Waste management最新文献_第3页

Sustainable development solidification of dredged silt by fluorogypsum with the flocculation and activation of shell powder 氟石膏壳粉絮凝活化对疏浚淤泥的可持续固化研究

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115370

Siqi Chen , Zhenjie Gu , Yan Fang , Yunxiang Weng , Haiqing Liu , Qinhui Chen

The improper disposal of dredged silt may lead to land occupation, ecological contamination, reduced river flood discharge capacity, and navigation channel obstruction. Based on its inherent characteristics, a dual-functional composite solidifier used for simultaneous flocculation and solidification was developed. Its flocculation efficacy was evaluated by specific resistance to filtration (SRF), capillary suction time (CST), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) testing coupled with moisture transformation analysis etc. Results demonstrate that 3% of shell powder addition is optimal through Ca²⁺-mediated charge neutralization, electrical double layer compression and alkaline-stimulated gelation. Fluorogypsum facilitates the formation of AFt crystal for pore-filling, while the hydration of shell powder provides alkaline Ca(OH)₂ to drive pozzolanic reactions to form C-S(A)-H gels which play a role in cementation and densification. The UCS of solidified soil reaches 2.52 MPa at the synergistic effect of the comprehensive waste utilization which displays superior sustainability and cost-effectiveness over conventional cement-based approaches. The solidified soil exhibits friendliness towards green plants. This disposal method achieves the recycling and resource recovery of three types of solid waste.

疏浚泥沙处置不当，可能造成土地占用、生态污染、河道泄洪能力下降、航道阻塞等问题。基于其固有的特性，研制了一种同时絮凝和凝固的双功能复合固化剂。通过比滤阻力（SRF）、毛细吸力时间（CST）、无侧限抗压强度（UCS）试验及水分转化分析等评价其絮凝效果。结果表明，通过Ca2+介导的电荷中和、电双层压缩和碱刺激凝胶作用，壳粉添加量为3%为最佳。氟石膏有利于形成AFt晶体填充孔隙，壳粉的水化作用提供碱性Ca(OH)2驱动火山灰反应形成C-S(A)-H凝胶，起到胶结致密的作用。在废弃物综合利用的协同作用下，固化土的UCS达到2.52 MPa，比常规水泥基方法具有更强的可持续性和成本效益。固化土壤对绿色植物表现出友好性。这种处理方法实现了三类固体废物的循环利用和资源化利用。

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引用次数: 0

From lime stabilization to CO2 sequestration: spontaneous recarbonation in municipal sewage sludge 从石灰稳定到二氧化碳封存：城市污水污泥中的自发再碳化

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115371

Felix Brück , Florian Schmutzler , Jan Reeh , Christine Fröhlich , Harald Platen , Harald Weigand

Lime treatment is widely applied for stabilizing and conditioning municipal sewage sludge to improve handling and hygienic properties. It also offers the potential for carbon dioxide (CO₂) sequestration through lime recarbonation. Thereby, atmospheric CO₂ reacts with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) to form calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), partly or fully offsetting process CO₂ emissions generated during lime production. However, its extent and rate are largely unexplored.

We investigated the spontaneous recarbonation of lime-treated sewage sludge using samples from two full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). WWTP1 applies hydrated lime prior to dewatering, while WWTP2 adds quicklime after dewatering. Samples were incubated under controlled conditions for six months and analyzed using thermogravimetry–mass spectrometry (TGA–MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and bulk element determinations.

Progressive transformation of Ca(OH)₂ into CaCO₃ confirmed spontaneous recarbonation. Within four months, WWTP1 samples reached near-complete carbonation with rates approaching 100 % of the calcination-related process CO₂ emissions. By contrast, WWTP2 samples exhibited lower rates of recarbonation, with a maximum of ∼94 %, likely due to heterogeneous lime distribution, and encapsulation of unreacted lime along with differences in lime quality.

