Pub Date : 2025-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205803
Gianluca Di Egidio , Carla Martini , Ehsan Ghassemali , Alessandro Morri
Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam (PBF-LB) technology has recently become popular for producing aluminium alloy complex-shaped components. However, the poor surface quality and relatively low hardness limit industrial applications where adequate tribological behaviour is critical. In this context, dry-sliding tests (ball-on-disk vs. Al2O3) were carried out on PBF-LB AlSi10Mg coated with a Ni-9%P + Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) multilayer (belonging to the sub-type “hydrogenated amorphous carbon” i.e., a-C:H, with a Cr-W based bond layer), to investigate the influence on tribological behaviour of as-built and heat-treated substrates. Rapid solution treatment (10 min at 510 °C) after Ni-P deposition promoted an important decrease (-49 %) in wear depth compared to non heat-treated Ni-P coating without significantly affecting the coefficient of friction. The multilayer Ni-P + DLC coating further improved the tribological behaviour of the system, reducing about 5 times the coefficient of friction and the wear depth by 2 orders of magnitude compared to uncoated and Ni-P coated conditions. However, applying rapid solution in air after Ni-P deposition may cause interlayer oxidation and then DLC adhesive failure. In conclusion, the multilayer system significantly improved the tribological behaviour of the PBF-LB AlSi10Mg, providing an adequate load-bearing of the DLC topcoat regardless of the substrate microstructure, thus extending its use in sliding applications.
{"title":"Electroless Ni-P + diamond-like carbon multilayer: Influence on tribological behaviour of AlSi10Mg produced by powder bed fusion - Laser beam","authors":"Gianluca Di Egidio , Carla Martini , Ehsan Ghassemali , Alessandro Morri","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam (PBF-LB) technology has recently become popular for producing aluminium alloy complex-shaped components. However, the poor surface quality and relatively low hardness limit industrial applications where adequate tribological behaviour is critical. In this context, dry-sliding tests (ball-on-disk vs. Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) were carried out on PBF-LB AlSi10Mg coated with a Ni-9%P + Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) multilayer (belonging to the sub-type “hydrogenated amorphous carbon” i.e., <em>a</em>-C:H, with a Cr-W based bond layer), to investigate the influence on tribological behaviour of as-built and heat-treated substrates. Rapid solution treatment (10 min at 510 °C) after Ni-P deposition promoted an important decrease (-49 %) in wear depth compared to non heat-treated Ni-P coating without significantly affecting the coefficient of friction. The multilayer Ni-P + DLC coating further improved the tribological behaviour of the system, reducing about 5 times the coefficient of friction and the wear depth by 2 orders of magnitude compared to uncoated and Ni-P coated conditions. However, applying rapid solution in air after Ni-P deposition may cause interlayer oxidation and then DLC adhesive failure. In conclusion, the multilayer system significantly improved the tribological behaviour of the PBF-LB AlSi10Mg, providing an adequate load-bearing of the DLC topcoat regardless of the substrate microstructure, thus extending its use in sliding applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-30DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205764
Zhengquan Jiang , Jiahao Wu , Chuanwei Qiao , Laigui Yu , Jinglei Bi , Yadong Wang , Zhongzheng Yang , Shengmao Zhang , Yujuan Zhang , Weihua Li
Synthetic ester oils are crucial for high-precision equipment lubrication. Strongly polar ester oils competitively adsorb with conventional additives, hindering their effectiveness. This paper proposes the use of FeCoNi nanoparticles as the additive for diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS), a polar synthetic ester oil, attempting to overcome the issue of competitive adsorption faced by traditional additives in polar base oils. Specifically, oleylamine-modified FeCoNi (OA-FeCoNi) nanoparticles were prepared as the additive for DIOS base oil by in situ surface modification technique combined with polyol method, a one-pot liquid-phase chemical method. Friction and wear tests as well as adsorption experiments confirmed the strong adsorption capability of OA-FeCoNi nanoparticles on steel surfaces, demonstrating their effectiveness in enhancing lubrication performance. The present approach, hopefully, would shed light on the facile and well available design and fabrication of efficient anti-wear and friction-reducing agents for polar synthetic ester oils.
