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Fretting wear behavior of silicone rubber under quartz sand abrasives

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205721

Jie Su , Teng-Fei Zhang , Liao-Liang Ke

Silicone rubber dynamic seals used in abrasive contaminated environments often fail due to fretting wear of silicone rubber. Analysis of the fretting wear mechanism for silicone rubber containing hard abrasive particles on the contact interface can improve the safety in service and reliability design of silicone rubber seals. The fretting wear behavior of silicone rubber is experimentally investigated under quartz sand abrasives. Five different abrasive concentrations and four different abrasive sizes (26–40 mesh, 40–60 mesh, 60–80 mesh, and 110–160 mesh) of quartz sand abrasives are considered. The sphere-on-flat contact between 440C steel ball and silicone rubber coating is used as the contact model in fretting wear experiments. Fretting wear experiments are conducted by the reciprocating friction wear tester under different experiment conditions, including normal force, displacement amplitude, and frequency. Three-dimensional white-light interference profilometer and scanning electron microscope are utilized to measure wear volume and fretting wear morphology. The fretting state is analyzed based on the friction curves regarding relative tangential displacement and tangential force. The influences of the abrasive concentration, displacement amplitude, abrasive size, frequency, and normal force on the fretting state, coefficient of friction, wear volume, damage characteristic, and fretting wear performance are studied in detail. The results show that the introduction of a small amount of quartz sand abrasives on the contact surface can improve wear resistance of silicone rubber. But excessive quartz sand abrasives can lead to poor wear resistance of silicone rubber when the displacement amplitude or normal force is large.

{"title":"Fretting wear behavior of silicone rubber under quartz sand abrasives","authors":"Jie Su , Teng-Fei Zhang , Liao-Liang Ke","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silicone rubber dynamic seals used in abrasive contaminated environments often fail due to fretting wear of silicone rubber. Analysis of the fretting wear mechanism for silicone rubber containing hard abrasive particles on the contact interface can improve the safety in service and reliability design of silicone rubber seals. The fretting wear behavior of silicone rubber is experimentally investigated under quartz sand abrasives. Five different abrasive concentrations and four different abrasive sizes (26–40 mesh, 40–60 mesh, 60–80 mesh, and 110–160 mesh) of quartz sand abrasives are considered. The sphere-on-flat contact between 440C steel ball and silicone rubber coating is used as the contact model in fretting wear experiments. Fretting wear experiments are conducted by the reciprocating friction wear tester under different experiment conditions, including normal force, displacement amplitude, and frequency. Three-dimensional white-light interference profilometer and scanning electron microscope are utilized to measure wear volume and fretting wear morphology. The fretting state is analyzed based on the friction curves regarding relative tangential displacement and tangential force. The influences of the abrasive concentration, displacement amplitude, abrasive size, frequency, and normal force on the fretting state, coefficient of friction, wear volume, damage characteristic, and fretting wear performance are studied in detail. The results show that the introduction of a small amount of quartz sand abrasives on the contact surface can improve wear resistance of silicone rubber. But excessive quartz sand abrasives can lead to poor wear resistance of silicone rubber when the displacement amplitude or normal force is large.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205721"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143096707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An integrated mechanism and data model for adaptive wear state diagnosis via moving wear particles

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205722

Shuo Wang , Yishi Chang , Hui Wei , Miao Wan , Tonghai Wu , Ying Du

Moving wear debris analysis (M-WDA) serves as a pivotal means for online wear state diagnosis of friction pairs. However, the diagnosis accuracy has been hampered by two major challenges: redundancy of particle indicators and high randomness in particle generation. To address this issue, an adaptive wear state diagnosis model (AWSD) is developed that integrates wear rate and wear mechanism via the structured modeling of particle indicators. Considering the redundancy in particle information, a random forest based selection strategy is constructed to refine the particle indicators by evaluating their significance. On this basis, a three-layer structure encompassing indicator-attribute-state is proposed for wear state characterization, and then applied to guide the neural network modeling for adaptive wear state diagnosis. With this methodology, wear rate and wear mechanism are integrated to mitigate the uncertainty that stems from the randomness of particle generation. For verification, the constructed model is tested using aero-engine particle samples under various operating stages, and the average diagnosis accuracy of wear states has been improved from 72.5 % to 95 % when compared to the existing methods. Additionally, the proposed AWSD model is employed to analyze the particles in accelerated rolling-sliding friction tests and identifies fatigue wear as the primary wear mode of bearing rollers.

