IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206553

G.S. Gehlen , F. Valentini , A.P. Nogueira , R. Masciocchi , A. Barbieri , G. Straffelini

This study investigates the incorporation of anodizing aluminum waste (AAW), primarily aluminum hydroxide, into commercial brake pad friction materials. Four formulations were evaluated: a reference benchmark, one with 12 % unsieved AAW, and two with 6 % and 12 % sieved AAW. Samples were produced by hot pressing and characterized in terms of wear, friction behavior, and particulate matter (PM) emissions using a sub-scale dynamometer and a 168-cycle braking protocol based on the AK Master standard. To assess the environmental implications of AAW addition and the associated drying step, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was also conducted. The results revealed that increasing AAW content led to larger friction coefficient fluctuations and higher sensitivity to pressure and sliding speed, with the 12 % AAW formulations showing the greatest instability. The mean coefficient of friction under mild braking conditions decreased with AAW incorporation. In terms of wear, the 6 % AAW formulation achieved performance comparable to the reference, whereas 12 % AAW increased pad wear; disc wear remained unaffected across all compositions. Importantly, PM emissions from AAW-containing materials were similar to or lower than those of the reference, regardless of AAW content or sieving. LCA demonstrated that replacing alumina with AAW consistently reduced environmental impacts across all categories. Overall, among the tested compositions, the 6 % AAW formulation provided the best compromise between tribological stability and environmental benefits, supporting both the technical feasibility and the sustainability potential of incorporating AAW into friction material manufacturing within an industrial symbiosis framework.

本研究探讨了阳极氧化废铝（AAW）（主要是氢氧化铝）在商用刹车片摩擦材料中的应用。评估了四种配方：一个参考基准，一个未经筛选的12%的AAW，两个分别筛选6%和12%的AAW。样品通过热压生产，并使用亚尺度测力仪和基于AK Master标准的168循环制动协议，对磨损、摩擦行为和颗粒物（PM）排放进行了表征。为了评估添加AAW及其相关干燥步骤的环境影响，还进行了生命周期评估（LCA）。结果表明，AAW含量的增加导致摩擦系数波动更大，对压力和滑动速度的敏感性更高，其中12%的AAW配方表现出最大的不稳定性。轻度制动条件下的平均摩擦系数随着AAW的加入而降低。在磨损方面，6% AAW配方达到了与参考配方相当的性能，而12% AAW增加了衬垫磨损；磁盘磨损在所有组合中都不受影响。重要的是，无论AAW含量或筛分如何，含AAW材料的PM排放量与参考材料相似或低于参考材料。LCA证明，用AAW代替氧化铝可以持续减少所有类别的环境影响。总体而言，在所测试的组合物中，6% AAW配方在摩擦学稳定性和环境效益之间提供了最佳折衷，支持在工业共生框架内将AAW纳入摩擦材料制造的技术可行性和可持续性潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistic effects of grain boundary and crystallographic orientation on atomic level removal mechanism of polycrystalline diamond 晶界和晶体取向对聚晶金刚石原子水平去除机制的协同作用

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206558

Bo Yang , Jiahao Shi , Xiangyan Ding , Bing Liu , Ning Hu

Polycrystalline CVD diamond (PCD) enables cost-effective large-area fabrication and exhibits exceptional thermal conductivity, making it an ideal heat dissipation substrate for high-power devices such as GaN chips. Achieving atomically smooth surfaces is essential for minimizing interfacial thermal resistance. However, the atomic level material removal mechanisms in PCD remain poorly understood, hindering the realization of atomically smooth PCD surfaces. Here, we demonstrate that height difference between grains constitutes the primary factor limiting surface quality in polished PCD. Through atomic force microscopy (AFM) nanoscratch experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we reveal pronounced anisotropic behavior in scratching forces, removal depths, dislocation densities, and amorphous phase formation when scratching along different crystallographic directions on identical crystal planes. Furthermore, grain boundary effects induce significant changes in both scratching force and removal depth when transitioning between adjacent grains along consistent scratching directions. This work provides fundamental insights for optimizing PCD polishing processes to achieve atomically smooth surfaces required for next-generation thermal management applications.

