IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206465

Gustavo da Silva Gehlen , Davide Carlevaris , Giovanni Straffelini , Stefano Gialanella

Waste clam shell was evaluated as an eco-friendly filler ingredient for brake friction materials and was compared with standard filler, like calcite and barite. The raw shell crystalline structure, morphology, and thermal stability were characterized. It was subsequently milled to 25–45 μm and incorporated into brake pad formulations in concentrations of 15 wt% and 30 wt%. Pin-on-disc tests at room temperature, 200 °C, and 400 °C under mild wear conditions were conducted. Seashell and calcite obtained coefficient of friction (CoF) similar to barite at room temperature and at 200 °C. At 400 °C, 15 wt% seashell or calcite reduced the CoF with respect to barite, whereas 30 wt% increased the CoF. Wear coefficients increased with temperature. Samples containing only barite showed the lowest wear at room temperature. On the other hand, at 400 °C samples with 15 wt% seashell or calcite showed the lowest wear, with seashell being equivalent to calcite and outperforming barite. Seashell and calcite formed a protective tribofilm on the disc at elevated temperature, which reduced disc wear. The emissions were found to be proportional to the wear of the samples. Life cycle assessment showed that replacing calcite for seashell reduces the environmental impact over all categories. Overall, seashell powder had comparable performance to calcite and barite, and 15 wt% seashell offered the best balance between friction stability, wear resistance, and emissions. This highlights the potential of seashell waste as a sustainable filler in friction materials.

对废蛤壳作为一种环保的制动摩擦材料填料进行了评价，并与方解石、重晶石等标准填料进行了比较。表征了原壳的晶体结构、形貌和热稳定性。随后，将其研磨至25-45 μm，并以15% wt%和30% wt%的浓度加入刹车片配方中。在室温、200°C和400°C轻度磨损条件下进行销盘试验。在室温和200℃下，贝壳和方解石的摩擦系数（CoF）与重晶石相似。在400°C时，相对于重晶石，15%的贝壳或方解石降低了CoF，而30%的贝壳或方解石增加了CoF。磨损系数随温度升高而增大。仅含重晶石的样品在室温下的磨损最小。另一方面，在400°C时，含有15%海贝或方解石的样品显示出最低的磨损，海贝与方解石相当，优于重晶石。在高温下，贝壳和方解石在圆盘上形成保护性摩擦膜，减少了圆盘的磨损。发现排放量与样品的磨损成正比。生命周期评价结果表明，以方解石代替贝类可减少各类环境影响。总的来说，贝壳粉的性能与方解石和重晶石相当，15%的贝壳粉在摩擦稳定性、耐磨性和排放之间取得了最佳平衡。这突出了贝壳废物作为摩擦材料可持续填料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Tribological synergy between extreme pressure and copper oleate based additives under boundary lubrication 边界润滑下极压和油酸铜基添加剂之间的摩擦学协同作用

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206478

Borja Armendariz-Molinero , Francesco Pagano , José Tomás San-José-Lombera , Lucia Pisarova , Josef Brenner , Emna Charfi , Ichiro Minami

One of the current trends in tribology is reducing oil viscosity to minimize the hydrodynamic losses. However, the reduction of viscosity could lead to harsher tribological operating conditions and consequently higher wear and lower durability of gears and bearings. For this reason, new additive technology is essential. One promising approach involves smart additive design based on synergy between existing additives. This paper combined copper oleate with Sulfur and Phosphorus extreme-pressure additives showing a remarkable reduction on friction and a novel synergistic effect on wear using an ISO VG 46 base oil. Based on SEM/EDS and XPS analyses on the wear scars, a plausible mechanism for this synergy was proposed. Finally, to assess the anti-wear properties of this synergy, a fully formulated commercial ISO VG 320 synthetic gear oil was tested under the same tribological conditions, showing that the formulation developed in this work was even able to provide superior protection.

