Waste management最新文献_第3页

A critical review on functionalized biochar from solid waste: Advancing sustainable construction and CO2 capture 固体废物功能化生物炭研究进展：推进可持续建设和二氧化碳捕集

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115351

Razia Sultana , Shipeng Zhang , Chi Sun Poon

The growing CO₂ emissions from cement production and solid waste present significant challenges to achieving carbon neutrality, demanding sustainable strategies for the carbon–neutral construction sector. Producing biochar-driven concrete via the thermochemical conversion of organic waste offers an eco-friendly approach to mitigating CO₂ emissions from cement production while simultaneously addressing the challenge of large-scale solid waste management. The establishment of biochar as a carbon-negative product makes it a promising alternative to traditional cementitious materials in cement-based products. Additionally, porous biochar can adsorb CO₂, which can react with calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂) in cement and form stable calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) through an internal carbonation process. However, despite these environmental benefits, high doses of unmodified/pristine biochar often compromise concrete’s mechanical properties, limiting its practical application. Therefore, this review critically evaluates the development of functionalized biochar, focusing on physical and chemical activation methods to overcome these limitations. Particular emphasis is placed on how functionalization enhances biochar’s compatibility with cement and significantly boosts its CO₂ adsorption capacity. To provide a deeper understanding of the literature on this topic, this review first systematically analyzed a comprehensive range of contemporary research on modification methods and the performance of both modified and unmodified biochar, with and without carbonation, in cementitious materials, highlighting their impacts on carbon-capture potential and mechanical properties. Subsequently, various limitations and challenges associated with the application of functionalized biochar in construction materials are highlighted. Finally, the review suggests key areas for future research to optimize biochar applications, aiming to improve mechanical performance, and maximizing carbon capture in waste management systems.

水泥生产和固体废物产生的二氧化碳排放量不断增加，对实现碳中和提出了重大挑战，要求建筑行业采取可持续的碳中和战略。通过有机废物的热化学转化生产生物炭驱动混凝土，为减少水泥生产中的二氧化碳排放提供了一种环保方法，同时解决了大规模固体废物管理的挑战。生物炭作为碳负产品的建立使其成为水泥基产品中传统胶凝材料的有前途的替代品。此外，多孔生物炭可以吸附二氧化碳，二氧化碳可以与水泥中的氢氧化钙（Ca(OH)2）反应，通过内部碳化过程形成稳定的碳酸钙（CaCO3）。然而，尽管有这些环境效益，高剂量的未改性/原始生物炭往往会损害混凝土的机械性能，限制了其实际应用。因此，本文对功能化生物炭的发展进行了批判性评价，重点介绍了克服这些局限性的物理和化学活化方法。特别强调功能化如何增强生物炭与水泥的相容性，并显着提高其二氧化碳吸附能力。为了更深入地了解这一主题的文献，本文首先系统地分析了当代关于改性方法和改性和未改性生物炭在胶凝材料中的性能的全面研究，并强调了它们对碳捕获潜力和力学性能的影响。随后，强调了功能化生物炭在建筑材料中的应用所面临的各种限制和挑战。最后，综述提出了未来优化生物炭应用的关键研究领域，旨在提高生物炭的机械性能，并最大限度地提高废物管理系统中的碳捕获。

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引用次数: 0

Machine learning approach for predicting the influence of pulverized waste tire rubber fines as a sustainable cement alternative in concrete 预测废轮胎细粉作为混凝土中可持续水泥替代品的影响的机器学习方法

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115396

A. Sofi , Praveen Nagarajan , T.S. Kumanan

The disposal of waste tires has a significant environmental impact, and there is growing interest in their integration as supplementary cementitious materials. Using recycled waste tire fines as a cementitious material can declare that rubber addition develops a practical pathway for valorising tire waste in concrete production without compromising the strength of concrete. In this study, pulverized waste tire rubber fines were incorporated as a substitute for cement at varying dosages, and their influence on the mechanical behavior of concrete was investigated. The microstructural arrangements of the waste tire concrete were examined to ensure the appropriate reactions between waste tire rubber and the rest of the materials and gelation matrix development. To compute the influence of waste tire rubber fines on the observed nonlinear pattern of experimental results, a transformed square root statistical approach was applied for the significant predictions and effect correlations. From this approach, predictive transform models C₁ and F₂ achieved better predictions with a higher significance level. The key findings are optimal rubber dosage for maintaining satisfactory mechanical properties and instigating an effective waste disposal pathway. The machine learning model results were in good association with nonlinear experimental trends and highlight the beneficial replacement range of waste tire rubber fines.