多晶CVD金刚石（PCD）能够实现经济高效的大面积制造，并具有优异的导热性，使其成为GaN芯片等高功率器件的理想散热基板。实现原子光滑表面对于最小化界面热阻至关重要。然而，原子水平的材料去除机制在PCD中仍然知之甚少，阻碍了原子光滑PCD表面的实现。在这里，我们证明了晶粒之间的高度差是限制抛光PCD表面质量的主要因素。通过原子力显微镜（AFM）纳米划痕实验和分子动力学（MD）模拟，我们揭示了在相同晶体平面上沿不同晶体学方向划痕时，划痕力、去除深度、位错密度和非晶态相形成的显著各向异性行为。此外，晶界效应在相邻晶粒之间沿一致的划痕方向过渡时，会引起划痕力和去除深度的显著变化。这项工作为优化PCD抛光工艺提供了基本的见解，以实现下一代热管理应用所需的原子光滑表面。

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引用次数: 0

Deformation hardening mechanism of laser cladded medium manganese steel coating during wear process 激光熔覆中锰钢涂层磨损过程中的变形硬化机理

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206511

Qingyue Meng , Haifeng Yang , Haiyu Liu , Hao Liu , Jingbin Hao , Songyong Liu

Medium-manganese steel (MMS) exhibits excellent conventional wear resistance, but its work-hardening ability is limited, resulting in brittle spalling and decrease its wear resistance under high load wear conditions. This study innovatively adopted laser cladding to prepare a MMS coating capable of sustained hardening under high load wear conditions. It analyzed the phase composition and microstructure of MMS coating. investigated the friction and wear properties of the coating under different wear loads and wear durations with a counter-ball made of Al₂O₃. The research results indicate that the deformation hardening mechanism of the coating is primarily dominated by Transformation Induced Plasticity (TRIP), with Twining Induced Plasticity (TWIP) providing synergistic strengthening. When the wear load was increased to 150 N, the strain hardening performance of the coating was fully exerted. At this point, the hardness of the wear track reached as high as 779.02 HV_0.1, while the hardness of the coating before wear was approximately 299.51 HV_0.1, it indicates that the MMS coating has excellent strain hardening capability. This study proposes the preparation of wear-resistant coatings using laser cladding MMS, which will provide a new solution to address the issue of insufficient wear resistance of MMS under high-stress conditions, a problem caused by its inadequate strain hardening capability.

中锰钢（MMS）具有优良的常规耐磨性，但加工硬化能力有限，在高负荷磨损条件下易发生脆性剥落，降低了其耐磨性。本研究创新性地采用激光熔覆技术制备了高负荷磨损条件下持续硬化的MMS涂层。分析了MMS涂层的相组成和显微组织。在不同的磨损载荷和磨损时间下，用Al2O3制球研究了涂层的摩擦磨损性能。研究结果表明：涂层的变形硬化机制主要以相变诱发塑性（TRIP）为主，孪晶诱发塑性（TWIP）起协同强化作用；当磨损载荷增加到150 N时，涂层的应变硬化性能得到充分发挥。此时，磨损迹的硬度高达779.02 HV0.1，而涂层磨损前的硬度约为299.51 HV0.1，表明MMS涂层具有优异的应变硬化能力。本研究提出利用激光熔覆MMS制备耐磨涂层，为解决MMS在高应力条件下由于应变硬化能力不足而导致耐磨性不足的问题提供了一种新的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Immersion and proteins reduce nanowear damage of CoCrMo under AFM single-asperity reciprocating sliding 浸渍和蛋白质可降低AFM单轴往复滑动作用下CoCrMo的纳米磨损损伤

