Pub Date : 2015-10-30DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000I002
Brandon Micsh
{"title":"Medical Image: Coronary Atherosclerosis","authors":"Brandon Micsh","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000I002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000I002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123560974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-30DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000279
F. B. Slama, Wala Gaaloul Helali, F. Mami, M. C. B. Rayana, O. Belhadj, H. Skhiri
At the obese diabetic ones, there’s a disturbance of lipid parameters from where the installation of an insulin resistance responsible for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the levels of insulin, leptin and oxidized LDL, and to search the link which could exist between these parameters and obesity represented by the body mass index (BMI >30 kg/m2). Methods: We proportioned the rate in total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol LDL, cholesterol HDL and oxidized LDL at 53 obese women diabetic not carrying pathologies other than the diabetes type 2 and obesity compared to 21 witnesses who theirs are paired according to the age. Results: Our results shows that levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL were higher in obese women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with control group. Moreover a positive and significant correlation between body mass index and blood glucose (r=0.408, p=0.002), leptin (r=0.436, p=0.001), insulin (r=0.403, p=0.003), cholesterol LDL (r=0.365, p=0.007) and oxidized LDL (r=0.632, p<0.001) and a negative and significant correlation between body mass index and cholesterol HDL (r=-0.345, p=0.011) were observed. An analysis multivariate linear regression showed that leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL were directly correlated with body mass index. Different biochemical parameters were correlated between each other and with body mass index. Leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL were directly correlated to obesity. Body mass index is a strong predictor of leptin circulating levels, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL. Conclusion: Body mass index can predict leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL circulating levels. So these parameters involved in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases can be controlling by regulation of body weight and prevention of obesity.
{"title":"Correlations of oxidized low density lipoprotein with insulin, leptin and risk of cardiovascular disease in a group of diabetic obese Tunisian women.","authors":"F. B. Slama, Wala Gaaloul Helali, F. Mami, M. C. B. Rayana, O. Belhadj, H. Skhiri","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000279","url":null,"abstract":"At the obese diabetic ones, there’s a disturbance of lipid parameters from where the installation of an insulin resistance responsible for the development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes. \u0000Objectives: Our objectives were to evaluate the levels of insulin, leptin and oxidized LDL, and to search the link which could exist between these parameters and obesity represented by the body mass index (BMI >30 kg/m2). \u0000Methods: We proportioned the rate in total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol LDL, cholesterol HDL and oxidized LDL at 53 obese women diabetic not carrying pathologies other than the diabetes type 2 and obesity compared to 21 witnesses who theirs are paired according to the age. \u0000Results: Our results shows that levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL were higher in obese women with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus compared with control group. Moreover a positive and significant correlation between body mass index and blood glucose (r=0.408, p=0.002), leptin (r=0.436, p=0.001), insulin (r=0.403, p=0.003), cholesterol LDL (r=0.365, p=0.007) and oxidized LDL (r=0.632, p<0.001) and a negative and significant correlation between body mass index and cholesterol HDL (r=-0.345, p=0.011) were observed. An analysis multivariate linear regression showed that leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL were directly correlated with body mass index. Different biochemical parameters were correlated between each other and with body mass index. Leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL were directly correlated to obesity. Body mass index is a strong predictor of leptin circulating levels, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL. \u0000Conclusion: Body mass index can predict leptin, cholesterol LDL and oxidized LDL circulating levels. So these parameters involved in diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases can be controlling by regulation of body weight and prevention of obesity.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"8 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134393207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-30DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000280
S. Alwahsh, G. Ramadori
The pandemic of obesity due to food “addiction” has led to a dramatic increase in rates of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is characterized by increased glucose and insulin (but not of the C-peptide) serum levels. Increase of insulin serum level without increase of insulin synthesis is supposed to be due to insulin resistance. Reduction of body weight (BW) through reduction of calories uptake is the most effective measure to treat T2DM and metabolic syndrome in obese patients. Appetite suppressant drugs which potentially reduce BW have several side effects, and as "lifestyle modifiers" are not approved of as potential antidiabetic drugs. In addition to the treatment of extreme (BMI ≥ 40) obesity, surgeons have expanded the offer of bariatric surgery as therapeutic option for diabetic, "non-morbid" (BMI ≤ 35) obesity. As a "collateral effect" of this surgical intervention, acute and long-term improvement of T2DM has been observed. Although several hypotheses to explain this improvement have been reported, the exact mechanism underlying the reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia immediately after surgery is unclear. Though long-term effects of the different operations have not yet been studied thoroughly. Besides weight-loss, bariatric surgery may also reduce lipid accumulation in the liver. Reverse of the hepatic lipid deposition may improve clearance of glucose and insulin from the liver and consequently lead to reduction their concentrations in the peripheral blood. This mechanism has not, however, been considered when effects of bariatric surgery on glucose metabolism have been reported. In fact, a few reports on limited patients number already published have given information about changes of liver size and/or liver lipid content at different time points postoperation. Future prospective studies should focus on the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism induced in the liver by the various types of surgical interventions.
