Wear最新文献

英文中文

Do electrification-temperature effects deteriorate ZDDP tribofilms in electric vehicles transmission? Insights into antiwear mechanisms using low-SAPS oils

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205746

Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali , Chaoyang Zhang , Qiangliang Yu , Yuchen Sun , Feng Zhou , Weimin Liu

This study aims to provide the answer to the crucial question regarding the combined effects of electrification and temperature on ZDDP tribofilm durability. The current investigation aims to understand the tribofilm formation mechanism on electrified steel surfaces, helping mitigate the adverse effects of current leakage in electric vehicles (EVs) transmission. A low-SAPS oil was formulated using polyalphaolefin oil (PAO6) and 0.5 wt% zinc isopropyl-isooctyl-dithiophosphate (ZDDP, type T204). Additionally, the commercially fully formulated transmission oil for EVs was used as a reference oil to compare. The current-carrying friction tests were conducted under various DC currents (2–8 A) and temperatures (50–200 °C) at 250 N and 10 Hz using an electrified SRV-IV tribometer. The results demonstrated that the electrical contact resistance (ECR) and coefficient of friction (COF) signals were dynamically compatible, indicating the tribofilm behavior. Notably, the antiwear properties of ZDDP oil were enhanced by up to 58 % compared to the reference oil under various currents at 150 °C. The HRTEM results revealed that ZDDP oil produces a thick antiwear tribofilm up to 654.8 nm, while the reference oil forms a thin tribofilm up to 37.1 nm at 8 A and 150 °C. The electrification effects do not deteriorate antiwear ZDDP tribofilms due to their higher formation rate than the scrape-off rate. Accordingly, these findings will help synthesize new organic oil additives (low-SAPS) and open future opportunities for discovering green alternatives to enhance the durability of EVs transmission.

{"title":"Do electrification-temperature effects deteriorate ZDDP tribofilms in electric vehicles transmission? Insights into antiwear mechanisms using low-SAPS oils","authors":"Mohamed Kamal Ahmed Ali , Chaoyang Zhang , Qiangliang Yu , Yuchen Sun , Feng Zhou , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205746","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205746","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to provide the answer to the crucial question regarding the combined effects of electrification and temperature on ZDDP tribofilm durability. The current investigation aims to understand the tribofilm formation mechanism on electrified steel surfaces, helping mitigate the adverse effects of current leakage in electric vehicles (EVs) transmission. A low-SAPS oil was formulated using polyalphaolefin oil (PAO6) and 0.5 wt% zinc isopropyl-isooctyl-dithiophosphate (ZDDP, type T204). Additionally, the commercially fully formulated transmission oil for EVs was used as a reference oil to compare. The current-carrying friction tests were conducted under various DC currents (2–8 A) and temperatures (50–200 °C) at 250 N and 10 Hz using an electrified SRV-IV tribometer. The results demonstrated that the electrical contact resistance (ECR) and coefficient of friction (COF) signals were dynamically compatible, indicating the tribofilm behavior. Notably, the antiwear properties of ZDDP oil were enhanced by up to 58 % compared to the reference oil under various currents at 150 °C. The HRTEM results revealed that ZDDP oil produces a thick antiwear tribofilm up to 654.8 nm, while the reference oil forms a thin tribofilm up to 37.1 nm at 8 A and 150 °C. The electrification effects do not deteriorate antiwear ZDDP tribofilms due to their higher formation rate than the scrape-off rate. Accordingly, these findings will help synthesize new organic oil additives (low-SAPS) and open future opportunities for discovering green alternatives to enhance the durability of EVs transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205746"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epoxidized vegetable lubricant enhanced by ionic liquid

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205740

María-Dolores Avilés, Paloma Mostaza, María-Dolores Bermúdez, Francisco J. Carrión-Vilches

Peanut oil lubricants were modified with the ionic liquid diethylmethylammonium methanesulfonate (IL) to produce novel biolubricants. Neat (Pn) and epoxidized peanut (EPn) oils with 1 wt% IL were studied in a stainless-steel/sapphire tribopair under pin-on-disc configuration. The highest viscosity was found for EPn+1%IL oil, and its outstanding tribological performance yielded a reduction in friction coefficient, and of up to 96.3 % in wear rate. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the presence of IL and epoxidized oil tribofilm inside the wear tracks. The combination of thermal oxidation stability, viscosity, and tribological performance confirmed the potential use of ionic liquids as efficient additives in vegetable base oils.

