Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781017
A.-S. Malidin, C. KAYSER-BRIL, N. Maizi, E. Assoumou, V. Boutin, V. Mazauric
Saving energy is an essential lever in cutting our greenhouse gases emissions. Worldwide, the building sector is responsible for 40% of energy consumption. We focus on the French commercial sector in order to assess the gains that could be made by using smart building techniques over the long term (2030-2050). We use a long-term planning model based on a Markal/Times approach. We develop a specific way of modeling energy savings potential and energy conservation techniques. The commercial sectors energy consumption, sorted by energy carrier, sub-sector and end-use, is determined for the baseline year (2000). It is then extrapolated to 2050, using existing French prospective studies. Assumptions are made on the value of other external parameters, such as energy prices, technological evolution, etc. The model shows that smart building helps to reduce the commercial sectors overall consumption by 8%. This result remains stable when external parameters are modified: smart building solutions are robust. These solutions are complementary to passive (insulation) solutions, and they result in a reduction of the global cost of the energy system.
{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Smart Building Techniques: a Prospective Study for France","authors":"A.-S. Malidin, C. KAYSER-BRIL, N. Maizi, E. Assoumou, V. Boutin, V. Mazauric","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781017","url":null,"abstract":"Saving energy is an essential lever in cutting our greenhouse gases emissions. Worldwide, the building sector is responsible for 40% of energy consumption. We focus on the French commercial sector in order to assess the gains that could be made by using smart building techniques over the long term (2030-2050). We use a long-term planning model based on a Markal/Times approach. We develop a specific way of modeling energy savings potential and energy conservation techniques. The commercial sectors energy consumption, sorted by energy carrier, sub-sector and end-use, is determined for the baseline year (2000). It is then extrapolated to 2050, using existing French prospective studies. Assumptions are made on the value of other external parameters, such as energy prices, technological evolution, etc. The model shows that smart building helps to reduce the commercial sectors overall consumption by 8%. This result remains stable when external parameters are modified: smart building solutions are robust. These solutions are complementary to passive (insulation) solutions, and they result in a reduction of the global cost of the energy system.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133196181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781074
I. Evans, R. Limpaecher, A. Dillon
The new AC-Linktrade HVDC transmission converter employs a new technical approach that bypasses the problems affecting currently available products. This new approach is based on the AC-Linktrade topology which was originally validated in the military. The AC-Linktrade technology, patented globally, is a resonant converter topology which is naturally ldquosoft switchingrdquo, which is characterized by negligible switch turn-on and no turn-off losses. With no switching losses, the AC Linktrade system can use high voltage solid state power devices (i.e. IGBTs or IGCTs) and run at high converter frequencies (up to 20 kHz using IGBTs). Power electronics systems that rely on PWM topologies are limited by the PWM characteristic of ldquohard switchingrdquo, which produces undesirable switching losses and high dv/dt (voltage rate of change). With switching losses as a limiting factor, PWM systems must use lower voltage switches, and more of them. The result is higher cost, higher complexity, higher component count, and thereby higher risk factors.
{"title":"Powering The Way - A Paper on AC Link TM Technology for 21st Century HVDC Transmission","authors":"I. Evans, R. Limpaecher, A. Dillon","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781074","url":null,"abstract":"The new AC-Linktrade HVDC transmission converter employs a new technical approach that bypasses the problems affecting currently available products. This new approach is based on the AC-Linktrade topology which was originally validated in the military. The AC-Linktrade technology, patented globally, is a resonant converter topology which is naturally ldquosoft switchingrdquo, which is characterized by negligible switch turn-on and no turn-off losses. With no switching losses, the AC Linktrade system can use high voltage solid state power devices (i.e. IGBTs or IGCTs) and run at high converter frequencies (up to 20 kHz using IGBTs). Power electronics systems that rely on PWM topologies are limited by the PWM characteristic of ldquohard switchingrdquo, which produces undesirable switching losses and high dv/dt (voltage rate of change). With switching losses as a limiting factor, PWM systems must use lower voltage switches, and more of them. The result is higher cost, higher complexity, higher component count, and thereby higher risk factors.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115520251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780989
N. Maizi, E. Assoumou
Following the European Council decision of March 2007, the European Union's common climate protection target for 2020 is a 20% reduction in GHG emissions. In order to acknowledge the related adjustments, opportunities and disadvantages for electricity generation associated with the design of energy policy goals, this paper explores different carbon mitigation policies over the next decades in the French case. Policies relying on CO2 emission reductions of 20% by 2020, followed with 50% by 2050, and combined with reductions in energy consumption, are discussed using long-term planning modelling. The results show a complex impact of mitigation policies on the future electricity mix and technologies. Focusing on electricity generation, we assess its interaction with renewable sources in the "French model" framework, whereby the country's unique energy policy has led it to rely on the highest nuclear power share in the world.