{"title":"An integrated mechanism and data model for adaptive wear state diagnosis via moving wear particles","authors":"Shuo Wang , Yishi Chang , Hui Wei , Miao Wan , Tonghai Wu , Ying Du","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Moving wear debris analysis (M-WDA) serves as a pivotal means for online wear state diagnosis of friction pairs. However, the diagnosis accuracy has been hampered by two major challenges: redundancy of particle indicators and high randomness in particle generation. To address this issue, an adaptive wear state diagnosis model (AWSD) is developed that integrates wear rate and wear mechanism via the structured modeling of particle indicators. Considering the redundancy in particle information, a random forest based selection strategy is constructed to refine the particle indicators by evaluating their significance. On this basis, a three-layer structure encompassing indicator-attribute-state is proposed for wear state characterization, and then applied to guide the neural network modeling for adaptive wear state diagnosis. With this methodology, wear rate and wear mechanism are integrated to mitigate the uncertainty that stems from the randomness of particle generation. For verification, the constructed model is tested using aero-engine particle samples under various operating stages, and the average diagnosis accuracy of wear states has been improved from 72.5 % to 95 % when compared to the existing methods. Additionally, the proposed AWSD model is employed to analyze the particles in accelerated rolling-sliding friction tests and identifies fatigue wear as the primary wear mode of bearing rollers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205722"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wear mechanisms and transitions in advanced railway materials - a twin disc benchmark of Mn13, CrB1400 and R400HT

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205713

Sebastian Gapp , Georg Schnalzger , Jürgen Maierhofer , Werner Daves , Kazim Yildirimli , Roger Lewis , Uwe Oßberger , Christian Bucher , Thomas Titze

Twin disc tests are performed to determine the wear behaviour of three advanced crossing materials. In particular, the austenitic Hadfield steel Mn13, the ultrafine-pearlitic R400HT and the chromium bainitic CrB1400 steels are benchmarked. The investigated crossing materials are combined with the standard wheel material ER7. The tests are performed under two different contact pressures, 1 400 and 1 800 MPa, respectively. Dry conditions and a slip of 0.5% are used. The parameters evaluated are: wear rates, wear debris, plastic deformation, microstructural changes, friction coefficient and material hardness. R400HT is identified as exhibiting the highest wear resistance, although CrB1400 shows comparable results. Mn13 exhibits the highest wear rates. Three primary reasons for the elevated wear rates of Mn13 are identified. These include a significantly lower initial hardness, a distinct hardening mechanism in conjunction with a high work-hardening potential and a different wear mechanism that shows a high dependence on the applied contact pressure. The different wear mechanism is expected to be the main driver for the high wear rates.

{"title":"Wear mechanisms and transitions in advanced railway materials - a twin disc benchmark of Mn13, CrB1400 and R400HT","authors":"Sebastian Gapp , Georg Schnalzger , Jürgen Maierhofer , Werner Daves , Kazim Yildirimli , Roger Lewis , Uwe Oßberger , Christian Bucher , Thomas Titze","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Twin disc tests are performed to determine the wear behaviour of three advanced crossing materials. In particular, the austenitic Hadfield steel Mn13, the ultrafine-pearlitic R400HT and the chromium bainitic CrB1400 steels are benchmarked. The investigated crossing materials are combined with the standard wheel material ER7. The tests are performed under two different contact pressures, 1400 and 1800 MPa, respectively. Dry conditions and a slip of 0.5% are used. The parameters evaluated are: wear rates, wear debris, plastic deformation, microstructural changes, friction coefficient and material hardness. R400HT is identified as exhibiting the highest wear resistance, although CrB1400 shows comparable results. Mn13 exhibits the highest wear rates. Three primary reasons for the elevated wear rates of Mn13 are identified. These include a significantly lower initial hardness, a distinct hardening mechanism in conjunction with a high work-hardening potential and a different wear mechanism that shows a high dependence on the applied contact pressure. The different wear mechanism is expected to be the main driver for the high wear rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205713"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Slurry erosion of tool steels by large erodent particles

