Wear最新文献

{"title":"Transient wear prediction and optimization for water-lubricated stave bearings","authors":"Juan Guo ,&nbsp;Ke Xiao ,&nbsp;Dongxing Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206483","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2025.206483","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To fill the research gap on the wear behavior of water-lubricated stave bearings (WLSBs) under mixed lubrication conditions, a transient friction–wear model was developed by coupling a transient mixed lubrication model with a transient wear model, incorporating cavitation effects and evolving surface roughness. Two wear models—a modified Archard wear model and a frictional fatigue wear model—were evaluated, showing higher predictive accuracy of the fatigue-based wear model compared with experimental results. Based on this framework, two single-parameter optimization strategies targeting curvature radius and inclination angle of staves were proposed, and their sensitivity to key parameters (number of staves and stave width ratio) was analyzed. Subsequently, a dual-parameter optimization was conducted, and its effectiveness in performance improvements was quantitatively assessed. The results indicate that a negative stave curvature radius coefficient (concave staves) combined with a small number of staves (≤8) and a large stave width ratio (≥0.8), or a moderate inclination angle (0.01°–0.04°) with commonly used stave numbers (6-10) across a wide range of width ratios, can enhance the mixedlubrication and anti-wear performance of WLSBs compared with untreated ones. Moreover, the findings reveal that dual-parameter optimization outperforms single-parameter strategies, particularly in wear reduction, achieving an additional 19–42 % decrease in wear volume under the current operating conditions. This work provides meaningful insights into the design of high-performance water-lubricated bearing systems in engineering applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 206483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel approach for a compressor blade using ultrasound-assisted chemical mechanical polishing performed by a developed polisher","authors":"Yaowen Wu ,&nbsp;Zhenyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaofei Yang ,&nbsp;Xibing Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Yubao Liu ,&nbsp;Xiaopei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaoping Wu ,&nbsp;Hongye Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A compressor blade of martensitic stainless steel with complex surface and structure is difficult to machine, due to its wear and corrosion resistance. Mechanical polishing is widely employed to polish the blade, causing the surface roughness Ra &gt;0.3 μm and profile tolerance &gt;0.04 mm. To solve this challenge, a novel approach of immersed ultrasonic-assisted green chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was developed, which was performed by a new custom-made polisher, regardless of complex surfaces and structures. Novel CMP slurry is proposed, containing silicon carbide, malic acid, serine and hydrogen peroxide. After CMP, surface roughness Ra of a compressor blade reduced from 0.668 to 0.085 μm, decreasing 87.2 %, and material removal rate is 87.6 mm³/h. Prior to and after CMP, profile tolerance is 0.028 mm. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the thickness of damaged layer decreased from 280.16 to 15.24 nm, lowering 94.5 %. A mechanical model of a compressor blade is suggested to investigate the stress exerted by slurry, according to the calculations of computational fluid dynamics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared confirm that hydrogen peroxide oxidized the surface of compressor blade, forming oxides. The oxides were dissolved by the ionized H⁺ ions from malic acid and serine. Dissolved Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions were chelated by -COOH, -OH and -NH₂ affiliated from malic acid and serine. Subsequently, soft oxide layer was removed by slurry. Our proposed novel ultrasonic-assisted green CMP offers new findings to achieve smooth surface with high profile tolerance on the surface of compressor blade, despite of its complex surface and structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206522"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical wear of cemented carbide tools in contact with Cu-Zn alloy – investigated using thermodynamic calculations","authors":"F. Ekholm,&nbsp;J. Heinrichs Lindgren,&nbsp;S. Jacobson","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cemented carbide (WC-Co) tools are worn at a very slow rate when shearing Cu-Zn alloy wire into zipper elements. Despite this, the wear is the limiting factor in the operation. Analysis of worn WC-Co from both the zipper production and tribological tests, mimicking the wear caused by the shearing action, indicate that WC grains and Co binder are worn through oxidative mechanisms. The Zn in the alloy is believed to preferentially react with oxygen in the contact. The wear mechanisms are still not fully understood since the wear occurs at a very fine scale, and consequently leaves diminutive damage. In the present study, CALPHAD based thermodynamic calculations, proven successful for studying chemical wear of tool materials in other machining operations, are performed to further investigate the chemical wear of WC-Co against Cu-Zn alloy. Equilibrium conditions are set to represent the tribological contact. This enables the stable phases and their compositions, as well as their driving forces in the contact, to be calculated and coupled, to study possible chemical wear mechanisms.