当前摩擦学的发展趋势之一是降低油的粘度，以尽量减少流体动力损失。然而，粘度的降低可能会导致更苛刻的摩擦学操作条件，从而导致齿轮和轴承的更高磨损和更低的耐久性。因此，新的增材技术是必不可少的。一种有前途的方法是基于现有添加剂之间的协同作用进行智能添加剂设计。本文将油酸铜与硫和磷极压添加剂结合使用，在ISO VG 46基础油中显示出显著的摩擦降低和新型的协同磨损效应。通过对磨损痕的SEM/EDS和XPS分析，提出了这种协同作用的合理机制。最后，为了评估这种协同作用的抗磨性能，在相同的摩擦学条件下测试了一种完全配方的商用ISO VG 320合成齿轮油，结果表明，在这项工作中开发的配方甚至能够提供更好的保护。

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引用次数: 0

Molecular dynamics analysis of friction wear in gray cast iron brake discs: an atom-scale investigation of graphite/matrix interface behavior 灰口铸铁制动盘摩擦磨损的分子动力学分析：石墨/基体界面行为的原子尺度研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206477

Yanjie Liu , Kaikui Zheng , Zhiying Ren

The friction and wear behavior of gray cast iron brake discs is closely related to its microstructure and the interaction at the graphite/iron matrix interface. However, due to limitations in testing conditions, the microscopic mechanism of this interface during the braking process remains unclear. This study employed molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the nanoscale tribological behavior of a graphite-embedded gray cast iron model. Through multidimensional analysis encompassing friction force, grinding mark depth, phase transformation behavior, internal deformation, stress-strain distribution, temperature variation, bond length, and potential energy, which revealed graphite's dual role: acting as a solid lubricant to reduce friction force while simultaneously serving as a stress concentration source that promotes the formation of grinding debris. The study demonstrates that graphite flakes undergo significant out-of-plane bending and wrinkling under the combined action of normal load and shear force, effectively dissipating energy and influencing the plastic strain distribution of the surrounding matrix. The graphite-iron interface, characterized by low shear strength, becomes a preferred slip plane but also represents a vulnerable region for crack initiation and propagation. Furthermore, graphite's exceptionally high in-plane thermal conductivity enables rapid dissipation of frictional heat, reducing peak temperatures and mitigating localized thermal damage. Experiments confirm that crack propagation along the graphite/matrix interface leads to graphite flake pull-out and the formation of micro-exfoliation pits. This study reveals the friction and wear mechanisms of gray cast iron brake discs at the atomic scale.

灰铸铁制动盘的摩擦磨损性能与其微观组织和石墨/铁基体界面的相互作用密切相关。然而，由于试验条件的限制，该界面在制动过程中的微观机理尚不清楚。本研究采用分子动力学模拟研究了石墨灰铸铁模型的纳米级摩擦学行为。通过摩擦力、磨痕深度、相变行为、内部变形、应力应变分布、温度变化、键长、势能等多维度分析，揭示了石墨的双重作用：作为固体润滑剂减少摩擦力，同时作为应力集中源促进磨屑的形成。研究表明，在法向载荷和剪切力的共同作用下，石墨薄片发生了明显的面外弯曲和起皱，有效地耗散了能量，影响了周围基体的塑性应变分布。石墨-铁界面具有低剪切强度的特点，成为首选滑移面，但也是裂纹萌生和扩展的脆弱区域。此外，石墨异常高的面内导热系数使摩擦热迅速消散，降低峰值温度，减轻局部热损伤。实验证实，裂纹沿石墨/基体界面扩展，导致石墨薄片拉出，形成微剥落坑。本研究揭示了灰口铸铁制动盘在原子尺度上的摩擦磨损机理。

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引用次数: 0

A new experimental technique for assessing impact-sliding wear resistance of materials for non-synchronous transmissions 一种评估非同步传动材料冲击滑动磨损性能的新实验技术

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206476

Maria Wojtowicz, Urban Wiklund, Robin Elo, Staffan Jacobson

Non-synchronous transmission can reduce the weight and increase efficiency of electrical heavy vehicles, with great potential to increase the vehicle range and load capacity. However, it comes at a cost, also increasing missed gear shifts resulting in impact-sliding wear. In this work, a new test rig is presented, allowing accelerated wear testing of component materials that need to withstand numerous severe impact-sliding events, with each event simulating a missed gear shift. The test rig enables controlled variation and measurement of important parameters such as relative velocity, normal load, impact depth and impact force. Demonstrator tests show that it is possible to distinguish between small alloying differences of relevant materials, and quickly reach numbers of impact-sliding events that real components would experience in years of operation. The wear mechanisms of rig tested samples are compared to, and mimic, real industrial testing of non-synchronous transmission, showing a complex process including a wide impact surface with extruded material on the edges, formation of tongues in the impact direction, delamination, spalling, and both small and large fractures. The acceleration of the test, with a high frequency of high energy impacts and pre-shaped impact geometry results in a full test taking hours instead of months. Additionally, the control of test parameters and the sample size enables both detailed wear studies and screening of candidate materials, facilitating much quicker development of materials and surface treatments to withstand severe impact-sliding events.

