IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206491

Zdeněk Říha , Michal Zeleňák , Fernando Kevin Miranda , Akash Nag , Alice Chlupová , Jakub Poloprudský , Vladimír Foldyna , Petr Hlaváček , Libor Sitek

This study examines the effect of the frequency of modulated water jet on material erosion in both air and submerged environments. Two prototypes of nozzles with the ability to self-excite flow oscillations, each featuring an identical outlet orifice (1 × 1 mm), were developed to modulate water jets at distinct oscillating frequency levels (from 6 to 45 kHz). Jet oscillation characteristics were predicted via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated experimentally using direct pressure-sensor measurements and indirect optical frequency-monitoring techniques. Optimal standoff distance (SOD) between the selected nozzle and the target surface was found (from 10 to 15 mm). Erosion tests were conducted on pure copper samples in both air and underwater conditions. During erosion testing, flow rates (19 and 24 l/min) and pressures (80 and 140 MPa) were continuously recorded by diagnostic sensors to maintain constant hydraulic power (26 kW and 55 kW). The resulting erosion grooves formed on copper samples under air and submerged conditions by moving the nozzle above the target surface (1 mm/s) were characterized by optical profilometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative analysis of removed volume, groove geometry, and surface defects was conducted to elucidate the relationship between the frequency of the modulated water jet and erosion performance. The results confirmed that an increase in the frequency of the modulated high-speed water jet significantly enhances erosion efficiency in both tested environments. However, in submerged conditions, a pronounced attenuation of the jet occurs, reflected in a lower volume of material removal. Further details are discussed in the subsequent sections of the manuscript.

本研究考察了在空气和水下环境中调制水射流频率对物质侵蚀的影响。开发了两种具有自激流动振荡能力的喷嘴原型，每个喷嘴都具有相同的出口孔（1 × 1 mm），用于在不同的振荡频率水平（从6到45 kHz）调制水射流。射流振荡特性通过计算流体动力学（CFD）进行预测，并通过直接压力传感器测量和间接光学频率监测技术进行实验验证。选定的喷嘴与目标表面之间的最佳距离（SOD）为10 ~ 15 mm。在空气和水下条件下对纯铜样品进行了腐蚀试验。在侵蚀测试期间，通过诊断传感器连续记录流速（19和24 l/min）和压力（80和140 MPa），以保持恒定的液压功率（26 kW和55 kW）。在空气和浸没条件下，通过将喷嘴移动到目标表面以上（1 mm/s），对铜样品上形成的侵蚀槽进行了光学轮廓术和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）的表征。通过对去除体积、沟槽几何形状和表面缺陷的定量分析，阐明了调制水射流频率与侵蚀性能之间的关系。结果证实，在两种测试环境中，调制高速水射流频率的增加显著提高了冲蚀效率。然而，在水下条件下，射流发生明显的衰减，反映在较低的材料去除量上。进一步的细节将在手稿的后续章节中讨论。

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引用次数: 0

Friction and wear prediction of copper-free resin-based brake materials: A hybrid PSO-FPA-BP neural network approach 无铜树脂基制动材料的摩擦磨损预测：混合PSO-FPA-BP神经网络方法

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206536

Kaikui Zheng , Qing Le , Ling Pan , Jianmeng Huang

Copper-free resin-based brake materials are multicomponent composites comprising both organic and inorganic constituents. Their friction and wear behavior is governed by complex nonlinear interactions among various components and temperature, making accurate prediction through conventional approaches difficult. To overcome this challenge, the present study investigates a novel copper-free resin-based brake material reinforced with foundry waste sand, and proposes a back-propagation (BP) neural network model optimized by a hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization–Flower Pollination Algorithm (PSO-FPA), referred to as PSO-FPA-BP, for precise prediction of the material's friction and wear properties. Orthogonal analysis of variance (ANOVA) was employed to examine the correlations between the friction coefficient, wear rate, and raw material composition, with the optimal formulation determined through range analysis. The data derived from orthogonal experiments served as the training set for model development. Using the principal material components and temperature as input variables, and the friction coefficient and wear rate as outputs, the PSO-FPA-BP prediction model was constructed. Comparative evaluations against BP neural networks optimized solely by the Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA-BP) or the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (PSO-BP) revealed that the PSO-FPA-BP model achieved superior predictive accuracy, with coefficients of determination (R²) of 0.879 for the friction coefficient and 0.979 for the wear rate. Furthermore, friction and wear tests were conducted using the optimized formulation to generate validation data. The results indicated that the prediction accuracy of the PSO-FPA-BP model reached 95.005 % for the friction coefficient and 88.021 % for the wear rate on the validation samples, confirming the model's strong robustness and generalization capability.

