avizo图像处理软件提取孔隙结构特征参数。结果表明，孔隙结构均呈单峰分布。随着降解的进行，无定形合成垃圾颗粒的孔隙结构持续收缩，节点孔尺寸减小，孔道变窄、缩短。固形固体垃圾颗粒在降解过程中孔隙结构持续增长，节点孔扩大，孔道扩张。其中，孔隙通道长度增加了近1000 μm。这一发现表明，废物孔隙结构的变化可以由废物颗粒的支持因素和微生物的生物降解决定。支持因子作用下孔隙结构增大，微生物降解作用下孔隙结构缩小。

{"title":"Changes in the pore structures of municipal solid waste samples with different abilities to provide support to the landfill structure during degradation: Analysis of synthetic waste using X-ray computed microtomography","authors":"Xinyi Liu , Xinyu Ding , Yongning Ren , Zhenshan Li , Yan Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115294","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pore structure, which serves as a conduit for gas and leachate migration during municipal solid waste (MSW) landfilling, undergoes continuous changes in pore size and connectivity with waste degradation. In this study, we established two types of landfill simulation containers filled with either formless or fixed-shaped MSW particles. Computer tomography (CT) scanning technology was used to monitor the pore structures regularly in situ during degradation, and Avizo image processing software was used to extract the characteristic parameters of the pore structure. The results showed that the pore structures all had unimodal distributions. The pore structures of the formless synthetic MSW particles continued to shrink, the sizes of the nodal pores decreased, and the pore channels narrowed and shortened with degradation. In contrast, the pore structures of the fixed-shaped MSW particles continued to grow during degradation, the nodal pores enlarged, and the pore channels expanded. Specifically, the pore channel length increased by nearly 1000 μm. This finding indicated that changes in the pore structures of wastes could be determined by the supporting factors of waste particles and by the biodegradation of microorganisms. The pore structures grew when the supporting factors were predominant and shrank when microorganism biodegradation was predominant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115294"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145782954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental and environmental impact of early-stage lithium recovery in lithium-ion battery recycling 锂离子电池回收中早期锂回收的实验与环境影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115283

Dominic Dittmer , Abdur-Rahman Ali , Mahya Nezhadfard , Neill Bartie , Fabian Diaz , Steffen Blömeke , Daniel Schröder , Christoph Herrmann , Bernd Friedrich

In December 2019, the European Union announced the Green Deal as a growth strategy to ensure a resource-efficient and competitive economy. Based on this, in 2023 targets for battery recycling were formulated in a regulation. It is imperative to enhance both the recovery rate and the quality of the material to comply with this regulatory requirement. Two hydrometallurgical battery recycling processes for black mass from lithium-ion batteries with nickel manganese cobalt oxide 111 have been examined. The experimental investigation focuses on comparing early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR) process route, were lithium is leached in a first step with water from the black mass before acid leaching, with a reference route. Based on this analysis, an initial process simulation was developed in HSC SIM to generate data for life cycle assessment. Results show that the ESLR route increases lithium recovery to 61.9 % in experiments, with higher product quality. Simulation-based analysis showed a 5.7 % reduction in climate change impact per kg black mass treated compared to the reference route. Improved lithium recovery and quality reduced the climate impact of secondary lithium carbonate by 16 %, and by 37 % if wind power replaces grid electricity. Among sixteen impact categories evaluated, the ESLR route has lower impacts than the reference in thirteen categories.