非同步传动可以减轻电动重型汽车的重量，提高效率，在增加车辆续航里程和载重能力方面具有很大的潜力。然而，这是有代价的，也增加了错过换挡导致冲击滑动磨损。在这项工作中，提出了一种新的试验台，可以加速对需要承受许多严重冲击滑动事件的部件材料的磨损测试，每个事件都模拟错过的换挡。该试验台能够控制重要参数的变化和测量，如相对速度、法向载荷、冲击深度和冲击力。演示试验表明，它可以区分相关材料的微小合金差异，并迅速达到真实部件在多年运行中所经历的冲击滑动事件的数量。将钻机测试样品的磨损机理与非同步变速器的实际工业测试进行了比较和模拟，显示了一个复杂的过程，包括边缘有挤压材料的宽冲击面，在冲击方向上形成舌状物，分层，剥落以及大小断裂。测试的加速，加上高频率的高能冲击和预成型的冲击几何形状，使得整个测试只需几个小时，而不是几个月。此外，测试参数和样本量的控制可以进行详细的磨损研究和候选材料的筛选，从而促进材料和表面处理的更快开发，以承受严重的冲击滑动事件。

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引用次数: 0

Material removal mechanism and micro evolution of ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting of tungsten alloys based on polycrystalline diamond and single crystal diamond tools 基于多晶金刚石和单晶金刚石刀具的钨合金超声椭圆振动切削材料去除机理及微观演化

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206468

Jinbo Liu , Zhigang Dong , Yan Bao , Renke Kang , Yintian Xing , Sen Yin

Tungsten alloys have two-phase structure, high heterogeneity and hard and brittle characteristics, and the combination of single crystal diamond (SCD) tool and ultrasonic elliptical vibration cutting (UEVC) has become critical for UPM of tungsten alloys. However, SCD tool costs and severe UEVC speed limitations constrain mass production. Therefore, UEVC with polycrystalline diamond (PCD) tools was proposed for efficient precision machining. UEVC experiments establish distinct wear mechanisms: PCD tools exhibit gradual wear through grain detachment, yielding a characteristic “honeycomb” morphology, whereas SCD tools undergo abrupt failure via edge chipping. Critically, PCD tools demonstrate superior cutting performance stability at elevated cutting speeds. Furthermore, while the surface roughness values are comparable (PCD: Sa≈65 nm, SCD: Sa≈26 nm), the evolution mechanism of surface morphology and subsurface microstructure differ significantly: PCD tools generate a 1.5 μm thick subsurface layer characterized by fine grains and extensive dislocation entanglements, forming a fine-grain reinforced zone. Conversely, SCD tools generate a fragmented-grain zone of similar thickness but containing localized banded dislocations. The refined microstructure induced by PCD tools is potentially more advantageous for enhancing the irradiation resistance of tungsten alloys. This work validates the feasibility of substituting PCD for SCD tools in UEVC of tungsten alloys, which approach offers a promising route towards the high-efficiency, low-cost and UPM for tungsten alloy components, significantly advancing the potential for industrial adoption of UEVC technology.

钨合金具有两相组织、高非均质性和硬脆特性，单晶金刚石刀具与超声椭圆振动切削（UEVC）相结合已成为钨合金UPM加工的关键。然而，SCD工具的成本和严重的UEVC速度限制限制了大规模生产。为此，提出了利用聚晶金刚石（PCD）刀具进行UEVC的高效精密加工。UEVC实验建立了不同的磨损机制：PCD工具通过颗粒脱落逐渐磨损，产生典型的“蜂窝”形态，而SCD工具则通过边缘切屑突然失效。关键是，PCD刀具在高切削速度下表现出卓越的切削性能稳定性。此外，虽然表面粗糙度值相当（PCD: Sa≈65 nm, SCD: Sa≈26 nm），但表面形貌和亚表面微观结构的演化机制存在显著差异：PCD工具产生1.5 μm厚的亚表层，其特征是细晶粒和广泛的位错纠缠，形成细晶粒增强区。相反，SCD工具产生的颗粒破碎区厚度相似，但包含局部带状位错。PCD刀具诱导的精细组织更有利于提高钨合金的耐辐照性。本研究验证了在钨合金UEVC中用PCD代替SCD工具的可行性，为实现钨合金组件的高效、低成本和UPM提供了一条有前途的途径，显著提高了UEVC技术的工业应用潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Fretting wear and fatigue behavior evaluation of aluminum alloy–steel connections fasten by type II ring groove rivet under tension loading 张拉载荷下II型环槽铆钉紧固铝合金钢连接的微动磨损及疲劳性能评价

