IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206577

Jinxing Huang, Zhigang Dong, Renke Kang, Shang Gao

Yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) wafers are critical components of high-energy thin-film lasers, requiring precise processing to achieve superior surface quality for higher damage thresholds. Ultra-precision grinding provides an efficient method to thin the wafers and obtain low-damage surfaces, reducing subsequent processing time and costs. However, research regarding the impact of grinding damage on the minimum chip thickness (MCT) and subsurface damage (SSD) of YAG wafers remains insufficient. In this research, variable and constant load scratch tests were conducted on pre-ground and pre-polished YAG wafer. The surface topography and SSD of the scratches was examined. The MCT of these surfaces were determined based on the friction coefficient and surface morphology, and the results were validated through grinding experiments. The findings reveal that, under identical normal loads, scratches on the polished surface exhibit a greater tendency for chip formation. Grinding damage substantially increases the MCT compared to the polished surface. Material removal becomes unfeasible as the grain cutting depth is insufficient to initiate the MCT during grinding. Additionally, the SSD depth of scratch on the surface with grinding damage is considerably lower than that on the polished one. Furthermore, to clarify the impact of grinding damage on the MCT and SSD depth, the stress field was calculated. The findings of this work could provide crucial support for optimizing grinding parameters and predicting grinding forces in hard-brittle materials.

钇铝石榴石（YAG）晶圆是高能薄膜激光器的关键部件，需要精确的加工才能实现更高损伤阈值的卓越表面质量。超精密磨削提供了一种有效的方法来薄化晶圆并获得低损伤表面，减少后续加工时间和成本。然而，磨削损伤对YAG晶圆最小芯片厚度（MCT）和亚表面损伤（SSD）影响的研究还不够。在本研究中，对预磨和预抛光的YAG硅片进行了变载荷和恒载荷划痕试验。检测了划痕的表面形貌和SSD。基于摩擦系数和表面形貌确定了这些表面的MCT，并通过磨削实验对结果进行了验证。研究结果表明，在相同的正常载荷下，抛光表面的划痕更容易形成切屑。与抛光表面相比，磨削损伤大大增加了MCT。由于晶粒切割深度不足以在磨削过程中启动MCT，材料去除变得不可行。此外，磨削损伤表面的SSD划痕深度明显低于抛光表面。为了明确磨削损伤对MCT和SSD深度的影响，计算了应力场。研究结果可为硬脆材料的磨削参数优化和磨削力预测提供重要支持。

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引用次数: 0

Wear effect during dynamic sliding of hard cone tips on soft planes 硬锥尖在软平面上动态滑动时的磨损效应

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206556

Kazuo Arakawa

Experimental and model analyses were conducted on the dynamics of hard cone tips sliding on soft planes. Sliding velocity v was measured using hard steel cone tips on flat semi-brittle polypropylene surfaces. The wear effect was estimated by measuring the widths of the surface grooves formed during tip sliding and calculating the sectional area A'. An analytical model was developed from the assumption that the compressive force at the tip is given by λ'A'v, where λ' is a surface parameter related to A'. These analytical expressions illustrate the key features of the experimental results, including velocity and wear changes that occur during tip sliding.

对硬锥尖在软平面上滑动的动力学特性进行了实验和模型分析。滑动速度v是用硬钢锥尖在平坦的半脆聚丙烯表面上测量的。通过测量齿尖滑动过程中形成的表面沟槽宽度和计算截面积A′来估计磨损效应。假设顶端的压缩力由λ‘A‘v给出，其中λ’是与A’相关的表面参数，建立了解析模型。这些解析表达式说明了实验结果的关键特征，包括在尖端滑动过程中发生的速度和磨损变化。

引用次数: 0

Wear mechanism of wear-resistant martensite steel with (Fe, Cr)7C3 reinforced phase particles （Fe, Cr）7C3增强相颗粒耐磨马氏体钢的磨损机理