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206557

Hwaran Lee , Jeremy L. Gilbert

This study investigated the environmental effect on the tribocorrosion behavior of cobalt chromium molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based nano-tribology under three environmental conditions: (1) air, (2) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and (3) bovine serum albumin (BSA) in PBS. Cyclic single-line scratches (8 μm) were generated using an AFM diamond tip (nominal radius 340 nm) under normal forces ranging from 137 to 170 μN (14.1–15.2 GPa stress). Tribological performance in solution-based conditions demonstrated significantly lower wear compared to air, contrary to the widely-accepted synergy of wear and corrosion. After 400 scratches, wear depth in air reached 62 nm, but reduced to 12 nm in PBS and further decreased to 7 nm in BSA. Similarly, wear volume in air (0.047 μm³), was 8 times greater than in PBS (0.0061 μm³) and 23 times greater than in BSA (0.0018 μm³) (p < 0.0001). Likewise, tests in air produced a greater volume of wear debris (0.116 μm³) than PBS (0.0076 μm³) and BSA (0.0018 μm³). Introducing fluid and albumin may alter the mechanical and electrochemical environment of CoCrMo oxide films to reduce wear. Unidentified proteinaceous aggregates in BSA environment suggest that proteins lubricate the surfaces and/or interacts with wear debris or ions.

本研究利用原子力显微镜（AFM）纳米摩擦学技术研究了三种环境条件下环境对钴铬钼（CoCrMo）合金摩擦腐蚀行为的影响：(1)空气、(2)磷酸盐缓冲盐水（PBS）和(3)PBS中的牛血清白蛋白（BSA）。在137 ~ 170 μN （14.1 ~ 15.2 GPa应力）的法向力作用下，AFM金刚石尖（公称半径340 nm）产生了循环单线划痕（8 μm）。与广泛接受的磨损和腐蚀的协同作用相反，溶液条件下的摩擦学性能表明，与空气相比，溶液条件下的磨损明显更低。经过400次划痕后，空气中的磨损深度达到62 nm，但在PBS中减少到12 nm，在BSA中进一步减少到7 nm。同样，空气中的磨损量（0.047 μm3）是PBS （0.0061 μm3）的8倍，是BSA （0.0018 μm3）的23倍（p < 0.0001）。同样，在空气中测试产生的磨损碎片体积（0.116 μm3）大于PBS （0.0076 μm3）和BSA （0.0018 μm3）。引入流体和白蛋白可以改变CoCrMo氧化膜的力学和电化学环境，从而减少磨损。BSA环境中未知的蛋白质聚集体表明蛋白质润滑表面和/或与磨损碎片或离子相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Anomalous tribology at high temperatures: How high-entropy alloys defy conventional wisdom in polycrystalline diamond compacts 高温下的异常摩擦学：高熵合金如何在多晶金刚石压片中挑战传统智慧

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206548

Dongxu Hou , Dezhong Meng , Jiajie Kang , Zhiqiang Fu , Kuo Hu , Liang Xu , Wen Yue

High temperatures during downhole resource exploitation have significantly impact the drilling efficiency. Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits are widely used in deep drilling operations, facing the challenges of elevated downhole temperatures and highly abrasive formations. Considering the amorphization of diamond, conventional wisdom suggests that PDC, employed as cutting parts in diamond drill bits, exhibit reduced wear resistance at high temperatures. This study demonstrates that the HEA-containing PDC exhibits a temperature-dependent reduction in wear resistance, followed by a pronounced anomalous enhancement at 300 °C. The wear rate of the HEA-bonded PDC (1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ mm³/N· mm) at 300 °C is only 62.5 % of that observed under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, its wear rate at high temperatures is only 60 % of that of cobalt-bonded PDC. Phase transformations within the HEA weakened its bonding strength with the diamond grains, leading to grain detachment during the wear process. Subsequently, HEA-containing wear debris accumulated at the wear interface, inducing a reconstruction phenomenon that protected the diamond grains. The wear mechanisms of counterparts were primarily abrasive wear, with a transition to fatigue wear at high temperatures and high frequencies. Moreover, the onset oxidation temperature of PDC containing HEA (910 °C) is significantly higher than that of PDC with cobalt (832 °C). This study will offer a novel pathway to design the anti-wear PDCs for elevated temperature conditions.