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205719

O.A. Zambrano, Weimin Qian, Jiaren (Jimmy) Jiang

Most of the erosion wear studies that have been conducted so far have been using particle sizes in the range of 20 μm–1000 μm. This research aims to bridge that gap by elucidating the effect of using large particles (2–4 mm) on erosion wear on a set of ten different tool steels using a slurry with 7.5 wt % of crushed silica at an impingement angle of 45°. Based on the effect of hardness on erosion resistance, the materials can be separated into two groups: One group of tool steels showed a good relationship between erosion resistance and initial hardness while the other group showed much less dependence on alloy hardness. No clear trend was observed on the effect of carbide volume fraction on erosion resistance. It was found that the ratio of hardness to Charpy impact toughness (CVN),

H_{\max} ⁄ C V N

, was an important parameter affecting the erosion resistance; wear loss increased initially with increase in the

H_{\max} ⁄ C V N

ratio and reached maximum at the ratio of 122.5. Further increase in this ratio led to decreased erosion resistance. Microhardness profile measurements beneath the wear surface revealed that the strain hardening of the matrix might have contributed to dissipating damage produced by the impact of large erodent particles. Additionally, wear scar analysis showed that microcutting and microploughing were the main operating wear micromechanisms along with indentation and microcracking for some steels. Indentation was less pronounced for steels having higher hardness/impact toughness ratios.

{"title":"Slurry erosion of tool steels by large erodent particles","authors":"O.A. Zambrano, Weimin Qian, Jiaren (Jimmy) Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most of the erosion wear studies that have been conducted so far have been using particle sizes in the range of 20 μm–1000 μm. This research aims to bridge that gap by elucidating the effect of using large particles (2–4 mm) on erosion wear on a set of ten different tool steels using a slurry with 7.5 wt % of crushed silica at an impingement angle of 45°. Based on the effect of hardness on erosion resistance, the materials can be separated into two groups: One group of tool steels showed a good relationship between erosion resistance and initial hardness while the other group showed much less dependence on alloy hardness. No clear trend was observed on the effect of carbide volume fraction on erosion resistance. It was found that the ratio of hardness to Charpy impact toughness (CVN), <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>max</mi></msub><mo>⁄</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span>, was an important parameter affecting the erosion resistance; wear loss increased initially with increase in the <span><math><mrow><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>max</mi></msub><mo>⁄</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> ratio and reached maximum at the ratio of 122.5. Further increase in this ratio led to decreased erosion resistance. Microhardness profile measurements beneath the wear surface revealed that the strain hardening of the matrix might have contributed to dissipating damage produced by the impact of large erodent particles. Additionally, wear scar analysis showed that microcutting and microploughing were the main operating wear micromechanisms along with indentation and microcracking for some steels. Indentation was less pronounced for steels having higher hardness/impact toughness ratios.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205719"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Failure characteristics and wear evolution of coated carbide tools with different geometric structures in turning GH4169 nickel-based superalloys

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205720

Xiaodong Zhang , Maojun Li , Sein Leung Soo , Xujing Yang

The GH4169 nickel-based superalloy, known for its exceptional high-temperature strength and creep resistance, is extensively utilized in the aerospace and energy sectors. Despite these advantageous properties, machining GH4169 poses significant challenges due to its high plasticity, cutting forces and elevated temperatures, which lead to rapid tool wear and potential surface integrity issues. This study investigates these challenges by selecting inserts with different chip breaker structures to examine tool wear during the turning of GH4169 alloy. The wear mechanisms and catastrophic failure mechanisms of different tools were explored, elucidating the wear evolution process during turning. The study focused on the impact of different chip breaker structures on tool wear and turning performance. Results indicated that the high plasticity and elevated cutting temperatures of nickel-based superalloy primarily caused catastrophic tool failure in the form of chipping. The geometric structure of the tools, particularly the chip breaker, significantly influenced chip formation and breakage, thereby affecting the thermal state and wear resistance of the tools. Additionally, a theoretical model of the turning profile height was developed, and the surface integrity of the machined surface was comprehensively analyzed. This research provides insights into optimizing tool design and machining parameters for improved efficiency in machining nickel-based superalloys.

