Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781062
H. Çimen, S. M. Çınar, M. Nartkaya, I. Yabanova
The aim of this experimental study was to reduce electric energy consumption in marble cutting operation. We designed a prototype circular saw block cutting machine for marble cutting experiments. Fully computer-controlled this experimental set-up has a LabView based data acquisition and control system. In this study, manual and automatic cutting experiments were performed for three natural rocks (Cankiri beige and Afyon white marble and Denizli travertine). In experiments, travel speed is kept fixed in manual mode as usual in industry. Travel speed is controlled in automatic mode during the cutting process. Travel speed is controlled depending on specific energy. It is observed that, if automatic cutting is performed, electric energy saving can be provided in all of three rocks. Though energy saving is provided in all of three rocks, the best energy saving is provided in Cankiri beige marble.
本实验研究的目的是为了减少大理石切割过程中的电能消耗。我们设计了一个原型圆锯块切割机，用于大理石切割实验。本实验装置采用全计算机控制，具有基于LabView的数据采集和控制系统。本研究对三种天然岩石(Cankiri beige and Afyon白色大理石和Denizli石灰华)进行了手工和自动切割实验。在实验中，像工业中一样，在手动模式下保持固定的行驶速度。在切割过程中，移动速度控制在自动模式下。行进速度是根据特定能量来控制的。观察到，如果进行自动切削，三种岩石都可以提供电能节约。虽然三种岩石都具有节能功能，但Cankiri米色大理石的节能效果最好。
{"title":"Energy Efficiency in Natural Stone Cutting Process","authors":"H. Çimen, S. M. Çınar, M. Nartkaya, I. Yabanova","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781062","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this experimental study was to reduce electric energy consumption in marble cutting operation. We designed a prototype circular saw block cutting machine for marble cutting experiments. Fully computer-controlled this experimental set-up has a LabView based data acquisition and control system. In this study, manual and automatic cutting experiments were performed for three natural rocks (Cankiri beige and Afyon white marble and Denizli travertine). In experiments, travel speed is kept fixed in manual mode as usual in industry. Travel speed is controlled in automatic mode during the cutting process. Travel speed is controlled depending on specific energy. It is observed that, if automatic cutting is performed, electric energy saving can be provided in all of three rocks. Though energy saving is provided in all of three rocks, the best energy saving is provided in Cankiri beige marble.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125155243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781021
R. Tonkoski, L. Lopes
Overvoltages are one of the main reasons for limiting the amount of active power that can be exported by a microgrid and injected into a low voltage (LV) distribution system. The well-known trade offs used in medium voltage (MV) feeders need to be revisited considering the fact that the impedance of LV feeders is mostly resistive with large R/XL ratios. This digests investigates the impact of active power and reactive power variation on the voltage and losses of a radial LV distribution feeder with uniformly distributed loads and non-dispatchable (active power) sources. The feeder characteristics as well as the net active power of the buses are considered in the analysis. This shall give indications on how to decide between PV units with overrated inverters, for additional capacity of reactive power control, or energy storage devices, so as to minimize overvoltages during peak power production.
{"title":"Voltage Regulation in Radial Distribution Feeders with High Penetration of Photovoltaic","authors":"R. Tonkoski, L. Lopes","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781021","url":null,"abstract":"Overvoltages are one of the main reasons for limiting the amount of active power that can be exported by a microgrid and injected into a low voltage (LV) distribution system. The well-known trade offs used in medium voltage (MV) feeders need to be revisited considering the fact that the impedance of LV feeders is mostly resistive with large R/XL ratios. This digests investigates the impact of active power and reactive power variation on the voltage and losses of a radial LV distribution feeder with uniformly distributed loads and non-dispatchable (active power) sources. The feeder characteristics as well as the net active power of the buses are considered in the analysis. This shall give indications on how to decide between PV units with overrated inverters, for additional capacity of reactive power control, or energy storage devices, so as to minimize overvoltages during peak power production.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129125300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780997
Lizhi Wang
This paper analyzes the potential impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on locational marginal prices (LMPs). PHEVs are the next generation of hybrid electric vehicles with batteries that can be recharged by plugging into a standard electric power outlet. On the one hand, PHEVs produce less emissions, have higher mileage, and reduce dependency on foreign supplies of oil. On the other hand, economic and technical obstacles still exist, and potential impacts on both transportation and electric power systems need to be studied. Simulation results from a PJM five-bus test example show that, if the electricity load increases by 10% due to recharging PHEVs, the load-weighted mean and standard deviation of LMPs would increase by more than 26% and 62%, respectively. The effects of battery stations that provide hot-swap services are also studied. If the load increases by 10%, by taking advantage of the spatial price differences and shipping batteries between different locations, the battery stations could recharge the batteries at 73% of what it would cost for PHEV drivers to recharge in home garages. At the same time, the mean of LMPs would only increase by about 6% and the standard deviation would even decrease.