引用次数: 0

Tribological behavior of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with cherry seed powder under lubrication conditions

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205745

Z. Sydow , Ł. Wojciechowski , K. Bula , B. Gapiński , T. Runka , M. Wieczorowski

The article presents the effect of cherry seed powder (CSP) addition to the polypropylene (PP) matrix on tribological properties: coefficient of friction (COF) and wear under lubrication conditions using paraffin and silicone oil. The composites differed in the percentage content of the filler (5, 10, 15 wt%) and the size of CSP particles (<400 μm, 400–630 μm, 630–800 μm). 30-minute friction tests were conducted using the “block-on-ring” system, and the wear mechanisms were identified based on SEM analysis supplemented with topographic analysis. To fully interpret the results, mechanical tests of the obtained composites were also performed and a viscosity-temperature analysis of the oils used was performed. In both the case of paraffin and silicone oil, it was observed that adding CSP to the polymer matrix reduces the COF. Paraffin oil tends to reduce the COF by increasing the percentage of filler (regardless of particle size). In contrast, silicone oil has the lowest COF observed in the case of 5 % wt. and the highest granulation. The dominant wear mechanism in the case of paraffin oil lubrication turned out to be micro-abrasion, while in the case of silicone oil, micro-abrasion and micro-adhesion. Moreover, it seems that the lower dynamic viscosity of silicone oil at lower temperatures favored the destructive effect of crushed filler particles on the composite surfaces in the initial parts of the tests.

{"title":"Tribological behavior of polypropylene-based composites reinforced with cherry seed powder under lubrication conditions","authors":"Z. Sydow , Ł. Wojciechowski , K. Bula , B. Gapiński , T. Runka , M. Wieczorowski","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The article presents the effect of cherry seed powder (CSP) addition to the polypropylene (PP) matrix on tribological properties: coefficient of friction (COF) and wear under lubrication conditions using paraffin and silicone oil. The composites differed in the percentage content of the filler (5, 10, 15 wt%) and the size of CSP particles (<400 μm, 400–630 μm, 630–800 μm). 30-minute friction tests were conducted using the “block-on-ring” system, and the wear mechanisms were identified based on SEM analysis supplemented with topographic analysis. To fully interpret the results, mechanical tests of the obtained composites were also performed and a viscosity-temperature analysis of the oils used was performed. In both the case of paraffin and silicone oil, it was observed that adding CSP to the polymer matrix reduces the COF. Paraffin oil tends to reduce the COF by increasing the percentage of filler (regardless of particle size). In contrast, silicone oil has the lowest COF observed in the case of 5 % wt. and the highest granulation. The dominant wear mechanism in the case of paraffin oil lubrication turned out to be micro-abrasion, while in the case of silicone oil, micro-abrasion and micro-adhesion. Moreover, it seems that the lower dynamic viscosity of silicone oil at lower temperatures favored the destructive effect of crushed filler particles on the composite surfaces in the initial parts of the tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205745"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigation of the effect of vertical dynamics on friction induced torsional vibration and rail corrugation

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205744

Xiaogang Liu, Yi Zhang

It was found that rail corrugation mainly occurs on the inner rails of curved tracks, and this phenomenon can be explained with the theoretical model of friction induced torsional vibration of wheelsets under the assumption that outer wheel tends to roll steadily while inner wheel tends to slide and trigger friction induced torsional vibration. This assumption, however, has not been verified yet. In this research, a wheel/rail model on a curved track including the nonlinear friction-creepage characteristics is developed. Instantaneous analysis results show that the torsional angular velocity of wheelset varies periodically as the wheelset negotiates curved tracks. The results of modal analysis further indicate that friction induced torsional vibration is generated on inner wheel and that the assumption is reasonable. On the other hand, a test rig can introduce longitudinal creepage is developed. The measurement results show the existence of longitudinal creepage results in corrugations, indicating that friction induced torsional vibration could cause rail corrugation. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurements of torsional angular velocity and vertical force can disclose the correlation between vertical dynamics and friction induced torsional vibration, indicating that vertical dynamics can affect friction induced torsional vibration that may result in rail corrugation.