{"title":"Tribological properties and lubrication mechanism of oleylamine-modified FeCoNi magnetic nanoparticles as additive in polar synthetic ester oil","authors":"Zhengquan Jiang , Jiahao Wu , Chuanwei Qiao , Laigui Yu , Jinglei Bi , Yadong Wang , Zhongzheng Yang , Shengmao Zhang , Yujuan Zhang , Weihua Li","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205764","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205764","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic ester oils are crucial for high-precision equipment lubrication. Strongly polar ester oils competitively adsorb with conventional additives, hindering their effectiveness. This paper proposes the use of FeCoNi nanoparticles as the additive for diisooctyl sebacate (DIOS), a polar synthetic ester oil, attempting to overcome the issue of competitive adsorption faced by traditional additives in polar base oils. Specifically, oleylamine-modified FeCoNi (OA-FeCoNi) nanoparticles were prepared as the additive for DIOS base oil by in situ surface modification technique combined with polyol method, a one-pot liquid-phase chemical method. Friction and wear tests as well as adsorption experiments confirmed the strong adsorption capability of OA-FeCoNi nanoparticles on steel surfaces, demonstrating their effectiveness in enhancing lubrication performance. The present approach, hopefully, would shed light on the facile and well available design and fabrication of efficient anti-wear and friction-reducing agents for polar synthetic ester oils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205764"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143313346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The surface texture of the polishing pad used in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) governs the contact characteristics during material removal. However, quantifying this texture is challenging because of the porous structural characteristics and viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane polishing pads. In this paper, we propose a novel contact characterization parameter that effectively explains material removal by combining it with the polishing pad surface roughness parameter. Experiments were conducted on three types of pads with different surface microstructures, and various combinations of surface roughness parameters were explored using an exhaustive search method based on the coefficient of determination (). A two-dimensional parameter derived as the optimal combination of the root mean square height () and maximum peak height () achieved a maximum accuracy of 94.54 % in explaining variations in the material removal rate. This combined parameter demonstrated enhanced explanatory power over single parameters across diverse pad surface conditions and ensured consistently high values without overfitting, even when compared with higher-dimensional combinations. The proposed parameter, representing the relative peak prominence of the overall roughness, enhances our understanding of material removal mechanisms and provides new insights into the contact behavior of surface degradation during continuous wear processes.
{"title":"Characterizing the contact evolution through the combination of surface roughness parameters in chemical mechanical polishing using a polyurethane polishing pad","authors":"Jongmin Jeong, Yeongil Shin, Seunghun Jeong, Haedo Jeong","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205802","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205802","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The surface texture of the polishing pad used in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) governs the contact characteristics during material removal. However, quantifying this texture is challenging because of the porous structural characteristics and viscoelastic behavior of polyurethane polishing pads. In this paper, we propose a novel contact characterization parameter that effectively explains material removal by combining it with the polishing pad surface roughness parameter. Experiments were conducted on three types of pads with different surface microstructures, and various combinations of surface roughness parameters were explored using an exhaustive search method based on the coefficient of determination (<span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span>). A two-dimensional parameter derived as the optimal combination of the root mean square height (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>q</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) and maximum peak height (<span><math><mrow><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>p</mi></msub></mrow></math></span>) achieved a maximum accuracy of 94.54 % in explaining variations in the material removal rate. This combined parameter demonstrated enhanced explanatory power over single parameters across diverse pad surface conditions and ensured consistently high <span><math><mrow><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></math></span> values without overfitting, even when compared with higher-dimensional combinations. The proposed parameter, representing the relative peak prominence of the overall roughness, enhances our understanding of material removal mechanisms and provides new insights into the contact behavior of surface degradation during continuous wear processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205802"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-28DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205804
Xiao Xu , Yimin Zhang
{"title":"Corrigendum to“Effect of different chemical conversion coatings on the tribological performance of cylindrical thrust roller bearings under conditions of dry friction and solid lubrication”[Wear 548–549(2024) 205351]","authors":"Xiao Xu , Yimin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205804","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205804","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205804"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-27DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205751
Jiakun Zhang , Zaiyu Xiang , Qixiang Zhang , Shuangxi Feng , Zhou Yu , Xiaocui Wang , Jiliang Mo , Deqiang He
