Waste management最新文献_第5页

A machine learning approach to feature selection and uncertainty analysis for biogas production in wastewater treatment plants

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.034

Mahsa Samkhaniani , Shabnam Sadri Moghaddam , Hassan Mesghali , Amirhossein Ghajari , Nima Gozalpour

The growing demand for efficient waste management solutions and renewable energy sources has driven research into predicting biogas production at wastewater treatment plants. This study outlines a methodology starting with data collection from a full-scale plant, followed by detailed analysis to resolve potential issues. A notable advancement is the use of a robust machine learning model, fine-tuned with advanced optimization techniques. To enhance its utility, prediction intervals were incorporated to quantify uncertainty, providing decision-makers with reliable insights. Results revealed that the developed model performed well, explaining 82% of the variability in test data and delivering predictions closely aligned with actual biogas production. This reliability empowers more confident decision-making in wastewater treatment operations. The study also identified key factors influencing biogas output, categorizing them into sludge characteristics, operational practices, and sludge quantity. By focusing on most important adjustable parameters, operators can optimize processes and significantly improve biogas yields. This predictive capability, combined with an understanding of influencing factors and quantified reliability, offers notable advantages. It enables operators to enhance biogas production while providing decision-makers with reliable predictions to guide policy and resource management. These developments contribute to more sustainable and efficient waste management practices.

{"title":"A machine learning approach to feature selection and uncertainty analysis for biogas production in wastewater treatment plants","authors":"Mahsa Samkhaniani , Shabnam Sadri Moghaddam , Hassan Mesghali , Amirhossein Ghajari , Nima Gozalpour","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for efficient waste management solutions and renewable energy sources has driven research into predicting biogas production at wastewater treatment plants. This study outlines a methodology starting with data collection from a full-scale plant, followed by detailed analysis to resolve potential issues. A notable advancement is the use of a robust machine learning model, fine-tuned with advanced optimization techniques. To enhance its utility, prediction intervals were incorporated to quantify uncertainty, providing decision-makers with reliable insights. Results revealed that the developed model performed well, explaining 82% of the variability in test data and delivering predictions closely aligned with actual biogas production. This reliability empowers more confident decision-making in wastewater treatment operations. The study also identified key factors influencing biogas output, categorizing them intosludge characteristics, operational practices, and sludge quantity. By focusing on most important adjustable parameters, operators can optimize processes and significantly improve biogas yields. This predictive capability, combined with an understanding of influencing factors and quantified reliability, offers notable advantages. It enables operators to enhance biogas production while providing decision-makers with reliable predictions to guide policy and resource management. These developments contribute to more sustainable and efficient waste management practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"197 ","pages":"Pages 14-24"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evaluation of long-term leaching of a full-scale carriageway using treated incineration bottom ash as subbase material

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.031

Wei Wei , Qian Liu , Zhibo Zhang , Grzegorz Lisak , Ke Yin , Xunchang Fei

Leaching of hazardous substances, particularly heavy metals, from incineration bottom ash (IBA) presents a significant challenge for its utilization in construction. Laboratory leaching tests are commonly used to assess the environmental compliance of IBA; however, they are conducted under controlled conditions that do not directly simulate real field situations, which lead to discrepancies between laboratory results and field monitoring due to the lack of robust linking with material- and site-specific parameters. This can lead to misjudgment of risks or unnecessary precautions. This study evaluates the long-term leaching behavior of a full-scale carriageway using IBA as a subbase material through a release model based on laboratory leaching tests. Column leaching and compacted granular leaching tests were conducted to simulate percolation- and diffusion-controlled scenarios. Additionally, the interaction between the underlying reclaimed sand (hereafter referred to as “engineered soil”) and IBA leachate was studied, considering the buffering capacity of the vadose zone to prevent the transport of elements to groundwater. A one-dimensional advection–dispersion transport model, incorporating site-specific parameters, was applied to assess the potential threat to groundwater over time. The release and transport models were combined to reflect progressive changes in source terms and arrival at the groundwater table. Various geochemical and hydrogeological parameters were determined through laboratory testing, field monitoring, and data collection to strengthen the model. The simulation spans from 100 to over 10,000 years, depending on soil retardation, and fully covers the typical lifespan of a road. Results indicated that metal elements may be influenced by different leaching scenarios, suggesting that appropriate measures can reduce leaching potential. Additionally, enhancing soil attenuation is crucial in slowing the transport of elements to groundwater.