{"title":"Investigation of the effect of vertical dynamics on friction induced torsional vibration and rail corrugation","authors":"Xiaogang Liu, Yi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It was found that rail corrugation mainly occurs on the inner rails of curved tracks, and this phenomenon can be explained with the theoretical model of friction induced torsional vibration of wheelsets under the assumption that outer wheel tends to roll steadily while inner wheel tends to slide and trigger friction induced torsional vibration. This assumption, however, has not been verified yet. In this research, a wheel/rail model on a curved track including the nonlinear friction-creepage characteristics is developed. Instantaneous analysis results show that the torsional angular velocity of wheelset varies periodically as the wheelset negotiates curved tracks. The results of modal analysis further indicate that friction induced torsional vibration is generated on inner wheel and that the assumption is reasonable. On the other hand, a test rig can introduce longitudinal creepage is developed. The measurement results show the existence of longitudinal creepage results in corrugations, indicating that friction induced torsional vibration could cause rail corrugation. Furthermore, the simultaneous measurements of torsional angular velocity and vertical force can disclose the correlation between vertical dynamics and friction induced torsional vibration, indicating that vertical dynamics can affect friction induced torsional vibration that may result in rail corrugation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205744"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of the surface energy of vegetable shells and hard cores on the adhesion and tribological properties of agglomerated bio-based grinding wheels

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205736

Narcisse Defo , Rodrigue Nicodème Tagne Sikame , William Paul Mejouyo Huisken , Omar Harzallah , Bernard Wenga Ntcheping , Stanislas Tiwa Tido , Augustine Demze Nitidem , Ebenezer Njeugna , Sophie Bistac

This research correlates the surface energy of four plant by-products used as abrasive grains with their mechanical and tribological properties. Grinding wheels are obtained from P20 particles of coconut shells, palm nut shells, canarium fruit stones and raffia fruit mixed with an epoxy resin crosslinked with a diamine. Surface energies were determined on the bio-based particles and on the resin from contact angle measurements. Wheels with coconut abrasive grains showed the best mechanical and tribological properties with a material removal rate of 171 mg/s and a wear rate of 8.9 × 10⁻⁵ cm³/N.m. The surface energy parameters approach is consistent with these results.

引用次数: 0

A visual analytical method for evaluating tool flank wear volumes of micro-milling cutters with AKAZE features matching: A preliminary study

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205739

Yu Zhang , Shuaishuai Gao , Xianyin Duan , Kunpeng Zhu

Tool wear is one of the most important factors restricting the development and application of micro-milling technology. In order to accurately evaluate the tool wear features in the micro-milling process, a visual analytical approach is proposed with multiple advanced image processing methods. Firstly, A theoretical model of tool wear volume considering the end concave angle is proposed, which is more descriptive of practical situations than the traditional one-dimensional parameters, the tool flank wear length. Secondly, the tool flank wear areas are accurately obtained of image segmentation with the Canny gradient operator, extraction with corner feature detection, and registration with Accelerated-KAZE (AKAZE) feature matching. Finally, the features of the tool flank wear are evaluated of correcting the integration areas with the Hough transformation, determining the parameters with scale conversion, and verifying the areas and volumes of the tool flank wear with experimental data and key quality metrics, Mean-Squared Error (MSE) and Multi-Scale Structural Similarity (MS-SSIM). The results demonstrate that the method presented effectively characterises the tool flank wear, giving a suitable approach for computer vision and image feature processing of tool wear monitoring during machining.

{"title":"A visual analytical method for evaluating tool flank wear volumes of micro-milling cutters with AKAZE features matching: A preliminary study","authors":"Yu Zhang , Shuaishuai Gao , Xianyin Duan , Kunpeng Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tool wear is one of the most important factors restricting the development and application of micro-milling technology. In order to accurately evaluate the tool wear features in the micro-milling process, a visual analytical approach is proposed with multiple advanced image processing methods. Firstly, A theoretical model of tool wear volume considering the end concave angle is proposed, which is more descriptive of practical situations than the traditional one-dimensional parameters, the tool flank wear length. Secondly, the tool flank wear areas are accurately obtained of image segmentation with the Canny gradient operator, extraction with corner feature detection, and registration with Accelerated-KAZE (AKAZE) feature matching. Finally, the features of the tool flank wear are evaluated of correcting the integration areas with the Hough transformation, determining the parameters with scale conversion, and verifying the areas and volumes of the tool flank wear with experimental data and key quality metrics, Mean-Squared Error (MSE) and Multi-Scale Structural Similarity (MS-SSIM). The results demonstrate that the method presented effectively characterises the tool flank wear, giving a suitable approach for computer vision and image feature processing of tool wear monitoring during machining.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205739"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new perspective on rail corrugation and its practical implications