These findings provide the first conclusive evidence for substantial spontaneous recarbonation of lime-treated sewage sludge under ambient conditions. They demonstrate that CO₂ uptake is strongly influenced by lime type, dosing strategy, and sludge composition. This establishes a robust basis for integrating lime recarbonation into carbon accounting frameworks and for evaluating the long-term carbon sink potential of lime-treated sludge, while fuel-related emissions from lime production remain outside the scope of this study.

石灰处理被广泛应用于稳定和调理城市污水污泥，以改善污泥的处理和卫生性能。它还通过石灰再碳化提供了二氧化碳（CO2）封存的潜力。因此，大气中的二氧化碳与氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）反应形成碳酸钙（CaCO3），部分或全部抵消石灰生产过程中产生的二氧化碳排放。然而，它的范围和速度在很大程度上尚未被探索。我们研究了石灰处理的污水污泥的自发再碳化，使用来自两个大型污水处理厂（WWTPs）的样本。WWTP1在脱水前加入熟石灰，而WWTP2在脱水后加入生石灰。样品在受控条件下孵育6个月，并使用热重质谱（TGA-MS）、x射线衍射（XRD）和体元素测定进行分析。Ca(OH)2逐渐转化为CaCO3证实了自发再碳化。在四个月内，WWTP1样品几乎完全碳化，与煅烧相关的二氧化碳排放量接近100%。相比之下，WWTP2样品表现出较低的再碳化率，最高为~ 94%，可能是由于石灰分布不均，未反应石灰的包封以及石灰质量的差异。这些发现为石灰处理的污水污泥在环境条件下的大量自发再碳化提供了第一个确凿的证据。他们证明，二氧化碳的吸收受到石灰类型，剂量策略和污泥组成的强烈影响。这为将石灰再生纳入碳核算框架和评估石灰处理污泥的长期碳汇潜力奠定了坚实的基础，而石灰生产中与燃料有关的排放仍然不在本研究的范围之内。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical study of in‑situ aeration using landfillFoam: effects of landfill properties and aeration strategies 利用垃圾填埋泡沫进行原位曝气的数值研究：垃圾填埋场特性和曝气策略的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115306

Junlong Huang , Yiping Wu , Fangming Xu , Hongtao Wang , Yanjun Liu

In-situ aeration, achieved by injecting air into municipal solid waste, accelerates landfill stabilization, yet current designs remain largely empirical. This study introduces landfillFoam, an open-source solver built on OpenFOAM and porousMultiphaseFoam, integrating unsaturated two-phase flow, the dusty gas model for multicomponent transport, Monod-type aerobic and anaerobic degradation, methane oxidation, and heat transfer. Validation against analytical solutions and field data confirmed its accuracy. A 1,200-day baseline simulation identified four aerobic stabilization stages, with aerobic processes contributing 36% of total organic degradation. Aeration shortened stabilization time by 10-15% relative to non-aerated conditions. Parametric analyses showed that higher permeability enhanced injection rates but increased overheating risk, while water saturation of 40-60% provided an optimal balance between degradation and oxygen transport. A hexagonal well layout improved energy efficiency by 40% compared with a square layout, and reducing spacing from 15 m to 12 m yielded marginal benefits. In contrast, alternating injection-extraction wells and intermittent injection hindered stabilization relative to continuous injection. Early aeration initiation markedly enhanced stabilization, with a critical delay threshold beyond which benefits diminished. These findings provide quantitative guidance for optimizing aeration strategies to reduce landfill aftercare requirements.