井下资源开采过程中的高温严重影响钻井效率。聚晶金刚石紧凑型（PDC）钻头广泛应用于深部钻井作业，面临着井下温度升高和高磨蚀性地层的挑战。考虑到金刚石的非晶化，传统观点认为PDC作为金刚石钻头的切削部件，在高温下的耐磨性降低。该研究表明，含hea的PDC在耐磨性方面表现出温度依赖性降低，随后在300°C时出现明显的异常增强。在300℃条件下，hea键合PDC （1.5 × 10−10 mm3/N·mm）的磨损率仅为环境条件下的62.5%。同时，其在高温下的磨损率仅为钴结合PDC的60%。HEA内部的相变削弱了其与金刚石晶粒的结合强度，导致磨损过程中晶粒脱落。随后，含hea的磨损碎屑在磨损界面积聚，形成保护金刚石颗粒的重建现象。合金的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主，在高温高频条件下向疲劳磨损过渡。含HEA PDC的起氧化温度（910℃）明显高于含钴PDC的起氧化温度（832℃）。本研究将为高温条件下抗磨pdc的设计提供一条新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Improving the tribological and anti-corrosion performance of LPBF-processed GH3230 superalloy by post-treatment 通过后处理提高lpbf加工的GH3230高温合金的摩擦学和防腐性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206560

Xiaohang Liu , Xueping Guo , Qilin Zhang , Shengbin Dai , Jiangqi Zhu , Bingwen Lu , Changri Xiong , Hao Qiu , Ting Yu , Xingchen Yan

The poor tribological performance and susceptibility to corrosion of as-printed nickel-based superalloys produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) limit their application in demanding environments, such as the unlubricated, high-temperature components of aerospace engines. To address this challenge, this study aims to enhance the wear and corrosion resistance of LPBF-fabricated GH3230 superalloy through tailored post-processing. Specimens were subjected to solution treatment (ST) and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and their microstructure, dry sliding wear behavior against a Si₃N₄ counter body, and electrochemical corrosion performance were systematically investigated. Results indicate that both ST and HIP promoted recrystallization and the formation of coarse carbides, completely transforming the initial molten pool structure. The HIP-treated alloy exhibited the lowest friction coefficient (0.69) and wear rate (3.23 × 10⁻⁵ mm³/(N·m)), which is attributed to the synergistic effect of coarse carbides and high-density dislocations that facilitated the formation of a work-hardened layer, thereby reducing the actual contact area. Furthermore, the HIP treatment enabled the formation of a more stable and protective passive film, resulting in superior corrosion resistance. This work demonstrates that HIP is an effective post-processing strategy for achieving a synergistic improvement in tribological and anti-corrosion properties, providing critical insights for the performance optimization of additively manufactured superalloys in severe service conditions.

激光粉末床熔合（LPBF）生产的镍基高温合金的摩擦学性能差，易腐蚀，限制了其在苛刻环境中的应用，如航空发动机的无润滑高温部件。为了解决这一挑战，本研究旨在通过定制后处理来提高lpbf制造的GH3230高温合金的耐磨损和耐腐蚀性能。对试样进行固溶处理（ST）和热等静压（HIP），系统地研究了试样的微观结构、对Si3N4反体的干滑动磨损行为和电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明：ST和HIP都促进了再结晶和粗碳化物的形成，完全改变了初始熔池结构；摩擦系数（0.69）和磨损率（3.23 × 10−5 mm3/(N·m)）最低，这是由于粗碳化物和高密度位错的协同作用，促进了加工硬化层的形成，从而减少了实际接触面积。此外，HIP处理能够形成更稳定和保护性的钝化膜，从而具有更好的耐腐蚀性。这项工作表明，HIP是一种有效的后处理策略，可以实现摩擦学和防腐性能的协同改进，为增材制造高温合金在恶劣使用条件下的性能优化提供关键见解。