</div><div>The calculations indicate that wear of WC-Co is governed by oxidative mechanisms. Zn in the alloy can preferentially react with oxygen and this reduces its availability, so that both WC and Co become thermodynamically stable and thus not oxidise. This calculated effect of Zn becomes stronger with increasing Zn content and is therefore in line with the results from experimental work. This shows that CALPHAD is a suitable approach for investigating fine scale chemical wear of cemented carbides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"589 ","pages":"Article 206530"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145981700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of groove texturing on fretting wear behavior of TC4 under plane/plane contact with dry and grease lubrication","authors":"Shenglin Liang ,&nbsp;Zeeshan Anjum ,&nbsp;Dingjun She ,&nbsp;Xuanqi Sun ,&nbsp;Qingwen Dai ,&nbsp;Wei Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaolei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To explore the influence of surface textures, laser-processed grooved textures with varying area ratios were applied to TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy. Fretting wear tests were conducted using a plane-on-plane contact configuration under dry and grease-lubricated conditions. The results demonstrated that the grooved textures help store wear debris and reduce the energy friction coefficient. However, higher texture area ratios lead to increased contact stress and higher wear rates. Groove orientation also presents significant influence: the grooves in parallel to the direction of motion promoted debris removal, while the perpendicular grooves entrapped more debris. Under grease lubrication, the perpendicular grooves helped to squeeze the stored lubricant into the contact area and reduced the running-in period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206527"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of three-body abrasive wear behavior in TiC particle-reinforced Martensitic/Austenitic multiphase steel","authors":"Xin Wang ,&nbsp;Aiguo Yao ,&nbsp;Zihan Zhang ,&nbsp;Shuai Tong ,&nbsp;Xinjun Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206515","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study systematically investigates the influence of austenite content and its synergistic interaction with TiC particles on wear behavior. A novel “pre-partitioning-quenching” heat treatment process was employed as a key strategy to successfully fabricate TiC particle-reinforced martensite/austenite (M/A) multiphase steels containing 38–57 % metastable reverse austenite (RA). The wear performance of the developed steels was evaluated under wet sand/rubber wheel three-body abrasive wear conditions (ASTM <span><span>G105-20</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) and systematically compared with that of commercial NM450 steel at applied loads of 100 N, 170 N, and 225 N. The results demonstrate that, under the tested conditions, the wear resistance of the TiC-free M/A multiphase steel is 1.05–1.29 times higher than that of NM450. Upon addition of 0.31–0.38 wt% Ti, wear resistance is further enhanced and increases with both applied load and RA content. Notably, the 7.5MnTi steel, which exhibits a higher RA fraction, achieves a wear resistance 1.97 times greater than that of NM450, despite having a relatively low hardness of approximately HBW 402. Comprehensive analysis confirms a significant synergistic effect between austenite and TiC. The improvement in wear resistance exceeds the sum of their individual contributions, indicating that these two components collectively enhance the wear resistance through a cooperative mechanism in this wet sand three-body wear environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206515"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-dependent protective behavior of Ni-Sn bilayer coating for armature surface damage","authors":"Xing Wang ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Lin ,&nbsp;Haibin Zhou ,&nbsp;Ziyi Liu ,&nbsp;Deshan Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Xu ,&nbsp;Donglin Liu ,&nbsp;Weihan Liang ,&nbsp;Pingping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206518","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206518","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In electromagnetic rail launch (ERL), the surface damage of the armature is a result of the coupling of multiple damage mechanisms, which evolve progressively during the launch process. In this study, a Ni-Sn bilayer coating was fabricated by electrodeposition to mitigate surface damage of the armature. During ERL testing, the armature and rail surfaces undergo a sequential evolution in damage mechanisms, evolving from mechanical wear to