{"title":"Evaluation of long-term leaching of a full-scale carriageway using treated incineration bottom ash as subbase material","authors":"Wei Wei , Qian Liu , Zhibo Zhang , Grzegorz Lisak , Ke Yin , Xunchang Fei","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leaching of hazardous substances, particularly heavy metals, from incineration bottom ash (IBA) presents a significant challenge for its utilization in construction. Laboratory leaching tests are commonly used to assess the environmental compliance of IBA; however, they are conducted under controlled conditions that do not directly simulate real field situations, which lead to discrepancies between laboratory results and field monitoring due to the lack of robust linking with material- and site-specific parameters. This can lead to misjudgment of risks or unnecessary precautions. This study evaluates the long-term leaching behavior of a full-scale carriageway using IBA as a subbase material through a release model based on laboratory leaching tests. Column leaching and compacted granular leaching tests were conducted to simulate percolation- and diffusion-controlled scenarios. Additionally, the interaction between the underlying reclaimed sand (hereafter referred to as “engineered soil”) and IBA leachate was studied, considering the buffering capacity of the vadose zone to prevent the transport of elements to groundwater. A one-dimensional advection–dispersion transport model, incorporating site-specific parameters, was applied to assess the potential threat to groundwater over time. The release and transport models were combined to reflect progressive changes in source terms and arrival at the groundwater table. Various geochemical and hydrogeological parameters were determined through laboratory testing, field monitoring, and data collection to strengthen the model. The simulation spans from 100 to over 10,000 years, depending on soil retardation, and fully covers the typical lifespan of a road. Results indicated that metal elements may be influenced by different leaching scenarios, suggesting that appropriate measures can reduce leaching potential. Additionally, enhancing soil attenuation is crucial in slowing the transport of elements to groundwater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 80-92"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143453585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bio-contaminated plastic micropipette tip sterilization stations: Environmentally, economically, and energetically viable solution

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.004

Arian Veyssi , Laxmicharan Samineni , Rashmi P. Mohanty

Bioscientific research laboratories significantly contribute to global plastic waste production through their use of plastic products, such as single-use micropipette tips. Biologically contaminated pipette tips must undergo several washing and sterilization steps before being reused or recycled. There is a dearth of available research studying the feasibility of pipette tip washing and sterilization in research laboratories. While automated tip-washing systems are available commercially for tip decontamination and reuse, the high initial purchasing cost of these washing stations and concerns related to washing efficiency deter many research laboratories from incorporating them. To mitigate these concerns, considering the University of Texas at Austin as an example, we performed a cost-benefit analysis of employing a university-wide pipette tip washing station. We estimated that only a single-time reuse of pipette tips could result in a 100% return on investment from the equipment. Additionally, preliminary analysis shows that pipette tip recycling can result in significant energy and water savings. With pilot experiments, we replicated UV-based decontamination steps employed by the commercial equipment and found the washing to be 100% efficient in sterilizing pipette tips contaminated with bacteriophage, DNA, and RNA. Decontaminated pipette tips were used to conduct phage quantification to demonstrate the feasibility of reuse for biological assays. Finally, we proposed an alternative autoclave-based sterilization method that can be used in individual research labs to decontaminate pipette tips. We found autoclave-based washing to be 100% efficient in sterilizing pipette tips contaminated with bacteriophage, whereas it is not efficient enough to decontaminate DNA and RNA.