无铜树脂基制动材料是由有机和无机成分组成的多组分复合材料。它们的摩擦磨损行为受各部件之间复杂的非线性相互作用和温度的影响，难以通过传统方法进行准确预测。为了克服这一挑战，本研究研究了一种用铸造废砂增强的新型无铜树脂基制动材料，并提出了一种由混合粒子群优化-花授粉算法（PSO-FPA）优化的反向传播（BP）神经网络模型，简称PSO-FPA-BP，用于精确预测材料的摩擦和磨损性能。采用正交方差分析（ANOVA）检验摩擦系数、磨损率与原料成分的相关性，并通过极差分析确定最佳配方。正交实验得到的数据作为模型开发的训练集。以主材料成分和温度为输入变量，摩擦系数和磨损率为输出变量，构建了PSO-FPA-BP预测模型。与单纯采用授粉算法（Flower Pollination Algorithm, FPA-BP）和粒子群算法（Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, PSO-BP）优化的BP神经网络相比，PSO-FPA-BP模型的摩擦系数和磨损率的决定系数（R2）分别为0.879和0.979，预测精度更高。此外，使用优化后的配方进行了摩擦磨损试验，以生成验证数据。结果表明，PSO-FPA-BP模型对验证样品的摩擦系数和磨损率的预测精度分别达到95.005%和88.021%，表明该模型具有较强的鲁棒性和泛化能力。

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引用次数: 0

Using electrochemical noise EN to investigate the tribocorrosion behaviour of Ti27.78Zr27.78Hf27.78Nb8.33Ta8.33 at% HEA 采用电化学噪声EN研究了Ti27.78Zr27.78Hf27.78Nb8.33Ta8.33在% HEA下的摩擦腐蚀行为

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206494

Righdan M. Namus , W Mark Rainforth

Commonly used metallic biomaterials exhibit significant disadvantages, including releasing toxic metallic ions from CoCrMo alloy and the insufficient wear resistance of Ti-based alloys. This underscores the need for enhanced metallic materials for orthopedic applications. The optimal material must exhibit superior mechanical properties, high corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and, crucially, exceptional tribocorrosion resistance. High Entropy Alloys (HEAs) are promising for fulfilling these requirements due to their remarkable combination of features that may be customised for individual purposes. The Ti_27.78Zr_27.78Hf_27.78Nb_8.33Ta_8.33 at% HEA has garnered interest as a promising candidate for orthopedic applications. This alloy demonstrates outstanding electrochemical performance. However, a comprehensive investigation into its tribocorrosion behaviour has yet to be conducted. The current study employed the Electrochemical Noise (EN) technique to analyze the tribocorrosion behaviour of the alloy in simulated body fluid at 37 °C. The findings indicate that the alloy demonstrates similar tribocorrosion performance when compared to its competitors. Additionally, the examination of the surface status after performing the tribocorrosion tests revealed a marked decrease in corrosion resistance.

常用的金属生物材料存在CoCrMo合金释放有毒金属离子、ti基合金耐磨性不足等缺点。这强调了骨科应用对增强金属材料的需求。最佳材料必须具有优异的机械性能，高耐腐蚀性，生物相容性，以及至关重要的特殊耐摩擦腐蚀性能。高熵合金（HEAs）有望满足这些要求，因为它们具有显著的特征组合，可以根据个人目的进行定制。Ti27.78Zr27.78Hf27.78Nb8.33Ta8.33 at% HEA作为一种有前途的骨科应用候选材料而引起了人们的兴趣。这种合金具有优异的电化学性能。然而，对其摩擦腐蚀行为的全面调查尚未进行。本研究采用电化学噪声（EN）技术分析了合金在37℃模拟体液中的摩擦腐蚀行为。研究结果表明，与竞争对手相比，该合金具有相似的摩擦腐蚀性能。此外，在进行摩擦腐蚀测试后，对表面状态的检查显示耐腐蚀性显着下降。

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引用次数: 0

Impact wear and dynamic responses of Mohs minerals under cyclic impact loads 循环冲击载荷下莫氏矿物的冲击磨损与动态响应

