IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206539

M.R. Ranju , Y. Arivu , R. Rejith , D. Kesavan

The effect of lubricant formulations on the antiwear performance of high nitrogen alloyed cronidur −30 bearing steel has been evaluated and compared with aerospace standard AISI 440C steel. Base oil without any additives, base lubricant (base oil formulated with additives), and graphene-additivated (GNL) lubricants were taken as lubricant variants in this study. Four-ball testing was conducted on lubricant variants, and the best antiwear performance was obtained with graphene nanolubricant at the optimum concentration. Wear reduction of 44 % and a coefficient of friction improvement of 8 % were obtained for GNL with optimal concentration compared to the base lubricant. The GNL with optimal concentration is used for further sliding friction testing with Cronidur 30 steel and results compared with AISI440C steel as reference. A comparative evaluation revealed that AISI 440C exhibited significantly improved antifriction performance than CR30 under all lubrication conditions. The application of graphene nanolubricant with effective concentration resulted in a reduction in the coefficient of friction, achieving up to 20 % for 440C and 88 % for CR30 compared to the base lubricant, highlighting the enhanced tribological effectiveness of GNL, particularly for CR30 material. The improved tribological behavior can be mainly ascribed to the combined influence of graphene's strong adsorption onto the contact surface, its ability to smoothen surface asperities through polishing and mending effects, and the development of a protective tribofilm that reduces direct metal-to-metal contact.

研究了润滑油配方对高氮合金克罗尼杜尔- 30轴承钢抗磨性能的影响，并与航空航天标准AISI 440C钢进行了比较。本研究以不含任何添加剂的基础油、基础润滑油（添加添加剂的基础油）和石墨烯添加剂（GNL）润滑油为润滑油变体。对润滑油进行了四球测试，在最佳浓度下，石墨烯纳米润滑剂获得了最佳的抗磨性能。与基础润滑剂相比，具有最佳浓度的GNL可使磨损减少44%，摩擦系数提高8%。采用最佳浓度的GNL与Cronidur 30钢进行进一步的滑动摩擦试验，并与AISI440C钢进行对比。对比评价表明，在所有润滑条件下，AISI 440C的抗摩擦性能都明显优于CR30。有效浓度的石墨烯纳米润滑剂的应用降低了摩擦系数，与基础润滑剂相比，440C和CR30的摩擦系数分别降低了20%和88%，突出了GNL增强的摩擦学效果，特别是对于CR30材料。改善的摩擦学行为主要归因于石墨烯在接触面上的强吸附，其通过抛光和修补作用平滑表面凹凸不平的能力，以及保护性摩擦膜的开发减少了金属与金属的直接接触。

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引用次数: 0

Tribological mechanisms of modified C/C-SiC composite discs: A comparison of copper-containing semi-metallic and copper-free friction pads 改性C/C- sic复合材料摩擦片的摩擦学机理：含铜半金属摩擦片与无铜摩擦片的比较

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206555

Sitao Shi , Fuyuan Wang , Su Cheng , Guanghai Liu , Laifei Cheng

Investigating the tribological behavior of C/C-SiC against various friction linings is crucial for their advancement. In this study, SiC and graphite hybrid fillers were incorporated into C/C-SiC composites using slurry infiltration (SI) and precursor infiltration and pyrolysis (PIP) methods to modify the matrix and optimize the composition and microstructure. A full-scale dynamometer was used to investigate the tribological behavior of a C/C-SiC disc against copper-containing semi-metallic and copper-free pads. The results indicated that the average coefficient of friction (COF) for semi-metallic-based pads is 0.46, while that for copper-free pads is 0.38. The analysis of the worn surfaces revealed that the infiltrated micro-SiC and reaction-formed nano-SiC forming a multiscale SiC-phase substructure exhibit a "synergistic plowing effect" during friction. Copper-containing semi-metallic pads exhibit a combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, with metal oxidation being the primary cause of fading. The main oxidation products are CuO, Cu₂O, and Fe₂O₃. In contrast, copper-free pads primarily experience abrasive wear. The smaller debris form dense contact plateaus, which result in reduced wear loss.