The tribological performance of Cu-based powder metallurgy (PM) friction materials, commonly known as friction blocks, is vital for ensuring effective braking and ride comfort in high-speed trains. Thus, it is essential to identify effective methods to enhance the tribological properties of these materials. This study proposed a floating structure design for friction materials, enhancing their deformation capacity by altering the disc spring material. This innovative approach is intended to improve the tribological performance of Cu-based PM friction materials, ensuring better braking efficiency and ride comfort in high-speed trains. Drag braking simulations were conducted on a custom-built test rig to evaluate high-speed train braking performance using four different disc spring materials. The study focused on analyzing friction-induced vibration and noise (FIVN), along with interface friction and wear behavior. A wear model incorporating dynamic effects was developed, and finite element models (FEM) based on the experimental setup and conditions were created. These models enabled coupled simulations to analyze braking interface wear and friction-induced vibrations (FIV). The results indicate that the 60SM disc spring significantly reduces FIVN, promotes uniform friction block wear, ensures consistent interface contact, and minimizes FIVN levels. In contrast, the 304 disc spring increases contact stiffness at the braking interface, which leads to abnormal wear and higher FIVN levels. Furthermore, the choice of disc spring material directly influences contact stress and deformation in both friction blocks and disc springs, thereby impacting the braking system's dynamic performance and the tribological behavior of Cu-based PM friction materials. Thus, optimizing the deformation capacity of friction materials through floating structure designs emerges as a practical strategy to enhance the tribological performance of Cu-based PM materials in high-speed train braking systems.
{"title":"A method to improve the tribological performance of Cu-based powder metallurgy friction materials for the high-speed trains braking system: Enhancement of the performance of the friction block disc spring","authors":"Jiakun Zhang , Zaiyu Xiang , Qixiang Zhang , Shuangxi Feng , Zhou Yu , Xiaocui Wang , Jiliang Mo , Deqiang He","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205751","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205751","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tribological performance of Cu-based powder metallurgy (PM) friction materials, commonly known as friction blocks, is vital for ensuring effective braking and ride comfort in high-speed trains. Thus, it is essential to identify effective methods to enhance the tribological properties of these materials. This study proposed a floating structure design for friction materials, enhancing their deformation capacity by altering the disc spring material. This innovative approach is intended to improve the tribological performance of Cu-based PM friction materials, ensuring better braking efficiency and ride comfort in high-speed trains. Drag braking simulations were conducted on a custom-built test rig to evaluate high-speed train braking performance using four different disc spring materials. The study focused on analyzing friction-induced vibration and noise (FIVN), along with interface friction and wear behavior. A wear model incorporating dynamic effects was developed, and finite element models (FEM) based on the experimental setup and conditions were created. These models enabled coupled simulations to analyze braking interface wear and friction-induced vibrations (FIV). The results indicate that the 60SM disc spring significantly reduces FIVN, promotes uniform friction block wear, ensures consistent interface contact, and minimizes FIVN levels. In contrast, the 304 disc spring increases contact stiffness at the braking interface, which leads to abnormal wear and higher FIVN levels. Furthermore, the choice of disc spring material directly influences contact stress and deformation in both friction blocks and disc springs, thereby impacting the braking system's dynamic performance and the tribological behavior of Cu-based PM friction materials. Thus, optimizing the deformation capacity of friction materials through floating structure designs emerges as a practical strategy to enhance the tribological performance of Cu-based PM materials in high-speed train braking systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205751"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a great challenge to produce ultra-smooth surface of sapphire wafers at high material removal rate (MRR) using green slurry in semi-fixed abrasive polishing. A novel environmentally friendly polishing slurry was developed by preparing abrasives and complexing agents to improve surface quality and polishing efficiency. The SiO2 and diamond/SiO2 composite abrasives were successfully prepared by a simplified sol-gel strategy, exhibiting high purity, homogeneous particle size, and excellent dispersibility. Based on the semi-fixed polishing technology, the green polishing performance of sapphire wafers using different types of abrasives alone and in combination with complexing agents was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the novel slurry containing triisopropanolamine (TIPA) and diamond/SiO2 composite abrasive had superior polishing performance. Compared with the traditional diamond slurry, the surface roughness of the novel slurry was reduced by 24.4 % to 6.2 nm (Ra), while the MRR was increased by 65.4 %. Through electrochemical experiments, molecular simulations, and infrared analysis, the improved polishing performance of the composite abrasives with TIPA may be attributed to the complexation of TIPA and the optimization of interfacial contact behavior. The analysis of wear debris and polished sapphire wafer surface further pointed out that the deformation reduced the indentation depth while enhancing the reactivity of the friction chemistry. The diamond/SiO2 composite abrasives with TIPA slurry accelerated the generation and removal of the reaction layer consisting of AlOOH, Al-OH, and Al2Si2O7, realizing the optimal synergy between mechanical wear and tribochemistry, which significantly improved the polishing quality.