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引用次数: 0

Tribological properties of gradient-structured TiAlSiN coatings: A comparative study with homogeneous coatings under a wide range of load-speed conditions 梯度结构TiAlSiN涂层的摩擦学性能：与均匀涂层在大范围载荷-速度条件下的比较研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206559

Lianggang Ji , Hanlian Liu , Chuanzhen Huang , Guanqun Wang , Xuefei Liu , Jinfu Zhao , Longhua Xu

To investigate the influence of gradient structure on the tribological properties of coatings, this study compares the dry sliding behavior of gradient TiAlSiN, homogeneous TiAlSiN, and TiAlN coatings against GCr15 steel balls under loads of 10–40 N and sliding speeds of 10–40 m/min. The wear mechanisms were revealed through multi-scale characterization. Results show that the wear rates of all three coatings increase with increasing load and speed, while the gradient coating exhibits a more stable friction coefficient and a gentler increase in wear rate. Under conditions of a 40 N load and a 20 m/min sliding speed, its wear rate is reduced by 17.2 % and 41.3 % compared to homogeneous TiAlSiN and TiAlN coatings, respectively. In terms of failure modes, homogeneous TiAlSiN exhibits brittle spalling, while TiAlN suffers from poor wear resistance due to low hardness. The superior performance of the gradient coating originates from its gradual microstructural and mechanical transitions. Finite element modeling (FEM) confirms that this design effectively mitigates stress concentrations, leading to enhanced load-bearing capacity and a reduced risk of interfacial delamination. Abrasive wear is the dominant mechanism for all coatings under low load and speed, while the synergistic effect of adhesive wear and oxidative wear becomes predominant under high load and speed. This study confirms that gradient structure design can significantly enhance wear resistance of coating, providing theoretical support for coating development under extreme operating conditions.

为了研究梯度结构对涂层摩擦学性能的影响，本研究比较了梯度TiAlSiN、均匀TiAlSiN和TiAlN涂层在10-40 N载荷和10-40 m/min滑动速度下对GCr15钢球的干滑动行为。通过多尺度表征揭示了磨损机理。结果表明，三种涂层的磨损率均随载荷和速度的增加而增加，而梯度涂层的摩擦系数更稳定，磨损率的增加更平缓。在载荷为40 N、滑动速度为20 m/min的条件下，其磨损率比均相TiAlSiN和TiAlN涂层分别降低了17.2%和41.3%。在失效模式方面，均质TiAlSiN表现为脆性剥落，而TiAlN由于硬度低，耐磨性较差。梯度涂层的优异性能源于其逐渐的微观组织和力学转变。有限元模型（FEM）证实，这种设计有效地减轻了应力集中，从而提高了承载能力，降低了界面分层的风险。在低负荷和低速下，磨料磨损是各涂层的主要磨损机制，而在高负荷和高速下，粘结磨损和氧化磨损的协同作用成为主要作用机制。本研究证实了梯度结构设计可以显著提高涂层的耐磨性，为极端工况下涂层的开发提供了理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Study on the evolution of braking interface friction behavior of high-speed trains under ice and snow conditions on long steep downhill lines 长陡坡线路冰雪条件下高速列车制动界面摩擦行为演化研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206554

Zhicheng He , Hang Liu , Qixiang Zhang , Wei Chen , Aiguo Shi , Xiaocui Wang , Zhiyong Fan , Jiliang Mo

In high-altitude cold regions with long downhill lines, the friction braking system of high-speed trains is vulnerable to environmental disturbances and thermo-mechanical coupling, posing serious safety challenges. This study investigates the impact of snowy conditions on the tribological behavior of the braking interface. A scaled braking test rig was developed to simulate low-temperature snowy environments, and continuous drag braking tests were conducted under both room temperature (RT) and ice and snow (IS) conditions. Friction heat accumulation, friction coefficient evolution, wear morphology, and debris behavior were analyzed to clarify the governing factors of interfacial contact. The results show that IS condition markedly changed the thermal response and contact state of the friction pair. With rising temperature, the system shifts from ice-film lubrication to water-film lubrication and finally to dry friction. In the ice-film stage, the lubricating role of the ice film produces a much lower friction coefficient than under RT, while its heat absorption and dissipation capacities significantly suppress the temperature rise. As the ice melts, the interface becomes liquid-lubricated. The friction coefficient increases stepwise, lubrication remains unstable, and debris adhesion and re-entry intensify heat buildup, accelerating block temperature rise. Once the water film evaporates, dry friction dominates, with larger friction coefficient fluctuations and more severe furrow wear induced by sheared debris. This study improves understanding of braking interface evolution under snowy low temperatures and offers theoretical support for performance regulation and safety improvement in cold-region high-speed trains.