废弃轮胎的处理对环境有重大影响，人们对将其作为补充胶凝材料加以整合的兴趣日益增加。使用回收的废轮胎细粒作为胶凝材料，可以宣布橡胶添加剂开发了一种实用的途径，在不影响混凝土强度的情况下，在混凝土生产中使轮胎废料增值。本研究以不同掺量的废轮胎橡胶粉代替水泥，研究其对混凝土力学性能的影响。考察了废轮胎混凝土的微观结构安排，以确保废轮胎橡胶与其余材料之间的适当反应和胶凝基质的发展。为了计算废轮胎胶粒对观察到的实验结果非线性模式的影响，采用变换平方根统计方法进行显著预测和效应相关。通过这种方法，预测变换模型C1和F2的预测效果更好，显著性水平更高。研究的主要发现是，最佳的橡胶用量可以保持良好的力学性能，并建立了有效的废物处理途径。机器学习模型结果与非线性实验趋势具有良好的关联性，并突出了废轮胎胶粒的有益替换范围。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of air availability and straw amendment on swine manure phosphorus runoff potential 空气有效性和秸秆改良对猪粪磷径流势的影响

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115374

Wenchao Xing , Hongzhen Ma , Zhenyu Xue , Shixiao Xu , Lixin Jia , Pengxiang Xu , Danping Jiang , Fuqing Xu

Manure is a significant source of phosphorus (P) fertilizer, but its P solubility may influence both environmental impacts and fertilizer effectiveness. The transformation of P fractions in manure during long-term storage remains unclear. This study evaluated P speciation dynamics during extended swine manure storage under both unsealed and sealed conditions, and examined corn straw as an amendment to enhance P stabilization. Results showed that during unsealed conditions, Olsen-P (H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-P) concentration decreased by 16%, while Fix-P (NaOH-P + HCl-P) concentration increased by 150%, indicating the conversion of P to more stable forms. In contrast, sealed conditions had smaller effects on P concentration and solubility, with Fix-P increased by 3%. The incorporation of corn straw in unsealed system resulted in a 45% increase in total phosphorus (TP) concentration and a 12% reduction in Olsen-P, suggesting that the addition of corn straw enhanced chemical precipitation and organic complexation of P. Sealed conditions with straw amendment exhibited similar trends to those in sealed and unamended ones. Under long-term unsealed storage, soluble P in swine manure converted to more stable minerals including MgNH₄PO₄·6H₂O, Fe₃(PO₄)₂·H₂O, and AlPO₄·2H₂O, and the manure particles aggregated more. This study may provide valuable insights for developing cost-effective swine manure management practice to reduce P runoff potential.

粪肥是磷肥的重要来源，但其磷的溶解度会影响环境影响和肥料的有效性。粪便中磷组分在长期贮存过程中的转化尚不清楚。本研究评估了猪粪在非密封和密封条件下长期储存期间磷的形态动态，并考察了玉米秸秆作为增强磷稳定的添加剂。结果表明，在不密封条件下，Olsen-P （H2O-P和NaHCO3-P）浓度下降了16%，而Fix-P （NaOH-P + HCl-P）浓度增加了150%，表明P向更稳定的形态转化。封闭条件对磷浓度和溶解度的影响较小，固定磷增加了3%。玉米秸秆掺入未密封体系后，总磷（TP）浓度增加45%，奥尔森磷（Olsen-P）降低12%，表明添加玉米秸秆增强了磷的化学沉淀和有机络合作用。在长期不密封贮存条件下，猪粪中的可溶性磷转化为MgNH4PO4·6H2O、Fe3(PO4)2·H2O和AlPO4·2H2O等较为稳定的矿物质，且粪粒聚集性增强。该研究可为开发具有成本效益的猪粪管理方法以减少磷径流潜力提供有价值的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Converting source-separated organics from municipal solid waste into high-quality bio-oil and hydrogen-rich syngas through a hybrid intermediate pyrolysis system 通过混合中间热解系统将城市固体废物中的源分离有机物转化为高质量的生物油和富氢合成气。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115397