{"title":"Bio-contaminated plastic micropipette tip sterilization stations: Environmentally, economically, and energetically viable solution","authors":"Arian Veyssi , Laxmicharan Samineni , Rashmi P. Mohanty","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioscientific research laboratories significantly contribute to global plastic waste production through their use of plastic products, such as single-use micropipette tips. Biologically contaminated pipette tips must undergo several washing and sterilization steps before being reused or recycled. There is a dearth of available research studying the feasibility of pipette tip washing and sterilization in research laboratories. While automated tip-washing systems are available commercially for tip decontamination and reuse, the high initial purchasing cost of these washing stations and concerns related to washing efficiency deter many research laboratories from incorporating them. To mitigate these concerns, considering the University of Texas at Austin as an example, we performed a cost-benefit analysis of employing a university-wide pipette tip washing station. We estimated that only a single-time reuse of pipette tips could result in a 100% return on investment from the equipment. Additionally, preliminary analysis shows that pipette tip recycling can result in significant energy and water savings. With pilot experiments, we replicated UV-based decontamination steps employed by the commercial equipment and found the washing to be 100% efficient in sterilizing pipette tips contaminated with bacteriophage, DNA, and RNA. Decontaminated pipette tips were used to conduct phage quantification to demonstrate the feasibility of reuse for biological assays. Finally, we proposed an alternative autoclave-based sterilization method that can be used in individual research labs to decontaminate pipette tips. We found autoclave-based washing to be 100% efficient in sterilizing pipette tips contaminated with bacteriophage, whereas it is not efficient enough to decontaminate DNA and RNA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 71-79"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm to solve a bi-level medical waste location-routing problem with infection control

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.016

Chu Tang , Qu Wei , Dongqing Zhang , Jinan Sun , Guido Perboli , Zhaoxia Guo , Kang Li

The rapid urbanization and population growth in major cities worldwide have led to a significant increase in medical waste generation, often containing infectious materials that require stringent handling protocols. To address the complexity of vehicle allocation and routing in this context, efficient planning methods are essential. This study introduces a comprehensive approach to the medical waste location-routing problem, incorporating multiple practical constraints such as vehicle capacity, hospital classification, infection risks, and time-window restrictions. Our novel solution integrates an exact algorithm for optimizing transfer center locations and collection routes at the upper level, combined with an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (IALNS) for routing optimization at the lower level. The IALNS leverages enhanced neighborhood exploration techniques and Pareto ranking with reward adjustment method to balance total cost and infection risk. Simulations based on real-world data from Chengdu, China, validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, comparisons with Gurobi and other representative metaheuristic algorithms on randomly generated instances and benchmark datasets further demonstrate the superior efficiency and solution quality of the IALNS algorithm. This research provides government authorities with a practical and robust strategy for transporting infectious medical waste, enhancing both operational efficiency and public health safety.

{"title":"An improved adaptive large neighborhood search algorithm to solve a bi-level medical waste location-routing problem with infection control","authors":"Chu Tang , Qu Wei , Dongqing Zhang , Jinan Sun , Guido Perboli , Zhaoxia Guo , Kang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid urbanization and population growth in major cities worldwide have led to a significant increase in medical waste generation, often containing infectious materials that require stringent handling protocols. To address the complexity of vehicle allocation and routing in this context, efficient planning methods are essential. This study introduces a comprehensive approach to the medical waste location-routing problem, incorporating multiple practical constraints such as vehicle capacity, hospital classification, infection risks, and time-window restrictions. Our novel solution integrates an exact algorithm for optimizing transfer center locations and collection routes at the upper level, combined with an improved adaptive large neighborhood search (IALNS) for routing optimization at the lower level. The IALNS leverages enhanced neighborhood exploration techniques and Pareto ranking with reward adjustment method to balance total cost and infection risk. Simulations based on real-world data from Chengdu, China, validate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Additionally, comparisons with Gurobi and other representative metaheuristic algorithms on randomly generated instances and benchmark datasets further demonstrate the superior efficiency and solution quality of the IALNS algorithm. This research provides government authorities with a practical and robust strategy for transporting infectious medical waste, enhancing both operational efficiency and public health safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"197 ","pages":"Pages 1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classification and predictive leaching risk assessment of construction and demolition waste using multivariate statistical and machine learning analyses

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.033

Andrea Bisciotti , Valentina Brombin , Yu Song , Gianluca Bianchini , Giuseppe Cruciani

Managing construction and demolition waste (CDW) poses serious concerns regarding landfilling and recycling because of the potential release of hazardous elements after leaching. Ceramic materials such as bricks, tiles, and porcelain account for more than 70% of CDW. Fourteen samples of different CDW products from Ferrara (Northeast Italy) were subjected to geochemical analyses, including leaching tests, in accordance with UNI EN 12457–2. The interaction between ceramics and concrete was examined, highlighting the influence of mixed environments on the leaching behavior. Results were compared with an extensive database of more than 150 samples collected from the literature on different CDW types worldwide. Multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning were used to classify the CDW compositions based on the bulk chemical data. Various metrics—contaminant factors (C_f and C_d) and hazardous quotients (HQ and HQ_m)—were introduced to quantify the key environmental hazards of leachates. The results of this study underscore the potential of the proposed approaches in automating CDW classification and predicting C_f and HQ using only the starting bulk chemical composition. The findings enhance CDW management practices and support sustainability efforts in the construction industry.