{"title":"Investigation on the material removal mechanism of sapphire wafer by novel green slurry in semi-fixed abrasive polishing","authors":"Guangen Zhao , Jianxiong Chen , Yongchao Xu , Cheng Peng , Qianting Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is a great challenge to produce ultra-smooth surface of sapphire wafers at high material removal rate (MRR) using green slurry in semi-fixed abrasive polishing. A novel environmentally friendly polishing slurry was developed by preparing abrasives and complexing agents to improve surface quality and polishing efficiency. The SiO<sub>2</sub> and diamond/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite abrasives were successfully prepared by a simplified sol-gel strategy, exhibiting high purity, homogeneous particle size, and excellent dispersibility. Based on the semi-fixed polishing technology, the green polishing performance of sapphire wafers using different types of abrasives alone and in combination with complexing agents was investigated. The experimental results demonstrated that the novel slurry containing triisopropanolamine (TIPA) and diamond/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite abrasive had superior polishing performance. Compared with the traditional diamond slurry, the surface roughness of the novel slurry was reduced by 24.4 % to 6.2 nm (Ra), while the MRR was increased by 65.4 %. Through electrochemical experiments, molecular simulations, and infrared analysis, the improved polishing performance of the composite abrasives with TIPA may be attributed to the complexation of TIPA and the optimization of interfacial contact behavior. The analysis of wear debris and polished sapphire wafer surface further pointed out that the deformation reduced the indentation depth while enhancing the reactivity of the friction chemistry. The diamond/SiO<sub>2</sub> composite abrasives with TIPA slurry accelerated the generation and removal of the reaction layer consisting of AlOOH, Al-OH, and Al<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>, realizing the optimal synergy between mechanical wear and tribochemistry, which significantly improved the polishing quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205762"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ti3Al compounds have potential applications in the aerospace field because of their exceptional mechanical performance at high temperatures, while poor processability becomes the main bottleneck of their applications. This study aims to analyze the tool wear characteristics of the tool flank and their impact on cutting forces during ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling (UVAM) of Ti3Al compounds, with the goal of optimizing cutting parameters and improving machining efficiency. Based on the oblique cutting theory, a milling force model that accounts for tool flank wear was developed. Ti3Al workpieces were subjected to side-milling and up-milling on an UVAM platform. The wear characteristics of the tool and the variations in cutting force with respect to different milling lengths, cutting parameters, and ultrasonic amplitudes were analyzed. The results show that the wear condition of tool flank has a direct impact on cutting force. The cutting force prediction model that incorporates tool wear demonstrated higher accuracy, with average relative deviations of 9.13 % and 13.38 % for the Fx and Fy components, respectively. Adhesive wear is the primary type of tool wear throughout the machining process. Compared to conventional milling (CM), UVAM significantly reduces tool wear, with the wear rate decreasing by approximately 38.4 %, but a too-large amplitude causes additional stress and damage to the tool surface. The research demonstrates that reasonably controlling the cutting parameters and ultrasonic amplitude is effective to slow down the tool wear and lower the cutting force, resulting in good surface quality and machining efficiency.