2019年12月，欧盟宣布了《绿色协议》作为一项增长战略，以确保资源节约型和竞争性经济。在此基础上，制定了2023年电池回收目标的法规。为了满足这一法规要求，提高回收率和材料质量势在必行。研究了镍锰钴氧化物111锂离子电池黑质量的两种湿法冶金电池回收工艺。实验研究重点比较了酸浸前先用黑团水浸出锂的早期锂回收（ESLR）工艺路线与参考路线。基于此分析，在HSC SIM中开发了一个初始过程模拟，以生成生命周期评估的数据。结果表明，ESLR工艺可使锂回收率达到61.9%，产品质量较高。基于模拟的分析显示，与参考路线相比，每公斤黑质量处理的气候变化影响减少了5.7%。锂的回收和质量的提高将二次碳酸锂对气候的影响降低了16%，如果风力发电取代电网供电，将降低37%。在评估的16个影响类别中，ESLR路线在13个类别中的影响低于参考。

{"title":"Experimental and environmental impact of early-stage lithium recovery in lithium-ion battery recycling","authors":"Dominic Dittmer , Abdur-Rahman Ali , Mahya Nezhadfard , Neill Bartie , Fabian Diaz , Steffen Blömeke , Daniel Schröder , Christoph Herrmann , Bernd Friedrich","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115283","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115283","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In December 2019, the European Union announced the Green Deal as a growth strategy to ensure a resource-efficient and competitive economy. Based on this, in 2023 targets for battery recycling were formulated in a regulation. It is imperative to enhance both the recovery rate and the quality of the material to comply with this regulatory requirement. Two hydrometallurgical battery recycling processes for black mass from lithium-ion batteries with nickel manganese cobalt oxide 111 have been examined. The experimental investigation focuses on comparing early-stage lithium recovery (ESLR) process route, were lithium is leached in a first step with water from the black mass before acid leaching, with a reference route. Based on this analysis, an initial process simulation was developed in HSC SIM to generate data for life cycle assessment. Results show that the ESLR route increases lithium recovery to 61.9 % in experiments, with higher product quality. Simulation-based analysis showed a 5.7 % reduction in climate change impact per kg black mass treated compared to the reference route. Improved lithium recovery and quality reduced the climate impact of secondary lithium carbonate by 16 %, and by 37 % if wind power replaces grid electricity. Among sixteen impact categories evaluated, the ESLR route has lower impacts than the reference in thirteen categories.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115283"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145775908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Preparation and characterization of expanded perlite and industrial waste salt composite thermochemical heat storage material 膨胀珍珠岩与工业废盐复合热化学储热材料的制备与表征。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115291

Hao Ye , Wenjie Yan , Xu Xin , Kejian Dang , Yubing Tao

The reuse of industrial waste salts offers significant potential for environmental protection and resource conservation. This study investigates the application of industrial waste salt, primarily composed of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, as a thermochemical heat storage material. Expanded perlite was selected as the porous matrix to prepare composite materials, and comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the water adsorption, dehydration, and cyclic performance of waste salt and pure salt composite materials. Results indicate minimal differences in water adsorption and dehydration behavior between waste and pure salts. The heat storage density of pure salt and waste salt are 541 J·g⁻¹ and 515 J·g⁻¹, respectively. The both composite materials demonstrated a water adsorption capacity of approximately 1.0 g·g⁻¹ within 24 h and complete dehydration within 4 h. Expanded perlite effectively mitigated deliquescence leakage during hydration, maintaining structural integrity. Additionally, the water adsorption rate increased with humidity. This study highlights that the thermochemical energy storage properties of waste salts are comparable to those of pure salts, making waste salts a cost-effective alternative for thermal storage material development. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for industrial waste salt reuse, eliminating the need for costly purification processes and supporting large-scale applications in energy storage systems.

