Waste management最新文献_第5页

Strategic purification and activation of waste-tire-derived pyrolytic carbon black for enhanced natural rubber reinforcement: Mechanistic insights and practical considerations 用于增强天然橡胶增强的废轮胎衍生热解炭黑的战略纯化和活化：机理见解和实际考虑

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115358

Longfei Xie , Ping Zhou , Xiaoyan Chen , Pei-Gao Duan

This study systematically investigated the reinforcement mechanisms of waste-tire-derived pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) in natural rubber (NR) composites at the component level through controlled demineralization strategies and modification treatments. This study identifies three main findings. First, SiO₂ acts as a rigid structural skeleton that improves filler polarity and interfacial bonding, increasing the tensile strength by 16.8% (21.39 MPa) and the modulus M300 by 9.77 MPa. Second, ZnS negatively impacts composite performance by inducing stress concentration and weakening adhesion; its removal markedly improves the mechanical strength. Third, KOH activation increases the mesopore surface area from 36.27 to 45.69 m²/g, but this benefit is realized only when KOH activation is combined with SiO₂ retention, resulting in optimal mechanical properties (22.17 MPa tensile, 10.48 MPa M300). This work delineates component-level reinforcement contributions, demonstrating that purified CBp with retained SiO₂ exhibits performance comparable to that of fossil-derived carbon black (CB), whereas ZnS-free CBp-ZK shows superior dynamic mechanical properties (e.g., a reduced Payne effect). These findings advance the high-value utilization of CBp as a sustainable reinforcing filler, addressing critical gaps in waste tire pyrolysis product applications. This study further highlights the dual role of inorganic components, with SiO₂ enhancing compatibility and ZnS impairing interfacial bonding, providing a foundation for industrial-scale CBp modification strategies.

通过控制脱矿策略和改性处理，系统研究了废轮胎热解炭黑（CBp）在天然橡胶（NR）复合材料中的增强机理。这项研究确定了三个主要发现。首先，SiO2作为刚性结构骨架，改善了填料极性和界面结合，提高了抗拉强度16.8% (21.39 MPa)，模量M300提高了9.77 MPa。其次，ZnS通过诱导应力集中和减弱附着力对复合材料性能产生负面影响；它的去除显著提高了机械强度。第三，KOH活化使介孔表面积从36.27 m2/g增加到45.69 m2/g，但只有当KOH活化与SiO2保留相结合时才能实现这一效益，从而获得最佳的力学性能（拉伸22.17 MPa, M300 10.48 MPa）。这项工作描述了组分水平的增强贡献，表明含有SiO2的纯化CBp具有与化石衍生炭黑（CB）相当的性能，而不含zns的CBp- zk具有优异的动态力学性能（例如，降低了Payne效应）。这些发现促进了CBp作为可持续增强填料的高价值利用，解决了废轮胎热解产品应用中的关键空白。该研究进一步强调了无机组分的双重作用，即SiO2增强相容性和ZnS破坏界面键合，为工业规模的CBp改性策略提供了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Use of compost extract as acclimatization accelerator for methane oxidation biosystems 堆肥提取物作为甲烷氧化生物系统驯化促进剂的应用

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115359

Jeovana Jisla das Neves Santos , Fatima Osorio Baron , Alexandre R. Cabral , Federico Galli

