Pub Date : 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206576
J.X. Hou , G.L. Li , R. Yang , J.B. Zhang , T. Wang , X.Y. Gao , T.W. Zhang , Z.H. Wang , J.W. Qiao , W.W. Song , T. Yang
The tribological properties of a chemically complex intermetallic alloy (CCIMA) were enhanced through plasma nitriding surface treatment. The results revealed that nitriding led to the formation of complex nitrides, including TiN, AlN, BN, and CrN, on the alloy surface. Benefiting from this, the wear resistance of CCIMA has been significantly improved. At room temperature, plasma nitriding significantly reduced fatigue damage and oxidative wear, resulting in the wear rate of nitrided CCIMA (1.05 ± 0.36 × 10−5 mm3/Nm) being only one-fourteenth that of the un-nitrided substrate (1.49 ± 0.06 × 10−4 mm3/Nm). In addition, although the degree of delamination wear was exacerbated at elevated temperatures, the formation of the protective glaze layers allowed the nitrided CCIMA to maintain better wear resistance at 500 °C and 600 °C, with the wear rate of only 2.28 ± 0.49 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, and 5.38 ± 0.78 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, respectively. These findings provide an important theoretical and experimental basis for designing and developing new alloys with enhanced high-temperature wear resistance.
{"title":"A plasma nitriding-strengthened chemically complex intermetallic alloy with enhanced wear resistance at both room and elevated temperature regimes","authors":"J.X. Hou , G.L. Li , R. Yang , J.B. Zhang , T. Wang , X.Y. Gao , T.W. Zhang , Z.H. Wang , J.W. Qiao , W.W. Song , T. Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206576","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206576","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological properties of a chemically complex intermetallic alloy (CCIMA) were enhanced through plasma nitriding surface treatment. The results revealed that nitriding led to the formation of complex nitrides, including TiN, AlN, BN, and CrN, on the alloy surface. Benefiting from this, the wear resistance of CCIMA has been significantly improved. At room temperature, plasma nitriding significantly reduced fatigue damage and oxidative wear, resulting in the wear rate of nitrided CCIMA (1.05 ± 0.36 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm) being only one-fourteenth that of the un-nitrided substrate (1.49 ± 0.06 × 10<sup>−4</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm). In addition, although the degree of delamination wear was exacerbated at elevated temperatures, the formation of the protective glaze layers allowed the nitrided CCIMA to maintain better wear resistance at 500 °C and 600 °C, with the wear rate of only 2.28 ± 0.49 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, and 5.38 ± 0.78 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, respectively. These findings provide an important theoretical and experimental basis for designing and developing new alloys with enhanced high-temperature wear resistance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206576"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206556
Kazuo Arakawa
Experimental and model analyses were conducted on the dynamics of hard cone tips sliding on soft planes. Sliding velocity v was measured using hard steel cone tips on flat semi-brittle polypropylene surfaces. The wear effect was estimated by measuring the widths of the surface grooves formed during tip sliding and calculating the sectional area A'. An analytical model was developed from the assumption that the compressive force at the tip is given by λ'A'v, where λ' is a surface parameter related to A'. These analytical expressions illustrate the key features of the experimental results, including velocity and wear changes that occur during tip sliding.
{"title":"Wear effect during dynamic sliding of hard cone tips on soft planes","authors":"Kazuo Arakawa","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206556","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206556","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Experimental and model analyses were conducted on the dynamics of hard cone tips sliding on soft planes. Sliding velocity <em>v</em> was measured using hard steel cone tips on flat semi-brittle polypropylene surfaces. The wear effect was estimated by measuring the widths of the surface grooves formed during tip sliding and calculating the sectional area <em>A</em><em>'</em>. An analytical model was developed from the assumption that the compressive force at the tip is given by <em>λ'A</em><em>'</em><em>v</em>, where <em>λ</em><em>'</em> is a surface parameter related to <em>A</em><em>'</em>. These analytical expressions illustrate the key features of the experimental results, including velocity and wear changes that occur during tip sliding.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206556"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206550
Menghu Wang, Wubin Ren, Shuai Tong, Xinjun Sun
In this work, the synergistic wear mechanisms in a martensitic steel reinforced with (Fe, Cr)7C3 carbide particles were revealed. Matrix hardness was tailored through controlled quenching, and wear performance was assessed under both three-body (rubber wheel) and two-body (pin-on-disk) abrasive conditions. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and white-light interferometry (WLI) revealed that the wear-resistant phase is predominantly composed of fine secondary carbides (<4 μm), alongside larger eutectic carbides. The carbide-reinforced steel demonstrates not only superior wear resistance compared to a homogeneous steel of the same hardness, but also a further increase in wear resistance with higher matrix hardness, revealing a clear synergistic effect. Notably, this synergy is much stronger under three-body than under two-body abrasion. Compared to high-chromium cast iron of similar hardness, the two materials display opposite performance trends in the two wear modes, which is attributed to the detrimental effect of large carbides in two-body wear. A simplified predictive model was developed to quantitatively validate this hardness–carbide synergy. This work provides mechanistic insights for designing advanced wear-resistant composites through optimized interplay between matrix hardness and carbide characteristics.