Benjamin Martinez Castellanos , Unnikrishna Menon , Neelanjan Bhattacharjee , Amit Kumar

The growing imperative for sustainable waste management and cleaner energy production has spurred global interest in advanced thermochemical processes for valorising municipal solid waste (MSW). This study investigates the thermo-catalytic reforming (TCR®) of pelletized source-separated organic (SSO) feedstock from landfill-diverted waste via a 2 kg h⁻¹ hybrid intermediate pyrolysis system to optimise yields of high-quality bio-oil and hydrogen-rich syngas. There is very limited research on thermo-catalytic reforming of SSO globally. As H₂, bio-oil, and biochar gain focus for climate mitigation, this TCR system offers balanced production of all three valuable by-products, leveraging the inherent catalytic activity of the biochar enriched with alkali and alkaline earth metals to enhance reforming reactions and H₂ yield. The research identifies optimal reactor/reformer temperatures for maximising bio-oil yield (6.20%), with the highest production observed at 500/500°C. At 500/650°C reactor/ reformer temperatures, syngas contained 36.36 vol% H₂ and 11.05 vol% CH₄, with a higher heating value (HHV) of 20.12 MJ kg⁻¹, suitable for use as feedstock in Fisher-Tropsch synthesis for chemicals or fuel production. The produced bio-oil has low viscosity (31.79 mPa s⁻¹), low aromatic hydrocarbon content, low total acid number (11.35 mg KOH g⁻¹), and reduced monocyclic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (6.02% and 15.92% at 400/650°C); biochar at optimal conditions displays low HHV and increasing inorganic content (from 6.02 to 8.89 wt%) with temperature, supporting potential soil remediation applications. These findings demonstrate that TCR® enables efficient waste-to-energy conversion and provides a scalable model for organics valorisation with potential to guide global strategies for MSW management.

可持续废物管理和清洁能源生产日益迫切，这激发了全球对城市固体废物（MSW）增值的先进热化学工艺的兴趣。本研究通过2 kg h-1混合中间热解系统，研究了从垃圾填埋场中提取颗粒状源分离有机原料（SSO）的热催化重整（TCR®），以优化高质量生物油和富氢合成气的产量。目前，国内外对单硫丙烷热催化重整的研究非常有限。随着H2、生物油和生物炭成为缓解气候变化的焦点，该TCR系统可以平衡生产所有三种有价值的副产物，利用富含碱和碱土金属的生物炭的固有催化活性来提高重整反应和H2产量。该研究确定了最大生物油收率（6.20%）的最佳反应器/重整器温度，在500/500°C时观察到最高产量。在500°C /650°C反应器/重整炉温度下，合成气中H2含量为36.36 vol%， CH4含量为11.05 vol%，热值（HHV）为20.12 MJ kg-1，适合作为化学合成或燃料生产的原料。所得生物油粘度低（31.79 mPa s-1），芳烃含量低，总酸数低（11.35 mg KOH g-1），单环芳烃和多环芳烃在400/650℃时分别减少了6.02%和15.92%；在最佳条件下，生物炭表现出较低的HHV，无机含量随温度升高而增加（从6.02 wt%增加到8.89 wt%），支持潜在的土壤修复应用。这些发现表明，TCR®实现了有效的废物能源转化，并为有机生物增值提供了一个可扩展的模型，有可能指导城市生活垃圾管理的全球战略。

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引用次数: 0

Closing the loop: A systematic review of artificial intelligence in circular e-waste management 闭环：循环电子废物管理中人工智能的系统回顾。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115392

Tala Jano , Aya Nabil Sayed , Md Mosarrof Hossen , Christos Sardianos , Ridha Hamila , Faycal Bensaali , Iraklis Varlamis , George Dimitrakopoulos