原位曝气，通过向城市固体废物注入空气来实现，加速了垃圾填埋场的稳定，但目前的设计在很大程度上仍然是经验的。本文介绍了基于OpenFOAM和porousmmultiphasefoam的开源求解器landfillFoam，它集成了不饱和两相流、多组分输运的含尘气体模型、monod型好氧和厌氧降解、甲烷氧化和传热。对分析解和现场数据的验证证实了其准确性。1200天的基线模拟确定了四个有氧稳定阶段，有氧过程贡献了总有机降解的36%。曝气使稳定时间比不曝气缩短了10-15%。参数分析表明，较高的渗透率提高了注入速度，但也增加了过热风险，而40-60%的含水饱和度在降解和氧运输之间提供了最佳平衡。与方形井布相比，六边形井布提高了40%的能源效率，并将井距从15 m减小到12 m，产生了边际效益。相比之下，交替注采井和间歇注入相对于连续注入会阻碍稳定性。早期曝气启动明显增强了稳定性，超过临界延迟阈值后，其益处就会减少。这些发现为优化曝气策略以减少填埋后处理需求提供了定量指导。

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引用次数: 0

Linking landfill operational characteristics and treatment conditions to Daphnia magna toxicity of leachates 垃圾填埋场操作特点及处理条件与大水蚤毒性的关系

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115368

Tomas Makaras, Brigita Gylytė, Janina Pažusienė, Roberta Valskienė

Leachate toxicity is influenced by multiple landfill factors, yet the drivers and the biological levels at which effects manifest remain poorly understood. We conducted a multi-level biological assessment of Daphnia magna exposed to leachates from non-hazardous/industrial landfills differing in operational status (operational vs. non-operational), environmental exposure (precipitation-protected vs. unprotected), and treatment stage (untreated, partially, or fully treated). Acute effective (EC₅₀) and low-effect equivalent (EC₅, 1/4, and 1/16 EC₅) concentrations were evaluated to compare treatments and relate response magnitude to leachate physicochemical characteristics and landfill-specific factors. This approach enabled biologically equivalent comparisons across sites and spanned four interconnected levels—physiological, behavioural, growth, and reproductive—providing insights beyond standard endpoints. Even treated leachates retained toxicity at the lowest concentrations tested. Specific physicochemical parameters driving leachate toxicity were identified, guiding testing and risk assessment. Based on toxicity unit (TU) values, the highest toxicity was observed in precipitation-protected leachate (108.36), followed by precipitation-unprotected leachates (19.69–60.24), non-operational leachate (6.70), and partially treated leachate after mechanical/biological treatment (4.84). No toxic effects on D. magna immobilization were detected in fully treated leachate following reverse osmosis. Sublethal exposures affected heart rate, behaviour, and growth, with reproduction largely unaffected; heart rate was the most sensitive endpoint, responding even at 1/16 EC₅, including in post-treated leachates. These results show that landfill age, composition, management, and post-treatment collectively shape leachate toxicity, influencing both magnitude and type of biological response. Further studies should explore interactions with environmental factors and identify suitable test organisms and endpoints for rapid, sensitive assessment.

渗滤液的毒性受到多种垃圾填埋场因素的影响，但其驱动因素和影响表现的生物水平仍然知之甚少。我们对暴露于来自无害/工业垃圾填埋场的渗滤液中的大水蚤进行了多层次的生物学评估，评估对象在运行状态（运行与非运行）、环境暴露（降水保护与无保护）和处理阶段（未处理、部分处理或完全处理）方面存在差异。对急性有效浓度（EC50）和低效当量浓度（EC5、1/4和1/16 EC5）进行了评估，以比较不同处理，并将反应幅度与渗滤液理化特性和垃圾填埋场特定因素联系起来。这种方法可以跨站点进行生物等效比较，并跨越四个相互关联的水平——生理、行为、生长和生殖——提供超越标准端点的见解。即使是处理过的渗滤液，其毒性也保持在测试的最低浓度。确定了影响渗滤液毒性的具体理化参数，指导检测和风险评估。根据毒性单位（TU）值，沉淀保护渗滤液毒性最高（108.36），其次是沉淀保护渗滤液（19.69 ~ 60.24），非操作渗滤液（6.70），机械/生物处理部分处理渗滤液（4.84）。反渗透完全处理后的渗滤液对D. magna的固定化无毒性作用。亚致死暴露影响心率、行为和生长，生殖基本不受影响；心率是最敏感的终点，即使在1/16 EC5时也有反应，包括处理后的渗滤液。这些结果表明，填埋场年龄、组成、管理和后处理共同决定了渗滤液的毒性，影响了生物反应的大小和类型。进一步的研究应该探索与环境因素的相互作用，并为快速、敏感的评估确定合适的测试生物和终点。