melting-induced damage and ultimately to arc ablation. The use of a Ni-Sn bilayer coating significantly reduced armature surface damage and mass loss as well as improved the contact condition. Mechanism analysis revealed that the lubrication performance of soft-metal Sn, combined with the thermal barrier effect of Ni and its ability to absorb crack energy, jointly contributed to the suppression of mechanical and electrical damage, and the protective function changes with the variation of the contact state. This work provides a promising design strategy for enhancing the durability and reliability of materials used in ERL systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206518"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toward greener alternative: Comparative tribological study of Sb2O3 and Bi2O3 additives in bonded MoS2-based solid lubricants for aerospace applications","authors":"Parastoo Fallah ,&nbsp;Cara Hensley ,&nbsp;Charles J. Beall ,&nbsp;Pantcho Stoyanov ,&nbsp;Rolf Wuthrich","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To mitigate the environmental and health hazards associated with antimony trioxide (Sb₂O₃) widely used in aerospace solid lubricants, this study investigates bismuth oxide (Bi₂O₃) as a sustainable alternative additive for bonded molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂)-based coatings. MoS₂-Bi₂O₃ coating was fabricated using a spray bonding process and tribologically evaluated against a commercial MoS₂-Sb₂O₃ benchmark (Everlube 620C) under reciprocating sliding conditions. Interfacial phenomena and wear mechanisms were characterized utilizing SEM, FIB, Raman spectroscopy, and XRD. Results indicated that while Bi₂O₃ possesses a favorable low interaction parameter—chemically suitable for lubricity—the MoS₂-Bi₂O₃ coating exhibited higher friction and wear compared to the Sb₂O₃-containing baseline. This performance gap is likely attributed to the higher intrinsic hardness and shear strength of Bi₂O₃, which compromised tribofilm stability, induced micro-cracking, and promoted loose debris formation, thereby intensifying abrasive wear. Conversely, Sb₂O₃ demonstrated a predominantly shear-driven wear mechanism, likely due to its superior mechanical compatibility with the matrix, facilitating more desirable tribo/transfer film formation and basal plane alignment parallel to the sliding direction. Thus, while the tribological behavior of the MoS₂-Sb₂O₃ coating was governed by the development of a stable tribo/transfer film, the MoS₂-Bi₂O₃ formulation was dominated by fracture-driven wear mechanism. Despite the observed reduction in tribological performance relative to the benchmark, the MoS₂-Bi₂O₃ system yielded performance comparable to—or better than—other eco-friendly alternatives reported in the literature, establishing it as a viable candidate for non-toxic solid lubrication subject to further compositional optimization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206526"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainable tribological solutions: laser-textured Cr3C2/Cr2O3-coated shaft sleeves","authors":"Masih Paknejad ,&nbsp;Robert Bösinger ,&nbsp;Bahman Azarhoushang ,&nbsp;Andreas Kailer ,&nbsp;Georg Konrath ,&nbsp;Andreas Killinger ,&nbsp;Matthias Blum ,&nbsp;Tom Pfindel ,&nbsp;Esmaeil Ghadiri Zahrani","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sliding bearings in pumps operating under corrosive and insufficiently lubricated conditions are subjected to high levels of wear and degradation, frequently resulting in accelerated component failure. These bearings typically utilize tungsten carbide with a cobalt binder (WC-Co) due to its superior resistance to wear and corrosion. However, growing concerns regarding the sustainability and limited availability of tungsten and cobalt have intensified the efforts to develop alternative, resource-efficient solutions. To address this challenge, a novel ceramic coating composed of chromium carbide-chromium oxide (Cr₃C₂/Cr₂O₃), deposited using high-velocity suspension flame spraying (HVSFS), was evaluated as an environmentally sustainable replacement for WC-Co coatings in sliding bearing applications. Shaft sleeves were coated and subsequently cylindrical grinding was applied to achieve tight dimensional tolerances and optimal surface finish. Ultrashort-pulsed laser surface texturing was then employed to create engineered dimples designed to improve friction behavior under challenging lubrication conditions. A fine cylindrical grinding was subsequently applied to remove residual pile-up and flatten inter-dimple areas. Grinding performance evaluation demonstrated 20 % reduction in tangential grinding force and 37 % improvement in surface roughness (Rz) compared to WC-Co, confirming the coating's suitability for precision finishing. Tribological tests under water-lubricated sliding conditions revealed that laser-textured Cr₃C₂/Cr₂O₃ coatings exhibited up to 50 % lower wear mass than non-textured coatings and achieved friction coefficients between 0.02 and 0.04, matching WC-Co performance while showing greater stability and lower variability. In speed-ramped Stribeck testing, laser-textured surfaces maintained reduced friction variability and closely followed the frictional trend