The proliferation of technological advancements, knitted with volatile consumption patterns and poor end-of-life management of discarded electronics, is currently outpacing sustainability transitions, putting increasing strain on finite material resources and heightening ecological vulnerability. This, in turn, has made electronic waste a stealth contributor to climate change with adverse impacts on the environment, economy, and society at large. This reality underscores the urgent need for a strategic shift from linear waste-disposal methods to circular pathways, where Artificial Intelligence (AI) can build more sustainable feedback loops. At the nexus of AI and circular e-waste management, this study systematically reviews 147 articles from 2019 to October 2025. The analysis reveals a steady increase in AI adoption, particularly in deep learning-based detection and classification applications. To structure the evidence from the literature, a six-tier taxonomy is proposed, encompassing AI methods, lifecycle stages, data, waste types, limitations, challenges, and future pathways and opportunities. Beyond technical interventions, systemic and operational barriers that demand strategic levers to address regulatory ambiguities, legislative gaps, managerial inefficiencies, and logistical fragmentation are elucidated. These challenges underpin data availability and generalizability, as well as the lack of standardization, interoperability gaps, and barriers to the ethical and regulatory adoption of AI. In practice, these constraints limit the development of uncertainty-aware electronic waste systems capable of functioning under realistic operational dynamics. To this end, the paper reframes AI-based systems from terminal sinks to regenerative loops, aligning technological progress with sustainable electronic waste management.

技术进步的扩散与不稳定的消费模式和废弃电子产品的不良报废管理结合在一起，目前超过了可持续性转型的速度，对有限的物质资源造成越来越大的压力，并加剧了生态脆弱性。这反过来又使电子垃圾成为气候变化的隐形贡献者，对环境、经济和整个社会产生不利影响。这一现实表明，迫切需要从线性废物处理方法转向循环途径，人工智能（AI）可以建立更可持续的反馈循环。在人工智能和循环电子废物管理的关系下，本研究系统地回顾了2019年至2025年10月的147篇文章。分析显示，人工智能的应用稳步增长，特别是在基于深度学习的检测和分类应用中。为了从文献中构建证据，提出了一个六层分类，包括人工智能方法、生命周期阶段、数据、浪费类型、限制、挑战以及未来的途径和机遇。除了技术干预之外，还阐明了需要战略杠杆来解决监管含糊不清、立法空白、管理效率低下和后勤分散等问题的系统和操作障碍。这些挑战巩固了数据的可用性和普遍性，以及缺乏标准化、互操作性差距和人工智能在伦理和监管方面的障碍。在实践中，这些制约因素限制了能够在实际操作动态下运作的不确定性电子废物系统的发展。为此，本文重新构建了基于人工智能的系统，从终端汇到再生循环，将技术进步与可持续的电子废物管理结合起来。

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引用次数: 0

Analysis of the performance of Air Pollution Control residues as CO2 sorbents in the calcium looping process 大气污染治理残留物在钙环工艺中作为CO2吸附剂的性能分析

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115390

Carmela Chianese , Alessandro Dal Pozzo , Valentina Scognamiglio , Giulia Masi , Maria Chiara Bignozzi , Valerio Cozzani

Air Pollution Control (APC) residues deriving from acid gas (HCl, HF, SO₂) removal processes are typically disposed of in hazardous waste landfills. This study explores the potential reuse of these residues as alternative CO₂ sorbents in the Calcium Looping process, leveraging their content of unreacted lime. APC residues originating from different industrial sources (waste-to-energy, ceramic, and glass plants) were subjected to multiple carbonation–calcination cycles and benchmarked against a reference hydrated lime. The observed performance was linked to the morphological and compositional variability of the residues. Ceramic APC residues exhibited an inverse correlation between CO₂ uptake and the presence of stable fluorinated and sulfated phases. The monotonic decline in CO₂ carrying capacity upon cycling was ascribed to sintering. Waste-to-energy residues displayed a more complex cyclic behavior, associated with the melting of chlorinated phases under calcination conditions and the consequent rearrangement of product layers on sorbent particles. Despite their lower performance compared to virgin hydrated lime, APC residues achieved up to 140 mg CO₂/g sorbent after 10 cycles.

从酸性气体（HCl， HF, SO2）去除过程中产生的空气污染控制（APC）残留物通常在危险废物填埋场处理。本研究探讨了这些残留物在钙环化过程中作为替代二氧化碳吸附剂的潜在再利用，利用其未反应石灰的含量。APC残留物来自不同的工业来源（废物转化为能源，陶瓷和玻璃厂），经受多次碳化-煅烧循环，并以参考水合石灰为基准。观察到的性能与残留物的形态和组成变化有关。陶瓷APC残留物在CO2吸收与稳定的氟化相和硫酸盐相之间表现出负相关关系。循环过程中CO2承载能力的单调下降归因于烧结。废物转化为能源的残留物表现出更复杂的循环行为，这与煅烧条件下氯化相的熔化以及随后在吸附剂颗粒上产品层的重排有关。尽管与原生水合石灰相比，APC的性能较低，但经过10次循环后，APC残留物的吸附剂达到了140 mg CO2/g。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic enhancement of dewatering and Co-recovery of oil and gas from oily scum via integrated Hydrothermal-Mechanical process 热液-机械一体化工艺协同强化油浮渣脱水和油气共采