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206528

Xin Fan , Wen Yue

The impact wear of rock caused by cyclic impact loads from the drill pipe is an important factor contributing to wellbore instability. From the microscopic perspective, the accumulation of impact wear on constituent minerals results in the impact wear of the rock. Understanding the impact wear mechanism and dynamic response characteristics of minerals under cyclic impact loads is essential for controlling the stability of drill pipe and wellbore during oil and gas drilling. In this study, the major constituent minerals of rocks commonly encountered in drilling formations, such as quartz, feldspar, apatite, fluorite, calcite and gypsum, were selected as the test materials. These minerals are representative of the Mohs hardness scale. The evolution of key physical parameters associated with wellbore stability, including impact force and kinetic energy absorption rate, was analyzed with increasing impact cycles. The impact wear characteristics of different minerals were systematically compared. The results show that intrinsic material properties, including Mohs hardness, natural cleavage development, and brittleness, jointly determine the dynamic response, wear morphology, and wear mechanisms during the impact process. Numerical simulation results reveal a clear correlation between the wear scar morphology and the distribution of the maximum principal stress. This study aims to provide experimental data as a reference for controlling the stability of the drill pipe and wellbore in different formations during drilling.

钻杆的循环冲击载荷对岩石的冲击磨损是造成井筒失稳的重要因素。从微观上看，冲击磨损对组成矿物的积累导致了岩石的冲击磨损。了解矿物在循环冲击载荷作用下的冲击磨损机理和动态响应特性，对于控制油气钻井过程中钻杆和井筒的稳定性至关重要。本研究选取钻井地层中常见的岩石主要成分矿物石英、长石、磷灰石、萤石、方解石、石膏等作为试验材料。这些矿物是莫氏硬度标尺的代表。随着冲击次数的增加，分析了与井筒稳定性相关的关键物理参数（包括冲击力和动能吸收率）的演变。系统比较了不同矿物的冲击磨损特性。结果表明，材料的固有性能，包括莫氏硬度、自然解理发展和脆性，共同决定了冲击过程中的动态响应、磨损形态和磨损机制。数值模拟结果表明，磨损痕形貌与最大主应力分布有明显的相关性。本研究旨在为钻井过程中控制不同地层钻杆和井筒的稳定性提供实验数据参考。

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引用次数: 0

Fretting fatigue performance and life prediction of GH4169/FGH96 arc dovetail joints at high temperature GH4169/FGH96弧尾接头高温微动疲劳性能及寿命预测

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206524

Xiyuan Zhang , Dasheng Wei , Le Han , Tianxing Chai , Xiang Liu , Shun Yang

To address the challenges associated with fretting fatigue in aeroengine components, this study proposes a comprehensive analysis framework based on multiaxial damage criteria. The mechanical behavior of GH4169 arc dovetail joints is systematically investigated, and a corresponding life prediction model is developed. High-temperature fretting fatigue experiments, combined with multiple characterization techniques, are employed to acquire data on relative displacement, fracture morphology, surface wear, and elemental composition, thereby enabling an in-depth understanding of the damage evolution process. A three-dimensional finite element model of the arc dovetail structure is constructed, incorporating the Chaboche constitutive model to accurately capture stress-strain responses in critical regions of the tenon. A customized post-processing routine is implemented to visualize the multiaxial damage field. Based on the resulting damage distribution, a gradient-corrected life prediction method is proposed. The results indicate that the arc dovetail joint design effectively alters the stress distribution, thereby reducing fretting fatigue damage. Moreover, the proposed life prediction method demonstrates good physical relevance and prediction accuracy.

为了解决航空发动机部件的微动疲劳问题，本研究提出了一种基于多轴损伤准则的综合分析框架。系统研究了GH4169圆弧燕尾接头的力学行为，建立了相应的寿命预测模型。采用高温微动疲劳实验，结合多种表征技术，获取相对位移、断口形貌、表面磨损、元素组成等数据，深入了解损伤演化过程。利用Chaboche本构模型，建立了圆弧燕尾结构的三维有限元模型，准确捕捉了榫槽关键区域的应力应变响应。实现了自定义的后处理程序来可视化多轴损伤场。基于得到的损伤分布，提出了一种梯度校正寿命预测方法。结果表明，弧形燕尾接头设计有效地改变了应力分布，从而减少了微动疲劳损伤。此外，所提出的寿命预测方法具有良好的物理相关性和预测精度。

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引用次数: 0

Transient wear prediction and optimization for water-lubricated stave bearings 水润滑壁轴承瞬态磨损预测与优化