{"title":"Electricity Generation and Renewables under Carbon Mitigation Policies","authors":"N. Maizi, E. Assoumou","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4780989","url":null,"abstract":"Following the European Council decision of March 2007, the European Union's common climate protection target for 2020 is a 20% reduction in GHG emissions. In order to acknowledge the related adjustments, opportunities and disadvantages for electricity generation associated with the design of energy policy goals, this paper explores different carbon mitigation policies over the next decades in the French case. Policies relying on CO2 emission reductions of 20% by 2020, followed with 50% by 2050, and combined with reductions in energy consumption, are discussed using long-term planning modelling. The results show a complex impact of mitigation policies on the future electricity mix and technologies. Focusing on electricity generation, we assess its interaction with renewable sources in the \"French model\" framework, whereby the country's unique energy policy has led it to rely on the highest nuclear power share in the world.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124881192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781023
Eduardo Ibanez, J. McCalley, D. Aliprantis, Robert C. Brown, Konstantina Gkritza, Arun K. Somani, Lizhi Wang
The most significant energy consuming infrastructures and the greatest contributors to greenhouse gases for any nation today are electric and freight/passenger transportation systems. Technological alternatives for producing, transporting, and converting energy for electric and transportation systems are numerous. Addressing costs, sustainability, and resiliency of electric and transportation needs requires long-term assessment since these capital-intensive infrastructures take years to build with lifetimes approaching a century. Yet, the advent of electrically driven transportation, including cars, trucks, and trains, creates potential interdependencies between the two infrastructures that may be both problematic and beneficial. We are developing modeling capability to perform long-term electric and transportation infrastructure design at a national level, accounting for their interdependencies. The approach combines network flow modeling with a multiobjective solution method. We describe and compare it to the state of the art in energy planning models. An example is presented to illustrate important features of this new approach.
{"title":"National Energy and Transportation Systems: Interdependencies within a Long Term Planning Model","authors":"Eduardo Ibanez, J. McCalley, D. Aliprantis, Robert C. Brown, Konstantina Gkritza, Arun K. Somani, Lizhi Wang","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781023","url":null,"abstract":"The most significant energy consuming infrastructures and the greatest contributors to greenhouse gases for any nation today are electric and freight/passenger transportation systems. Technological alternatives for producing, transporting, and converting energy for electric and transportation systems are numerous. Addressing costs, sustainability, and resiliency of electric and transportation needs requires long-term assessment since these capital-intensive infrastructures take years to build with lifetimes approaching a century. Yet, the advent of electrically driven transportation, including cars, trucks, and trains, creates potential interdependencies between the two infrastructures that may be both problematic and beneficial. We are developing modeling capability to perform long-term electric and transportation infrastructure design at a national level, accounting for their interdependencies. The approach combines network flow modeling with a multiobjective solution method. We describe and compare it to the state of the art in energy planning models. An example is presented to illustrate important features of this new approach.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121904808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781032
Tinglong Pan, Z. Ji, Zhenhua Jiang
This paper presents a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method for variable-speed constant-frequency wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The proposed tracking method combines the ideas of sliding mode (SM) control and extremum seeking control (ESC). The only input needed in this method is the output active power of the generator. It avoids some difficult problems in traditional tracking algorithms, such as measuring the wind velocity, needing wind-turbine model and parameters, and detecting the gradient of power vs. rotor speed. The proposed method is tested on a double fed induction generator based wind energy conversion system. The back-to-back converters connected to the generator adopt the vector control method. The simulation model of an example WECS is established in MATLAB. The reference input of speed loop in the vector control is the optimal result resulting from the MPPT based on sliding mode ESC. Simulation results confirm the validity of this method.