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-02-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115393

Kun Tong , Qian Chen , Nana Zhang , Yuhao Yan , Zhiguo Shao , Huijun Wu , Wen Ren

To address the challenges of complex composition, high stability, and poor dewaterability of oily scum, this study applied hydrothermal treatment for its processing. The effects of reaction temperature, time, and stirring speed on dewatering performance were investigated, with flash evaporation and mechanical dewatering integrated to enhance treatment. Optimal conditions (170 °C, 30 min) achieved a dewatering efficiency of 66.64%. Analytical techniques including Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Scanning Electron Microscopy − Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), particle size analysis, and four-component analysis revealed that hydrothermal treatment converted constrained water into free water, markedly improving dewaterability. With increasing temperature, sludge particles became smaller and the surface morphology turned smoother and more compact. Recovered oil mainly contained saturates and aromatics, indicating good quality, while hydrothermal gas was rich in CO₂ and light hydrocarbons, with temperatures above 200 °C favoring hydrogen production. In summary, hydrothermal treatment not only improved the dewatering and solid conversion of oily scum but also facilitated the recovery of high-quality oil.

针对含油浮渣组成复杂、稳定性高、脱水性差等问题，采用水热法对其进行处理。研究了反应温度、时间和搅拌速度对脱水性能的影响，并采用闪蒸和机械脱水相结合的方法提高了处理效果。最佳条件（170°C, 30 min）脱水效率为66.64%。分析技术包括核磁共振（NMR）、扫描电子显微镜- x射线能谱（SEM-EDS）、粒度分析和四组分分析表明，水热处理将约束水转化为自由水，显著提高了脱水性。随着温度的升高，污泥颗粒变小，表面形貌更加光滑致密。采出油主要含饱和烃和芳烃，质量较好；热液气富含CO2和轻烃，温度在200℃以上有利于产氢。综上所述，水热处理不仅改善了油渣的脱水和固相转化，而且有利于优质油的回收。

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引用次数: 0

Landfill gas loading ramp-up strategies: Acclimatization optimization and long-term oxidation capacity of methane oxidation biosystems 垃圾填埋气体负荷提升策略：甲烷氧化生物系统的适应性优化和长期氧化能力

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115372

Jessica Leindorf de Almeida, Jacopo De Tommaso, Federico Galli, Alexandre Cabral

Methane (CH₄) emissions from landfills represent a challenge in global climate mitigation efforts. Methane oxidation biosystems (MOB) offer a low-cost solution for addressing residual and fugitive CH₄ emissions, yet the role of the acclimatization phase has not received enough attention in the technical literature. Here we optimize the acclimatization of compost-based MOBs through controlled landfill gas (LFG) ramp-up strategies. Four identical laboratory-scale columns were subjected to distinct flow increase patterns: exponential, linear, first-order-like, and constant inlet loading. The results showed that exponential and linear strategies accelerated the attainment of 100% CH₄ removal faster than the constant-flow system. Additionally, the axial gas concentration profile revealed that ramp-up strategies influenced the depth required for complete oxidation. Notably, exponential ramp-up led to full CH₄ removal within the first 50 mm of the methane oxidation layer (MOL) when actively aerated, suggesting the potential to significantly reduce its thickness in field systems. An additional 175-day column test, designed to estimate the maximum methane oxidation capacity under increasing loadings, confirmed the benefits of gradual acclimatization. By assuming that the oxidation rate follows the Michaelis–Menten model, the system achieved sustained removal efficiencies (>90%) and reached a maximum oxidation rate (

V_{\max}

) of 3811 g_CH4·m⁻³·d^-1 and a

K_{m}

of 12 g_CH4·m⁻³. These findings highlight the importance of ramp-up strategies in designing efficient and more compact MOBs that can quickly attain design loadings.