在高海拔寒冷、下坡线路较长的地区，高速列车摩擦制动系统容易受到环境干扰和热-力耦合的影响，安全性面临严峻挑战。本研究探讨了积雪条件对制动界面摩擦学行为的影响。研制了模拟低温雪地环境的规模化制动试验台，在室温和冰雪条件下进行了连续阻力制动试验。分析了摩擦热积累、摩擦系数演变、磨损形貌和碎屑行为，阐明了界面接触的控制因素。结果表明，IS条件显著改变了摩擦副的热响应和接触状态。随着温度的升高，系统由冰膜润滑转变为水膜润滑，最后转变为干摩擦。在冰膜阶段，冰膜的润滑作用产生的摩擦系数远低于RT，而其吸热和耗散能力则显著抑制了温度的升高。当冰融化时，界面变成液体润滑。摩擦系数逐步增大，润滑不稳定，碎屑附着和再入加剧了热量积聚，加速了块体温度的升高。水膜蒸发后，干摩擦占主导地位，摩擦系数波动较大，切屑引起的沟损更严重。该研究提高了对冰雪低温条件下制动界面演化的认识，为寒区高速列车的性能调控和安全改进提供了理论支持。

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引用次数: 0

Cold sintering process on the tribological properties of h-BN@SiO2/PEEK composite 冷烧结工艺对h-BN@SiO2/PEEK复合材料摩擦学性能的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206549

Dapeng Gu , Hao Xu , Ke Liu , Chenxi Suo , Junqi Ge , Suwen Chen

To achieve the low-temperature combination of ceramics and polymers, the core-shell structure and cold sintering method are employed to prepare ceramic/polymer composites. An easy-bonding Silica (SiO₂) shell was introduced onto the surface of the hard-bonding Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) core by a sol-gel method to fabricate a core-shell structured h-BN@SiO₂ composite. Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) was subsequently filled into h-BN@SiO₂ to prepare h-BN@SiO₂/PEEK ceramic composite by a cold sintering method. The effects of PEEK content (20 vol%, 35 vol%, and 50 vol%), sintering temperature (205 °C, 245 °C, 285 °C, and 325 °C), and molding pressure (350 MPa, 450 MPa, and 550 MPa) on the dry tribological properties of h-BN@SiO₂/PEEK ceramic composites against GCr15 bearing steel were investigated using a ball-on-disc contact configuration. Field emission transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) were used to characterize and analyze h-BN@SiO₂ or h-BN@SiO₂/PEEK ceramic composites. The results indicate that h-BN@SiO₂/PEEK composite exhibits better tribological performance when fabricated with a PEEK content of 35 vol%, a sintering temperature of 285 °C, and a molding pressure of 450 MPa under the investigated conditions. The formation of a stable and continuous mixed lubrication layer composed of h-BN, PEEK, and SiO₂ is identified as the primary factor contributing to the enhanced friction reduction and wear resistance. Under the investigated conditions, the main wear mechanisms observed in h-BN@SiO₂/PEEK composites are adhesive wear, fatigue wear, and slight abrasive wear.