The acclimatization process of methane oxidation biosystems typically requires several days or even months for the establishment of efficient and stable microbial communities. Here we assessed whether inoculating methane oxidation media with compost extract from pre-acclimatized compost-based materials accelerated acclimatization and increased methane oxidation capacity. Batch assays using biosolids and leaf compost were tested by the addition of compost extract in different dilutions of 100%, 66.6% (33.3% water), and 33.3% (66.6% water) at two initial CH₄ concentrations (10% and 5% v/v). The most promising dilution (33.3%) was then assessed in continuous-flow column experiments with a structured engineered media (biosolids compost–gravel mixture (1:2 v/v). Results from batch assays showed that for the biosolids compost, the addition of compost extract reduced acclimatization time by 54–82% and increased oxidation rates from 16 to 70 µg CH₄·gdw⁻¹·h⁻¹. The test with leaf compost showed a slightly smaller gain in acclimatization time (50–66%) and increase in oxidation rates from 11 to 32 µg CH₄·gdw⁻¹·h⁻¹. In column tests, inoculation enabled full CH₄ removal within 3 days, whereas in the test without inoculation, the sample was not yet fully acclimatized after 18 days. Microbiological analysis indicated that the compost extract preserved a diverse methanotrophic community. These findings demonstrate that compost extract inoculation is a simple, low-cost, and effective approach to accelerate start-up and enhance early-stage CH₄ removal in methane oxidation biosystems. Implementing this strategy at full scale will likely shorten the stabilization period needed for methane oxidation biosystems to attain their full methane mitigation capacity.

甲烷氧化生物系统的适应过程通常需要数天甚至数月才能建立高效稳定的微生物群落。本研究评估了在甲烷氧化培养基中接种预驯化的堆肥基材料的堆肥提取物是否加速了驯化和增加了甲烷氧化能力。在两种初始CH4浓度（10%和5% v/v）下，添加不同稀释度的堆肥提取物，分别为100%、66.6%（33.3%水）和33.3%（66.6%水），对生物固体和叶片堆肥进行批量试验。然后在连续流柱实验中，用结构化工程介质（生物固体堆肥-砾石混合物（1:2 v/v））评估最有希望的稀释度（33.3%）。批量试验结果表明，对于生物固体堆肥，添加堆肥提取物可将驯化时间缩短54-82%，并将氧化速率从16µg CH4·gdw−1提高到70µg CH4·gdw−1·h−1。叶片堆肥的驯化时间增加幅度略小（50-66%），氧化速率从11µg CH4·gdw−1·h−1增加到32µg CH4·gdw−1·h−1。在柱试中，接种后3 d内可完全去除CH4，而在不接种试验中，样品在18 d后仍未完全驯化。微生物学分析表明，堆肥提取物保存了多种甲烷营养群落。这些结果表明，接种堆肥浸膏是一种简单、低成本、有效的方法，可以加速甲烷氧化生物系统的启动和增强早期CH4的去除。全面实施这一战略可能会缩短甲烷氧化生物系统达到其全部甲烷减排能力所需的稳定期。

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引用次数: 0

Electric Vehicle Batteries Recycling: A Review 电动汽车电池回收：综述

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2025.115302

Behzad Esmaeilian , Yaohong Xiao , Gagan K. Goyal , Lei Zuo , Lei Chen , Sara Behdad

The rapid growth of electric vehicles has created an urgent need for practical end-of-life lithium-ion battery recycling systems that are technically competent, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable. To clarify these growing technical and systemic challenges, a detailed synthesis of the existing body of knowledge is required. This review systematically analyzes the EV battery recycling literature retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. From an initial set of about 1,700 publications, 130 studies were selected through structured screening for methodological relevance and technical analyses. The review is structured around four major topics: (1) collection and infrastructure planning, (2) recycling technologies, (3) digital and automation technologies, and (4) lifecycle and techno-economic assessments. For collection and infrastructure planning, the literature on game-theoretic and reverse logistics models show that coordinated networks and policy-driven incentives considerably improve collection outcomes and economic performance. In the area of recycling technologies, studies discuss that mechanical disassembly is mainly manual due to design heterogeneity and safety risks; while emerging robotic solutions deliver operational improvements. Pyrometallurgy provides robust throughput but is energy-intensive, hydrometallurgy facilitates selective recovery, supercritical and electrochemical routes offer cleaner options, and direct regeneration supports closed-loop circularity but requires scale-up. About digital and automation technologies, AI supports advanced diagnostics, robotics increases flexibility, digital twins facilitate predictive control, and digital product passports advance traceability but face governance and standardization challenges. Also, in the lifecycle assessment and techno-economic assessments domain, studies suggest that logistics and collection rates dominate cost and emission profiles, with siting optimization and automation driving measurable improvements. The synthesis of literature also identifies three future research directions: intelligent hybrid systems, information recovery systems, and resilient value networks which emphasize the need for digitally connected policy-aligned recycling infrastructures.