垃圾填埋场的甲烷（CH4）排放是全球减缓气候变化努力中的一个挑战。甲烷氧化生物系统（MOB）为解决残留和逸散CH4排放提供了一种低成本的解决方案，但在技术文献中，驯化阶段的作用尚未得到足够的重视。在这里，我们通过控制垃圾填埋气（LFG）增加策略来优化基于堆肥的生物的适应性。四个相同的实验室规模的柱受到不同的流量增加模式：指数，线性，一阶，和恒定的进口负荷。结果表明，指数和线性策略比恒流系统更快地达到100%的CH4去除率。此外，轴向气体浓度曲线显示，加速策略会影响完全氧化所需的深度。值得注意的是，当主动曝气时，指数上升导致在甲烷氧化层（MOL）的前50 mm内完全去除CH4，这表明在现场系统中可以显着降低其厚度。另外进行了一项为期175天的色谱柱测试，旨在评估在增加负荷下的最大甲烷氧化能力，结果证实了逐渐适应环境的好处。假设氧化速率符合Michaelis-Menten模型，系统获得了持续的去除效率（>90%），最大氧化速率（Vmax）为3811 gCH4·m−3·d-1， Km为12 gCH4·m−3。这些发现强调了加速策略在设计更高效、更紧凑的mob时的重要性，这些mob可以快速达到设计负载。

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引用次数: 0

Nutrient recovery from Co-Hydrothermal carbonization of animal manures: Synergistic effects on hydrochar properties and agronomic potential 动物粪便共热炭化的养分回收：对碳氢化合物性质和农艺潜力的协同效应

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115391

Bilash Devnath , Sami Khanal , Ajay Shah , Toufiq Reza

This study evaluates the effects of co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) of poultry (PM), dairy (DM), and swine manure (SM) at 180, 220, and 260 °C on hydrochar yield, nutrient recovery, phytotoxicity, and heavy metal retention. Co-HTC of PM with DM (PMDM) and PM with SM (PMSM) were assessed for synergistic effects by comparing observed values to predicted additive outcomes based on individual HTC data. Hydrochar yield decreased with increasing temperature across all treatments; however, PMSM and PMDM exhibited synergistic enhancement in yield at 180 °C (synergistic coefficient: 1.13–1.23). Elemental analysis indicated that nitrogen retention was maximized in PMDM hydrochars (4.71 ± 0.61% N at 180 °C), while PMSM hydrochars exhibited superior retention of phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. Most potassium leached into the co-HTC process liquid. Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Ni) were effectively immobilized, with Co-HTC resulting in lower concentrations of Mo, Pb, and Cr compared to individual HTC. Seed germination index (GI), used to assess phytotoxicity, revealed temperature- and feedstock dependent trends, with PMSM hydrochar produced at 180 °C achieving the highest GI (140.91 ± 7.05%), indicating synergistic reduction in phytotoxicity. These findings demonstrate that Co-HTC can optimize recovery of nutrients into hydrochar and enhance the agronomic and environmental quality of hydrochars through tailored feedstock interactions and process tuning.

本研究评估了在180、220和260℃条件下，对家禽（PM）、奶牛（DM）和猪粪（SM）进行共水热碳化（Co-HTC）对碳氢化合物产量、养分回收、植物毒性和重金属滞留的影响。通过比较观察值与基于个体HTC数据的预测相加结果，评估PM合并DM （PMDM）和PM合并SM （PMSM）的Co-HTC的协同效应。在所有处理过程中，烃类产量随温度升高而降低；而在180°C时，PMSM和PMDM具有协同增效作用（协同系数为1.13 ~ 1.23）。元素分析表明，在180°C时，PMDM水炭的氮保留率最高（4.71±0.61% N），而PMSM水炭的磷、镁和钙保留率较高。大多数钾浸出到co-HTC工艺液中。重金属（Zn、Cu和Ni）被有效地固定化，与单独的HTC相比，Co-HTC导致Mo、Pb和Cr的浓度更低。用于评估植物毒性的种子萌发指数（GI）显示了温度和原料依赖的趋势，180°C生产的PMSM水合物的GI最高（140.91±7.05%），表明植物毒性协同降低。这些发现表明，Co-HTC可以通过定制的原料相互作用和工艺调整，优化营养物质向碳氢化合物的回收，提高碳氢化合物的农艺和环境质量。