{"title":"Modeling on cutting force considering tool flank wear in ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling Ti3Al","authors":"Guofu Gao, Yunfei Xiang, Huai Qiao, Chenyang Wei, Guangmiao Wang, Daohui Xiang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205761","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205761","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ti<sub>3</sub>Al compounds have potential applications in the aerospace field because of their exceptional mechanical performance at high temperatures, while poor processability becomes the main bottleneck of their applications. This study aims to analyze the tool wear characteristics of the tool flank and their impact on cutting forces during ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling (UVAM) of Ti<sub>3</sub>Al compounds, with the goal of optimizing cutting parameters and improving machining efficiency. Based on the oblique cutting theory, a milling force model that accounts for tool flank wear was developed. Ti<sub>3</sub>Al workpieces were subjected to side-milling and up-milling on an UVAM platform. The wear characteristics of the tool and the variations in cutting force with respect to different milling lengths, cutting parameters, and ultrasonic amplitudes were analyzed. The results show that the wear condition of tool flank has a direct impact on cutting force. The cutting force prediction model that incorporates tool wear demonstrated higher accuracy, with average relative deviations of 9.13 % and 13.38 % for the <em>F</em><sub><em>x</em></sub> and <em>F</em><sub><em>y</em></sub> components, respectively. Adhesive wear is the primary type of tool wear throughout the machining process. Compared to conventional milling (CM), UVAM significantly reduces tool wear, with the wear rate decreasing by approximately 38.4 %, but a too-large amplitude causes additional stress and damage to the tool surface. The research demonstrates that reasonably controlling the cutting parameters and ultrasonic amplitude is effective to slow down the tool wear and lower the cutting force, resulting in good surface quality and machining efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205761"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205763
Lizhe Wang, Limin He, Rujing Zhang, Zhenhua Xu, Rende Mu
La2(ZrxCe1-x)2O7/YSZ (LZC/YSZ) double ceramic layers (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have attracted extensive attentions due to their low thermal conductivity and good thermal stability. Particle erosion of DCL TBCs is one of the typical degradation patterns. Here, LZC/YSZ DCL TBCs samples deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) underwent solid particle erosion test for different time. Characterization of microstructure evolution is implemented using correlative methods, which links together the observations and analysis from X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light scanning interferometry (WLSI). The erosion rates for LZC/YSZ DCL TBCs were determined after exposure to varying durations of erosion. During the initial erosion stages, the predominant degradation mechanism involved the removal of ceramic material. This was attributed to the compaction and cracking of the near-surface columns, causing a progressive thinning of the coating in a layer-by-layer manner. This pattern of degradation also occurred at the LZC/YSZ interface, indicating a relatively good adhesive bond between the LZC and YSZ layers. In the later stages of erosion, the formation of deep cracks, erosion craters, and the emergence of horizontal cracks within the bottom of YSZ layer contributed to block spalling, consequently increasing the erosion rate.
{"title":"Particle erosion behavior of La2(ZrxCe1-x)2O7/YSZ double ceramic layers TBCs deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition","authors":"Lizhe Wang, Limin He, Rujing Zhang, Zhenhua Xu, Rende Mu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>La<sub>2</sub>(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ce<sub>1-x</sub>)<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>/YSZ (LZC/YSZ) double ceramic layers (DCL) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) have attracted extensive attentions due to their low thermal conductivity and good thermal stability. Particle erosion of DCL TBCs is one of the typical degradation patterns. Here, LZC/YSZ DCL TBCs samples deposited by electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) underwent solid particle erosion test for different time. Characterization of microstructure evolution is implemented using correlative methods, which links together the observations and analysis from X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light scanning interferometry (WLSI). The erosion rates for LZC/YSZ DCL TBCs were determined after exposure to varying durations of erosion. During the initial erosion stages, the predominant degradation mechanism involved the removal of ceramic material. This was attributed to the compaction and cracking of the near-surface columns, causing a progressive thinning of the coating in a layer-by-layer manner. This pattern of degradation also occurred at the LZC/YSZ interface, indicating a relatively good adhesive bond between the LZC and YSZ layers. In the later stages of erosion, the formation of deep cracks, erosion craters, and the emergence of horizontal cracks within the bottom of YSZ layer contributed to block spalling, consequently increasing the erosion rate.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205763"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205758
Tobias König , Eduard Wolf , Philipp Daum , Dominik Kürten , Andreas Kailer , Martin Dienwiebel
This study investigates the influence of temperatures, normal force, displacement, frequency and sliding distance on the tribological material behaviour of an unlubricated cobalt-based material pairing, as well as the effects resulting from a change of atmosphere from ambient air to a low-oxygen CO2/N2/O2-atmosphere. The subsequent identification of empirical wear correlations should enable a transfer to other material systems. Reciprocating wear tests were carried out at up to 800 °C with a cylinder-on-plate contact geometry. The test conditions and the material are based on the application as exhaust gas flap plain bearings for combustion engines.