{"title":"Classification and predictive leaching risk assessment of construction and demolition waste using multivariate statistical and machine learning analyses","authors":"Andrea Bisciotti , Valentina Brombin , Yu Song , Gianluca Bianchini , Giuseppe Cruciani","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.033","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.033","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Managing construction and demolition waste (CDW) poses serious concerns regarding landfilling and recycling because of the potential release of hazardous elements after leaching. Ceramic materials such as bricks, tiles, and porcelain account for more than 70% of CDW. Fourteen samples of different CDW products from Ferrara (Northeast Italy) were subjected to geochemical analyses, including leaching tests, in accordance with UNI EN 12457–2. The interaction between ceramics and concrete was examined, highlighting the influence of mixed environments on the leaching behavior. Results were compared with an extensive database of more than 150 samples collected from the literature on different CDW types worldwide. Multivariate statistical analysis and machine learning were used to classify the CDW compositions based on the bulk chemical data. Various metrics—contaminant factors (C<sub>f</sub> and C<sub>d</sub>) and hazardous quotients (HQ and HQ<sub>m</sub>)—were introduced to quantify the key environmental hazards of leachates. The results of this study underscore the potential of the proposed approaches in automating CDW classification and predicting C<sub>f</sub> and HQ using only the starting bulk chemical composition. The findings enhance CDW management practices and support sustainability efforts in the construction industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 60-70"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative evaluation of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge thermal products via magnesium ammonium phosphate and hydroxyapatite methods

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.023

Aijia Zhang, Xinyi Luo, Jing Liu, Yingju Yang, Yu Qiao

Shortage of phosphorus resource has become a global concern. Due to the high phosphorus content in sewage sludge, phosphorus recovery can be realized from thermal products of sewage sludge. Phosphorus recovery performance of smoldering ash (SA), incineration ash (IA) and pyrolysis char (PC) was investigated. The precipitate rate of phosphorus in acid and alkali leaching solutions is over 94 % by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) methods. For MAP method, the recovered P contents in the precipitations of SA, IA and PC are 23.25 ± 0.35, 31.71 ± 0.79 and 23.76 ± 0.24 mg/g, respectively. For HAP recovery, the phosphorus contents per unit mass of precipitated products are lower than that by MAP, ranging from 13.67 ± 0.10 to 22.89 ± 0.34 mg/g. The purity of the recovered products was evaluated based on the contents of major elements and heavy metals in recovered products. Most of major elements and heavy metals can coprecipitate with phosphorus in the recovery products by acid leaching-MAP method. Due to the low impurity content in the alkali leaching solution and insolubility of most heavy metals in it, the products recovered by alkali leaching-HAP shows higher purity than that by acid leaching-MAP method. The phosphorus recovery performance, reagent consumption and purity of recovered products of the two methods were compared. Acid leaching-MAP recovery is optimal for IA due to its highest P recovery and purity, with lower reagent consumption compared to alkali leaching-HAP. For SA and PC, alkali leaching-HAP recovery is preferable due to its higher P recovery purity and market price of hydroxyapatite products.