of WC-Co, particularly in the boundary-to-mixed lubrication regime. These findings highlight the combined advantages of the proposed coating system in terms of machinability, wear resistance, friction control, and operational consistency, offering a viable and sustainable alternative for high-performance sliding bearing applications in water-lubricated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206525"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental insights into temperature-dependent fretting fatigue and wear of aluminum conductor","authors":"Miguel A. Garcia,&nbsp;Ricardo Lenon Da Silva Rodrigues,&nbsp;José Alexander Araújo,&nbsp;Jorge L.A. Ferreira,&nbsp;Cosme Roberto Moreira da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the combined effects of temperature and cyclic loading on the fretting fatigue behavior of aluminum conductors is essential for reliable power transmission performance. This study investigates the impact of operating and emergency temperatures on the fretting fatigue life of 6201-T81 aluminum alloy wires extracted from 900 MCM All Aluminum Alloy Conductors (AAAC). Fretting fatigue tests were performed at 75 °C, representing standard operating conditions, and 100 °C, corresponding to the maximum emergency temperature permitted for this conductor type. A three-actuator fretting fatigue testing rig, equipped with a heating system capable of maintaining temperature within ±2 °C, was employed. A methodology was developed to achieve precise temperature control in the contact region, and the wire-against-wire fretting fatigue test configuration is detailed. Tests were displacement-controlled, with shear loads applied independently of the cyclic fatigue load. The apparatus successfully reproduced fretting fatigue conditions between aluminum wires, generating elliptical wear marks and maintaining a partial slip regime in accordance with Amontons' law, with clearly defined stick and slip zones. S-N (stress-life) curves were obtained for both temperature conditions. Results revealed a 34.7 % reduction in fatigue life at 75 °C and up to 42.9 % at 100 °C, reflecting temperature- and time-dependent changes in mechanical behavior. SEM analysis confirmed fretting fatigue failure, with larger stick zones observed at elevated temperatures due to thermal softening. Life reductions were attributed to microstructural changes: recovery at 75 °C, increasing ductility and reducing strength, and recrystallization at 100 °C, exceeding the typical recrystallization threshold of 90 °C for the 6201 alloy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206519"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Friction interface evolution and braking performance of high-speed trains on long downhill slopes under extreme cold environment","authors":"Hang Liu ,&nbsp;Zhicheng He ,&nbsp;Qixiang Zhang ,&nbsp;Caiqi Liao ,&nbsp;Kun Xiong ,&nbsp;Xiaocui Wang ,&nbsp;Chunguang Zhao ,&nbsp;Jiliang Mo","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wear.2026.206521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As high-speed railways extend into complex terrains, prolonged drag braking on long downhill slopes is required to maintain constant speed. Throughout this process, the friction pair is subjected to the combined effects of frictional heating and ambient temperature, which may cause performance deterioration and compromise braking safety. In this study, full-process “drag-parking” braking tests were conducted at −40 °C and 25 °C using a temperature-controlled braking simulation rig. Multi-scale characterizations, including friction coefficient, temperature rise, surface morphology, wear debris characteristics, and residual stress, were employed to elucidate the thermo–mechanical–wear evolution of the friction interface and its influence on parking braking performance. The results indicate that, under extreme cold conditions, the rapid dissipation of frictional heat promoted crack propagation and the accumulation of hard debris at the interface, while also inducing significant residual stress in the brake disc after braking. The resulting local interlocking effect shortened the braking distance, causing severe fluctuations in the friction coefficient, resulting in poor interface stability and braking controllability. In contrast, at room temperature, substantial heat accumulation enhanced material flow and induced matrix softening of the friction block, intensifying high-temperature adhesive wear and thermal ablation. The resulting exfoliated debris was compacted into a sliding layer, which lowered interfacial shear resistance and led to progressive thermal fade of friction performance, ultimately resulting in a considerable increase in braking distance. This study clarifies the coupled effects of frictional heat generation and ambient thermal exchange on friction interface evolution and parking braking performance, providing theoretical insights and experimental support for the safety assessment and structural optimization of high-speed train braking systems under extreme conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"588 ","pages":"Article 206521"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145941204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}