The temperature has a major influence on the wear behaviour, as it induces the change of tribological mechanisms from abrasion to oxidation and adhesion of wear particles to the formation of a glaze layer in the HT range. The wear particles, required for the tribologically induced sintering process of the glaze layer, are already present in fully oxidised form at low temperatures of 200 °C. The formation of a wear-reducing glaze layer is therefore mainly dependent on the temperature, as this directly influences the sintering process, according to a key finding of this work. The atmospheric influence on the tribological material behaviour is dependent on the temperature related wear regime. For lower temperatures, a mechanism change from abrasion to adhesion takes place in the oxygen-reduced CO2/N2/O2-atmosphere. In contrast, the formation of the glaze layer is not influenced by the change in atmosphere. Moreover, the influence of normal force, displacement and sliding distance differs between the various temperature sections and the related tribological mechanisms.
{"title":"Influencing factors on high temperature tribology","authors":"Tobias König , Eduard Wolf , Philipp Daum , Dominik Kürten , Andreas Kailer , Martin Dienwiebel","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205758","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.205758","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the influence of temperatures, normal force, displacement, frequency and sliding distance on the tribological material behaviour of an unlubricated cobalt-based material pairing, as well as the effects resulting from a change of atmosphere from ambient air to a low-oxygen CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>-atmosphere. The subsequent identification of empirical wear correlations should enable a transfer to other material systems. Reciprocating wear tests were carried out at up to 800 °C with a cylinder-on-plate contact geometry. The test conditions and the material are based on the application as exhaust gas flap plain bearings for combustion engines.</div><div>The temperature has a major influence on the wear behaviour, as it induces the change of tribological mechanisms from abrasion to oxidation and adhesion of wear particles to the formation of a glaze layer in the HT range. The wear particles, required for the tribologically induced sintering process of the glaze layer, are already present in fully oxidised form at low temperatures of 200 °C. The formation of a wear-reducing glaze layer is therefore mainly dependent on the temperature, as this directly influences the sintering process, according to a key finding of this work. The atmospheric influence on the tribological material behaviour is dependent on the temperature related wear regime. For lower temperatures, a mechanism change from abrasion to adhesion takes place in the oxygen-reduced CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>-atmosphere. In contrast, the formation of the glaze layer is not influenced by the change in atmosphere. Moreover, the influence of normal force, displacement and sliding distance differs between the various temperature sections and the related tribological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"566 ","pages":"Article 205758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143140707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-25DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.205754
Chen Liu, David Cebon
Understanding the wear of tyre tread rubber is important for tyre design. A ’local wear law’ is needed in models of tyre contact mechanics to quantify wear on tyres. Previous studies on local wear laws faced limitations in temperature control or low frictional power, prompting the design of a new test rig to address these issues. The new rig was designed to measure wear under varying vertical loads, sliding speeds and contact temperature, with wear quantified by the mass loss of rubber samples.
Results indicated that on different sandpapers, wear rates normalised by area and sliding distance (giving units of kg/m3) were approximately proportional to vertical pressure and changed linearly with sliding speed, with a positive intercept. This is indicative of a ’machining’ process down to zero speed. When the measure of wear was normalised by sliding time (giving units of kg/m2 s), the wear law aligned with power laws measured in previous literature.
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