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge thermal products via magnesium ammonium phosphate and hydroxyapatite methods","authors":"Aijia Zhang, Xinyi Luo, Jing Liu, Yingju Yang, Yu Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shortage of phosphorus resource has become a global concern. Due to the high phosphorus content in sewage sludge, phosphorus recovery can be realized from thermal products of sewage sludge. Phosphorus recovery performance of smoldering ash (SA), incineration ash (IA) and pyrolysis char (PC) was investigated. The precipitate rate of phosphorus in acid and alkali leaching solutions is over 94 % by magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) and hydroxyapatite (HAP) methods. For MAP method, the recovered P contents in the precipitations of SA, IA and PC are 23.25 ± 0.35, 31.71 ± 0.79 and 23.76 ± 0.24 mg/g, respectively. For HAP recovery, the phosphorus contents per unit mass of precipitated products are lower than that by MAP, ranging from 13.67 ± 0.10 to 22.89 ± 0.34 mg/g. The purity of the recovered products was evaluated based on the contents of major elements and heavy metals in recovered products. Most of major elements and heavy metals can coprecipitate with phosphorus in the recovery products by acid leaching-MAP method. Due to the low impurity content in the alkali leaching solution and insolubility of most heavy metals in it, the products recovered by alkali leaching-HAP shows higher purity than that by acid leaching-MAP method. The phosphorus recovery performance, reagent consumption and purity of recovered products of the two methods were compared. Acid leaching-MAP recovery is optimal for IA due to its highest P recovery and purity, with lower reagent consumption compared to alkali leaching-HAP. For SA and PC, alkali leaching-HAP recovery is preferable due to its higher P recovery purity and market price of hydroxyapatite products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 51-59"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel method of accounting for plastic packaging waste

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.022

Henna Jylhä, Annika Johansson, Jaana Sorvari, Jani Salminen

The European Union (EU) has set itself the goal of becoming a resource-efficient circular economy. It has therefore begun tackling its increasing amounts of packaging waste using both regulations and strategies, with member countries aiming to increase their recycling rates for plastic packaging to 55% by 2030. However, the EU member states have different methods for collecting data on waste recycling rates, which makes it difficult to compare their performance in reaching that target. This article introduces a method to compile industry-specific accounting of plastic packaging, using the Finnish economy as an example. The method combines packaging data from the extended producer responsibility scheme with standard economic statistics, thus enabling the calculation of transparent estimates of the total amount of plastic packaging placed on the market. It also provides data for sector-specific waste management strategies that are aimed at achieving higher packaging material recycling rates. The method is compared to an approach based on waste analysis, demonstrating that results using packaging placed on the market are more reliable. The available data is also linked to generalisations in composition studies that have their own uncertainties.

{"title":"A novel method of accounting for plastic packaging waste","authors":"Henna Jylhä, Annika Johansson, Jaana Sorvari, Jani Salminen","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The European Union (EU) has set itself the goal of becoming a resource-efficient circular economy. It has therefore begun tackling its increasing amounts of packaging waste using both regulations and strategies, with member countries aiming to increase their recycling rates for plastic packaging to 55% by 2030. However, the EU member states have different methods for collecting data on waste recycling rates, which makes it difficult to compare their performance in reaching that target. This article introduces a method to compile industry-specific accounting of plastic packaging, using the Finnish economy as an example. The method combines packaging data from the extended producer responsibility scheme with standard economic statistics, thus enabling the calculation of transparent estimates of the total amount of plastic packaging placed on the market. It also provides data for sector-specific waste management strategies that are aimed at achieving higher packaging material recycling rates. The method is compared to an approach based on waste analysis, demonstrating that results using packaging placed on the market are more reliable. The available data is also linked to generalisations in composition studies that have their own uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 42-50"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143438046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Identifying plastic materials in post-consumer food containers and packaging waste using terahertz spectroscopy and machine learning

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.018

Kazuaki Okubo , Gaku Manago , Tadao Tanabe , Jeongsoo Yu , Xiaoyue Liu , Tetsuo Sasaki

Accurate identification of plastic materials from post-consumer food container and packaging waste is crucial for enhancing the purity and added value of recycled materials, thereby promoting recycling and addressing the issue of plastic pollution. However, the diverse characteristics of post-consumer plastics—such as variations in shape and additives—cause variations in spectral features like transmittance, even within the same material type. In this study, we combined near-infrared (NIR) and terahertz (THz) spectroscopies with machine learning (ML) techniques, specifically XGBoost and Bayesian optimization, to accurately identify transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET), transparent polystyrene (PS), and black PS. We achieved a precision score exceeding 90%. Furthermore, using explainable AI (XAI) techniques, we evaluated the roles of NIR and THz waves in distinguishing between these plastics. We found that transmittance measured at a frequency of 0.140 THz was effective for identifying transparent PS, while the transmittance at 0.075 THz was crucial for identifying transparent PET. Additionally, NIR spectroscopy proved to be highly effective in distinguishing black PS from transparent plastics. Our findings indicate that the significance of THz frequencies varies depending on the material, highlighting that the identification technology developed in this study not only complements widely used NIR spectroscopy but also offers valuable insights into selecting effective frequencies for high-precision identification systems. Additionally, we discuss potential directions for further research to advance identification systems utilizing THz spectroscopy and ML techniques based on these findings.