研究C/C- sic与各种摩擦衬里的摩擦学行为对其发展至关重要。本研究采用浆液浸润法（SI）和前驱体浸润热解法（PIP）将SiC和石墨杂化填料掺入C/C-SiC复合材料中，对基体进行改性，优化其组成和微观结构。采用全尺寸测力仪研究了C/C- sic圆盘与含铜半金属和无铜垫片的摩擦学行为。结果表明：半金属基垫片的平均摩擦系数为0.46，无铜垫片的平均摩擦系数为0.38；对磨损表面的分析表明，渗透的微碳化硅和反应形成的纳米碳化硅形成多尺度sic相亚结构，在摩擦过程中表现出“协同犁效应”。含铜半金属衬垫表现出磨料和粘接磨损的组合，金属氧化是褪色的主要原因。主要氧化产物为CuO、Cu2O和Fe2O3。相比之下，无铜衬垫主要经历磨料磨损。较小的碎片形成密集的接触平台，从而减少磨损损失。

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引用次数: 0

Anomalous tribology at high temperatures: How high-entropy alloys defy conventional wisdom in polycrystalline diamond compacts 高温下的异常摩擦学：高熵合金如何在多晶金刚石压片中挑战传统智慧

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206548

Dongxu Hou , Dezhong Meng , Jiajie Kang , Zhiqiang Fu , Kuo Hu , Liang Xu , Wen Yue

High temperatures during downhole resource exploitation have significantly impact the drilling efficiency. Polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) drill bits are widely used in deep drilling operations, facing the challenges of elevated downhole temperatures and highly abrasive formations. Considering the amorphization of diamond, conventional wisdom suggests that PDC, employed as cutting parts in diamond drill bits, exhibit reduced wear resistance at high temperatures. This study demonstrates that the HEA-containing PDC exhibits a temperature-dependent reduction in wear resistance, followed by a pronounced anomalous enhancement at 300 °C. The wear rate of the HEA-bonded PDC (1.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ mm³/N· mm) at 300 °C is only 62.5 % of that observed under ambient conditions. Meanwhile, its wear rate at high temperatures is only 60 % of that of cobalt-bonded PDC. Phase transformations within the HEA weakened its bonding strength with the diamond grains, leading to grain detachment during the wear process. Subsequently, HEA-containing wear debris accumulated at the wear interface, inducing a reconstruction phenomenon that protected the diamond grains. The wear mechanisms of counterparts were primarily abrasive wear, with a transition to fatigue wear at high temperatures and high frequencies. Moreover, the onset oxidation temperature of PDC containing HEA (910 °C) is significantly higher than that of PDC with cobalt (832 °C). This study will offer a novel pathway to design the anti-wear PDCs for elevated temperature conditions.

井下资源开采过程中的高温严重影响钻井效率。聚晶金刚石紧凑型（PDC）钻头广泛应用于深部钻井作业，面临着井下温度升高和高磨蚀性地层的挑战。考虑到金刚石的非晶化，传统观点认为PDC作为金刚石钻头的切削部件，在高温下的耐磨性降低。该研究表明，含hea的PDC在耐磨性方面表现出温度依赖性降低，随后在300°C时出现明显的异常增强。在300℃条件下，hea键合PDC （1.5 × 10−10 mm3/N·mm）的磨损率仅为环境条件下的62.5%。同时，其在高温下的磨损率仅为钴结合PDC的60%。HEA内部的相变削弱了其与金刚石晶粒的结合强度，导致磨损过程中晶粒脱落。随后，含hea的磨损碎屑在磨损界面积聚，形成保护金刚石颗粒的重建现象。合金的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主，在高温高频条件下向疲劳磨损过渡。含HEA PDC的起氧化温度（910℃）明显高于含钴PDC的起氧化温度（832℃）。本研究将为高温条件下抗磨pdc的设计提供一条新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

Thermochemical wear mechanisms of WC tools in CFRP countersinking: Oxidation-dominated damage and hole quality degradation CFRP沉孔中WC刀具的热化学磨损机理：氧化损伤和孔质量退化

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206531

Fei Wang , Yuanyuan Jiang , Yunqiao Zhang , Yang Yin , Guojin Li , Lei Chen , Linmao Qian

During Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) countersinking, inevitable wear of tungsten carbide (WC) tools degrades hole quality, critically impacting aircraft skin reliability. This study investigates the tool wear mechanism and its influence on countersinking finish by combining real manufacturing process analysis with simulated ball-on-disk sliding tests under heated conditions. Results demonstrate that thermomechanical coupling-induced oxidation wear is the primary driver of WC tool damage. As processing progresses, a sharp rise in cutting force occurs when the tool surface damage rate exceeds 25 %, triggering a transition to severe tribochemical wear. This shift accelerates tool degradation and impairs CFRP countersinking quality. Ultrasonic vibration-assisted machining (UVAM) mitigates wear by reducing tool-composite contact and suppressing oxidation, enhancing CFRP surface quality. These findings advance high-performance CFRP machining strategies.

在碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）沉孔过程中，不可避免的碳化钨（WC）工具磨损会降低孔质量，严重影响飞机蒙皮的可靠性。本研究通过结合实际制造过程分析和加热条件下模拟球盘滑动试验，研究了刀具磨损机理及其对沉孔光洁度的影响。结果表明，热-热耦合氧化磨损是WC刀具损伤的主要驱动因素。随着加工的进行，当刀具表面损伤率超过25%时，切削力会急剧上升，从而引发严重的摩擦化学磨损。这种转变加速了刀具的退化，损害了CFRP沉孔质量。超声振动辅助加工（UVAM）通过减少刀具与复合材料的接触和抑制氧化来减轻磨损，提高CFRP表面质量。这些发现推进了高性能CFRP加工策略。

引用次数: 0

Friction interface evolution and braking performance of high-speed trains on long downhill slopes under extreme cold environment 极寒环境下高速列车长下坡摩擦界面演化与制动性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206521

Hang Liu , Zhicheng He , Qixiang Zhang , Caiqi Liao , Kun Xiong , Xiaocui Wang , Chunguang Zhao , Jiliang Mo

As high-speed railways extend into complex terrains, prolonged drag braking on long downhill slopes is required to maintain constant speed. Throughout this process, the friction pair is subjected to the combined effects of frictional heating and ambient temperature, which may cause performance deterioration and compromise braking safety. In this study, full-process “drag-parking” braking tests were conducted at −40 °C and 25 °C using a temperature-controlled braking simulation rig. Multi-scale characterizations, including friction coefficient, temperature rise, surface morphology, wear debris characteristics, and residual stress, were employed to elucidate the thermo–mechanical–wear evolution of the friction interface and its influence on parking braking performance. The results indicate that, under extreme cold conditions, the rapid dissipation of frictional heat promoted crack propagation and the accumulation of hard debris at the interface, while also inducing significant residual stress in the brake disc after braking. The resulting local interlocking effect shortened the braking distance, causing severe fluctuations in the friction coefficient, resulting in poor interface stability and braking controllability. In contrast, at room temperature, substantial heat accumulation enhanced material flow and induced matrix softening of the friction block, intensifying high-temperature adhesive wear and thermal ablation. The resulting exfoliated debris was compacted into a sliding layer, which lowered interfacial shear resistance and led to progressive thermal fade of friction performance, ultimately resulting in a considerable increase in braking distance. This study clarifies the coupled effects of frictional heat generation and ambient thermal exchange on friction interface evolution and parking braking performance, providing theoretical insights and experimental support for the safety assessment and structural optimization of high-speed train braking systems under extreme conditions.

随着高速铁路延伸到复杂的地形，在漫长的下坡上需要长时间的阻力制动来保持恒定的速度。在整个过程中，摩擦副受到摩擦加热和环境温度的综合影响，可能导致性能下降并危及制动安全。在本研究中，使用温控制动模拟装置在- 40°C和25°C下进行了全程“拖停”制动试验。采用摩擦系数、温升、表面形貌、磨损碎片特征和残余应力等多尺度表征，分析了摩擦界面的热-机械-磨损演化过程及其对驻车制动性能的影响。结果表明，在极冷工况下，摩擦热的快速耗散促进了裂纹扩展和界面处硬屑的积累，同时也在制动后的制动盘中产生了显著的残余应力。由此产生的局部联锁效应缩短了制动距离，导致摩擦系数波动剧烈，导致界面稳定性和制动可控性差。相反，在室温下，大量的热积累增强了材料流动，诱导摩擦块的基体软化，加剧了高温粘着磨损和热烧蚀。由此产生的脱落碎屑被压实成滑动层，降低了界面剪切阻力，导致摩擦性能逐渐热衰减，最终导致制动距离大幅增加。本研究阐明了摩擦产热与环境热交换对摩擦界面演化和驻车制动性能的耦合影响，为极端工况下高速列车制动系统的安全性评估和结构优化提供了理论见解和实验支持。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental insights into temperature-dependent fretting fatigue and wear of aluminum conductor 温度依赖性微动疲劳与铝导体磨损的实验研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206519

Miguel A. Garcia, Ricardo Lenon Da Silva Rodrigues, José Alexander Araújo, Jorge L.A. Ferreira, Cosme Roberto Moreira da Silva