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206550

Menghu Wang, Wubin Ren, Shuai Tong, Xinjun Sun

In this work, the synergistic wear mechanisms in a martensitic steel reinforced with (Fe, Cr)₇C₃ carbide particles were revealed. Matrix hardness was tailored through controlled quenching, and wear performance was assessed under both three-body (rubber wheel) and two-body (pin-on-disk) abrasive conditions. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and white-light interferometry (WLI) revealed that the wear-resistant phase is predominantly composed of fine secondary carbides (<4 μm), alongside larger eutectic carbides. The carbide-reinforced steel demonstrates not only superior wear resistance compared to a homogeneous steel of the same hardness, but also a further increase in wear resistance with higher matrix hardness, revealing a clear synergistic effect. Notably, this synergy is much stronger under three-body than under two-body abrasion. Compared to high-chromium cast iron of similar hardness, the two materials display opposite performance trends in the two wear modes, which is attributed to the detrimental effect of large carbides in two-body wear. A simplified predictive model was developed to quantitatively validate this hardness–carbide synergy. This work provides mechanistic insights for designing advanced wear-resistant composites through optimized interplay between matrix hardness and carbide characteristics.

研究了（Fe, Cr）7C3碳化物颗粒增强马氏体钢的协同磨损机理。通过控制淬火调整基体硬度，并在三体（橡胶轮）和两体（销盘）磨料条件下评估磨损性能。利用扫描电镜（SEM）、电子探针显微分析（EPMA）和白光干涉法（WLI）进行的微观结构表征表明，耐磨相主要由细小的次生碳化物（<4 μm）和较大的共晶碳化物组成。碳化物增强钢的耐磨性不仅优于相同硬度的均质钢，而且随着基体硬度的提高，耐磨性进一步提高，表现出明显的协同效应。值得注意的是，这种协同作用在三体磨损下比在两体磨损下强得多。与硬度相近的高铬铸铁相比，两种材料在两种磨损模式下表现出相反的性能趋势，这是由于大碳化物对两体磨损的不利影响。开发了一个简化的预测模型来定量验证这种硬度-碳化物协同作用。这项工作通过优化基体硬度和碳化物特性之间的相互作用，为设计先进的耐磨复合材料提供了机理见解。

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引用次数: 0

Lubricating behavior of gallium-based liquid metal for space applications 镓基液态金属在空间应用中的润滑性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206582

Xuhu Zhang , Guirong Yang , Jiqiang Ma , Jie Guo , Juanjuan Chen , Hui Tan , Jun Cheng , Shengyu Zhu , Jun Yang

Gallium-based liquid metal (GLM), which combines superior lubricity, wide temperature range stability, and vacuum environment adaptability, is an emerging space lubricant. This study explores the frictional and wear characteristics of GLM for Cu/Al tribo-pairs under coupled vacuum-high temperature conditions. Under GLM lubrication, the friction coefficient and wear rate are decreased by approximately 0.5 ∼ 1.1 times and 7.1 ∼ 15.7 times respectively compared to dry friction. The excellent lubricating performance of GLM stems from the in-situ formation of a complete and continuous Ga-Al metallic friction film on the Cu alloy surface. The boundary lubrication effect generated by this friction film, in synergy with the fluid lubrication inherent to the liquid metal itself, effectively prevents direct contact between the frictional interfaces. However, high temperatures induce thermal softening of materials and intensify interfacial reactions, driving the further development of plastic deformation and corrosive wear of tribo-pairs, thereby leading to increased friction and wear.

镓基液态金属（GLM）具有优异的润滑性、宽温度范围稳定性和真空环境适应性，是一种新兴的空间润滑剂。研究了真空-高温耦合条件下Cu/Al摩擦副的GLM摩擦磨损特性。在GLM润滑下，与干摩擦相比，摩擦系数和磨损率分别降低了约0.5 ~ 1.1倍和7.1 ~ 15.7倍。GLM优异的润滑性能源于在Cu合金表面形成完整连续的Ga-Al金属摩擦膜。这种摩擦膜产生的边界润滑作用，与液态金属本身固有的流体润滑协同作用，有效地防止了摩擦界面之间的直接接触。但高温导致材料热软化，界面反应加剧，推动摩擦副塑性变形和腐蚀磨损进一步发展，从而导致摩擦磨损增加。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of composition variation on the tribological behavior of PAI-based solid lubricant coatings 组分变化对pai基固体润滑剂涂层摩擦学性能的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206565

Sung-Jun Lee , Chan-Woo Kim , Hye-Min Kwon , Hee Sup Shin , Yool Koo Kim , Chang-Lae Kim