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206472

Dongfang Zeng , Yongjie Su , Yan Xu , Zhisheng Liu , Tian Xu , Chaotao Liu , Liantao Lu

This study investigates the fretting wear and fatigue behavior of aluminum alloy–steel connections fastened using type II ring groove rivets under tension loading. It includes fatigue testing, fretting wear and fatigue analysis, and subsequent fatigue strength prediction. Experimental results reveal that fatigue cracks initiate at the edge of the prefabricated hole in the aluminum alloy plate, accompanied by severe fretting wear at the interface between the rivet and the aluminum alloy plate. A finite element model was developed to analyze the contact status and stress distribution within the riveted structure. The actual clamping force was determined by comparing the contact status of the clamped plates observed experimentally and in simulations. Results indicate that the clamping force significantly decreases from its initial value during the test, leading to a reduction in the fatigue strength of the riveted structure. Additionally, the fatigue crack initiation location shifts from the length to the width direction of the aluminum plate, and from a location distant from the prefabricated hole to the hole edge. As tensile stresses govern the crack initiation, the SWT criterion, when accounting for clamping force loss, accurately identifies fatigue crack initiation sites in riveted connection, with a fatigue strength prediction error of 15 %.

本文研究了II型环槽铆钉固定的铝合金-钢连接在拉伸载荷下的微动磨损和疲劳行为。它包括疲劳试验、微动磨损和疲劳分析，以及随后的疲劳强度预测。试验结果表明：铝合金板预制孔边缘处产生疲劳裂纹，铆钉与铝合金板界面处出现严重的微动磨损；建立了有限元模型，分析了铆接结构内部的接触状态和应力分布。实际夹紧力是通过对比实验和模拟观察到的夹紧板的接触状态来确定的。结果表明，在试验过程中，夹紧力较初始值明显减小，导致铆接结构的疲劳强度降低。疲劳裂纹起裂位置由铝板的长度方向向宽度方向偏移，由预制孔向孔边缘偏移。由于拉伸应力控制裂纹起裂，当考虑夹紧力损失时，SWT准则可以准确识别铆接连接的疲劳裂纹起裂位置，疲劳强度预测误差为15%。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite on crack propagation in hypoeutectoid rails considering microstructural deformation 珠光体和原共析铁素体对考虑显微组织变形的亚共析钢轨裂纹扩展的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206474

Honghao Wang , Wenjian Wang , Shuyue Zhang , Hudong Xue , Haohao Ding , Zhiyong Shi , Enrico Meli , Roger Lewis , Qiyue Liu , Andrea Rindi , Zhongrong Zhou

The evolution of microstructure influences rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack propagation behavior. This study aims to investigate the effect of pearlite and proeutectoid ferrite on crack propagation in hypoeutectoid rails. The dry-wet alternation RCF tests were conducted using different hypoeutectoid rail steels to simulate crack propagation within the deformation and matrix layers. Subsequently, the relationship between microstructure characteristics (proeutectoid ferrite content (PF%) and pearlite interlamellar spacing (ILS)) and crack propagation behaviors (crack characteristics and propagation modes) was explored using statistical analysis. The results indicated that proeutectoid ferrite played a crucial role in determining crack propagation paths. Specifically, a higher PF% facilitated crack propagation at a smaller angle within the deformation layer, while also promoting more pronounced branching in the matrix layer. Crack propagation along proeutectoid ferrite exhibited a greater tendency, as evidenced by its proportion being approximately four times that of PF%. Moreover, in the deformation layer, proeutectoid ferrite was stretched into plastic flow lines that served as grain boundaries, which can suppress the upward crack propagation. The reduction of ILS would decrease the degree of deformation, crack depth, and the proportion of transgranular propagation. Within the matrix layer, the rail steels with a lower ILS exhibited a notable reduction in the proportion of transgranular propagation, causing the crack propagation along pearlite lamellae with lower energy dissipation.