Understanding the combined effects of temperature and cyclic loading on the fretting fatigue behavior of aluminum conductors is essential for reliable power transmission performance. This study investigates the impact of operating and emergency temperatures on the fretting fatigue life of 6201-T81 aluminum alloy wires extracted from 900 MCM All Aluminum Alloy Conductors (AAAC). Fretting fatigue tests were performed at 75 °C, representing standard operating conditions, and 100 °C, corresponding to the maximum emergency temperature permitted for this conductor type. A three-actuator fretting fatigue testing rig, equipped with a heating system capable of maintaining temperature within ±2 °C, was employed. A methodology was developed to achieve precise temperature control in the contact region, and the wire-against-wire fretting fatigue test configuration is detailed. Tests were displacement-controlled, with shear loads applied independently of the cyclic fatigue load. The apparatus successfully reproduced fretting fatigue conditions between aluminum wires, generating elliptical wear marks and maintaining a partial slip regime in accordance with Amontons' law, with clearly defined stick and slip zones. S-N (stress-life) curves were obtained for both temperature conditions. Results revealed a 34.7 % reduction in fatigue life at 75 °C and up to 42.9 % at 100 °C, reflecting temperature- and time-dependent changes in mechanical behavior. SEM analysis confirmed fretting fatigue failure, with larger stick zones observed at elevated temperatures due to thermal softening. Life reductions were attributed to microstructural changes: recovery at 75 °C, increasing ductility and reducing strength, and recrystallization at 100 °C, exceeding the typical recrystallization threshold of 90 °C for the 6201 alloy.

了解温度和循环载荷对铝导体微动疲劳行为的综合影响对可靠的电力传输性能至关重要。研究了工作温度和应急温度对从900 MCM全铝合金导体（AAAC）中提取的6201-T81铝合金丝微动疲劳寿命的影响。微动疲劳试验在75°C（代表标准操作条件）和100°C（对应于该导体类型允许的最高紧急温度）下进行。采用三致动器微动疲劳试验台，配备温度维持在±2°C的加热系统。提出了一种在接触区域实现精确温度控制的方法，并详细介绍了线对线微动疲劳试验配置。试验是位移控制的，剪切载荷独立于循环疲劳载荷。该装置成功地再现了铝线之间的微动疲劳状态，产生椭圆磨损痕迹，并根据Amontons定律保持部分滑移状态，具有明确定义的粘滑区。得到了两种温度下的S-N（应力-寿命）曲线。结果显示，在75°C时疲劳寿命降低34.7%，在100°C时疲劳寿命降低42.9%，这反映了机械行为随温度和时间的变化。扫描电镜分析证实了微动疲劳失效，由于热软化，在高温下观察到更大的粘滞区。显微组织的变化导致了寿命的缩短：75°C时的恢复、延展性的提高和强度的降低，以及100°C时的再结晶，超过了6201合金的典型再结晶阈值90°C。

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引用次数: 0

Impact wear and dynamic responses of Mohs minerals under cyclic impact loads 循环冲击载荷下莫氏矿物的冲击磨损与动态响应

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206528

Xin Fan , Wen Yue

The impact wear of rock caused by cyclic impact loads from the drill pipe is an important factor contributing to wellbore instability. From the microscopic perspective, the accumulation of impact wear on constituent minerals results in the impact wear of the rock. Understanding the impact wear mechanism and dynamic response characteristics of minerals under cyclic impact loads is essential for controlling the stability of drill pipe and wellbore during oil and gas drilling. In this study, the major constituent minerals of rocks commonly encountered in drilling formations, such as quartz, feldspar, apatite, fluorite, calcite and gypsum, were selected as the test materials. These minerals are representative of the Mohs hardness scale. The evolution of key physical parameters associated with wellbore stability, including impact force and kinetic energy absorption rate, was analyzed with increasing impact cycles. The impact wear characteristics of different minerals were systematically compared. The results show that intrinsic material properties, including Mohs hardness, natural cleavage development, and brittleness, jointly determine the dynamic response, wear morphology, and wear mechanisms during the impact process. Numerical simulation results reveal a clear correlation between the wear scar morphology and the distribution of the maximum principal stress. This study aims to provide experimental data as a reference for controlling the stability of the drill pipe and wellbore in different formations during drilling.