{"title":"Wear mechanism of wear-resistant martensite steel with (Fe, Cr)7C3 reinforced phase particles","authors":"Menghu Wang, Wubin Ren, Shuai Tong, Xinjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206550","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206550","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work, the synergistic wear mechanisms in a martensitic steel reinforced with (Fe, Cr)<sub>7</sub>C<sub>3</sub> carbide particles were revealed. Matrix hardness was tailored through controlled quenching, and wear performance was assessed under both three-body (rubber wheel) and two-body (pin-on-disk) abrasive conditions. Microstructural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and white-light interferometry (WLI) revealed that the wear-resistant phase is predominantly composed of fine secondary carbides (<4 μm), alongside larger eutectic carbides. The carbide-reinforced steel demonstrates not only superior wear resistance compared to a homogeneous steel of the same hardness, but also a further increase in wear resistance with higher matrix hardness, revealing a clear synergistic effect. Notably, this synergy is much stronger under three-body than under two-body abrasion. Compared to high-chromium cast iron of similar hardness, the two materials display opposite performance trends in the two wear modes, which is attributed to the detrimental effect of large carbides in two-body wear. A simplified predictive model was developed to quantitatively validate this hardness–carbide synergy. This work provides mechanistic insights for designing advanced wear-resistant composites through optimized interplay between matrix hardness and carbide characteristics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206550"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-29DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206566
Liang Guo, Thijs Nijdam, Henk Mol, Lieuwe de Vries
This study examines the influence of surface roughness on electric discharge damage in rolling contacts. Building on our previously developed electric discharge energy model, which establishes the relationship between discharge energy and film thickness, this study leverages the known influence of surface roughness on film thickness to control electric discharge behaviour. Experiments were conducted using a Mini-Traction Machine (MTM) with smooth balls and washers of varying roughness. Post-test surface analyses identified key roughness parameters governing electric discharge behaviour, enabling the proposal of an optimal surface topography for the tested conditions. The observed damage levels correlated strongly with discharge energy measured during the tests, further validating the model and providing potential practical guidance for mitigating electric discharge damage.
{"title":"Electric discharge damage mitigation through bearing surface topography design","authors":"Liang Guo, Thijs Nijdam, Henk Mol, Lieuwe de Vries","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the influence of surface roughness on electric discharge damage in rolling contacts. Building on our previously developed electric discharge energy model, which establishes the relationship between discharge energy and film thickness, this study leverages the known influence of surface roughness on film thickness to control electric discharge behaviour. Experiments were conducted using a Mini-Traction Machine (MTM) with smooth balls and washers of varying roughness. Post-test surface analyses identified key roughness parameters governing electric discharge behaviour, enabling the proposal of an optimal surface topography for the tested conditions. The observed damage levels correlated strongly with discharge energy measured during the tests, further validating the model and providing potential practical guidance for mitigating electric discharge damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206566"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the grain size of the near-surface layer in carburized steel is refined to the submicron level by adjusting the parameters of carburizing heat treatment. The tribological test results indicate that the formation of a submicron-grained carburized layer reduces the average coefficient of friction from 0.75 to 0.54 and decreases the wear volume by approximately 40 %. Compared to the sample with non-sub-micron crystal region (NSMCR), the sample with sub-micron crystal region (SMCR) exhibits less severe oxidative and adhesive wear, along with narrower and shallower wear tracks. The microscopic wear mechanisms of the wear tracks are examined through a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). The carbides within the carburized layer of M50NiL steel provide structural support to the matrix, with notable deformation and increased dislocation density observed in surface carbides. Under cyclic loading during the tribological process, the surface grains in the carburized layer of M50NiL steel undergo nanocrystallization, significantly enhancing the surface hardness and mitigating further wear of the matrix. The SMCR sample exhibits a higher density of dispersed carbides and a greater degree of martensitic nanocrystallization in the wear layer, accompanied by reduced texture intensity. This is attributed to the enhanced precipitation of temper carbides promoted by the abundant grain and subgrain boundaries in the carburized layer of SMCR, which refines the martensite grains, improves the resistance to plastic deformation, and increases the randomness of grain orientation. By contrast, the wear track of the NSMCR sample exhibits stronger texture, with the long axes of martensite grains aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the sample surface. This alignment reduces the ability of the subsurface layer to resist crack propagation during wear.