{"title":"Failure characteristics and wear evolution of coated carbide tools with different geometric structures in turning GH4169 nickel-based superalloys","authors":"Xiaodong Zhang , Maojun Li , Sein Leung Soo , Xujing Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The GH4169 nickel-based superalloy, known for its exceptional high-temperature strength and creep resistance, is extensively utilized in the aerospace and energy sectors. Despite these advantageous properties, machining GH4169 poses significant challenges due to its high plasticity, cutting forces and elevated temperatures, which lead to rapid tool wear and potential surface integrity issues. This study investigates these challenges by selecting inserts with different chip breaker structures to examine tool wear during the turning of GH4169 alloy. The wear mechanisms and catastrophic failure mechanisms of different tools were explored, elucidating the wear evolution process during turning. The study focused on the impact of different chip breaker structures on tool wear and turning performance. Results indicated that the high plasticity and elevated cutting temperatures of nickel-based superalloy primarily caused catastrophic tool failure in the form of chipping. The geometric structure of the tools, particularly the chip breaker, significantly influenced chip formation and breakage, thereby affecting the thermal state and wear resistance of the tools. Additionally, a theoretical model of the turning profile height was developed, and the surface integrity of the machined surface was comprehensively analyzed. This research provides insights into optimizing tool design and machining parameters for improved efficiency in machining nickel-based superalloys.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205720"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical Eulerian modeling of erosion in blinded T-Bends: A parametric study

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205717

Ali Shabestari Shirazi, Hossein Ali Pakravan

Pneumatic conveying systems, while offering design flexibility through fittings and bends, are susceptible to erosion within these components, compromising system integrity. This study focuses on erosion prediction and mitigation within blinded T-bends using numerical simulations. An Eulerian-Eulerian approach was adopted to model the gas-solid two-phase flow, with an erosion model based on monolayer energy dissipation employed to quantify erosion rates. Numerical results were validated through experimental data. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of air mass flow rate (0.025–0.07 kg/s), particle mass flow rate (1–3 kg/s), and blind end length (L/D = 0.5, 1, 1.5) on erosion. Results indicate a positive correlation between erosion rate and both air and particle mass flow rates, emphasizing the need for optimized airflow conditions. Conversely, increasing the blind end length was found to reduce erosion. This research provides valuable insights for designing pneumatic conveying systems with enhanced durability and efficiency.

引用次数: 0

Friction and wear mechanisms of hot-pressed SiC-in situ Zr2CN composites in extreme conditions of humidity and temperature

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205718

Nilesh V. Dorkar , Young-Wook Kim , B. Venkata Manoj Kumar

Hot-pressed SiC-in situ Zr₂CN composites were subjected to sliding against SiC counterbody in varying conditions of humidity (≤20 % RH and ≥90 % RH), and temperature (25 °C and 500 °C). Results demonstrated that sliding friction and wear decreased with increasing ZrN content from 0 to 10 vol% in the initial powder composition. Wear resistance increased by 37% at dry, 79% at humid and 54% at high temperature condition for the composite with 10 vol% initial ZrN content in comparison to monolithic SiC ceramics. While the presence of Zr₂CN phase in SiC ceramics reduced fracture and pull-out, friction and wear are found to be minimum at humid condition due to the formation of thick tribo-oxidative layer at the contact. Results obtained from this study indicate the potential aspects of SiC-10 vol% ZrN composites in tribological applications where material in sliding contacts experiences extreme conditions of humidity and temperature.

引用次数: 0

Strengthening effects of Mg-Si precipitates on wear resistance of SiCp/Al-Si-Mg composites

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205716

Chengtong Ye , Lina Jia , Yan Qi , Zuheng Jin , Yanyu Liu , Wenbo Wang , Hu Zhang

The effects of Mg on wear resistance of SiC_p/Al-Si-Mg composites were studied. Comparative analyses between equivalent von-Mises stresses and yield stresses of α-Al and SiC were calculated, and quasi-in-situ observation were conducted to reveal the wear behavior and modes. During reciprocating frictions, the matrix with better plasticity is the weak part in composites. Due to the deformation discontinuity, the interface between SiC and matrix tends to separate leading to surface cracks and wear failure. Therefore, increasing the strength of α-Al and improving the deformation coordination between α-Al and SiC are the crux to improve wear resistance. 1 wt% Mg addition introduces Mg-Si GP zones and B′ precipitates into α-Al, resulting in precipitation strengthening which improves the wear resistance of composites.