钻杆的循环冲击载荷对岩石的冲击磨损是造成井筒失稳的重要因素。从微观上看，冲击磨损对组成矿物的积累导致了岩石的冲击磨损。了解矿物在循环冲击载荷作用下的冲击磨损机理和动态响应特性，对于控制油气钻井过程中钻杆和井筒的稳定性至关重要。本研究选取钻井地层中常见的岩石主要成分矿物石英、长石、磷灰石、萤石、方解石、石膏等作为试验材料。这些矿物是莫氏硬度标尺的代表。随着冲击次数的增加，分析了与井筒稳定性相关的关键物理参数（包括冲击力和动能吸收率）的演变。系统比较了不同矿物的冲击磨损特性。结果表明，材料的固有性能，包括莫氏硬度、自然解理发展和脆性，共同决定了冲击过程中的动态响应、磨损形态和磨损机制。数值模拟结果表明，磨损痕形貌与最大主应力分布有明显的相关性。本研究旨在为钻井过程中控制不同地层钻杆和井筒的稳定性提供实验数据参考。

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引用次数: 0

Comparative study on fretting wear behavior of micro-arc oxidation coatings formed in aluminate, phosphate, and silicate electrolytes on Ti6Al4V alloy Ti6Al4V合金微弧氧化膜微动磨损性能的比较研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206512

Zhangyue Qin , Yali Zhang , Xiaogang Zhang , Zhongmin Jin

In this study, micro-arc oxidation (MAO) coatings were fabricated on Ti6Al4V alloy using silicate, aluminate, and phosphate-based electrolytes, and their fretting wear behaviors and underlying mechanisms were systematically compared. The results showed that the coatings' discharge behavior, microstructure, and chemical composition were tightly coupled to the electrolyte composition, which in turn significantly influenced their fretting wear behaviors. Abrasive wear was identified as a common fretting wear mechanism across all three coatings. In addition, the P-MAO coating exhibited severe fatigue wear and tribochemical reduction, corresponding to the poorest resistance to fretting wear. The Al-MAO coating underwent weaker fatigue wear than the P-MAO coating, yielding an intermediate level of fretting wear resistance. Benefiting from its densest and most uniform microstructure, the Si-MAO coating effectively suppressed fatigue damage, thereby achieving the best fretting wear performance. Meanwhile, against different coatings, the fretting wear characteristics of the ZTA counter body also varied. When fretting against the P-MAO coating, ZTA exhibited pronounced abrasive wear accompanied by adhesive transfer from the coating's substrate. When coupled with the Al-MAO coating, ZTA displayed discernible ploughing, indicative of a comparatively weaker abrasive wear response. By contrast, in fretting against the Si-MAO coating, the fretting damage on ZTA was minimal, manifesting only as faint surface scratches. Notably, unlike sliding wear, tribological performance depended more on coating compactness than on hardness in fretting wear. The Si-MAO coating-rather than the Al-MAO coating-demonstrated superior practical performance and application potential in fretting wear. The fretting damage evolution in the Al-MAO coating followed the pattern “crack initiation-pore compaction/crack propagation-wear removal/fatigue spallation,” whereas that in the Si-MAO coating proceeded via “pore compaction-wear removal.”

在本研究中，采用硅酸盐、铝酸盐和磷酸基电解质在Ti6Al4V合金表面制备了微弧氧化（MAO）涂层，并对其微动磨损行为和机理进行了系统比较。结果表明，涂层的放电行为、微观结构和化学成分与电解质组成紧密耦合，从而显著影响其微动磨损行为。磨料磨损被认为是三种涂层共同的微动磨损机制。此外，P-MAO涂层表现出严重的疲劳磨损和摩擦化学减少性，其抗微动磨损性能最差。Al-MAO涂层的疲劳磨损比P-MAO涂层弱，具有中等水平的微动耐磨性。Si-MAO涂层具有最致密、最均匀的微观组织，能有效抑制疲劳损伤，从而达到最佳微动磨损性能。同时，对于不同的涂层，ZTA反体的微动磨损特性也有所不同。当与P-MAO涂层摩擦时，ZTA表现出明显的磨粒磨损，并伴有涂层基材的粘合剂转移。当与Al-MAO涂层结合时，ZTA显示出明显的犁耕现象，表明相对较弱的磨料磨损响应。相比之下，在对Si-MAO涂层的微动中，ZTA的微动损伤很小，仅表现为微弱的表面划痕。值得注意的是，与滑动磨损不同，摩擦磨损的摩擦学性能更多地取决于涂层的密实度，而不是硬度。Si-MAO涂层比Al-MAO涂层在微动磨损方面表现出更优异的实用性能和应用潜力。Al-MAO涂层的微动损伤演化遵循“裂纹萌生—孔隙压实—裂纹扩展—磨损—疲劳剥落”的模式，而Si-MAO涂层的微动损伤演化遵循“孔隙压实—磨损”的模式。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanical and tribological properties of Si3N4 and graphene binary reinforced copper-based self-lubricating materials 氮化硅和石墨烯二元增强铜基自润滑材料的力学和摩擦学性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206529