{"title":"Microscopic wear mechanism of sub-micron crystals in M50NiL carburized layer","authors":"Zifeng Ding , Jiaxu Guo , Lina Zhou , Xinghong Zhang , Xinxin Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the grain size of the near-surface layer in carburized steel is refined to the submicron level by adjusting the parameters of carburizing heat treatment. The tribological test results indicate that the formation of a submicron-grained carburized layer reduces the average coefficient of friction from 0.75 to 0.54 and decreases the wear volume by approximately 40 %. Compared to the sample with non-sub-micron crystal region (NSMCR), the sample with sub-micron crystal region (SMCR) exhibits less severe oxidative and adhesive wear, along with narrower and shallower wear tracks. The microscopic wear mechanisms of the wear tracks are examined through a combination of focused ion beam (FIB) sample preparation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD). The carbides within the carburized layer of M50NiL steel provide structural support to the matrix, with notable deformation and increased dislocation density observed in surface carbides. Under cyclic loading during the tribological process, the surface grains in the carburized layer of M50NiL steel undergo nanocrystallization, significantly enhancing the surface hardness and mitigating further wear of the matrix. The SMCR sample exhibits a higher density of dispersed carbides and a greater degree of martensitic nanocrystallization in the wear layer, accompanied by reduced texture intensity. This is attributed to the enhanced precipitation of temper carbides promoted by the abundant grain and subgrain boundaries in the carburized layer of SMCR, which refines the martensite grains, improves the resistance to plastic deformation, and increases the randomness of grain orientation. By contrast, the wear track of the NSMCR sample exhibits stronger texture, with the long axes of martensite grains aligned parallel to each other and perpendicular to the sample surface. This alignment reduces the ability of the subsurface layer to resist crack propagation during wear.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206567"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206565
Sung-Jun Lee , Chan-Woo Kim , Hye-Min Kwon , Hee Sup Shin , Yool Koo Kim , Chang-Lae Kim
This study investigated the tribological behavior of polyamide-imide (PAI) composite coatings containing various combinations of solid lubricants (graphite and activated carbon), silicon nitride, and epoxy binders. Eight different coating formulations were prepared and tested under low (200 mN) and high (200 N) load conditions. Surface analysis showed that the graphite formulations displayed plate-like structures, whereas the activated carbon formulations exhibited irregular, porous textures. Pure carbon coatings demonstrated excellent friction stability but poor wear resistance under high loads. The addition of silicon nitride and epoxy improved wear resistance, with 1.2 wt% carbon formulations reducing wear depth by up to 61 % and wear rate by up to 60 % compared to pure carbon formulations. An inverse relationship between the carbon content and wear resistance was observed. The wear mechanisms differed between graphite (delamination and platelet exfoliation) and activated carbon formulations (selective phase removal and plastic deformation). These results demonstrate that optimal tribological performance depends on the balance between the carbon content, additive interactions, and processing parameters.