{"title":"Identifying plastic materials in post-consumer food containers and packaging waste using terahertz spectroscopy and machine learning","authors":"Kazuaki Okubo , Gaku Manago , Tadao Tanabe , Jeongsoo Yu , Xiaoyue Liu , Tetsuo Sasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate identification of plastic materials from post-consumer food container and packaging waste is crucial for enhancing the purity and added value of recycled materials, thereby promoting recycling and addressing the issue of plastic pollution. However, the diverse characteristics of post-consumer plastics—such as variations in shape and additives—cause variations in spectral features like transmittance, even within the same material type. In this study, we combined near-infrared (NIR) and terahertz (THz) spectroscopies with machine learning (ML) techniques, specifically XGBoost and Bayesian optimization, to accurately identify transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET), transparent polystyrene (PS), and black PS. We achieved a precision score exceeding 90%. Furthermore, using explainable AI (XAI) techniques, we evaluated the roles of NIR and THz waves in distinguishing between these plastics. We found that transmittance measured at a frequency of 0.140 THz was effective for identifying transparent PS, while the transmittance at 0.075 THz was crucial for identifying transparent PET. Additionally, NIR spectroscopy proved to be highly effective in distinguishing black PS from transparent plastics. Our findings indicate that the significance of THz frequencies varies depending on the material, highlighting that the identification technology developed in this study not only complements widely used NIR spectroscopy but also offers valuable insights into selecting effective frequencies for high-precision identification systems. Additionally, we discuss potential directions for further research to advance identification systems utilizing THz spectroscopy and ML techniques based on these findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 32-41"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143427802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrothermally-targeted synthesis of Al-substituted tobermorite using MSWI fly ash with industrial SiO2 for potentially high-quality utilization

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.026

Xinlong Chen , Deli Wu , Bo Yang , Xiaofeng Gao , Xunchang Fei , Hongping He

Al-substituted tobermorite (TOB) can be synthesized as a value-added product through hydrothermal treatment (HT) using incineration fly ash (IFA) with an exogenous additive. However, extreme conditions and low purity limit its further use. To solve these issues, we explored the potential of industrial SiO₂ (i-SiO₂) in synthesizing Al-substituted TOB using IFA from two megacities: Shanghai (IFA-H) and Shenzhen (IFA-Z). Results showed that vast majority of Ca, Si, and Al in IFA and i-SiO₂ can be converted into Al-substituted TOB, allowing for targeted synthesis with low i-SiO₂ mass. Besides, the experimental condition, e.g., 0.4 mol/L of NaOH concentration, 160 °C of reaction temperature, and 24 h of reaction time, appears to be milder than the previous relevant studies. Both Al-substituted TOBs had Cl⁻ contents below 5.0 wt%, and total immobilization efficiencies for typical heavy metals exceeded 98.0 wt%. The cation exchange capacities (CECs) for Al-substituted TOBs from IFA-H and IFA-Z were 424.0 cmol/kg and 241.3 cmol/kg, respectively, comparable to commercial zeolite and indicating potential for high-quality use. The higher CEC of the Al-substituted TOB from IFA-H may be due to its higher Cl⁻ content. The HT solution, rich in Cl⁻, can be reused. The HT process utilizing i-SiO₂ can reduce economic cost by nearly half compared to current resource utilization approach. This study aims to enhance the resource utilization of IFA.