随着电动汽车的快速发展，人们迫切需要一种实用的报废锂离子电池回收系统，这种系统必须具有技术能力、经济可行性和环境可持续性。为了澄清这些日益增长的技术和系统挑战，需要对现有知识体系进行详细的综合。本文系统分析了Scopus、Web of Science和谷歌Scholar上关于电动汽车电池回收的相关文献。从最初的约1,700份出版物中，通过方法相关性和技术分析的结构化筛选，选择了130项研究。该审查围绕四个主要主题进行：(1)收集和基础设施规划，(2)回收技术，(3)数字和自动化技术，以及(4)生命周期和技术经济评估。对于收集和基础设施规划，博弈论和逆向物流模型的文献表明，协调的网络和政策驱动的激励显著改善了收集结果和经济绩效。在回收技术方面，研究认为由于设计的异质性和安全风险，机械拆卸主要是人工拆卸；而新兴的机器人解决方案提供了操作上的改进。火法冶金提供了强大的产能，但能源密集型，湿法冶金有利于选择性回收，超临界和电化学路线提供了更清洁的选择，直接再生支持闭环循环，但需要扩大规模。在数字和自动化技术方面，人工智能支持先进的诊断，机器人提高灵活性，数字孪生促进预测控制，数字产品护照促进可追溯性，但面临治理和标准化挑战。此外，在生命周期评估和技术经济评估领域，研究表明，物流和收集率主导了成本和排放概况，选址优化和自动化推动了可衡量的改进。综合文献还确定了三个未来的研究方向：智能混合系统，信息回收系统和弹性价值网络，强调需要数字化连接的政策一致的回收基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic and efficient leaching of valuable metals from spent NCM cathodes using a novel chlorine-free acidic deep eutectic solvent 利用一种新型无氯酸性深共晶溶剂从废NCM阴极中协同高效浸出有价金属

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115355

Maoting Yu , Chengping Li , Ailin Xu , Bo Li , Yushu Wu , Boyue Dong , Zhaohui Zheng , Jinsong Wang , Yingjie Zhang , Peng Dong , Chongjun Bao , Zhengfu Zhang

The rapid expansion of electric vehicles has driven a surge in end-of-life lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Conventional hydrometallurgical recycling, dependent on strong inorganic acids and chloride-containing reagents, induces severe secondary pollution and equipment corrosion. Although deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are extensively explored as green alternatives, mainstream chloride salt-acid systems persistently risk chlorine contamination, necessitating inherently safe chloride-free alternatives. This study developed a novel chloride-free DES with excellent recyclability using trimethylglycine (TMG) and glycolic acid (GA). Response surface methodology (RSM) optimization yielded optimal leaching conditions: 1.95 h, TMG:GA molar ratio of 1:3.2, S/L of 20 g/L, and 99 °C. Under these conditions, unprecedented leaching efficiencies (>99%) for Li, Ni, Co, and Mn from spent LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ (NCM111) were achieved, with demonstrated universality across multiple cathode configurations (>94%). The kinetic study showed that the leaching process is governed by surface chemical reaction, with activation energies of 33.19/42.61/40.50/37.38 kJ mol^-1 for Li/Ni/Co/Mn. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveiled that the DES disrupts metal–oxygen (M−O) bonds via a synergistic reductive-chelation mechanism, where binding energies followed Mn > Co > Ni. This work offers a promising approach for recycling spent batteries with its environmental friendliness, high efficiency, broad applicability, and in-depth mechanism.