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引用次数: 0

Hydrothermal recycling of step and chain growth mixed plastics under sub- and supercritical conditions: chemical synergies, and antagonisms 亚超临界条件下阶梯生长和链式生长混合塑料的水热回收：化学协同作用和拮抗作用

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115362

Jacopo de Tommaso, Alexandre Gaillard, Elodie Mattio, Chloé Ardizzone, Antoine Leybros

The automotive industry consumes 7 % of global plastics, with polymers accounting for nearly half the volume of the vehicle. End-of-life automotive plastics are heterogeneous mixtures of polymers, fillers, and additives that current sorting systems cannot handle, preventing their otherwise feasible conversion into monomers or chemical building blocks. To address this challenge, we treated hydrothermally a representative unsorted automotive plastic waste stream of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide 6 (PA6), polyurethane (PU), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) under sub/supercritical water at 250 to 400 °C. Between 250 and 300 °C, PET converts to terephthalic acid (TPA) with 80–95 % yield, recovered as a solid, and PA6 depolymerizes to caprolactam and aminohexanoic acid. Water cleaves PU into amines and polyols, PVC dechlorinates, while PP remains intact after subcritical water treatment. PA6 hinders PET hydrolysis, while PU and PVC improve TPA’s yield, and PP has no effect. Starting at 300 °C, PA6 and PU monomers recombine and degrade, but PU at least quadruplicates its yield in nitrogenous aromatics. Above the critical point, TPA fragments to a range of oxygenated aromatics, PA6 monomers disappear, PP and PVC cracks into C₈-C₁₄ branched aliphatic, and PU yield increase only slightly (10 % compared to 300 °C). We demonstrate that no single condition valorises all polymers simultaneously. Instead, process design must prioritize the most valuable products, for instance via staged heating: subcritical conditions recover PA6 and PU monomers as liquids, PET hydrolyses optimally at 300 °C as a solid, and PP converts to fuels above supercritical conditions.

汽车工业消耗了全球7%的塑料，其中聚合物占汽车体积的近一半。报废汽车塑料是聚合物、填料和添加剂的异质混合物，目前的分拣系统无法处理，阻止了它们转化为单体或化学构建块。为了应对这一挑战，我们在250至400°C的亚/超临界水中对具有代表性的未分类汽车塑料废物进行了水热处理，这些废物包括聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）、聚酰胺6 （PA6）、聚氨酯（PU）、聚丙烯（PP）和聚氯乙烯（PVC）。在250 - 300°C之间，PET以80 - 95%的收率转化为对苯二甲酸（TPA），作为固体回收，PA6解聚为己内酰胺和氨基己酸。水将PU分解成胺和多元醇，PVC脱氯，而PP在亚临界水处理后保持完整。PA6阻碍了PET的水解，PU和PVC提高了TPA的收率，PP没有影响。从300°C开始，PA6和PU单体重新结合并降解，但PU在含氮芳烃中的产率至少是原来的四倍。在临界温度以上，TPA裂解为一系列含氧芳烃，PA6单体消失，PP和PVC裂解为C8-C14支链脂肪族，PU产率仅略有提高（与300℃相比提高10%）。我们证明了没有一个单一的条件能同时使所有的聚合物增值。相反，工艺设计必须优先考虑最有价值的产品，例如通过分阶段加热：亚临界条件下回收PA6和PU单体作为液体，PET在300°C时水解为固体，PP在超临界条件下转化为燃料。