{"title":"Nutrient recovery from Co-Hydrothermal carbonization of animal manures: Synergistic effects on hydrochar properties and agronomic potential","authors":"Bilash Devnath , Sami Khanal , Ajay Shah , Toufiq Reza","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluates the effects of co-hydrothermal carbonization (Co-HTC) of poultry (PM), dairy (DM), and swine manure (SM) at 180, 220, and 260 °C on hydrochar yield, nutrient recovery, phytotoxicity, and heavy metal retention. Co-HTC of PM with DM (PMDM) and PM with SM (PMSM) were assessed for synergistic effects by comparing observed values to predicted additive outcomes based on individual HTC data. Hydrochar yield decreased with increasing temperature across all treatments; however, PMSM and PMDM exhibited synergistic enhancement in yield at 180 °C (synergistic coefficient: 1.13–1.23). Elemental analysis indicated that nitrogen retention was maximized in PMDM hydrochars (4.71 ± 0.61% N at 180 °C), while PMSM hydrochars exhibited superior retention of phosphorus, magnesium, and calcium. Most potassium leached into the co-HTC process liquid. Heavy metals (Zn, Cu, and Ni) were effectively immobilized, with Co-HTC resulting in lower concentrations of Mo, Pb, and Cr compared to individual HTC. Seed germination index (GI), used to assess phytotoxicity, revealed temperature- and feedstock dependent trends, with PMSM hydrochar produced at 180 °C achieving the highest GI (140.91 ± 7.05%), indicating synergistic reduction in phytotoxicity. These findings demonstrate that Co-HTC can optimize recovery of nutrients into hydrochar and enhance the agronomic and environmental quality of hydrochars through tailored feedstock interactions and process tuning.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 115391"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146080094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical analysis of literature on landfill gas collection efficiency and its application to emissions estimates 垃圾填埋气体收集效率及其在排放估算中的应用文献的批判性分析

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115353

Caroline J. Saul , Paul T. Imhoff , Yixuan Wang , Morton A. Barlaz

Landfills are considered the third largest source of anthropogenic methane emissions in the U.S. and there is considerable interest in estimating emissions from individual landfills. Collection efficiency (CE) or methane collection index (MCI) is used in models to estimate emissions. The objective of this review is to critically analyze literature describing measured CEs and MCIs. Reported values ranged from 14 to 95% for intermediate covers and 53–100% for final covers. Many factors contribute to the ranges including: covers were classified as intermediate or final which is overly simplistic; variability in operational factors (e.g., well coverage, maintenance quality); waste characteristics such as age, composition, and mass in place which influence methane generation and likely collection; and uncertainty in emissions measurements and sometimes collected methane. A desired outcome of this review was to recommend values or ranges for intermediate and final covers that could be used in methane emissions models as applied to U.S. landfills. Such a recommendation is difficult considering the ranges reported in the literature and numerous site-specific factors that influence methane collection. Ultimately, each reported measurement is valid for a specific landfill at a specific time. Models that relate cover type and operational variables to MCI would best support estimation of a site-specific MCI, but such models are not available. Based on this review, the authors do not recommend a specific value for the MCI for an intermediate or final cover but rather expect the operator to select a value considering factors applicable to their landfill and the information presented here.

垃圾填埋场被认为是美国人为甲烷排放的第三大来源，对估算单个垃圾填埋场的排放量有着相当大的兴趣。在模型中使用收集效率（CE）或甲烷收集指数（MCI）来估计排放量。本综述的目的是批判性地分析描述测量ce和MCIs的文献。中期覆盖的报告值为14 - 95%，最终覆盖的报告值为53-100%。许多因素影响范围，包括：覆盖被分类为中间或最终，这过于简单；操作因素的可变性（例如，井的覆盖范围、维护质量）；影响甲烷产生和可能收集的废物特性，如年龄、成分和质量；排放测量的不确定性和有时收集的甲烷。这项审查的预期结果是推荐中间和最终覆盖的值或范围，可用于适用于美国垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放模型。考虑到文献中报道的范围和影响甲烷收集的许多特定地点因素，这样的建议是困难的。最终，每个报告的测量值在特定时间对特定垃圾填埋场有效。将覆盖类型和操作变量与MCI联系起来的模型将最好地支持对特定地点MCI的估计，但是没有这样的模型。基于这一综述，作者不推荐中间或最终覆盖层的MCI的具体值，而是希望运营商考虑适用于其垃圾填埋场的因素和本文提供的信息来选择一个值。

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引用次数: 0