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2025.206483

Juan Guo , Ke Xiao , Dongxing Tang

To fill the research gap on the wear behavior of water-lubricated stave bearings (WLSBs) under mixed lubrication conditions, a transient friction–wear model was developed by coupling a transient mixed lubrication model with a transient wear model, incorporating cavitation effects and evolving surface roughness. Two wear models—a modified Archard wear model and a frictional fatigue wear model—were evaluated, showing higher predictive accuracy of the fatigue-based wear model compared with experimental results. Based on this framework, two single-parameter optimization strategies targeting curvature radius and inclination angle of staves were proposed, and their sensitivity to key parameters (number of staves and stave width ratio) was analyzed. Subsequently, a dual-parameter optimization was conducted, and its effectiveness in performance improvements was quantitatively assessed. The results indicate that a negative stave curvature radius coefficient (concave staves) combined with a small number of staves (≤8) and a large stave width ratio (≥0.8), or a moderate inclination angle (0.01°–0.04°) with commonly used stave numbers (6-10) across a wide range of width ratios, can enhance the mixedlubrication and anti-wear performance of WLSBs compared with untreated ones. Moreover, the findings reveal that dual-parameter optimization outperforms single-parameter strategies, particularly in wear reduction, achieving an additional 19–42 % decrease in wear volume under the current operating conditions. This work provides meaningful insights into the design of high-performance water-lubricated bearing systems in engineering applications.

为了填补混合润滑条件下水润滑壁板轴承磨损行为研究的空白，将瞬态混合润滑模型与瞬态磨损模型耦合，建立了考虑空化效应和表面粗糙度变化的瞬态摩擦磨损模型。对两种磨损模型——改进的Archard磨损模型和摩擦疲劳磨损模型进行了评估，结果表明疲劳磨损模型的预测精度高于实验结果。在此框架下，提出了两种以壁板曲率半径和倾角为目标的单参数优化策略，并分析了其对关键参数（壁板数和壁板宽比）的敏感性。随后，进行了双参数优化，并定量评估了其在性能改进方面的有效性。结果表明：与未处理的壁板相比，采用负的壁板曲率半径系数（凹壁）、小的壁板数（≤8）和大的壁板宽比（≥0.8）相结合，或在宽比范围内采用常用的壁板数（6 ~ 10）、适度的倾角（0.01°~ 0.04°）相结合，可以提高壁板的混合润滑和抗磨性能。此外，研究结果表明，双参数优化策略优于单参数优化策略，特别是在减少磨损方面，在当前运行条件下，可将磨损量减少19 - 42%。这项工作为工程应用中高性能水润滑轴承系统的设计提供了有意义的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Novel approach for a compressor blade using ultrasound-assisted chemical mechanical polishing performed by a developed polisher 压缩机叶片采用超声辅助化学机械抛光的新方法

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206522

Yaowen Wu , Zhenyu Zhang , Xiaofei Yang , Xibing Zhang , Zhiqiang Li , Yubao Liu , Xiaopei Li , Xiaoping Wu , Hongye Chen

A compressor blade of martensitic stainless steel with complex surface and structure is difficult to machine, due to its wear and corrosion resistance. Mechanical polishing is widely employed to polish the blade, causing the surface roughness Ra >0.3 μm and profile tolerance >0.04 mm. To solve this challenge, a novel approach of immersed ultrasonic-assisted green chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) was developed, which was performed by a new custom-made polisher, regardless of complex surfaces and structures. Novel CMP slurry is proposed, containing silicon carbide, malic acid, serine and hydrogen peroxide. After CMP, surface roughness Ra of a compressor blade reduced from 0.668 to 0.085 μm, decreasing 87.2 %, and material removal rate is 87.6 mm³/h. Prior to and after CMP, profile tolerance is 0.028 mm. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrates that the thickness of damaged layer decreased from 280.16 to 15.24 nm, lowering 94.5 %. A mechanical model of a compressor blade is suggested to investigate the stress exerted by slurry, according to the calculations of computational fluid dynamics. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared confirm that hydrogen peroxide oxidized the surface of compressor blade, forming oxides. The oxides were dissolved by the ionized H⁺ ions from malic acid and serine. Dissolved Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Cr³⁺ ions were chelated by -COOH, -OH and -NH₂ affiliated from malic acid and serine. Subsequently, soft oxide layer was removed by slurry. Our proposed novel ultrasonic-assisted green CMP offers new findings to achieve smooth surface with high profile tolerance on the surface of compressor blade, despite of its complex surface and structure.