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引用次数: 0

From hazardous waste to High-Performance Electrodes: Upcycling discarded cigarette filters into N/S co-doped Free-Standing carbon membranes for advanced energy storage 从危险废物到高性能电极：将废弃的香烟过滤器升级为N/S共掺杂的独立式碳膜，用于先进的能量储存。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115367

Qingling Zhang , Jinlong Liu , Longxin Li , Youliang Cheng , Chengkun Liu , Yu Zhao , Changqing Fang

Waste cigarette filters are a primary source of solid waste pollution, primarily due to the non-biodegradability and the persistent leaching of toxic chemicals. The recycling and reuse of discarded cigarette filters are therefore critically significant for environmental protection and sustainable resource management. Herein, this study proposed an innovative approach to convert waste cigarette filters into freestanding electrode materials, and it requires no complex pre-treatment of the collected used cigarette filters. The N/S co-doped carbon nanofiber membranes were fabricated from waste cigarette filters via electrospinning, deacetylation, and carbonization. The as-prepared N/S co-doped carbon membrane exhibits a specific surface area of 385 m²·g⁻¹ at the carbonization temperature of 900 °C, and it presents the highest specific capacitance of 229F·g⁻¹ due to the synergistic effect of porosity and heteroatoms doping. The assembled symmetric flexible supercapacitor achieved an energy density of 24 Wh·kg⁻¹ at a power density of 2500 W·kg⁻¹, and it shows an impressive capacitance retention rate of 78.1 % after 10,000 cycles. The results indicate that converting waste cigarette filters into freestanding carbon membranes is a promising strategy for developing high-performance supercapacitor electrode materials.

废弃香烟过滤嘴是固体废物污染的主要来源，主要是由于其不可生物降解性和有毒化学品的持续浸出。因此，回收和再利用废弃的香烟过滤嘴对环境保护和可持续资源管理至关重要。本研究提出了一种创新的方法，将废弃的香烟过滤嘴转化为独立的电极材料，并且不需要对收集的二手香烟过滤嘴进行复杂的预处理。以废烟滤嘴为原料，经静电纺丝、脱乙酰和碳化制备了N/S共掺杂碳纳米纤维膜。在900℃炭化温度下，制备的N/S共掺杂碳膜的比表面积为385 m2·g-1，由于孔隙度和杂原子掺杂的协同作用，其比电容最高为229F·g-1。组装的对称柔性超级电容器在2500 W·kg-1的功率密度下获得了24 Wh·kg-1的能量密度，并在10,000次循环后显示出78.1%的电容保持率。结果表明，将废烟滤嘴转化为独立碳膜是开发高性能超级电容器电极材料的一种很有前途的策略。

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引用次数: 0

Strategic purification and activation of waste-tire-derived pyrolytic carbon black for enhanced natural rubber reinforcement: Mechanistic insights and practical considerations 用于增强天然橡胶增强的废轮胎衍生热解炭黑的战略纯化和活化：机理见解和实际考虑

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115358

Longfei Xie , Ping Zhou , Xiaoyan Chen , Pei-Gao Duan

This study systematically investigated the reinforcement mechanisms of waste-tire-derived pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) in natural rubber (NR) composites at the component level through controlled demineralization strategies and modification treatments. This study identifies three main findings. First, SiO₂ acts as a rigid structural skeleton that improves filler polarity and interfacial bonding, increasing the tensile strength by 16.8% (21.39 MPa) and the modulus M300 by 9.77 MPa. Second, ZnS negatively impacts composite performance by inducing stress concentration and weakening adhesion; its removal markedly improves the mechanical strength. Third, KOH activation increases the mesopore surface area from 36.27 to 45.69 m²/g, but this benefit is realized only when KOH activation is combined with SiO₂ retention, resulting in optimal mechanical properties (22.17 MPa tensile, 10.48 MPa M300). This work delineates component-level reinforcement contributions, demonstrating that purified CBp with retained SiO₂ exhibits performance comparable to that of fossil-derived carbon black (CB), whereas ZnS-free CBp-ZK shows superior dynamic mechanical properties (e.g., a reduced Payne effect). These findings advance the high-value utilization of CBp as a sustainable reinforcing filler, addressing critical gaps in waste tire pyrolysis product applications. This study further highlights the dual role of inorganic components, with SiO₂ enhancing compatibility and ZnS impairing interfacial bonding, providing a foundation for industrial-scale CBp modification strategies.