This study investigated the tribological behavior of polyamide-imide (PAI) composite coatings containing various combinations of solid lubricants (graphite and activated carbon), silicon nitride, and epoxy binders. Eight different coating formulations were prepared and tested under low (200 mN) and high (200 N) load conditions. Surface analysis showed that the graphite formulations displayed plate-like structures, whereas the activated carbon formulations exhibited irregular, porous textures. Pure carbon coatings demonstrated excellent friction stability but poor wear resistance under high loads. The addition of silicon nitride and epoxy improved wear resistance, with 1.2 wt% carbon formulations reducing wear depth by up to 61 % and wear rate by up to 60 % compared to pure carbon formulations. An inverse relationship between the carbon content and wear resistance was observed. The wear mechanisms differed between graphite (delamination and platelet exfoliation) and activated carbon formulations (selective phase removal and plastic deformation). These results demonstrate that optimal tribological performance depends on the balance between the carbon content, additive interactions, and processing parameters.

本研究研究了含有固体润滑剂（石墨和活性炭）、氮化硅和环氧粘合剂的各种组合的聚酰胺-亚胺（PAI）复合涂层的摩擦学行为。制备了8种不同的涂层配方，并在低（200 mN）和高（200 mN）负载条件下进行了测试。表面分析表明，石墨配方表现为片状结构，而活性炭配方表现为不规则的多孔结构。纯碳涂层在高负荷下表现出优异的摩擦稳定性，但耐磨性差。氮化硅和环氧树脂的加入提高了耐磨性，与纯碳配方相比，1.2 wt%的碳配方可将磨损深度降低61%，磨损率降低60%。碳含量与耐磨性呈反比关系。石墨（分层和血小板剥落）和活性炭配方（选择性相去除和塑性变形）的磨损机制不同。这些结果表明，最佳的摩擦学性能取决于碳含量、添加剂相互作用和加工参数之间的平衡。

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引用次数: 0

Electric discharge damage mitigation through bearing surface topography design 通过轴承表面形貌设计减轻放电损伤

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206566

Liang Guo, Thijs Nijdam, Henk Mol, Lieuwe de Vries

This study examines the influence of surface roughness on electric discharge damage in rolling contacts. Building on our previously developed electric discharge energy model, which establishes the relationship between discharge energy and film thickness, this study leverages the known influence of surface roughness on film thickness to control electric discharge behaviour. Experiments were conducted using a Mini-Traction Machine (MTM) with smooth balls and washers of varying roughness. Post-test surface analyses identified key roughness parameters governing electric discharge behaviour, enabling the proposal of an optimal surface topography for the tested conditions. The observed damage levels correlated strongly with discharge energy measured during the tests, further validating the model and providing potential practical guidance for mitigating electric discharge damage.

本文研究了表面粗糙度对滚动触点放电损伤的影响。基于我们之前开发的放电能量模型，该模型建立了放电能量与薄膜厚度之间的关系，本研究利用已知的表面粗糙度对薄膜厚度的影响来控制放电行为。实验采用微型牵引机（MTM），采用不同粗糙度的光滑球和垫圈进行。测试后的表面分析确定了控制放电行为的关键粗糙度参数，从而为测试条件提出了最佳表面形貌。观察到的损伤水平与试验中测量的放电能量密切相关，进一步验证了模型，并为减轻放电损伤提供了潜在的实用指导。

引用次数: 0

Study on the mechanism of synergistic improvement of tribological properties in CuZn matrix self-lubricating composites by graphite lubricating phase and Y2O3 reinforcement phase 石墨润滑相与Y2O3增强相协同改善cu - zn基自润滑复合材料摩擦学性能的机理研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206579