引用次数: 0

Effect of slip on the residual stress and tribological behavior of a class C wheel steel after twin-disc tests

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205711

R.C. Rocha , H. Ewald , E.M. Almeida , A.B. Rezende , P.R. Mei

The tribological behavior of rails and wheels is a topic of great relevance to the railway industry. However, simulating the complex interactions that occur in the wheel-rail contact presents a challenge to researchers. In this context, tests using the twin-disc tribometer have emerged as a promising alternative. In the test, it is common for the disc with the higher speed (driving disc) to be used to simulate the behavior of the wheel, while the disc with the lower speed (driven disc) simulates the rail. Nonetheless, many studies base their discussions on the differences in tribological behavior between the wheel and the rail considering only microstructural aspects and the hardness relationship between the materials of the wheel and the rail. This study evaluated the effect of slip rates of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %, as well as the residual stresses generated, on the tribological behavior of class C wheel steel. To isolate the effects of microstructure and hardness, the same material was used in the fabrication of both discs employed in the tests. The results showed that although both discs were made of the same material, the driving disc exhibited greater wear than the driven disc. This finding is frequently reported in the literature, mainly due to the microstructural differences between the discs; still, this study, which used the same material for both discs, achieved the same result. This highlights the need for further discussion on the causes of wear on the driving disc, as the wear may not be solely attributed to the microstructural effects of the materials, contrarily to what is widely indicated in the literature. The results of this study demonstrate that the different residual stresses on the discs, along with the contact dynamics, play a significant role influencing the tribological behavior of the materials tested in the twin-disc tribometer.

{"title":"Effect of slip on the residual stress and tribological behavior of a class C wheel steel after twin-disc tests","authors":"R.C. Rocha , H. Ewald , E.M. Almeida , A.B. Rezende , P.R. Mei","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2024.205711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological behavior of rails and wheels is a topic of great relevance to the railway industry. However, simulating the complex interactions that occur in the wheel-rail contact presents a challenge to researchers. In this context, tests using the twin-disc tribometer have emerged as a promising alternative. In the test, it is common for the disc with the higher speed (driving disc) to be used to simulate the behavior of the wheel, while the disc with the lower speed (driven disc) simulates the rail. Nonetheless, many studies base their discussions on the differences in tribological behavior between the wheel and the rail considering only microstructural aspects and the hardness relationship between the materials of the wheel and the rail. This study evaluated the effect of slip rates of 1 %, 3 %, and 5 %, as well as the residual stresses generated, on the tribological behavior of class C wheel steel. To isolate the effects of microstructure and hardness, the same material was used in the fabrication of both discs employed in the tests. The results showed that although both discs were made of the same material, the driving disc exhibited greater wear than the driven disc. This finding is frequently reported in the literature, mainly due to the microstructural differences between the discs; still, this study, which used the same material for both discs, achieved the same result. This highlights the need for further discussion on the causes of wear on the driving disc, as the wear may not be solely attributed to the microstructural effects of the materials, contrarily to what is widely indicated in the literature. The results of this study demonstrate that the different residual stresses on the discs, along with the contact dynamics, play a significant role influencing the tribological behavior of the materials tested in the twin-disc tribometer.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"564 ","pages":"Article 205711"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143141034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current-carrying lubricating behavior of gallium-based liquid metal for Cu/Al tribo-pair

IF 5.3 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2024-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2024.205715

Xuhu Zhang , Jiqiang Ma , Jie Guo , Juanjuan Chen , Hui Tan , Jun Cheng , Shengyu Zhu , Jun Yang

Current-carrying friction and wear issues have a significant impact on the performance and service life of electrical systems. This paper investigated lubricating behavior of gallium-based liquid metal (GLM) for the Cu/Al current-carrying tribo-pair. The results showed that when there is GLM lubrication, the coefficient of friction is in the range of 0.19–0.27, and the wear rate of Cu alloy is in the range of 0.87 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/Nm to 1.83 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/Nm. Compared without GLM lubricant, the coefficient of friction is decreased by approximately 1.3–2.5 times, and the wear rate is decreased by around 3.1 to 8.3 times. Its main lubrication mechanism is to generate a uniform and stable Ga-Al metal film at the friction interface, thereby effectively preventing the direct contact between the tribo-pairs and the occurrence of arc ablation.

引用次数: 0

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