{"title":"Effect of composition variation on the tribological behavior of PAI-based solid lubricant coatings","authors":"Sung-Jun Lee , Chan-Woo Kim , Hye-Min Kwon , Hee Sup Shin , Yool Koo Kim , Chang-Lae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206565","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206565","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the tribological behavior of polyamide-imide (PAI) composite coatings containing various combinations of solid lubricants (graphite and activated carbon), silicon nitride, and epoxy binders. Eight different coating formulations were prepared and tested under low (200 mN) and high (200 N) load conditions. Surface analysis showed that the graphite formulations displayed plate-like structures, whereas the activated carbon formulations exhibited irregular, porous textures. Pure carbon coatings demonstrated excellent friction stability but poor wear resistance under high loads. The addition of silicon nitride and epoxy improved wear resistance, with 1.2 wt% carbon formulations reducing wear depth by up to 61 % and wear rate by up to 60 % compared to pure carbon formulations. An inverse relationship between the carbon content and wear resistance was observed. The wear mechanisms differed between graphite (delamination and platelet exfoliation) and activated carbon formulations (selective phase removal and plastic deformation). These results demonstrate that optimal tribological performance depends on the balance between the carbon content, additive interactions, and processing parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206565"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146070873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206561
Liyuan Zhao , Xiaolin Li , Ke Hua , Xiangtao Deng , Haifeng Wang , Quan Xu
Commonly used austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) have certain limitations in complex sliding wear conditions due to their relatively low yield strength and hardness. To improve the wear resistance, 316LN ASSs with different nitrogen contents (LNS: 0.14 wt%, HNS: 0.38 wt%) are prepared, to investigate the effect of nitrogen on dry sliding friction behavior and wear mechanisms at 0 °C, −60 °C, and −120 °C. Dry sliding wear tests are conducted using a ball-on-disk tribometer, with a GCr15 steel ball as the counterface. The results indicate that the wear rates of both LNS and HNS specimens decrease with decreasing temperature. At −60 °C, the LNS specimen exhibits better wear resistance than the harder HNS specimen, as martensitic transformation in the worn subsurface enhances its performance. However, at −120 °C, both LNS and HNS specimens undergo significant martensitic transformation, but the wear rate of the HNS specimen is lower due to its higher hardness, which significantly improves its wear resistance. Furthermore, the worn surface of the LNS specimen shows severe grooves, debris, and delamination, indicating abrasive and fatigue wear mechanisms. In contrast, the HNS specimen exhibits a relatively smooth worn surface with only mild abrasive wear. However, nitrogen-induced hardness enhancement in the HNS specimen leads to increased interfacial shear resistance during sliding, resulting in a higher CoF (0.5417) than that of the LNS specimen (0.5087).
{"title":"Effect of nitrogen content on the cryogenic tribological behavior of austenitic stainless steel","authors":"Liyuan Zhao , Xiaolin Li , Ke Hua , Xiangtao Deng , Haifeng Wang , Quan Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206561","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commonly used austenitic stainless steels (ASSs) have certain limitations in complex sliding wear conditions due to their relatively low yield strength and hardness. To improve the wear resistance, 316LN ASSs with different nitrogen contents (LNS: 0.14 wt%, HNS: 0.38 wt%) are prepared, to investigate the effect of nitrogen on dry sliding friction behavior and wear mechanisms at 0 °C, −60 °C, and −120 °C. Dry sliding wear tests are conducted using a ball-on-disk tribometer, with a GCr15 steel ball as the counterface. The results indicate that the wear rates of both LNS and HNS specimens decrease with decreasing temperature. At −60 °C, the LNS specimen exhibits better wear resistance than the harder HNS specimen, as martensitic transformation in the worn subsurface enhances its performance. However, at −120 °C, both LNS and HNS specimens undergo significant martensitic transformation, but the wear rate of the HNS specimen is lower due to its higher hardness, which significantly improves its wear resistance. Furthermore, the worn surface of the LNS specimen shows severe grooves, debris, and delamination, indicating abrasive and fatigue wear mechanisms. In contrast, the HNS specimen exhibits a relatively smooth worn surface with only mild abrasive wear. However, nitrogen-induced hardness enhancement in the HNS specimen leads to increased interfacial shear resistance during sliding, resulting in a higher CoF (0.5417) than that of the LNS specimen (0.5087).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"590 ","pages":"Article 206561"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146191245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206562
Xinyue Jing , Guiguan Zhang , Xinzhao Ren , Ying Li , Yifan Sun , Yanhou Liu , Peng Yao , Yuli Sun , Yugang Zhao
Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) is an advanced non-traditional machining technology that offers a distinct approach to material processing. AJM prevents abrasive embedding when applied to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using maskless abrasive air-jet machining at oblique angles (MAJM-OA). However, fabricating microchannels with tailored structural features on PDMS surfaces remains a challenge. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is employed to investigate the evolution of abrasive impact behavior in impingement zones with varying microchannel structural characteristics. The results indicate that the stagnation zone promotes secondary rebounds of abrasive particles in deep channels, thereby enabling effective removal of sidewall erosion. MAJM-OA experiments demonstrate that microchannels with distinct structural characteristics can be fabricated by controlling the jet pressure and the number of machining passes. This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms governing microchannel structural evolution in MAJM-OA and presents a straightforward and cost-effective strategy for constructing a feature database for diverse microchannel profiles. These findings contribute significantly to the ultra-precision control of microchannel fabrication via MAJM-OA.