工业废盐的再利用在环境保护和资源节约方面具有巨大的潜力。研究了以六水氯化镁为主要成分的工业废盐作为热化学储热材料的应用。选择膨胀珍珠岩作为多孔基质制备复合材料，对废盐和纯盐复合材料的水吸附、脱水和循环性能进行了对比分析。结果表明，废盐和纯盐的水吸附和脱水行为差异极小。纯盐和废盐的蓄热密度分别为541 J·g-1和515 J·g-1。两种复合材料在24 h内的水吸附量约为1.0 g·g-1，在4 h内完全脱水。膨胀珍珠岩有效地减轻了水化过程中的湿解渗漏，保持了结构的完整性。吸附率随湿度的增加而增加。本研究强调废盐的热化学储能性能与纯盐相当，使废盐成为一种具有成本效益的储热材料替代品。这种方法为工业废盐的再利用提供了可持续的途径，消除了对昂贵的净化过程的需要，并支持在储能系统中的大规模应用。

{"title":"Preparation and characterization of expanded perlite and industrial waste salt composite thermochemical heat storage material","authors":"Hao Ye , Wenjie Yan , Xu Xin , Kejian Dang , Yubing Tao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115291","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reuse of industrial waste salts offers significant potential for environmental protection and resource conservation. This study investigates the application of industrial waste salt, primarily composed of magnesium chloride hexahydrate, as a thermochemical heat storage material. Expanded perlite was selected as the porous matrix to prepare composite materials, and comparative analyses were performed to evaluate the water adsorption, dehydration, and cyclic performance of waste salt and pure salt composite materials. Results indicate minimal differences in water adsorption and dehydration behavior between waste and pure salts. The heat storage density of pure salt and waste salt are 541 J·g<sup>−1</sup> and 515 J·g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The both composite materials demonstrated a water adsorption capacity of approximately 1.0 g·g<sup>−1</sup> within 24 h and complete dehydration within 4 h. Expanded perlite effectively mitigated deliquescence leakage during hydration, maintaining structural integrity. Additionally, the water adsorption rate increased with humidity. This study highlights that the thermochemical energy storage properties of waste salts are comparable to those of pure salts, making waste salts a cost-effective alternative for thermal storage material development. This approach provides a sustainable pathway for industrial waste salt reuse, eliminating the need for costly purification processes and supporting large-scale applications in energy storage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115291"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145757626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Leaching behavior and mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from solidified/stabilized fly ash under landfill leachate and alkali washing conditions: Inspired by co-landfilling with MSW 垃圾渗滤液和碱洗条件下固化/稳定飞灰中PCDD/Fs的浸出行为及机理：受城市生活垃圾共填埋的启发

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115290

Xue Li , Yingjie Sun , Weihua Li , Qingjian Zhang , Yanqi Nie , Dong Liu , Weichen Xu , Xuexin Fu , Rongxing Bian , Huawei Wang , Ya-nan Wang

Substantial generation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and limited landfill capacity have led to improper co-landfilling of solidified/stabilized (S/S) fly ash with municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, S/S fly ash is susceptible to erosion by leachate, and secondary alkaline washing caused by rainfall on newly landfilled S/S fly ash. To elucidate the leaching behavior of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and identify key release influencing factors, this study employed column experiments following US EPA Method 1320 to simulate dynamic leaching process where leachate and NaOH solution sequentially permeate through S/S fly ash. Results showed that the mass and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the eluate were associated with the phase transfer of dissolved organic matter. Notably, the dense structure formed by the high-molecular chelator S/S fly ash, combined with the abundant dissolved organic matter in old leachate, facilitated the attainment of critical micelle concentration of dissolved organic matter within S/S fly ash, thereby promoting the release of PCDD/Fs. Additionally, alkali washing induced the secondary release of PCDD/Fs. Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/heptachlorodibenzofurans (H₇CDD/Fs) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/octachlorodibenzofuran (O₈CDD/Fs) were the dominant homologues in the eluates, indicating dissolved organic matter exhibited higher affinity for highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs. pH and electrical conductivity affected the conformation and hydrophilicity of dissolved organic matter. An increase in pH weakened dissolved organic matter-PCDD/Fs interactions, while electrical conductivity exhibited complex effects. Historical improper landfilling practices involving fly ash and MSW remain concerns, particularly long-term PCDD/Fs leaching risks posed by old leachate on S/S fly ash stabilized with high-molecular chelator.