微观组织的演变影响着滚动接触疲劳裂纹扩展行为。本研究旨在探讨珠光体和原共析铁素体对亚共析钢轨裂纹扩展的影响。采用不同的亚共析钢轨钢进行干湿交替RCF试验，模拟变形层和基体层内裂纹扩展。随后，利用统计分析方法探讨了微观组织特征（原共析铁素体含量（PF%）和珠光体层间间距（ILS））与裂纹扩展行为（裂纹特征和扩展模式）之间的关系。结果表明，原共析铁素体对裂纹扩展路径起决定性作用。具体而言，较高的PF%有利于裂纹在变形层内以较小的角度扩展，同时也促进了基体层中更明显的分支。裂纹沿预共析铁素体扩展的趋势更大，裂纹沿预共析铁素体扩展的比例约为PF%的4倍。在变形层中，原共析铁素体被拉伸成充当晶界的塑性流线，可以抑制裂纹向上扩展。ls的减小会降低变形程度、裂纹深度和穿晶扩展比例。在基体层内，低ILS的钢轨钢穿晶扩展比例显著降低，导致裂纹沿珠光体片扩展，能量耗散较低。

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引用次数: 0

Influence of lubrication state on the fretting wear behavior and mechanism of steel wire in the internal spiral contact of wire rope 润滑状态对钢丝绳内螺旋接触中钢丝微动磨损行为及机理的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206469

Kun Huang , Xiangdong Chang , Yuxing Peng , Wei Tang , Zhou Zhou , Hao Lu , Xiuheng Zhang , Gushuo Jiang , Ran Deng

Fretting wear in mine hoisting rope is a key factor affecting its service reliability, and lubrication state plays a decisive role in this process. In this study, the fretting wear characteristics of wires under six working conditions of dry friction, oil/grease lubrication, water lubrication, oil-starved and grease-starved lubrication were systematically studied by a specialized fretting device. The results show that different lubrication states significantly affect the evolution law and steady-state value of coefficient of friction (COF). The dry friction is the highest, the full oil/grease lubrication is lower, the water lubrication is in the middle and fluctuates significantly, and the COF is close to dry friction at the end of starved lubrication. In addition, the fretting regime between wires is also closely related to the lubrication state between wires. Furthermore, sufficient oil/grease lubrication significantly reduces wear, while poor lubrication (dry friction, oil-starved, grease-starved, water) aggravates wear. The wear mechanisms of dry friction and oil/grease-deficient lubrication are mainly characterized by abrasive, surface fatigue and adhesion. Dry friction and oil/grease-deficient lubrication also involve tribochemical reaction. The wear mechanisms of water lubrication is mainly abrasive and surface fatigue. The wear mechanism of oil/grease lubrication is mainly abrasive.

矿井提升绳的微动磨损是影响其使用可靠性的关键因素，而润滑状态在此过程中起着决定性的作用。利用专用微动装置，系统研究了干摩擦、油/脂润滑、水润滑、缺油和缺脂润滑6种工况下钢丝的微动磨损特性。结果表明，不同的润滑状态对摩擦系数的演化规律和稳态值有显著影响。干摩擦最高，满油/脂润滑较低，水润滑居中且波动较大，无油润滑末COF接近干摩擦。此外，丝间的微动状态也与丝间的润滑状态密切相关。此外，充分的油/脂润滑可显著减少磨损，而润滑不良（干摩擦、缺油、缺脂、缺水）会加剧磨损。干摩擦和无油/无脂润滑的磨损机制主要表现为磨粒性、表面疲劳和粘附性。干摩擦和无油/无脂润滑也涉及摩擦化学反应。水润滑的磨损机制主要是磨粒和表面疲劳。油/脂润滑的磨损机制主要是磨料磨损。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental study of impregnated diamond bit part 2: Effect of the bit wear state on the drilling response 浸渍金刚石钻头试验研究第二部分：钻头磨损状态对钻进响应的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206466

Rui Huang, Thomas Richard, Masood Mostofi

Impregnated diamond bits are widely used in hard rock drilling due to their robust structure and self-sharpening nature. In the companion study, we showed how the depth of cut and the rock properties (Mohs hardness) control the dominant wear mechanisms and proposed a method to select operating parameters that balance productivity with bit wear. This sequel paper develops quantitative relationships between the bit wear state and the drilling response — that is, the relationship between the bit kinematics (feed rate and angular velocity) and the forces acting on the bit (axial thrust and torque). These relations yield a relation between the performance (feed rate) and the energy or power required to achieve the performance, which is essential to improve drilling efficiency. These relations provide also the framework to analyse drilling data in real time to assess the bit state of wear and identify optimum drilling parameters.

A laboratory experimental methodology was developed to (i) measure the bit wear state and (ii) construct the drilling response. Controlled drilling experiments were conducted on a high-precision rig using three sizes of impregnated diamond tools across a wide range of wear states, characterized by diamond wear flats, matrix wear flats, and average diamond protrusion. Bit wear was measured before and after each test using an optical microscope. Experiments were performed under varying operating conditions, including different rock types, drilling fluids, flow rates, and rotation speeds.