{"title":"Hydrothermally-targeted synthesis of Al-substituted tobermorite using MSWI fly ash with industrial SiO2 for potentially high-quality utilization","authors":"Xinlong Chen , Deli Wu , Bo Yang , Xiaofeng Gao , Xunchang Fei , Hongping He","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Al-substituted tobermorite (TOB) can be synthesized as a value-added product through hydrothermal treatment (HT) using incineration fly ash (IFA) with an exogenous additive. However, extreme conditions and low purity limit its further use. To solve these issues, we explored the potential of industrial SiO<sub>2</sub> (i-SiO<sub>2</sub>) in synthesizing Al-substituted TOB using IFA from two megacities: Shanghai (IFA-H) and Shenzhen (IFA-Z). Results showed that vast majority of Ca, Si, and Al in IFA and i-SiO<sub>2</sub> can be converted into Al-substituted TOB, allowing for targeted synthesis with low i-SiO<sub>2</sub> mass. Besides, the experimental condition, e.g., 0.4 mol/L of NaOH concentration, 160 °C of reaction temperature, and 24 h of reaction time, appears to be milder than the previous relevant studies. Both Al-substituted TOBs had Cl<sup>−</sup> contents below 5.0 wt%, and total immobilization efficiencies for typical heavy metals exceeded 98.0 wt%. The cation exchange capacities (CECs) for Al-substituted TOBs from IFA-H and IFA-Z were 424.0 cmol/kg and 241.3 cmol/kg, respectively, comparable to commercial zeolite and indicating potential for high-quality use. The higher CEC of the Al-substituted TOB from IFA-H may be due to its higher Cl<sup>−</sup> content. The HT solution, rich in Cl<sup>−</sup>, can be reused. The HT process utilizing i-SiO<sub>2</sub> can reduce economic cost by nearly half compared to current resource utilization approach. This study aims to enhance the resource utilization of IFA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 22-31"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effect of desiccation cracks on water infiltration in landfill cover under extreme climate scenarios

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2025-02-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.021

Arwan Apriyono , Yuliana Yuliana , Viroon Kamchoom , Anthony Kwan Leung , Apiniti Jotisankasa , Zhan Liangtong

Predicting water infiltration in clay poses a significant challenge, primarily due to the presence of desiccation cracks, which are amplified by extreme climate. Accurate methods for calculating water infiltration, considering crack variations under extreme climates are essential especially for landfill covers. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between crack intensity factor (CIF) and water infiltration in high-plasticity clay, focusing on seasonal changes and extreme climate conditions. A series of double-ring infiltration tests was conducted in the field to observe the impact of desiccation cracks on water infiltration. Subsequently, a modified Green–Ampt method incorporating CIF was developed and validated against these field test results to improve water infiltration predictions. This study revealed that the maximum CIF was notably higher in the second dry season (11.4 %) than that in the first one (8.1 %), indicating soil structural degradation. An exponential correlation was observed between increased CIF and infiltration rates, attributed to cracks creating preferential pathways. In extreme climate scenarios, CIF increases could surpass 15 %, potentially elevating soil’s saturated hydraulic conductivity (K_s) by over 85 % relative to current climate conditions.

{"title":"The effect of desiccation cracks on water infiltration in landfill cover under extreme climate scenarios","authors":"Arwan Apriyono , Yuliana Yuliana , Viroon Kamchoom , Anthony Kwan Leung , Apiniti Jotisankasa , Zhan Liangtong","doi":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wasman.2025.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predicting water infiltration in clay poses a significant challenge, primarily due to the presence of desiccation cracks, which are amplified by extreme climate. Accurate methods for calculating water infiltration, considering crack variations under extreme climates are essential especially for landfill covers. The objective of this study is to explore the relationship between crack intensity factor (CIF) and water infiltration in high-plasticity clay, focusing on seasonal changes and extreme climate conditions. A series of double-ring infiltration tests was conducted in the field to observe the impact of desiccation cracks on water infiltration. Subsequently, a modified Green–Ampt method incorporating CIF was developed and validated against these field test results to improve water infiltration predictions. This study revealed that the maximum CIF was notably higher in the second dry season (11.4 %) than that in the first one (8.1 %), indicating soil structural degradation. An exponential correlation was observed between increased CIF and infiltration rates, attributed to cracks creating preferential pathways. In extreme climate scenarios, CIF increases could surpass 15 %, potentially elevating soil’s saturated hydraulic conductivity (K<sub>s</sub>) by over 85 % relative to current climate conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23969,"journal":{"name":"Waste management","volume":"196 ","pages":"Pages 10-21"},"PeriodicalIF":7.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143421552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0