通过控制脱矿策略和改性处理，系统研究了废轮胎热解炭黑（CBp）在天然橡胶（NR）复合材料中的增强机理。这项研究确定了三个主要发现。首先，SiO2作为刚性结构骨架，改善了填料极性和界面结合，提高了抗拉强度16.8% (21.39 MPa)，模量M300提高了9.77 MPa。其次，ZnS通过诱导应力集中和减弱附着力对复合材料性能产生负面影响；它的去除显著提高了机械强度。第三，KOH活化使介孔表面积从36.27 m2/g增加到45.69 m2/g，但只有当KOH活化与SiO2保留相结合时才能实现这一效益，从而获得最佳的力学性能（拉伸22.17 MPa, M300 10.48 MPa）。这项工作描述了组分水平的增强贡献，表明含有SiO2的纯化CBp具有与化石衍生炭黑（CB）相当的性能，而不含zns的CBp- zk具有优异的动态力学性能（例如，降低了Payne效应）。这些发现促进了CBp作为可持续增强填料的高价值利用，解决了废轮胎热解产品应用中的关键空白。该研究进一步强调了无机组分的双重作用，即SiO2增强相容性和ZnS破坏界面键合，为工业规模的CBp改性策略提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Use of compost extract as acclimatization accelerator for methane oxidation biosystems 堆肥提取物作为甲烷氧化生物系统驯化促进剂的应用

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115359

Jeovana Jisla das Neves Santos , Fatima Osorio Baron , Alexandre R. Cabral , Federico Galli

The acclimatization process of methane oxidation biosystems typically requires several days or even months for the establishment of efficient and stable microbial communities. Here we assessed whether inoculating methane oxidation media with compost extract from pre-acclimatized compost-based materials accelerated acclimatization and increased methane oxidation capacity. Batch assays using biosolids and leaf compost were tested by the addition of compost extract in different dilutions of 100%, 66.6% (33.3% water), and 33.3% (66.6% water) at two initial CH₄ concentrations (10% and 5% v/v). The most promising dilution (33.3%) was then assessed in continuous-flow column experiments with a structured engineered media (biosolids compost–gravel mixture (1:2 v/v). Results from batch assays showed that for the biosolids compost, the addition of compost extract reduced acclimatization time by 54–82% and increased oxidation rates from 16 to 70 µg CH₄·gdw⁻¹·h⁻¹. The test with leaf compost showed a slightly smaller gain in acclimatization time (50–66%) and increase in oxidation rates from 11 to 32 µg CH₄·gdw⁻¹·h⁻¹. In column tests, inoculation enabled full CH₄ removal within 3 days, whereas in the test without inoculation, the sample was not yet fully acclimatized after 18 days. Microbiological analysis indicated that the compost extract preserved a diverse methanotrophic community. These findings demonstrate that compost extract inoculation is a simple, low-cost, and effective approach to accelerate start-up and enhance early-stage CH₄ removal in methane oxidation biosystems. Implementing this strategy at full scale will likely shorten the stabilization period needed for methane oxidation biosystems to attain their full methane mitigation capacity.