浸渍金刚石钻头因其坚固的结构和自锐性被广泛应用于硬岩钻井。在相关研究中，我们展示了切割深度和岩石性质（莫氏硬度）如何控制主要磨损机制，并提出了一种选择作业参数的方法，以平衡生产率和钻头磨损。这篇后续论文发展了钻头磨损状态与钻井响应之间的定量关系，即钻头运动学（进给速率和角速度）与作用在钻头上的力（轴向推力和扭矩）之间的关系。这些关系产生了性能（进给速率）与实现性能所需的能量或功率之间的关系，这对于提高钻井效率至关重要。这些关系还为实时分析钻井数据、评估钻头磨损状态和确定最佳钻井参数提供了框架。开发了一种实验室实验方法来(i)测量钻头磨损状态和（ii）构建钻井响应。在高精度钻井平台上，使用三种尺寸的浸渍金刚石工具进行了控制钻井实验，这些工具的磨损状态包括金刚石磨损平面、基体磨损平面和平均金刚石突出度。在每次测试前后使用光学显微镜测量钻头磨损。实验是在不同的操作条件下进行的，包括不同的岩石类型、钻井液、流速和旋转速度。

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引用次数: 0

Enhancing the wear resistance of a light-weight TiAlCrNb-based medium-entropy alloy by matrix strengthening and hard Ti3Al precipitates 通过基体强化和硬Ti3Al析出提高轻量化tialcrnb基中熵合金的耐磨性

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206470

Xia Li , Jiang Ju , Bo Xiao , Weicheng Xiao , Jixun Zhang , Jie Gan , Tzuhsiu Chou , Junhua Luan , Haibo Ke , Weihua Wang , Tao Yang

Achieving enhanced wear resistance in light-weight alloys is crucial for aerospace and automotive applications. Simultaneously strengthening the matrix and introducing hard precipitates is fundamentally required. Here, we have designed an innovative strategy to enhance the wear resistance of the light-weight TiAlCrNb-based medium-entropy alloy (MEA) through strengthened matrix and hard Ti₃Al precipitates synergistically. Compared with the TiAlCrNb, the TiAlCrNb-1.5(ZrO₂) MEA exhibits a 39 % reduction in wear volume to

{2.02 \times 10}^{‐ 2}

mm³, a 16 % reduction in the maximum wear depth to 2.0 μm, and a 39 % reduction in wear rate to

{2.02 \times 10}^{‐ 3}

mm³/(N·m), which is primarily attributed to the hardness increment of the β matrix and the formation of the hard Ti₃Al precipitates. Our quantitative analyses indicate that the hardness increment mainly comes from grain refinement strengthening, solid-solution strengthening facilitated by integrating dissolved oxygen in the β phase, and the dislocation strengthening from the substructures and unrecrystallized structures. Additionally, introducing Ti₃Al precipitates into the TiAlCrNb matrix shows a 78 % reduction in the thickness of the deformation layer. Then, it impedes the dislocation movement, which significantly improves the wear resistance of the TiAlCrNb-1.5(ZrO₂) MEA. Our research presents novel findings on the engineering of advanced wear-resistant alloys, highlighting innovative design strategies that enhance their performance and durability.

提高轻质合金的耐磨性对于航空航天和汽车应用至关重要。同时强化基体和引入硬相是基本要求。在此，我们设计了一种创新的策略，通过强化基体和硬Ti3Al相的协同作用来提高轻质tialcrnb基中熵合金（MEA）的耐磨性。与TiAlCrNb相比，TiAlCrNb-1.5(ZrO2) MEA的磨损体积减小39%至2.02×10‐2 mm3，最大磨损深度减小16%至2.0 μm，磨损速率减小39%至2.02×10‐3 mm3/(N·m)，这主要归因于β基体硬度的增加和硬Ti3Al析出相的形成。定量分析表明，硬度的增加主要来自晶粒细化强化、溶解氧融入β相促进的固溶强化以及亚组织和非再结晶组织的位错强化。此外，在TiAlCrNb基体中引入Ti3Al析出物可使变形层厚度减小78%。阻碍位错运动，显著提高了TiAlCrNb-1.5(ZrO2) MEA的耐磨性。我们的研究展示了先进耐磨合金工程的新发现，突出了提高其性能和耐久性的创新设计策略。

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引用次数: 0

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