Xin Zhang , Jiashang Li , Hanhan Yang , Liuchen Wu , Wenxiao Wang

In this study, a series of copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites reinforced with graphite (5 wt. %) and Y₂O₃ (0–2 wt. %) were fabricated using powder metallurgy. Their tribological properties and wear mechanisms under different sliding speeds (V₁ = 0.1 m/s, V₂ = 0.5 m/s, and V₃ = 1.0 m/s) were systematically investigated. The results indicate that graphite, as a solid lubricant, significantly reduces the coefficient of friction (COF). The C₄ composite (with 5 wt. % graphite and 1 wt. % Y₂O₃) exhibited the lowest COF of merely 0.2 under the V₃ condition (1.0 m/s), representing a 60% reduction compared to the C₁ composite without graphite (which had a COF as high as 0.5). Concurrently, the introduction of Y₂O₃ effectively compensated for the loss in mechanical properties caused by the addition of the graphite lubricant. The specific wear rate of the C₄ composite under a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s was reduced by approximately 75% compared to the C₁ composite. As the sliding speed increased, the thermo-mechanical coupling effect promoted the formation of a continuous friction surface layer composed of oxides, amorphous carbon, and a plastic deformation layer. The average wear debris particle size decreased from 1.14 μm under the C₁V₁ condition to 0.58 μm under the C₄V₃ condition. Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis confirmed that at a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s, the graphite structure in the copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites transformed into a highly defective amorphous state, while the oxidation degree of Cu was alleviated. This study's multi-scale reveals the synergistic lubrication-strengthening mechanism of graphite and Y₂O₃ over a wide speed range, providing a theoretical basis and data support for the design of high-performance copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites.

采用粉末冶金技术制备了一系列以石墨（5 wt. %）和Y2O3 （0 ~ 2 wt. %）为增强材料的铜锌基自润滑复合材料。系统研究了不同滑动速度（V1 = 0.1 m/s, V2 = 0.5 m/s, V3 = 1.0 m/s）下其摩擦学性能和磨损机理。结果表明，石墨作为固体润滑剂，可以显著降低摩擦系数。C4复合材料（含5wt . %石墨和1wt . % Y2O3）在V3条件下（1.0 m/s）表现出最低的COF，仅为0.2，与不含石墨的C1复合材料（COF高达0.5）相比降低了60%。同时，Y2O3的引入有效地弥补了石墨润滑剂的加入所造成的力学性能损失。在1.0 m/s的滑动速度下，C4复合材料的比磨损率比C1复合材料降低了约75%。随着滑动速度的增加，热-机械耦合效应促进了由氧化物、非晶碳和塑性变形层组成的连续摩擦面层的形成。磨损屑的平均粒径由C1V1条件下的1.14 μm减小到C4V3条件下的0.58 μm。拉曼光谱和XPS分析证实，在1.0 m/s的滑动速度下，铜锌基自润滑复合材料中的石墨结构转变为高度缺陷的非晶态，而Cu的氧化程度有所减轻。本研究在多尺度上揭示了石墨和Y2O3在大转速范围内的协同润滑强化机理，为高性能铜锌基自润滑复合材料的设计提供了理论依据和数据支持。

{"title":"Study on the mechanism of synergistic improvement of tribological properties in CuZn matrix self-lubricating composites by graphite lubricating phase and Y2O3 reinforcement phase","authors":"Xin Zhang , Jiashang Li , Hanhan Yang , Liuchen Wu , Wenxiao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206579","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206579","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a series of copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites reinforced with graphite (5 wt. %) and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0–2 wt. %) were fabricated using powder metallurgy. Their tribological properties and wear mechanisms under different sliding speeds (V<sub>1</sub> = 0.1 m/s, V<sub>2</sub> = 0.5 m/s, and V<sub>3</sub> = 1.0 m/s) were systematically investigated. The results indicate that graphite, as a solid lubricant, significantly reduces the coefficient of friction (COF). The C<sub>4</sub> composite (with 5 wt. % graphite and 1 wt. % Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) exhibited the lowest COF of merely 0.2 under the V<sub>3</sub> condition (1.0 m/s), representing a 60% reduction compared to the C<sub>1</sub> composite without graphite (which had a COF as high as 0.5). Concurrently, the introduction of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> effectively compensated for the loss in mechanical properties caused by the addition of the graphite lubricant. The specific wear rate of the C<sub>4</sub> composite under a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s was reduced by approximately 75% compared to the C<sub>1</sub> composite. As the sliding speed increased, the thermo-mechanical coupling effect promoted the formation of a continuous friction surface layer composed of oxides, amorphous carbon, and a plastic deformation layer. The average wear debris particle size decreased from 1.14 μm under the C<sub>1</sub>V<sub>1</sub> condition to 0.58 μm under the C<sub>4</sub>V<sub>3</sub> condition. Raman spectroscopy and XPS analysis confirmed that at a sliding speed of 1.0 m/s, the graphite structure in the copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites transformed into a highly defective amorphous state, while the oxidation degree of Cu was alleviated. This study's multi-scale reveals the synergistic lubrication-strengthening mechanism of graphite and Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> over a wide speed range, providing a theoretical basis and data support for the design of high-performance copper-zinc matrix self-lubricating composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206579"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of sintering temperature on the wear mechanism of in-situ TiC/Cu matrix composites with negative wear rate 烧结温度对负磨损率原位TiC/Cu基复合材料磨损机理的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206578