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205743

Qinghua Guan , Zefeng Wen , Binbin Liu , Hengyu Wang , Shulin Liang

To investigate the possible formation and evolution mechanisms of rail corrugation related to the resonances of wheel and rail, a wave approach is adopted to characterize the wave propagation and vibration behaviour of the track. Through the receptance coupling method, the interaction model of multiple wheels and track is established taking into account the P2 resonance and resonances due to the wave interaction, which is applied in combination with the wheel/rail rolling contact model and the Archard wear equation to demonstrate the formation and development of the rail corrugation in both low-speed metro and high-speed rail systems. The numerical results show that the resonances due to the wave interaction between adjacent wheels can lead to short-pitch corrugation with a wavelength of 20 mm–30 mm in the metro system and long wavelength corrugation of 110 mm–160 mm in the high-speed railway, which is supported by corresponding field measurements. It is also noted that the short-pitch corrugation in the metro and the long wavelength corrugation in the high-speed railway share the common frequency range of 550–700 Hz, which is explained from the perspective of the quasi-resonance phenomenon of the multiple wheels and track coupled system.

{"title":"A new perspective on rail corrugation and its practical implications","authors":"Qinghua Guan , Zefeng Wen , Binbin Liu , Hengyu Wang , Shulin Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To investigate the possible formation and evolution mechanisms of rail corrugation related to the resonances of wheel and rail, a wave approach is adopted to characterize the wave propagation and vibration behaviour of the track. Through the receptance coupling method, the interaction model of multiple wheels and track is established taking into account the P2 resonance and resonances due to the wave interaction, which is applied in combination with the wheel/rail rolling contact model and the Archard wear equation to demonstrate the formation and development of the rail corrugation in both low-speed metro and high-speed rail systems. The numerical results show that the resonances due to the wave interaction between adjacent wheels can lead to short-pitch corrugation with a wavelength of 20 mm–30 mm in the metro system and long wavelength corrugation of 110 mm–160 mm in the high-speed railway, which is supported by corresponding field measurements. It is also noted that the short-pitch corrugation in the metro and the long wavelength corrugation in the high-speed railway share the common frequency range of 550–700 Hz, which is explained from the perspective of the quasi-resonance phenomenon of the multiple wheels and track coupled system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205743"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A feasible strategy to construct WC-Co-Cr/cu composite coating with good tribo-corrosion behavior and anti-fouling properties for marine applications

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205738

Zhenxin Qiao , Rui Yang , Yi Liu , Xiaohua Feng , Jing Huang , Ye Tian , Ping Zhou , Hidetoshi Saitoh , Xiaomei Liu , Botao Zhang , Hua Li

Various protective coatings are applied to marine components to mitigate friction, wear, corrosion, and biofouling. However, these issues can arise simultaneously under certain operating conditions, posing significant challenges to the performance and durability of marine components. In this study, core-shell structured WC-Co-Cr/Cu powders were fabricated using electroless plating, and a high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying technique was employed to deposit the WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating. The results demonstrated that the tribo-corrosion behavior of the WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating improved compared to that of the HVOF WC-10Co-4Cr coating, although there was a slight reduction in corrosion resistance. Additionally, the incorporation of Cu significantly reduced the adhesion rates of Bacillus subtilis and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, indicating that the WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating gained anti-biofouling properties from the presence of Cu. Overall, the development of this WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating presents a promising solution for marine components, providing enhanced tribo-corrosion performance and effective anti-biofouling properties.

{"title":"A feasible strategy to construct WC-Co-Cr/cu composite coating with good tribo-corrosion behavior and anti-fouling properties for marine applications","authors":"Zhenxin Qiao , Rui Yang , Yi Liu , Xiaohua Feng , Jing Huang , Ye Tian , Ping Zhou , Hidetoshi Saitoh , Xiaomei Liu , Botao Zhang , Hua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Various protective coatings are applied to marine components to mitigate friction, wear, corrosion, and biofouling. However, these issues can arise simultaneously under certain operating conditions, posing significant challenges to the performance and durability of marine components. In this study, core-shell structured WC-Co-Cr/Cu powders were fabricated using electroless plating, and a high-velocity oxygen-fuel (HVOF) spraying technique was employed to deposit the WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating. The results demonstrated that the tribo-corrosion behavior of the WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating improved compared to that of the HVOF WC-10Co-4Cr coating, although there was a slight reduction in corrosion resistance. Additionally, the incorporation of Cu significantly reduced the adhesion rates of <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Phaeodactylum tricornutum</em>, indicating that the WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating gained anti-biofouling properties from the presence of Cu. Overall, the development of this WC-Co-Cr/Cu coating presents a promising solution for marine components, providing enhanced tribo-corrosion performance and effective anti-biofouling properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205738"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Solid-liquid composite lubricating coating based on thermally sprayed ceramic template: Tribological properties, lubrication and failure mechanism