马氏体不锈钢压气机叶片具有复杂的表面和结构，由于其耐磨损和耐腐蚀，因此难以加工。叶片广泛采用机械抛光，表面粗糙度Ra >；0.3 μm，轮廓公差>；0.04 mm。为了解决这一挑战，研究人员开发了一种浸入式超声辅助绿色化学机械抛光（CMP）的新方法，该方法由一种新型定制抛光机进行，无论复杂的表面和结构如何。提出了含碳化硅、苹果酸、丝氨酸和过氧化氢的新型CMP浆料。经过CMP处理后，压气机叶片表面粗糙度Ra从0.668 μm降低到0.085 μm，降低了87.2%，材料去除率为87.6 mm3/h。CMP前后，型材公差为0.028 mm。透射电镜显示，损伤层厚度由280.16 nm减小到15.24 nm，减小了94.5%。根据计算流体力学的计算，建立了压气机叶片的力学模型来研究浆液对叶片施加的应力。x射线光电子能谱和傅里叶红外变换证实，过氧化氢氧化压气机叶片表面，形成氧化物。氧化物被苹果酸和丝氨酸电离的H+离子溶解。溶解的Fe2+、Fe3+和Cr3+离子被苹果酸和丝氨酸附着的-COOH、-OH和-NH2螯合。随后，用浆料除去软氧化层。我们提出的新型超声辅助绿色CMP为压气机叶片表面的光滑和高轮廓公差提供了新的发现，尽管其表面和结构复杂。

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引用次数: 0

Chemical wear of cemented carbide tools in contact with Cu-Zn alloy – investigated using thermodynamic calculations 用热力学计算方法研究了与Cu-Zn合金接触的硬质合金刀具的化学磨损

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206530

F. Ekholm, J. Heinrichs Lindgren, S. Jacobson

Cemented carbide (WC-Co) tools are worn at a very slow rate when shearing Cu-Zn alloy wire into zipper elements. Despite this, the wear is the limiting factor in the operation. Analysis of worn WC-Co from both the zipper production and tribological tests, mimicking the wear caused by the shearing action, indicate that WC grains and Co binder are worn through oxidative mechanisms. The Zn in the alloy is believed to preferentially react with oxygen in the contact. The wear mechanisms are still not fully understood since the wear occurs at a very fine scale, and consequently leaves diminutive damage. In the present study, CALPHAD based thermodynamic calculations, proven successful for studying chemical wear of tool materials in other machining operations, are performed to further investigate the chemical wear of WC-Co against Cu-Zn alloy. Equilibrium conditions are set to represent the tribological contact. This enables the stable phases and their compositions, as well as their driving forces in the contact, to be calculated and coupled, to study possible chemical wear mechanisms.

The calculations indicate that wear of WC-Co is governed by oxidative mechanisms. Zn in the alloy can preferentially react with oxygen and this reduces its availability, so that both WC and Co become thermodynamically stable and thus not oxidise. This calculated effect of Zn becomes stronger with increasing Zn content and is therefore in line with the results from experimental work. This shows that CALPHAD is a suitable approach for investigating fine scale chemical wear of cemented carbides.

在将铜锌合金丝剪切成拉链元件时，硬质合金（WC-Co）工具的磨损速度非常慢。尽管如此，磨损仍然是作业中的限制因素。对拉链生产和摩擦试验中WC-Co磨损的分析，模拟了剪切作用引起的磨损，表明WC颗粒和Co粘结剂通过氧化机制磨损。合金中的Zn在接触中优先与氧反应。由于磨损发生在非常小的尺度上，因此留下的损伤很小，因此磨损机制仍未完全了解。在本研究中，基于CALPHAD的热力学计算被证明是成功的，用于研究其他加工操作中刀具材料的化学磨损，从而进一步研究WC-Co对Cu-Zn合金的化学磨损。设定平衡条件来表示摩擦学接触。这使得稳定相及其组成，以及它们在接触中的驱动力，可以被计算和耦合，以研究可能的化学磨损机制。计算结果表明，WC-Co的磨损受氧化机制控制。合金中的Zn可以优先与氧反应，这降低了它的可用性，因此WC和Co都变得热力学稳定，因此不会氧化。随着锌含量的增加，计算得到的锌的作用越来越强，与实验结果一致。这表明CALPHAD是研究硬质合金细尺度化学磨损的合适方法。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of groove texturing on fretting wear behavior of TC4 under plane/plane contact with dry and grease lubrication 槽织构对干润滑和脂润滑平面/平面接触TC4微动磨损行为的影响