{"title":"Modeling and analysis of abrasive particles impact behavior in maskless abrasive air-jet machining at oblique impact angles","authors":"Xinyue Jing , Guiguan Zhang , Xinzhao Ren , Ying Li , Yifan Sun , Yanhou Liu , Peng Yao , Yuli Sun , Yugang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206562","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206562","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Abrasive Jet Machining (AJM) is an advanced non-traditional machining technology that offers a distinct approach to material processing. AJM prevents abrasive embedding when applied to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) using maskless abrasive air-jet machining at oblique angles (MAJM-OA). However, fabricating microchannels with tailored structural features on PDMS surfaces remains a challenge. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is employed to investigate the evolution of abrasive impact behavior in impingement zones with varying microchannel structural characteristics. The results indicate that the stagnation zone promotes secondary rebounds of abrasive particles in deep channels, thereby enabling effective removal of sidewall erosion. MAJM-OA experiments demonstrate that microchannels with distinct structural characteristics can be fabricated by controlling the jet pressure and the number of machining passes. This study elucidates the underlying mechanisms governing microchannel structural evolution in MAJM-OA and presents a straightforward and cost-effective strategy for constructing a feature database for diverse microchannel profiles. These findings contribute significantly to the ultra-precision control of microchannel fabrication via MAJM-OA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 206562"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206564
Lupeng Wu , Haifeng Xue , Ke Zhang , Tianxiang Li , Wei Gao , Le Gu , Yongtao Zhang
Multiwall carbon nanotubes reinforced nickle (MWCNTs/Ni) coatings were electrodeposited in electrolyte solution containing carboxylated MWCNTs with dimensions of 285–427 nm. Surface morphology and hardness analysis determined 3 g/L MWCNTs as the optical addition concentration under low current density of 1 Adm−2. Based on friction and wear behaviors, the tribological compatibility of Ni coating sliding against silicon nitride was improved by using MWCNTs as lubrication reinforcements. 50.6 and 44.4 % of friction and wear reduction was achieved under dry friction at 1214 MPa and 0.089 m/s while 35.8 % and 24.2 % of that was accomplished under oil lubrication. Micro-protrudes containing MWCNTs were crushed because of the high contact stress caused by coarse surface during sliding and hereby MWCNTs were released into oil. The improved tribological properties were attributed to the synergistic mechanism of MWCNTs serve as solid lubricants inside coatings and lubrication additives in oil.
{"title":"Tribological compatibility investigation of multiwall carbon nanotubes/nickel coatings sliding against silicon nitride under dry friction and oil lubrication","authors":"Lupeng Wu , Haifeng Xue , Ke Zhang , Tianxiang Li , Wei Gao , Le Gu , Yongtao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiwall carbon nanotubes reinforced nickle (MWCNTs/Ni) coatings were electrodeposited in electrolyte solution containing carboxylated MWCNTs with dimensions of 285–427 nm. Surface morphology and hardness analysis determined 3 g/L MWCNTs as the optical addition concentration under low current density of 1 Adm<sup>−2</sup>. Based on friction and wear behaviors, the tribological compatibility of Ni coating sliding against silicon nitride was improved by using MWCNTs as lubrication reinforcements. 50.6 and 44.4 % of friction and wear reduction was achieved under dry friction at 1214 MPa and 0.089 m/s while 35.8 % and 24.2 % of that was accomplished under oil lubrication. Micro-protrudes containing MWCNTs were crushed because of the high contact stress caused by coarse surface during sliding and hereby MWCNTs were released into oil. The improved tribological properties were attributed to the synergistic mechanism of MWCNTs serve as solid lubricants inside coatings and lubrication additives in oil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 206564"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146079456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206555
Sitao Shi , Fuyuan Wang , Su Cheng , Guanghai Liu , Laifei Cheng
Investigating the tribological behavior of C/C-SiC against various friction linings is crucial for their advancement. In this study, SiC and graphite hybrid fillers were incorporated into C/C-SiC composites using slurry infiltration (SI) and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) methods to modify the matrix and optimize the composition and microstructure. A full-scale dynamometer was used to investigate the tribological behavior of a C/C-SiC disc against copper-containing semi-metallic and copper-free pads. The results indicated that the average coefficient of friction (COF) for semi-metallic-based pads is 0.46, while that for copper-free pads is 0.38. The analysis of the worn surfaces revealed that the infiltrated micro-SiC and reaction-formed nano-SiC forming a multiscale SiC-phase substructure exhibit a "synergistic plowing effect" during friction. Copper-containing semi-metallic pads exhibit a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, with metal oxidation being the primary cause of fading. The main oxidation products are CuO, Cu2O, and Fe2O3. In contrast, copper-free pads primarily experience abrasive wear. The smaller debris form dense contact plateaus, which result in reduced wear loss.
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