甲烷氧化生物系统的适应过程通常需要数天甚至数月才能建立高效稳定的微生物群落。本研究评估了在甲烷氧化培养基中接种预驯化的堆肥基材料的堆肥提取物是否加速了驯化和增加了甲烷氧化能力。在两种初始CH4浓度（10%和5% v/v）下，添加不同稀释度的堆肥提取物，分别为100%、66.6%（33.3%水）和33.3%（66.6%水），对生物固体和叶片堆肥进行批量试验。然后在连续流柱实验中，用结构化工程介质（生物固体堆肥-砾石混合物（1:2 v/v））评估最有希望的稀释度（33.3%）。批量试验结果表明，对于生物固体堆肥，添加堆肥提取物可将驯化时间缩短54-82%，并将氧化速率从16µg CH4·gdw−1提高到70µg CH4·gdw−1·h−1。叶片堆肥的驯化时间增加幅度略小（50-66%），氧化速率从11µg CH4·gdw−1·h−1增加到32µg CH4·gdw−1·h−1。在柱试中，接种后3 d内可完全去除CH4，而在不接种试验中，样品在18 d后仍未完全驯化。微生物学分析表明，堆肥提取物保存了多种甲烷营养群落。这些结果表明，接种堆肥浸膏是一种简单、低成本、有效的方法，可以加速甲烷氧化生物系统的启动和增强早期CH4的去除。全面实施这一战略可能会缩短甲烷氧化生物系统达到其全部甲烷减排能力所需的稳定期。

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引用次数: 0

Electric Vehicle Batteries Recycling: A Review 电动汽车电池回收：综述

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115302

Behzad Esmaeilian , Yaohong Xiao , Gagan K. Goyal , Lei Zuo , Lei Chen , Sara Behdad

The rapid growth of electric vehicles has created an urgent need for practical end-of-life lithium-ion battery recycling systems that are technically competent, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable. To clarify these growing technical and systemic challenges, a detailed synthesis of the existing body of knowledge is required. This review systematically analyzes the EV battery recycling literature retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From an initial set of about 1,700 publications, 130 studies were selected through structured screening for methodological relevance and technical analyses. The review is structured around four major topics: (1) collection and infrastructure planning, (2) recycling technologies, (3) digital and automation technologies, and (4) lifecycle and techno-economic assessments. For collection and infrastructure planning, the literature on game-theoretic and reverse logistics models show that coordinated networks and policy-driven incentives considerably improve collection outcomes and economic performance. In the area of recycling technologies, studies discuss that mechanical disassembly is mainly manual due to design heterogeneity and safety risks; while emerging robotic solutions deliver operational improvements. Pyrometallurgy provides robust throughput but is energy-intensive, hydrometallurgy facilitates selective recovery, supercritical and electrochemical routes offer cleaner options, and direct regeneration supports closed-loop circularity but requires scale-up. About digital and automation technologies, AI supports advanced diagnostics, robotics increases flexibility, digital twins facilitate predictive control, and digital product passports advance traceability but face governance and standardization challenges. Also, in the lifecycle assessment and techno-economic assessments domain, studies suggest that logistics and collection rates dominate cost and emission profiles, with siting optimization and automation driving measurable improvements. The synthesis of literature also identifies three future research directions: intelligent hybrid systems, information recovery systems, and resilient value networks which emphasize the need for digitally connected policy-aligned recycling infrastructures.