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206527

Shenglin Liang , Zeeshan Anjum , Dingjun She , Xuanqi Sun , Qingwen Dai , Wei Huang , Xiaolei Wang

To explore the influence of surface textures, laser-processed grooved textures with varying area ratios were applied to TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy. Fretting wear tests were conducted using a plane-on-plane contact configuration under dry and grease-lubricated conditions. The results demonstrated that the grooved textures help store wear debris and reduce the energy friction coefficient. However, higher texture area ratios lead to increased contact stress and higher wear rates. Groove orientation also presents significant influence: the grooves in parallel to the direction of motion promoted debris removal, while the perpendicular grooves entrapped more debris. Under grease lubrication, the perpendicular grooves helped to squeeze the stored lubricant into the contact area and reduced the running-in period.

为了探讨表面织构对TC4 （Ti-6Al-4V）合金的影响，采用不同面积比的激光加工槽织构。在干润滑和润滑脂润滑条件下，采用平面对平面接触方式进行微动磨损试验。结果表明，沟槽织构有利于磨损碎片的储存，降低了能量摩擦系数。然而，较高的织构面积比导致接触应力增加和更高的磨损率。沟槽方向也有显著的影响，与运动方向平行的沟槽促进了岩屑的清除，而垂直的沟槽则捕获了更多的岩屑。在润滑脂润滑下，垂直凹槽有助于将储存的润滑剂挤压到接触区域，缩短了磨合期。

引用次数: 0

Investigation of three-body abrasive wear behavior in TiC particle-reinforced Martensitic/Austenitic multiphase steel TiC颗粒增强马氏体/奥氏体多相钢三体磨粒磨损行为研究

IF 6.1 1区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL

Wear

Pub Date : 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.wear.2026.206515

Xin Wang , Aiguo Yao , Zihan Zhang , Shuai Tong , Xinjun Sun

This study systematically investigates the influence of austenite content and its synergistic interaction with TiC particles on wear behavior. A novel “pre-partitioning-quenching” heat treatment process was employed as a key strategy to successfully fabricate TiC particle-reinforced martensite/austenite (M/A) multiphase steels containing 38–57 % metastable reverse austenite (RA). The wear performance of the developed steels was evaluated under wet sand/rubber wheel three-body abrasive wear conditions (ASTM G105-20) and systematically compared with that of commercial NM450 steel at applied loads of 100 N, 170 N, and 225 N. The results demonstrate that, under the tested conditions, the wear resistance of the TiC-free M/A multiphase steel is 1.05–1.29 times higher than that of NM450. Upon addition of 0.31–0.38 wt% Ti, wear resistance is further enhanced and increases with both applied load and RA content. Notably, the 7.5MnTi steel, which exhibits a higher RA fraction, achieves a wear resistance 1.97 times greater than that of NM450, despite having a relatively low hardness of approximately HBW 402. Comprehensive analysis confirms a significant synergistic effect between austenite and TiC. The improvement in wear resistance exceeds the sum of their individual contributions, indicating that these two components collectively enhance the wear resistance through a cooperative mechanism in this wet sand three-body wear environment.

本研究系统地研究了奥氏体含量及其与TiC颗粒的协同作用对磨损行为的影响。采用一种新型的“预分割淬火”热处理工艺，成功制备了含38 ~ 57%亚稳反奥氏体（RA）的TiC颗粒增强马氏体/奥氏体（M/A）多相钢。在湿砂/橡胶轮三体磨料磨损条件下（ASTM G105-20）评价了所开发钢的磨损性能，并与NM450钢在100 N、170 N和225 N载荷下的磨损性能进行了系统比较。结果表明，在试验条件下，无tic的M/A多相钢的耐磨性比NM450高1.05-1.29倍。当添加0.31-0.38 wt% Ti时，耐磨性进一步增强，并且随施加载荷和RA含量的增加而增加。值得注意的是，具有较高RA分数的7.5MnTi钢的耐磨性是NM450的1.97倍，尽管硬度相对较低，约为HBW 402。综合分析证实奥氏体与TiC之间存在显著的协同效应。耐磨性的提高超过了它们各自贡献的总和，说明在这种湿砂三体磨损环境下，这两种成分通过协同机制共同提高了耐磨性。

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引用次数: 0

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