{"title":"Maximum Power Point Tracking of Wind Energy Conversion Systems Based on Sliding Mode Extremum Seeking Control","authors":"Tinglong Pan, Z. Ji, Zhenhua Jiang","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781032","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel maximum power point tracking (MPPT) control method for variable-speed constant-frequency wind energy conversion systems (WECS). The proposed tracking method combines the ideas of sliding mode (SM) control and extremum seeking control (ESC). The only input needed in this method is the output active power of the generator. It avoids some difficult problems in traditional tracking algorithms, such as measuring the wind velocity, needing wind-turbine model and parameters, and detecting the gradient of power vs. rotor speed. The proposed method is tested on a double fed induction generator based wind energy conversion system. The back-to-back converters connected to the generator adopt the vector control method. The simulation model of an example WECS is established in MATLAB. The reference input of speed loop in the vector control is the optimal result resulting from the MPPT based on sliding mode ESC. Simulation results confirm the validity of this method.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126764249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781014
M. Galus, G. Andersson
Deployment of PHEV will initiate an integration of transportation and power systems. Intuitively, the PHEVs will constitute an additional demand to the electricity grid, potentially violating converter or line capacities when recharging. Smart management schemes can alleviate possible congestions in power systems, intelligently distributing available energy. As PHEV are inherently independent entities, an agent based approach is expedient. Nonlinear pricing will be adapted to model and manage recharging behavior of large numbers of autonomous PHEV agents connecting in one urban area modelled as an energy hub. The scheme will incorporate price dependability. An aggregation entity, with no private information about its customers, will manage the PHEV agents whose individual parameters will be based on technical constraints and individual objectives. Analysis of the management scheme will give implications for PHEV modelling and integration schemes as well as tentative ideas of possible repercussions on power systems.
{"title":"Demand Management of Grid Connected Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)","authors":"M. Galus, G. Andersson","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781014","url":null,"abstract":"Deployment of PHEV will initiate an integration of transportation and power systems. Intuitively, the PHEVs will constitute an additional demand to the electricity grid, potentially violating converter or line capacities when recharging. Smart management schemes can alleviate possible congestions in power systems, intelligently distributing available energy. As PHEV are inherently independent entities, an agent based approach is expedient. Nonlinear pricing will be adapted to model and manage recharging behavior of large numbers of autonomous PHEV agents connecting in one urban area modelled as an energy hub. The scheme will incorporate price dependability. An aggregation entity, with no private information about its customers, will manage the PHEV agents whose individual parameters will be based on technical constraints and individual objectives. Analysis of the management scheme will give implications for PHEV modelling and integration schemes as well as tentative ideas of possible repercussions on power systems.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"52 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131624657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781001
N. Anglani, A. Consoli, G. Petrecca
This paper reports practical examples of energy saving systems implemented in Europe by combined actions in both facilities and process equipment. The basic technologies employed can be widely applied to industry and tertiary sectors with slight modifications. Based on these experiences, prospects for further energy savings are presented focusing on renewable energy applications, new energy storage systems, the use of information technology and power electronics to improve plant control systems, new technologies such as a wider use of electricity instead of thermal energy from fuels. The use of electricity is encouraged by the continuous increase of utility plant efficiency up to 60% and also by the main beneficial environmental features of a concentrated emission production. A similar approach can also be used for buildings whose consumptions are expected to drop down to 30-40% of the current ones.
{"title":"Energy Efficiency Technologies for Industry and Tertiary Sectors: the European Experience and Perspective for the Future","authors":"N. Anglani, A. Consoli, G. Petrecca","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781001","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reports practical examples of energy saving systems implemented in Europe by combined actions in both facilities and process equipment. The basic technologies employed can be widely applied to industry and tertiary sectors with slight modifications. Based on these experiences, prospects for further energy savings are presented focusing on renewable energy applications, new energy storage systems, the use of information technology and power electronics to improve plant control systems, new technologies such as a wider use of electricity instead of thermal energy from fuels. The use of electricity is encouraged by the continuous increase of utility plant efficiency up to 60% and also by the main beneficial environmental features of a concentrated emission production. A similar approach can also be used for buildings whose consumptions are expected to drop down to 30-40% of the current ones.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134242641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781076
C. Coeckelenbergh, K. Achten, P. Baudin
A detailed energy audit is carried out for a complex of 6 office buildings in Brussels representing over 30 000 m2 of occupied space. The results show very high energy consumption for both heating and electricity. Detailed computers models are created of all 6 buildings and calibrated based on real consumption, monitoring results from Building Energy Management Systems, actual occupation profiles and real meteorological data for Brussels. Based on the model, a series of measures to increase the energy efficiency of the buildings are then proposed. A technical and economic analysis which evaluates the environmental impact and payback time of each measure is carried out. The objective of the study is to reduce energy consumption of existing buildings by 30% while keeping improvement measures economically interesting. Results show that energy savings of 27% are feasible with an overall payback time of approximately 3 years.