{"title":"Potential Impacts of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles on Locational Marginal Prices","authors":"Lizhi Wang","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780997","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the potential impacts of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) on locational marginal prices (LMPs). PHEVs are the next generation of hybrid electric vehicles with batteries that can be recharged by plugging into a standard electric power outlet. On the one hand, PHEVs produce less emissions, have higher mileage, and reduce dependency on foreign supplies of oil. On the other hand, economic and technical obstacles still exist, and potential impacts on both transportation and electric power systems need to be studied. Simulation results from a PJM five-bus test example show that, if the electricity load increases by 10% due to recharging PHEVs, the load-weighted mean and standard deviation of LMPs would increase by more than 26% and 62%, respectively. The effects of battery stations that provide hot-swap services are also studied. If the load increases by 10%, by taking advantage of the spatial price differences and shipping batteries between different locations, the battery stations could recharge the batteries at 73% of what it would cost for PHEV drivers to recharge in home garages. At the same time, the mean of LMPs would only increase by about 6% and the standard deviation would even decrease.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780996
Y. Aoyama, T. Yachi
IEEE abstract currently, most outdoor illumination sources use high intensity discharge (HID) lamps as light sources. Global concerns have been raised regarding the amount of power consumed by HID lamps, and by extension, the amount of atmospheric CO2 released due to such power consumption. Because of this, light emitting diod (LED) array illumination has received attention recently as an energy-reducing light source. Because the illumination produced by an LED is relatively weak, LED light fixtures differ in several ways from traditional light sources, and it is necessary to incorporate numerous LEDs into a module array in order to use them for road illumination. Concerns exist that the failure rate of LED module arrays will increase with the use of large number of LEDs. In this paper, we calculate changes to array reliability over set periods of time, and propose a module array design composition that was found to offer high-reliability.
{"title":"An LED Module Array System Designed for Streetlight Use","authors":"Y. Aoyama, T. Yachi","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780996","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE abstract currently, most outdoor illumination sources use high intensity discharge (HID) lamps as light sources. Global concerns have been raised regarding the amount of power consumed by HID lamps, and by extension, the amount of atmospheric CO2 released due to such power consumption. Because of this, light emitting diod (LED) array illumination has received attention recently as an energy-reducing light source. Because the illumination produced by an LED is relatively weak, LED light fixtures differ in several ways from traditional light sources, and it is necessary to incorporate numerous LEDs into a module array in order to use them for road illumination. Concerns exist that the failure rate of LED module arrays will increase with the use of large number of LEDs. In this paper, we calculate changes to array reliability over set periods of time, and propose a module array design composition that was found to offer high-reliability.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127917455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781044
J. Carr, J. Balda, Y. Feng, H. Mantooth
The growth of demand invariably lead to higher and higher fault currents, and as a consequence protection devices must have higher ratings. The integration of distributed energy resources further complicates protection schemes, especially those that assume a radial distribution scheme and power flowing in only one direction. These conditions generate an increasing demand for fault current limiters to keep fault currents within the ratings of existing protection equipment as well as to minimize the impact of distributed generation on the grid during faults. However, placement of protection equipment must be carefully considered in order to keep them cost effective and to prevent the limiters themselves from disrupting existing protective measures. This paper explores several placement and coordination guidelines, as well as provides simulations of fault current limiters placed in substations with ring bus and double bus configurations, respectively.
{"title":"Fault Current Limiter Placement Strategies and Evaluation in Two Example Systems","authors":"J. Carr, J. Balda, Y. Feng, H. Mantooth","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781044","url":null,"abstract":"The growth of demand invariably lead to higher and higher fault currents, and as a consequence protection devices must have higher ratings. The integration of distributed energy resources further complicates protection schemes, especially those that assume a radial distribution scheme and power flowing in only one direction. These conditions generate an increasing demand for fault current limiters to keep fault currents within the ratings of existing protection equipment as well as to minimize the impact of distributed generation on the grid during faults. However, placement of protection equipment must be carefully considered in order to keep them cost effective and to prevent the limiters themselves from disrupting existing protective measures. This paper explores several placement and coordination guidelines, as well as provides simulations of fault current limiters placed in substations with ring bus and double bus configurations, respectively.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"45 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115451759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781009
A. Korn, P. Steimer, Y. Suh, J. Kolar
The productivity of AC electric arc smelters widely used in the nonferrous metals industry is related to the arc voltage. Attempts to improve productivity with longer arcs and higher arc voltages give rise to power fluctuations which cause voltage flicker and frequent arc reignition failures. The furnace power is commonly regulated by moving the electrode rods to adjust the arc length. A 100 MW AC arc furnace power supply equipped with semiconductor switched regulation windings which greatly enhance furnace power control bandwidth is presented, along with suitable winding arrangements, semiconductor topologies, harmonic filters and commutation methods. This system was simulated together with a Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc model. The simulation model as well as the four-step commutation sequence has been experimentally verified by building and testing a single phase 230 V, 2 kW PWM modulated tap-changer. The simulations and experiments demonstrate that power-electronic transformer tap-changers with the ratings necessary for AC arc furnace power supplies are within reach of current semiconductor technology. They are significantly more effective at AC arc furnace power regulation in terms of device rated power than controlled series reactor approaches.