电动汽车的快速扩张推动了报废锂离子电池（lib）的激增。传统的湿法冶金回收依赖于强无机酸和含氯试剂，造成严重的二次污染和设备腐蚀。虽然深度共晶溶剂（DESs）作为绿色替代品被广泛探索，但主流氯化物盐-酸体系持续存在氯污染风险，因此需要本质上安全的无氯替代品。本研究以三甲基甘氨酸（TMG）和乙醇酸（GA）为原料，开发了一种可回收性好的新型无氯DES。响应面法优化得到最佳浸出条件：1.95 h， TMG:GA摩尔比1:3.2，S/L为20 g/L，温度99℃。在这些条件下，从废LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 （NCM111）中获得了前所未有的Li、Ni、Co和Mn的浸出效率（>99%），并证明了多种阴极配置的普遍性（>94%）。动力学研究表明，浸出过程受表面化学反应控制，Li/Ni/Co/Mn的活化能为33.19/42.61/40.50/37.38 kJ mol-1。密度泛函理论（DFT）计算揭示了DES通过协同还原螯合机制破坏金属-氧（M−O）键，其中结合能跟随Mn >； Co > Ni。本研究为废旧电池的回收利用提供了一条环保、高效、适用性广、机制深入的新途径。

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引用次数: 0

Overflow-aware recycling bin location with random utilities: A case study of the commune of Estación Central, Chile 溢出意识回收箱位置随机公用事业：以智利中部Estación公社为例

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115360

Gonzalo Méndez-Vogel , Sebastián Dávila-Gálvez , Pedro Jara-Moroni , Jorge Zamorano

This study tackles the challenge of locating recycling bins to improve municipal waste collection. We develop a lexicographic mixed-integer optimization model with two sequential objectives: maximizing the amount of recycled glass and then minimizing bin overflow. The model considers how people decide where to recycle, which is captured through a multinomial logit (random-utility) choice model with an outside option. Demand is estimated at the census-block level using household counts and average glass-generation rates, and user access is represented through distance-based disutilities. We assume that users may leave glass outside the bins when these are full, reflecting the formation of micro-landfills. The model is applied to a real case in Estación Central, Santiago, Chile. In the case study, we evaluate the current configuration in terms of expected glass capture and overflow, solve the model to optimally relocate the existing bins without adding infrastructure, and conduct a sensitivity analysis by varying the number of bins. Results show that relocating existing bins can raise weekly recycling by about five metric tonnes and completely eliminate overflow without new infrastructure. Configurations with fewer bins also achieve high recycling while keeping expected overflow below 60 kg. These insights can guide local governments in designing more efficient and user-friendly recycling systems.

本研究解决了寻找回收箱以改善城市垃圾收集的挑战。我们开发了一个字典混合整数优化模型，有两个连续的目标：最大化回收玻璃的数量，然后最小化垃圾箱溢出。该模型考虑了人们如何决定在哪里回收，这是通过一个带有外部选项的多项logit（随机效用）选择模型捕获的。需求是根据住户数量和平均玻璃产生率在人口普查级别估计的，用户访问是通过基于距离的公用事业来表示的。我们假设当垃圾桶满了的时候，用户可能会把玻璃留在垃圾桶外面，这反映了微垃圾填埋场的形成。该模型应用于智利圣地亚哥Estación中部地区的一个实际案例。在案例研究中，我们根据预期的玻璃捕获和溢出来评估当前的配置，在不增加基础设施的情况下求解模型以最佳地重新安置现有的垃圾箱，并通过改变垃圾箱的数量进行敏感性分析。结果表明，重新安置现有的垃圾箱可以使每周的回收量增加约5公吨，并在没有新的基础设施的情况下完全消除溢出。配置较少的垃圾箱也实现了高回收，同时保持预期溢出低于60公斤。这些见解可以指导地方政府设计更高效、用户友好的回收系统。