随着电动汽车的快速发展，人们迫切需要一种实用的报废锂离子电池回收系统，这种系统必须具有技术能力、经济可行性和环境可持续性。为了澄清这些日益增长的技术和系统挑战，需要对现有知识体系进行详细的综合。本文系统分析了Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar上关于电动汽车电池回收的相关文献。从最初的约1,700份出版物中，通过方法相关性和技术分析的结构化筛选，选择了130项研究。该审查围绕四个主要主题进行：(1)收集和基础设施规划，(2)回收技术，(3)数字和自动化技术，以及(4)生命周期和技术经济评估。对于收集和基础设施规划，博弈论和逆向物流模型的文献表明，协调的网络和政策驱动的激励显著改善了收集结果和经济绩效。在回收技术方面，研究认为由于设计的异质性和安全风险，机械拆卸主要是人工拆卸；而新兴的机器人解决方案提供了操作上的改进。火法冶金提供了强大的产能，但能源密集型，湿法冶金有利于选择性回收，超临界和电化学路线提供了更清洁的选择，直接再生支持闭环循环，但需要扩大规模。在数字和自动化技术方面，人工智能支持先进的诊断，机器人提高灵活性，数字孪生促进预测控制，数字产品护照促进可追溯性，但面临治理和标准化挑战。此外，在生命周期评估和技术经济评估领域，研究表明，物流和收集率主导了成本和排放概况，选址优化和自动化推动了可衡量的改进。综合文献还确定了三个未来的研究方向：智能混合系统，信息回收系统和弹性价值网络，强调需要数字化连接的政策一致的回收基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic and efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent NCM cathodes using a novel chlorine-free acidic deep eutectic solvent 利用一种新型无氯酸性深共晶溶剂从废NCM阴极中协同高效浸出有价金属

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115355

Maoting Yu , Chengping Li , Ailin Xu , Bo Li , Yushu Wu , Boyue Dong , Zhaohui Zheng , Jinsong Wang , Yingjie Zhang , Peng Dong , Chongjun Bao , Zhengfu Zhang

The rapid expansion of electric vehicles has driven a surge in end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Conventional hydrometallurgical recycling, dependent on strong inorganic acids and chloride-containing reagents, induces severe secondary pollution and equipment corrosion. Although deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are extensively explored as green alternatives, mainstream chloride salt-acid systems persistently risk chlorine contamination, necessitating inherently safe chloride-free alternatives. This study developed a novel chloride-free DES with excellent recyclability using trimethylglycine (TMG) and glycolic acid (GA). Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization yielded optimal leaching conditions: 1.95 h, TMG:GA molar ratio of 1:3.2, S/L of 20 g/L, and 99 °C. Under these conditions, unprecedented leaching efficiencies (>99%) for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from spent LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (NCM111) were achieved, with demonstrated universality across multiple cathode configurations (>94%). The kinetic study showed that the leaching process is governed by surface chemical reaction, with activation energies of 33.19/42.61/40.50/37.38 kJ mol^-1 for Li/Ni/Co/Mn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the DES disrupts metal–oxygen (M−O) bonds via a synergistic reductive-chelation mechanism, where binding energies followed Mn > Co > Ni. This work offers a promising approach for recycling spent batteries with its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, broad applicability, and in-depth mechanism.

电动汽车的快速扩张推动了报废锂离子电池（lib）的激增。传统的湿法冶金回收依赖于强无机酸和含氯试剂，造成严重的二次污染和设备腐蚀。虽然深度共晶溶剂（DESs）作为绿色替代品被广泛探索，但主流氯化物盐-酸体系持续存在氯污染风险，因此需要本质上安全的无氯替代品。本研究以三甲基甘氨酸（TMG）和乙醇酸（GA）为原料，开发了一种可回收性好的新型无氯DES。响应面法优化得到最佳浸出条件：1.95 h， TMG:GA摩尔比1:3.2，S/L为20 g/L，温度99℃。在这些条件下，从废LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 （NCM111）中获得了前所未有的Li、Ni、Co和Mn的浸出效率（>99%），并证明了多种阴极配置的普遍性（>94%）。动力学研究表明，浸出过程受表面化学反应控制，Li/Ni/Co/Mn的活化能为33.19/42.61/40.50/37.38 kJ mol-1。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算揭示了DES通过协同还原螯合机制破坏金属-氧（M−O）键，其中结合能跟随Mn >； Co > Ni。本研究为废旧电池的回收利用提供了一条环保、高效、适用性广、机制深入的新途径。

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引用次数: 0