{"title":"Power-Electronic Transformer Tap-Changer for Increased AC Arc Furnace Productivity","authors":"A. Korn, P. Steimer, Y. Suh, J. Kolar","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781009","url":null,"abstract":"The productivity of AC electric arc smelters widely used in the nonferrous metals industry is related to the arc voltage. Attempts to improve productivity with longer arcs and higher arc voltages give rise to power fluctuations which cause voltage flicker and frequent arc reignition failures. The furnace power is commonly regulated by moving the electrode rods to adjust the arc length. A 100 MW AC arc furnace power supply equipped with semiconductor switched regulation windings which greatly enhance furnace power control bandwidth is presented, along with suitable winding arrangements, semiconductor topologies, harmonic filters and commutation methods. This system was simulated together with a Cassie-Mayr dynamic arc model. The simulation model as well as the four-step commutation sequence has been experimentally verified by building and testing a single phase 230 V, 2 kW PWM modulated tap-changer. The simulations and experiments demonstrate that power-electronic transformer tap-changers with the ratings necessary for AC arc furnace power supplies are within reach of current semiconductor technology. They are significantly more effective at AC arc furnace power regulation in terms of device rated power than controlled series reactor approaches.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133228902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781057
C. Guille, C. Guille, George Gross
The major increases in oil prices and the rising environmental concerns are key drivers in the growing popularity of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Car manufacturers understand this trend quite well and are developing new models. For the 90% of Americans who use their cars to get to work every day, the average daily commute distance is 45 km and the average daily time that cars remain parked is 22 hours. A salient feature that these vehicles have in common is the batteries, which provide good storage capacity that can be effectively integrated into the grid. We focus on the design of a conceptual framework needs to integrate the electric vehicles into the grid the so-called V2G concept. The basic premise we use is to treat the battery vehicles as distributed energy resources that can act both as supply and demand resources. We assess the deployment of an aggregation of battery vehicles for the provision of frequency regulation requiring very fast response times and energy supply for peak shaving. We also investigate the impacts of the aggregated battery vehicle charging load on the low load generation schedules and on regulation requirements. The assessment of these impacts takes into consideration the explicit representation of uncertainty and the importance of the state of charge as a key variable in the use of the batteries for the supply and demand roles. For the framework completeness, we also explore the role of the energy services provider in the V2G integration.
{"title":"Design of a Conceptual Framework for the V2G Implementation","authors":"C. Guille, C. Guille, George Gross","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781057","url":null,"abstract":"The major increases in oil prices and the rising environmental concerns are key drivers in the growing popularity of electric and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Car manufacturers understand this trend quite well and are developing new models. For the 90% of Americans who use their cars to get to work every day, the average daily commute distance is 45 km and the average daily time that cars remain parked is 22 hours. A salient feature that these vehicles have in common is the batteries, which provide good storage capacity that can be effectively integrated into the grid. We focus on the design of a conceptual framework needs to integrate the electric vehicles into the grid the so-called V2G concept. The basic premise we use is to treat the battery vehicles as distributed energy resources that can act both as supply and demand resources. We assess the deployment of an aggregation of battery vehicles for the provision of frequency regulation requiring very fast response times and energy supply for peak shaving. We also investigate the impacts of the aggregated battery vehicle charging load on the low load generation schedules and on regulation requirements. The assessment of these impacts takes into consideration the explicit representation of uncertainty and the importance of the state of charge as a key variable in the use of the batteries for the supply and demand roles. For the framework completeness, we also explore the role of the energy services provider in the V2G integration.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120957731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781039
E. Muljadi, T.B. Nguyen, M. Pai
With the scenario of wind power constituting up to 20% of the electric grid capacity in the future, the need for systematic studies of the impact of wind power on both voltage and transient stability of the grid has increased. A large number of parameters will affect such studies. For this paper, studies were conducted on a standard three-machine, nine-bus system augmented by a radially connected wind power plant (WPP), which contains 22 wind turbine generators (WTG). The studies include examining the voltage stability (P-V) curves of the system at the point of interconnection (POI), as well as in the radial system with and without the WPP. These voltage stability studies are done for the base case as well as for contingencies. This is followed by transient stability studies for three-phase faults, again at the POI as well on the radial system. The transient stability studies illustrate the capability of the WPP. The conclusions drawn from this study will be supported by an analytical study in the future.
{"title":"Impact of Wind Power Plants on Voltage and Transient Stability of Power Systems","authors":"E. Muljadi, T.B. Nguyen, M. Pai","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781039","url":null,"abstract":"With the scenario of wind power constituting up to 20% of the electric grid capacity in the future, the need for systematic studies of the impact of wind power on both voltage and transient stability of the grid has increased. A large number of parameters will affect such studies. For this paper, studies were conducted on a standard three-machine, nine-bus system augmented by a radially connected wind power plant (WPP), which contains 22 wind turbine generators (WTG). The studies include examining the voltage stability (P-V) curves of the system at the point of interconnection (POI), as well as in the radial system with and without the WPP. These voltage stability studies are done for the base case as well as for contingencies. This is followed by transient stability studies for three-phase faults, again at the POI as well on the radial system. The transient stability studies illustrate the capability of the WPP. The conclusions drawn from this study will be supported by an analytical study in the future.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130071970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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