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205741

Jialin He , Nairu He , Chunyan He , Shuangjian Li , Xiujuan Fan , Chao Wang , Mengyao Han , Chunming Deng , Jie Mao , Xiaofeng Zhang

In this study, a novel solid-liquid composite lubricating coating was prepared using the pores and micro-cracks of the thermally sprayed Al₂O₃/polyfluoroalkoxy coating, and the perfluoropolyether lubricating oil (PFPE) was incorporated into the coating as the liquid lubricating phase by vacuum thermal impregnation technology. The results indicate that PFPE encapsulated nanoscale Al₂O₃ and polyfluoroalkoxy abrasive debris, generating a lubrication protrusion structure at friction interfaces. The protrusion structure exhibits a high adhesion force (119 nN), thereby preventing crack propagation on the worn surface. A minimal friction coefficient of 0.07 is reached by creating a protrusion surface. This lowers the rate of wear by about 79 % compared to before oil immersion conditions and by about 99 % compared to Al₂O₃ coatings. Continuous consumption of PFPE, coupled with the accumulation of wear debris during sliding, gradually destroys the lubricating protrusion structures, ultimately leading to its failure.

{"title":"Solid-liquid composite lubricating coating based on thermally sprayed ceramic template: Tribological properties, lubrication and failure mechanism","authors":"Jialin He , Nairu He , Chunyan He , Shuangjian Li , Xiujuan Fan , Chao Wang , Mengyao Han , Chunming Deng , Jie Mao , Xiaofeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a novel solid-liquid composite lubricating coating was prepared using the pores and micro-cracks of the thermally sprayed Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/polyfluoroalkoxy coating, and the perfluoropolyether lubricating oil (PFPE) was incorporated into the coating as the liquid lubricating phase by vacuum thermal impregnation technology. The results indicate that PFPE encapsulated nanoscale Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and polyfluoroalkoxy abrasive debris, generating a lubrication protrusion structure at friction interfaces. The protrusion structure exhibits a high adhesion force (119 nN), thereby preventing crack propagation on the worn surface. A minimal friction coefficient of 0.07 is reached by creating a protrusion surface. This lowers the rate of wear by about 79 % compared to before oil immersion conditions and by about 99 % compared to Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> coatings. Continuous consumption of PFPE, coupled with the accumulation of wear debris during sliding, gradually destroys the lubricating protrusion structures, ultimately leading to its failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205741"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143097238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wear damage and microstructure evolution of high-speed wheel steel under low slip ratios

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205742

Xiaotong Zhu , Tai Peng , Jun Hua , Ruiming Ren , Zhiqiu Huang , Guanzhen Zhang

A rolling wear test was carried out to investigate the wear damage and microstructure evolution of high-speed wheel steel under low slip ratios. The results indicate that in the initial stage of wear, the wear mechanism changes from oxidative and adhesive wear to fatigue wear with an increasing slip ratio. With an increasing number of wear cycles, the fatigue wear of the sample surface increases. Wear damage mainly depends on crack initiation and propagation on the surface and in the cross-section. Cracks mainly initiate and propagate at the interface between the deformed proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite under low tangential force. However, with increasing tangential force, cracks extend through the adjacent softer proeutectoid ferrite during propagation. In the cross-sectional direction, when proeutectoid ferrite is present near the crack tip, the crack preferentially propagates through the this ferrite or along the interface between proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite. As the slip ratio increases, the depth of the refined proeutectoid ferrite and pearlite and the degree of refinement increase; in addition, the depth of cementite bending and fracture increases, and the degree of cementite fragmentation becomes remarkable. On the worn surface, with increasing slip ratio and number of wear cycles, ferrite is refined into a fibrous microstructure and cementite is refined from short rods into particles until almost no cementite is observed.

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