Xiaoqi Yang , Qian Qi , Lujie Wang , Xiquan Zhang , Huixian Zhang , Yueyang zhao , Yuanyang Zhu

The zero or negative wear rate of TiC/Cu matrix composite is the key factor to ensure the long service time, high reliability and stable operation of bearings. In this work, the wear loss and oxidation mass gain of TiC/Cu matrix composites simultaneously occur during the friction process, resulted in the negative wear rate. Besides, the sintering temperature significantly affects the phase composition and grain size of composites. The particle size of TiC increases from 0.23 to 2.15 μm with the increase of sintering temperature from 1050 °C to 1350 °C. As a result, the hardness of composites decreases from 567 HV₃₀ to 339 HV₃₀, while the oxidation rate increases. The wear resistance was tested by reciprocating friction method using GCr15 bearing steel balls as the friction pair. The wear rate of composites exhibits a negatively correlation with hardness. A continuous and stable tribo-oxidation layer consisting of TiO₂, CuO, Cu₂O, Fe₂O₃, FeO and Fe₃O₄ with good lubricating effect is formed on the wear surface of composites sintered higher than 1200 °C. It indicates that the higher oxidation rate accelerates the formation and repair of tribo-oxidation layer, while the lower hardness of substrate allows the plastic deformation of tribo-oxidation layer under the function of cyclic load. Therefore, the formation of a continuous and stable tribo-oxidation layer plays a crucial role in low coefficient of friction (COF) and negative wear rate of composites. The composites sintered at 1350 °C shows the lowest friction coefficient (0.55) and wear rate (−7.22 × 10³ μm³/N·m).

TiC/Cu基复合材料的零磨损率或负磨损率是保证轴承长使用时间、高可靠性和稳定运行的关键因素。在本研究中，TiC/Cu基复合材料在摩擦过程中同时发生磨损损失和氧化质量增加，导致负磨损率。此外，烧结温度对复合材料的相组成和晶粒尺寸有显著影响。随着烧结温度从1050℃升高到1350℃，TiC的粒径从0.23 μm增大到2.15 μm。结果表明，复合材料的硬度从567 HV30降低到339 HV30，氧化速率增加。采用GCr15轴承钢球作为摩擦副，采用往复摩擦法测试了其耐磨性。复合材料的磨损率与硬度呈负相关。在1200℃以上烧结的复合材料磨损表面形成由TiO2、CuO、Cu2O、Fe2O3、FeO和Fe3O4组成的连续稳定的摩擦氧化层，具有良好的润滑效果。结果表明，较高的氧化速率加速了摩擦氧化层的形成和修复，而较低的基体硬度允许摩擦氧化层在循环载荷作用下的塑性变形。因此，连续稳定的摩擦氧化层的形成对复合材料的低摩擦系数和负磨损率起着至关重要的作用。在1350℃烧结时，复合材料的摩擦系数（0.55）和磨损率（- 7.22 × 103 μm3/N·m）最低。

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引用次数: 0

Image-based monitoring of material emissions for wear characterization of laminated polymer composite gears 基于图像的层合聚合物复合齿轮磨损特性材料排放监测

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206563

Aleš Durjava, Bor Mojškerc, Zoran Bergant, Nikola Vukašinović

This work presents a computer vision image-based methodology for quantitative wear particle diagnostics in polymer composite gear systems. Conventional monitoring techniques typically provide limited information on the morphology and size distribution of the particles, restricting their diagnostic capability. In this study, optical microscopy is combined with computer vision image-based algorithms to characterize particles resulting from gear wear. Inspection at

50 \times

magnification captured approximately 70 % of the microplastic range, while complementary SEM analysis at

2500 \times

confirmed extended diagnostic capability at sub-micrometer scales. The circularity and aspect ratio of particles proved to be important indicators of wear stages, while the size of the particles remained consistent regardless of the torque applied. Approximately 80 % of the worn out volume was found consistently represented by 10–50

μ m

particles. The developed methodology provides reproducible and quantitative insights into gear wear stages that are not accessible through conventional monitoring. The results demonstrate potential for improved monitoring and reliable failure prediction in polymer composite tribosystems.