城市生活垃圾焚烧产生的大量飞灰和有限的填埋场容量导致了固化/稳定（S/S）飞灰与城市生活垃圾（MSW）的不当共填埋。因此，新填埋的S/S飞灰容易受到渗滤液的侵蚀和降雨的二次碱性洗涤。为了阐明多氯二苯并对二恶英和二苯并呋喃（PCDD/Fs）的浸出行为，并确定关键的释放影响因素，本研究采用柱式实验，按照美国环保局1320方法，模拟了渗滤液和NaOH溶液依次渗透S/S粉煤灰的动态浸出过程。结果表明，洗脱液中PCDD/Fs的质量和毒性当量（TEQ）浓度与溶解有机物的相转移有关。值得注意的是，高分子螯合剂S/S粉煤灰形成的致密结构，结合老渗滤液中丰富的溶解有机质，促进了S/S粉煤灰中溶解有机质达到临界胶束浓度，从而促进了PCDD/Fs的释放。此外，碱洗诱导PCDD/Fs的二次释放。七氯二苯并-对二恶英/七氯二苯并呋喃（H7CDD/Fs）和八氯二苯并-对二恶英/八氯二苯并呋喃（O8CDD/Fs）是淋洗液中主要的同源物，表明溶解的有机物对高氯化PCDD/呋喃具有更高的亲和力。pH和电导率影响溶解有机物的构象和亲水性。pH的增加削弱了溶解有机物与pcdd /Fs的相互作用，而电导率则表现出复杂的影响。粉煤灰和城市生活垃圾的历史不当填埋做法仍然令人担忧，特别是旧渗滤液在高分子螯合剂稳定的S/S粉煤灰上长期浸出PCDD/Fs的风险。

{"title":"Leaching behavior and mechanisms of PCDD/Fs from solidified/stabilized fly ash under landfill leachate and alkali washing conditions: Inspired by co-landfilling with MSW","authors":"Xue Li , Yingjie Sun , Weihua Li , Qingjian Zhang , Yanqi Nie , Dong Liu , Weichen Xu , Xuexin Fu , Rongxing Bian , Huawei Wang , Ya-nan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Substantial generation of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash and limited landfill capacity have led to improper co-landfilling of solidified/stabilized (S/S) fly ash with municipal solid waste (MSW). Therefore, S/S fly ash is susceptible to erosion by leachate, and secondary alkaline washing caused by rainfall on newly landfilled S/S fly ash. To elucidate the leaching behavior of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and identify key release influencing factors, this study employed column experiments following US EPA Method 1320 to simulate dynamic leaching process where leachate and NaOH solution sequentially permeate through S/S fly ash. Results showed that the mass and toxic equivalent (TEQ) concentrations of PCDD/Fs in the eluate were associated with the phase transfer of dissolved organic matter. Notably, the dense structure formed by the high-molecular chelator S/S fly ash, combined with the abundant dissolved organic matter in old leachate, facilitated the attainment of critical micelle concentration of dissolved organic matter within S/S fly ash, thereby promoting the release of PCDD/Fs. Additionally, alkali washing induced the secondary release of PCDD/Fs. Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins/heptachlorodibenzofurans (H<sub>7</sub>CDD/Fs) and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin/octachlorodibenzofuran (O<sub>8</sub>CDD/Fs) were the dominant homologues in the eluates, indicating dissolved organic matter exhibited higher affinity for highly chlorinated PCDD/Fs. pH and electrical conductivity affected the conformation and hydrophilicity of dissolved organic matter. An increase in pH weakened dissolved organic matter-PCDD/Fs interactions, while electrical conductivity exhibited complex effects. Historical improper landfilling practices involving fly ash and MSW remain concerns, particularly long-term PCDD/Fs leaching risks posed by old leachate on S/S fly ash stabilized with high-molecular chelator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"211 ","pages":"Article 115290"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145737664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0