为了实现陶瓷与聚合物的低温结合，采用核壳结构和冷烧结方法制备陶瓷/聚合物复合材料。采用溶胶-凝胶法将易成键二氧化硅（SiO2）壳层引入硬成键六方氮化硼（h-BN）核表面，制备了核-壳结构h-BN@SiO2复合材料。随后将聚醚醚酮（PEEK）填充到h-BN@SiO2中，采用冷烧结法制备h-BN@SiO2/PEEK陶瓷复合材料。研究了PEEK含量（20 vol%、35 vol%和50 vol%）、烧结温度（205°C、245°C、285°C和325°C）和成型压力（350 MPa、450 MPa和550 MPa）对h-BN@SiO2/PEEK陶瓷复合材料与GCr15轴承钢干摩擦性能的影响。采用场发射透射电镜（TEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、场发射扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射仪（XRD）和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪（FTIR）对h-BN@SiO2或h-BN@SiO2/PEEK陶瓷复合材料进行了表征和分析。结果表明，在PEEK含量为35 vol%、烧结温度为285℃、成型压力为450 MPa的条件下，h-BN@SiO2/PEEK复合材料具有较好的摩擦学性能。由h-BN、PEEK和SiO2组成的稳定连续的混合润滑层的形成是增强减摩性和耐磨性的主要因素。在实验条件下，h-BN@SiO2/PEEK复合材料的主要磨损机制为黏着磨损、疲劳磨损和轻微磨粒磨损。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical and tribological properties of Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni composites reinforced by Cu-coated Mo2BC ceramic cu包覆Mo2BC陶瓷增强Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206551

Shuai Wang , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yu Cai , Xianjuan Pang , Long You , Chenfei Song , Sanming Du , Yongzhen Zhang

In this paper, Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni composites reinforced with varying contents of Mo₂BC and Cu-coated Mo₂BC were fabricated via vacuum hot-press sintering. The influence of Cu-coated Mo₂BC content on the mechanical and tribological properties of the composites was systematically examined. Results revealed that the Cu coating on Mo₂BC ceramic particles reacted with the aluminum alloy matrix during sintering, leading to the formation of Al₂Cu interfacial bridges. The incorporation of Cu-coated Mo₂BC significantly enhanced the overall mechanical properties of the composites, which was attributed to the synergistic effects of interfacial bridging strengthening and the pinning effect provided by the Mo₂BC ceramic particles. Moreover, the tribological performance of the Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni composites was markedly improved. When sliding against GCr15 bearing steel, the primary wear mechanisms of the unreinforced alloy included adhesive, fatigue, and abrasive wear. With the addition of up to 20 wt% Cu-coated Mo₂BC, a smooth and continuous oxide film formed on the worn surface, which exerted a lubricating effect and reduced wear. However, as the content of Cu-coated Mo₂BC further increased to 30 wt%, agglomeration of Mo₂BC particles became evident. Under applied shear stresses during sliding, these agglomerated particles were prone to fracture and disperse within the wear track, ultimately resulting in an increased friction coefficient and higher wear rate.

本文采用真空热压烧结法制备了不同Mo2BC含量的Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni复合材料和cu包覆Mo2BC复合材料。研究了cu包覆Mo2BC含量对复合材料力学性能和摩擦学性能的影响。结果表明，Mo2BC陶瓷颗粒表面的Cu涂层在烧结过程中与铝合金基体发生反应，形成Al2Cu界面桥；cu包覆Mo2BC的加入显著提高了复合材料的整体力学性能，这是由于界面桥接强化和Mo2BC陶瓷颗粒提供的钉住效应的协同作用。此外，Al-20Si-5Fe-2Ni复合材料的摩擦学性能也得到了显著改善。当与GCr15轴承钢滑动时，非增强合金的主要磨损机制包括粘接磨损、疲劳磨损和磨料磨损。添加高达20%的cu包覆Mo2BC，磨损表面形成光滑连续的氧化膜，发挥润滑作用，减少磨损。然而，随着cu包覆Mo2BC的含量进一步增加到30 wt%， Mo2BC颗粒的团聚现象变得明显。在滑动过程中施加的剪切应力作用下，这些团聚颗粒容易破裂并分散在磨损轨迹内，最终导致摩擦系数增加，磨损率提高。

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