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引用次数: 0

A simple method for preparing novel biochar with Fe–N bonds and porous structure: Towards phosphate adsorption 一种制备具有Fe-N键和多孔结构的新型生物炭的简单方法：面向磷酸盐吸附

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115361

Quanfeng Wang , Yang Xiao , Jiufang Qi , Haoxuan Wei , Guoming Zeng , Demin Yang , Xiaoling Lei , Yuanyuan Huang

In this study, a magnetic iron–nitrogen co-doped adsorbent (Fe/N-KBC) with a high specific surface area was successfully prepared through the simple co-pyrolysis of municipal sludge and modifiers (potassium ferrate, urea, and potassium chloride). The activation effect of K⁺ ions effectively enhanced the pore structure, while co-doping with iron and nitrogen facilitated the formation of Fe–N bonds, thereby improving both the adsorption rate and selectivity for phosphate. It exhibited a magnetic saturation value of 16.37 emu/g, enabling convenient magnetic separation. Even in the presence of coexisting ions, the phosphate removal efficiency remained above 81.62 %. Moreover, the Fe–N bonds significantly suppressed iron leaching, with the maximum Fe ion concentration measured at only 0.019 mg/L, ensuring excellent adsorption stability. Compared to other adsorbents analyzed in this study, Fe/N-KBC demonstrated both the highest adsorption capacity and the fastest adsorption kinetics. The adsorbent maintained full regenerability and could be reused for at least four cycles with minimal performance loss. In a continuous flow column test, Fe/N-KBC effectively treated approximately 590 bed volumes (BV) of phosphate-containing wastewater. The main adsorption mechanism was attributed to Fe–N coordination bonding, accompanied by electrostatic attraction, π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding and pore filling. Hydroponic experiments using mung beans confirmed the low biotoxicity of adsorbents, and the saturated material could be directly repurposed as a phosphate fertilizer. Overall, this work proposes a promising strategy for the simultaneous regulation of adsorption rate and selectivity and offers a facile adsorbent material for efficient phosphorus recovery and resource reutilization.

本研究通过对城市污泥和改性剂（高铁酸钾、尿素和氯化钾）进行简单共热解，成功制备了具有高比表面积的磁性铁氮共掺杂吸附剂（Fe/N-KBC）。K+离子的活化作用有效地增强了孔隙结构，而铁和氮的共掺杂促进了Fe-N键的形成，从而提高了对磷酸盐的吸附速率和选择性。磁饱和值为16.37 emu/g，便于磁分离。即使在共存离子存在的情况下，磷酸盐的去除率仍保持在81.62%以上。Fe - n键显著抑制铁浸出，最大铁离子浓度仅为0.019 mg/L，保证了优异的吸附稳定性。与本研究分析的其他吸附剂相比，Fe/N-KBC具有最高的吸附容量和最快的吸附动力学。吸附剂保持完全的可再生性，可以重复使用至少四个循环，性能损失最小。在连续流柱试验中，Fe/N-KBC有效处理了约590床体积（BV）的含磷废水。吸附机理主要为Fe-N配位键，并伴有静电吸引、π -π相互作用、氢键和孔隙填充。绿豆水培试验证实了吸附剂的低生物毒性，饱和物质可直接用作磷肥。综上所述，本研究为同时调节吸附速率和选择性提供了一种有前景的策略，并为高效磷回收和资源再利用提供了一种简便的吸附材料。

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引用次数: 0

Ecological reorganization of fungal communities driven by floc-size stratification and process upgrading in a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant 在一个大型垃圾渗滤液处理厂中，由絮凝粒径分层和工艺升级驱动的真菌群落生态重组