Yu Lv, Min Zhong, Meirong Yi, Zhixin Shi, Jianfeng Chen, Wenhu Xu

This study systematically investigates the mechanical and tribological properties of Cu-based composites strengthened by Si₃N₄ (3.0 wt%) and graphene (0.5–2.0 wt%). Multi-scale characterization approaches combining SEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS were employed to analyze polished surfaces, wear tracks, cross-sectional friction layers, and wear debris. The results indicate that the addition of reinforcing phases significantly enhances the mechanical and tribological behavior of composites compared to pure copper. During the friction process, graphene continuously separates from the matrix to the friction surface, forming a carbon-rich lubricating film. It prevents direct action between the matrix and counter-material, thereby enhancing the abrasion resistance of the composite. Furthermore, Si₃N₄, as a component of the lubricating film, enhances the film strength, making it less prone to detachment during friction. Compared to pure copper, the hybrid reinforcement system demonstrates remarkable property enhancement. The optimal performance is achieved at 3.0 wt% Si₃N₄ and 1.5 wt% graphene.

本研究系统地研究了Si3N4 （3.0 wt%）和石墨烯（0.5-2.0 wt%）增强cu基复合材料的力学和摩擦学性能。采用SEM、EDS、XRD、XPS等多尺度表征方法对抛光表面、磨损痕迹、横截面摩擦层和磨损碎屑进行了分析。结果表明，与纯铜相比，增强相的加入显著提高了复合材料的力学性能和摩擦学性能。在摩擦过程中，石墨烯不断从基体分离到摩擦表面，形成富碳润滑膜。它防止了基体和反相材料之间的直接作用，从而提高了复合材料的耐磨性。此外，Si3N4作为润滑膜的组成部分，提高了润滑膜的强度，使其在摩擦过程中不易脱落。与纯铜相比，混合增强体系的性能得到了显著提高。当Si3N4质量分数为3.0 wt%，石墨烯质量分数为1.5 wt%时，性能达到最佳。

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引用次数: 0

Synergistically improving the wear and rolling contact fatigue properties of laser-directed energy deposited 18Ni300 by controlling the nanoprecipitate and austenite 通过控制纳米沉淀和奥氏体，协同改善激光定向能沉积18Ni300的磨损和滚动接触疲劳性能

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206517

Beibei Zhu, Gaofeng Xu, Li Meng, Xu Liu, Qianwu Hu, Xiaoyan Zeng

Forming maraging-steel deposits on railway crossing surfaces via laser directed energy deposition can extend the service life, but suffer the unbalanced wear and RCF resistance. This study employs induction heat treatment for in-situ microstructural tailoring of 18Ni300 deposits, achieving synergistic enhancement of wear and RCF resistance through precise control of nanoprecipitates and reversed austenite (RA'). With increasing temperature, RA' nucleation sites shift from HAGBs to LAGBs, accompanied by increased volume fraction and grain coarsening; nanoprecipitates evolve from coherent η-Ni₃Ti (500 °C) to semi-coherent η-Ni₃Ti and Ni₃Mo (600 °C), and finally to incoherent Laves-Fe₂Mo (700 °C). Optimal synergy between wear and RCF resistance emerges at 600 °C, attributed to strengthening via dislocation pinning by semi-coherent nanoprecipitates and stress dissipation through plastic flow of nano-sized RA'.

激光定向能沉积法在铁路道口表面形成马氏体钢沉积层，可以延长道口表面的使用寿命，但存在不平衡磨损和抗RCF性。本研究采用感应热处理对18Ni300镀层进行原位显微组织裁剪，通过精确控制纳米沉淀和反奥氏体（RA’），实现耐磨和抗RCF性能的协同增强。随着温度的升高，RA的成核位点由HAGBs向LAGBs转变，同时伴随着体积分数的增加和晶粒的粗化；纳米沉淀从η-Ni3Ti（500°C）到半η-Ni3Ti和Ni3Mo(600°C)，最后到laes - fe2mo（700°C）。在600°C时，磨损和抗RCF性能之间的最佳协同作用出现，这归因于半相干纳米沉淀物通过位错钉住进行强化，以及纳米尺寸RA'通过塑性流动进行应力消散。

引用次数: 0

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