这项工作提出了一种基于计算机视觉图像的方法，用于聚合物复合齿轮系统的定量磨损颗粒诊断。传统的监测技术通常只能提供关于颗粒形态和大小分布的有限信息，限制了它们的诊断能力。在本研究中，光学显微镜与计算机视觉图像算法相结合，以表征齿轮磨损产生的颗粒。在50倍放大率下的检查捕获了大约70%的微塑性范围，而在2500倍放大率下的互补扫描电镜分析证实了在亚微米尺度上的扩展诊断能力。颗粒的圆度和长径比被证明是磨损阶段的重要指标，而颗粒的大小与施加的扭矩无关。大约80%的磨损体积由10-50 μm的颗粒组成。开发的方法提供了可重复的和定量的洞察齿轮磨损阶段，不能通过传统的监测。结果表明，在聚合物复合摩擦系统中，有可能改进监测和可靠的失效预测。

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引用次数: 0

Immersion and proteins reduce nanowear damage of CoCrMo under AFM single-asperity reciprocating sliding 浸渍和蛋白质可降低AFM单轴往复滑动作用下CoCrMo的纳米磨损损伤

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206557

Hwaran Lee , Jeremy L. Gilbert

This study investigated the environmental effect on the tribocorrosion behavior of cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nano-tribology under three environmental conditions: (1) air, (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and (3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS. Cyclic single-line scratches (8 μm) were generated using an AFM diamond tip (nominal radius 340 nm) under normal forces ranging from 137 to 170 μN (14.1–15.2 GPa stress). Tribological performance in solution-based conditions demonstrated significantly lower wear compared to air, contrary to the widely-accepted synergy of wear and corrosion. After 400 scratches, wear depth in air reached 62 nm, but reduced to 12 nm in PBS and further decreased to 7 nm in BSA. Similarly, wear volume in air (0.047 μm³), was 8 times greater than in PBS (0.0061 μm³) and 23 times greater than in BSA (0.0018 μm³) (p < 0.0001). Likewise, tests in air produced a greater volume of wear debris (0.116 μm³) than PBS (0.0076 μm³) and BSA (0.0018 μm³). Introducing fluid and albumin may alter the mechanical and electrochemical environment of CoCrMo oxide films to reduce wear. Unidentified proteinaceous aggregates in BSA environment suggest that proteins lubricate the surfaces and/or interacts with wear debris or ions.

本研究利用原子力显微镜（AFM）纳米摩擦学技术研究了三种环境条件下环境对钴铬钼（CoCrMo）合金摩擦腐蚀行为的影响：(1)空气、(2)磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）和(3)PBS中的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）。在137 ~ 170 μN （14.1 ~ 15.2 GPa应力）的法向力作用下，AFM金刚石尖（公称半径340 nm）产生了循环单线划痕（8 μm）。与广泛接受的磨损和腐蚀的协同作用相反，溶液条件下的摩擦学性能表明，与空气相比，溶液条件下的磨损明显更低。经过400次划痕后，空气中的磨损深度达到62 nm，但在PBS中减少到12 nm，在BSA中进一步减少到7 nm。同样，空气中的磨损量（0.047 μm3）是PBS （0.0061 μm3）的8倍，是BSA （0.0018 μm3）的23倍（p < 0.0001）。同样，在空气中测试产生的磨损碎片体积（0.116 μm3）大于PBS （0.0076 μm3）和BSA （0.0018 μm3）。引入流体和白蛋白可以改变CoCrMo氧化膜的力学和电化学环境，从而减少磨损。BSA环境中未知的蛋白质聚集体表明蛋白质润滑表面和/或与磨损碎片或离子相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

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