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115357

Shitong Liu , Shuang Zhu , Rongxin Zhang , Binbin Sheng

Floc size in activated sludge systems plays a critical role in shaping bacterial communities by regulating microenvironmental heterogeneity, yet its ecological influence on fungal assemblages during process upgrading remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to systematically investigate the effects of floc-size stratification on fungal community composition, assembly mechanisms, source contribution patterns, and molecular ecological co-occurrence network structures during the transition from conventional nitrification–denitrification (CND) to partial nitrification–denitrification (PND) in a full-scale landfill leachate treatment plant. Fungal communities from large (L, >100 μm), medium (M, 25–100 μm), and small (S, <25 μm) flocs were characterized across three operational stages (CND, Trans, and PND) using high-throughput ITS sequencing. Analytical approaches including neutral community model, normalized stochasticity ratio, fast expectation–maximization for microbial source tracking, and molecular ecological network modeling were applied. Results showed that S-flocs consistently contributed the largest proportion to the supernatant fungal community across all stages. Community assembly transitioned from predominantly stochastic in the CND stage to increasingly deterministic in the PND stage, especially within L and M flocs. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed a shift from small-world to scale-free modular topologies, indicating substantial remodeling of fungal co-occurrence correlations. Dissolved oxygen, representing an operational factor, and sludge physicochemical indicators jointly influenced fungal community differentiation across floc-size gradients. This study highlights the regulatory role of floc-size stratification in shaping fungal ecology and network architecture during engineered nitrogen removal process upgrading. These findings provide new insights into spatial microbial dynamics and inform floc-scale strategies for optimizing biological wastewater treatment performance.

活性污泥系统中的絮团大小通过调节微环境异质性在塑造细菌群落中起着关键作用，但其在工艺升级过程中对真菌组合的生态影响仍未得到充分研究。本研究旨在系统地探讨絮凝粒径分层对垃圾渗滤液处理厂从常规硝化-反硝化（CND）向部分硝化-反硝化（PND）过渡过程中真菌群落组成、组装机制、来源贡献模式和分子生态共生网络结构的影响。利用高通量ITS测序对大（L, >100 μm）、中（M, 25 - 100 μm）和小（S, <25 μm）絮凝体的真菌群落进行了三个操作阶段（CND， Trans和PND）的表征。采用中性群落模型、归一化随机比、快速期望最大化微生物源跟踪和分子生态网络模型等分析方法。结果表明，s -絮凝体在各阶段对上清真菌群落的贡献均最大。群落聚集从CND阶段的主要随机性转变为PND阶段的越来越确定性，特别是在L和M絮凝体中。共现网络分析揭示了从小世界到无标度模块化拓扑的转变，表明真菌共现相关性的实质性重塑。溶解氧作为一个操作因子，与污泥理化指标共同影响真菌群落在絮团大小梯度上的分化。本研究强调了在工程脱氮工艺升级过程中，絮凝体粒径分层对真菌生态和网络结构形成的调节作用。这些发现为空间微生物动力学提供了新的见解，并为优化废水生物处理性能的絮凝尺度策略提供了信息。

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引用次数: 0

Degradation of supposedly biodegradable polymers in a real estuarine environment 在真实的河口环境中，所谓的可生物降解聚合物的降解

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115365

Beatriz Barbosa Moreno , Milton Alexandre Cardoso , Fabio Ruiz Simões , Isabelly Bertochi Veroneze , Sandra Andrea Cruz , Ítalo Braga Castro

Aiming to mitigate the impacts of global plastic pollution, several strategies have been adopted, such as replacing conventional plastics with compostable and biodegradable polymers. However, the effectiveness of these polymers in real-world environments has been questioned due to low degradation rates. Therefore, the present study experimentally assessed, in a real estuarine environment, degradation of bags made of PLA + PBAT + starch, PLA + PBAT, polyethylene (PE) with an oxo-biodegradable additive and solely PE. During an 180-day exposure period, morphological, chemical and structural analyses including SEM, FTIR, TGA and DSC were carried out. The results showed that bags made of PLA + PBAT + starch presented more consistent degradation evidence, in estuarine environments, than those without starch addition (PLA + PBAT). However, after 45 days of exposure, such blends have undergone fragmentation, probably forming microplastics (MPs). While samples composed by PLA + PBAT + starch significative differed in macroscopic and microscopic structure, condition indexes and thermal properties from ordinary PE, no significative differences were seen for samples made of PLA + PBAT and oxo-biodegradable plastics. Despite degradation performance of bags PLA + PBAT + starch based, assessments with regard microplastic formation and ecotoxicity must be performed in aquatic scenarios.