{"title":"Optimizing Operational Energy Performance through Dynamic Computer Simulations","authors":"C. Coeckelenbergh, K. Achten, P. Baudin","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781076","url":null,"abstract":"A detailed energy audit is carried out for a complex of 6 office buildings in Brussels representing over 30 000 m2 of occupied space. The results show very high energy consumption for both heating and electricity. Detailed computers models are created of all 6 buildings and calibrated based on real consumption, monitoring results from Building Energy Management Systems, actual occupation profiles and real meteorological data for Brussels. Based on the model, a series of measures to increase the energy efficiency of the buildings are then proposed. A technical and economic analysis which evaluates the environmental impact and payback time of each measure is carried out. The objective of the study is to reduce energy consumption of existing buildings by 30% while keeping improvement measures economically interesting. Results show that energy savings of 27% are feasible with an overall payback time of approximately 3 years.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129977324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781031
Yu Zhang, Zhenhua Jiang, X. Yu
Batteries are one of most cost-effective energy storage technologies. However, the use of batteries as energy buffers is somehow problematic, since it is hard, if not impossible, to recover from rapid power fluctuations without dramatically reducing the batteries' lifetimes. In a supercapacitor, energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electrochemical process as in a battery; thus the supercapacitor has a higher power density than a battery. It is then advantageous to combine these two energy storage devices to accomplish better power and energy performances. This paper presents an active hybrid energy storage system that comprises a rechargeable battery, a supercapacitor bank and two corresponding DC/DC power converters. The battery and the super-capacitor may be charged or discharged simultaneously with the current or power appropriately split between them. The battery may be predominant in either the charging or discharging mode. Three different control strategies for power sharing between them are developed for the hybrid energy storage system. These control strategies are verified and compared against each other under some certain operating conditions. The effects of controller parameter variations on the system performance are also studied.
{"title":"Control Strategies for Battery/Supercapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage Systems","authors":"Yu Zhang, Zhenhua Jiang, X. Yu","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781031","url":null,"abstract":"Batteries are one of most cost-effective energy storage technologies. However, the use of batteries as energy buffers is somehow problematic, since it is hard, if not impossible, to recover from rapid power fluctuations without dramatically reducing the batteries' lifetimes. In a supercapacitor, energy storage is by means of static charge rather than of an electrochemical process as in a battery; thus the supercapacitor has a higher power density than a battery. It is then advantageous to combine these two energy storage devices to accomplish better power and energy performances. This paper presents an active hybrid energy storage system that comprises a rechargeable battery, a supercapacitor bank and two corresponding DC/DC power converters. The battery and the super-capacitor may be charged or discharged simultaneously with the current or power appropriately split between them. The battery may be predominant in either the charging or discharging mode. Three different control strategies for power sharing between them are developed for the hybrid energy storage system. These control strategies are verified and compared against each other under some certain operating conditions. The effects of controller parameter variations on the system performance are also studied.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114159843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2008-11-01DOI: 10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781063
R. Mehta, D. Deshpande, K. Kulkarni, S. Sharma, D. Divan
Lighting accounts for approximately 30% of the total energy consumption in the US. An increasing focus on energy efficiency and sustainability is driving the adoption of efficient lighting technologies. Solid state lighting, in particular light emitting diodes (LED) offer significant potential for replacing a large part of the general lighting applications, currently occupied by incandescent and halogen lamps. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges for LEDs in general lighting, and shows the overall impact that this technology can have.
{"title":"LEDs A Competitive Solution for General Lighting Applications","authors":"R. Mehta, D. Deshpande, K. Kulkarni, S. Sharma, D. Divan","doi":"10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ENERGY.2008.4781063","url":null,"abstract":"Lighting accounts for approximately 30% of the total energy consumption in the US. An increasing focus on energy efficiency and sustainability is driving the adoption of efficient lighting technologies. Solid state lighting, in particular light emitting diodes (LED) offer significant potential for replacing a large part of the general lighting applications, currently occupied by incandescent and halogen lamps. This paper discusses the opportunities and challenges for LEDs in general lighting, and shows the overall impact that this technology can have.","PeriodicalId":240093,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE Energy 2030 Conference","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121299324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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