为了减轻全球塑料污染的影响，已经采取了几种策略，例如用可堆肥和可生物降解的聚合物取代传统塑料。然而，由于低降解率，这些聚合物在现实环境中的有效性受到质疑。因此，本研究在真实的河口环境中，实验评估了PLA + PBAT +淀粉、PLA + PBAT、聚乙烯（PE）与氧生物降解添加剂和单独PE制成的塑料袋的降解情况。在180天的暴露期内，进行了包括SEM、FTIR、TGA和DSC在内的形态、化学和结构分析。结果表明，在河口环境中，PLA + PBAT +淀粉制备的袋子比未添加淀粉（PLA + PBAT）的袋子具有更一致的降解证据。然而，在暴露45天后，这种混合物发生碎裂，可能形成微塑料（MPs）。虽然PLA + PBAT +淀粉组成的样品在宏观和微观结构、状态指标和热性能上与普通PE有显著差异，但PLA + PBAT和氧生物降解塑料制成的样品没有显著差异。尽管以PLA + PBAT +淀粉为基础的塑料袋具有降解性能，但必须在水生环境中进行关于微塑料形成和生态毒性的评估。

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引用次数: 0

Advancing mechanical recycling of polypropylene: lessons from sorting, washing, and life cycle assessment 推进聚丙烯机械回收：分类、洗涤和生命周期评估的经验教训。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115356

Moritz Mager , Lukas Zeilerbauer , Alexander Felgel-Farnholz , Sandra Czaker , Jörg Fischer , Sander H.J. Postema , Johann B. Kasper , Marcel C.P. van Eijk

European legislation, particularly the Packaging and Packaging Waste Regulation (PPWR), is rapidly increasing the demand for high-quality recycled polypropylene (PP) in packaging applications. Achieving such qualities through mechanical recycling remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of post-consumer waste, while the role of intensified washing in the overall decontamination remains debated. This study evaluates the influence of additional sorting and washing intensity on material properties, product performance, and environmental impacts in mechanical recycling of Dutch post-consumer rigid PP. White, clear, and colored fractions were processed under cold and hot wash conditions, extruded, and converted into cups by injection molding and thermoforming. Sorting effectively reduced feedstock heterogeneity, while hot washing slightly improved oxidation stability and ductility. Cup testing showed that the investigated recyclates achieved 77–88 % of virgin polypropylene top load performance. Hot washing removed surface contamination but did not significantly reduce volatile organic compounds or migration levels. A Life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed in openLCA using Ecoinvent background data. The results showed that advanced mechanical recycling, despite higher energy and chemical demand, remained environmentally advantageous, achieving significantly lower climate change impacts compared to virgin PP. However, the recyclate substitution rate in final products was identified as the dominant driver of environmental benefits. Overall, maximizing substitution and sorting efficiency proved more effective for achieving sustainable, high-quality PP recycling than intensifying washing.

欧洲立法，特别是包装和包装废弃物法规（PPWR），正在迅速增加包装应用中对高质量再生聚丙烯（PP）的需求。由于消费后废物的异质性，通过机械回收实现这些质量仍然具有挑战性，而强化洗涤在整体去污中的作用仍然存在争议。本研究评估了额外的分类和洗涤强度对材料性能、产品性能和荷兰消费后刚性PP机械回收的环境影响的影响。白色、透明和有色部分在冷洗和热洗条件下加工，挤压，并通过注射成型和热成型转化为杯子。分选有效地降低了原料的非均质性，而热洗略微提高了氧化稳定性和延展性。杯试验表明，所研究的回收材料达到了原聚丙烯顶载性能的77- 88%。热洗去除表面污染，但没有显著降低挥发性有机化合物或迁移水平。使用Ecoinvent背景数据在openLCA中进行生命周期评估（LCA）。结果表明，尽管先进的机械回收技术对能源和化学物质的需求更高，但仍具有环境优势，与原始PP相比，其对气候变化的影响显著降低。然而，最终产品的回收替代率被认为是环境效益的主要驱动因素。总的来说，最大化替代和分类效率被证明比强化洗涤更有效地实现可持续的、高质量的PP回收。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of recycled paper mill sludge via mass–energy integration for sustainable onsite power generation: A case study 通过质能集成实现可持续现场发电的再生造纸厂污泥的增值：一个案例研究。

IF 7.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENGINEERING, ENVIRONMENTAL

Waste management

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2026.115354

Patcharin Racho , Boonsita Nammana , Netnapid Tantemsapya , Boonchai Wichitsathian , Kriangsak Riewklang , Kraichat Tantrakarnapa

This study presents a site-specific, year-long integrated mass–energy assessment of sludge valorisation at a Thai recycled paper mill, evaluating three sludge-to-energy pathways: (1) refuse-derived fuel (RDF) production from dewatered sludge, (2) anaerobic digestion (AD) of primary and secondary sludge, and (3) a hybrid cascade combining AD with digestate-to-RDF conversion. An auditable organic-carbon balance with a very small deviation (ΔMB ≈ +0.0068%) demonstrates high data quality and traceability. A product-substitution framework was applied using functional units of 1 kWh of on-site electricity and 1 t of on-site steam delivered, with system boundaries explicitly incorporating air-pollution control systems (APCS) for RDF and essential gas-cleaning for AD. The analysis indicates substantial potential for fossil-energy displacement, with differences observed among the three pathways once APCS-related parasitic loads and compliance costs are considered. Over a 20-year project horizon, techno-economic analysis shows that the relative economic performance of the pathways is strongly influenced by the treatment of APCS capital and operating expenditures under on-site utilisation conditions. One-way sensitivity analysis identifies electricity tariff and grid emission factor, sludge and digestate dryness and higher heating value, and APCS costs as the dominant parameters affecting economic outcomes. By integrating experimental data with mass–energy balancing and substitution-based assessment, this study provides a transparent analytical basis for comparing sludge-to-energy options in recycled paper mills under realistic operational and compliance constraints.

本研究对泰国一家再生纸厂的污泥价值进行了为期一年的综合质能评估，评估了三种污泥转化为能源的途径：(1)从脱水污泥中生产垃圾衍生燃料（RDF），(2)初级和次级污泥的厌氧消化（AD），以及(3)将AD与消化物转化为RDF的混合级联。具有非常小偏差（ΔMB≈+0.0068%）的可审计有机碳平衡证明了高数据质量和可追溯性。产品替代框架采用了1千瓦时现场电力和1吨现场蒸汽的功能单位，系统边界明确结合了用于RDF的空气污染控制系统（APCS）和用于AD的必要气体净化。分析表明化石能源替代的巨大潜力，一旦考虑到与apcs相关的寄生负荷和合规成本，三种途径之间存在差异。在20年的项目周期内，技术经济分析表明，在现场利用条件下，APCS资本和运营支出的处理强烈影响了通道的相对经济性能。单向敏感性分析发现，电价和电网排放因子、污泥和沼液干燥度和较高的热值以及APCS成本是影响经济结果的主要参数。通过将实验数据与质能平衡和基于替代的评估相结合，本研究为在实际操作和合规约束下比较再生纸厂的污泥-能源选择提供了透明的分析基础。

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引用次数: 0