{"title":"How Does Bariatric Surgery Improve Type II Diabetes? The ''Neglected'' Importance of the Liver in Clearing Glucose and Insulin from the Portal Blood","authors":"S. Alwahsh, G. Ramadori","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000280","url":null,"abstract":"The pandemic of obesity due to food “addiction” has led to a dramatic increase in rates of Type II Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). T2DM is characterized by increased glucose and insulin (but not of the C-peptide) serum levels. Increase of insulin serum level without increase of insulin synthesis is supposed to be due to insulin resistance. Reduction of body weight (BW) through reduction of calories uptake is the most effective measure to treat T2DM and metabolic syndrome in obese patients. Appetite suppressant drugs which potentially reduce BW have several side effects, and as \"lifestyle modifiers\" are not approved of as potential antidiabetic drugs. In addition to the treatment of extreme (BMI ≥ 40) obesity, surgeons have expanded the offer of bariatric surgery as therapeutic option for diabetic, \"non-morbid\" (BMI ≤ 35) obesity. As a \"collateral effect\" of this surgical intervention, acute and long-term improvement of T2DM has been observed. Although several hypotheses to explain this improvement have been reported, the exact mechanism underlying the reduced hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia immediately after surgery is unclear. Though long-term effects of the different operations have not yet been studied thoroughly. Besides weight-loss, bariatric surgery may also reduce lipid accumulation in the liver. Reverse of the hepatic lipid deposition may improve clearance of glucose and insulin from the liver and consequently lead to reduction their concentrations in the peripheral blood. This mechanism has not, however, been considered when effects of bariatric surgery on glucose metabolism have been reported. In fact, a few reports on limited patients number already published have given information about changes of liver size and/or liver lipid content at different time points postoperation. Future prospective studies should focus on the changes in glucose and lipid metabolism induced in the liver by the various types of surgical interventions.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114254499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000277
Fábryová Ľubomíra
The first line in the treatment of obesity is a combination of a low calorie diet, increased physical activity and behavioural therapy. Unless these options fail, should be considered an effective and safe pharmacotherapy. The market situation in anti-obesity treatment will change in a relatively short time; the combination anti-obesity therapy is entering into clinical practice. Currently in Europe we have three drugs approved for long-term chronic treatment of obesity. In addition to the orlistat EMA approved a combination of naltrexon SR/bupropion SR and liraglutide 3.0 mg. A specific feature management of obese diabetic patients is the selection of weight neutral or weight-reducing anti-diabetic treatment (oral anti-diabetics, insulin), but also weight neutral treatment associated with co-morbidities.
{"title":"Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy of Obese Non-Diabetic and Type 2 Diabetic Patients","authors":"Fábryová Ľubomíra","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000277","url":null,"abstract":"The first line in the treatment of obesity is a combination of a low calorie diet, increased physical activity and behavioural therapy. Unless these options fail, should be considered an effective and safe pharmacotherapy. The market situation in anti-obesity treatment will change in a relatively short time; the combination anti-obesity therapy is entering into clinical practice. Currently in Europe we have three drugs approved for long-term chronic treatment of obesity. In addition to the orlistat EMA approved a combination of naltrexon SR/bupropion SR and liraglutide 3.0 mg. A specific feature management of obese diabetic patients is the selection of weight neutral or weight-reducing anti-diabetic treatment (oral anti-diabetics, insulin), but also weight neutral treatment associated with co-morbidities.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116317499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-20DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000278
L. Benoit, A. Malhotra, J. Sebastian, C. Agborsangaya, M. Bhutani, R. Padwal
Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), present in 30-93% of bariatric patients, is an independent predictor of post-bariatric surgery complications. Universal screening with Polysomnography (PSG), the gold standard test for OSA, would be difficult to access and costly to perform. The purpose of this study was to identify clinically important, statistically significant predictors of moderate-to-severe OSA in a bariatric population that would enable providers to stratify or prioritize patients needing PSG. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in patients referred for clinical suspicion of OSA. All patients underwent PSG. From a list of potential covariates deemed clinically important, multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify statistically significant predictors (p<0.05) of moderate-to-severe OSA. Subjects were recruited from a bariatric specialty program in Edmonton, Alberta, with a central, region-wide, single-point-ofaccess referral system. Results: Of 169 patients undergoing PSG, 161 (95.3%) had complete data. Mean age was 48.7 ± 9.1 years, 45(28%) were men, mean body mass index (BMI) was 49.5 ± 9.7 kg/m2. 96(60%) patients had moderate-to-severe OSA and the mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 27.0 ± 27.3. The strongest predictors of OSA were neck circumference (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.99-1.18) and hypertension (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.93-4.09). However, no variable reached statistical significance. Conclusion: Despite a model adequately powered to identify 16-32 statistically significant predictors, none was found. Given the high prevalence of OSA in patients undergoing bariatric care, the lack of identifiable predictors mandates that objective sleep testing be performed in all patients clinically suspected to have OSA.
梗阻性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)存在于30-93%的肥胖患者中，是减肥手术后并发症的独立预测因子。多导睡眠图(PSG)是OSA的金标准测试，但它很难获得，而且费用昂贵。本研究的目的是确定在肥胖人群中临床上重要的、有统计学意义的中度至重度OSA预测因素，使提供者能够对需要PSG的患者进行分层或优先排序。方法:对临床怀疑为OSA的患者进行横断面研究。所有患者均行PSG检查。从被认为具有临床重要性的潜在协变量列表中，采用多变量二元逻辑回归来确定中重度OSA的有统计学意义的预测因子(p<0.05)。受试者是从艾伯塔省埃德蒙顿的一个肥胖专业项目中招募的，该项目有一个中央的、区域性的、单点就诊的转诊系统。结果:169例患者行PSG, 161例(95.3%)资料完整。平均年龄48.7±9.1岁，男性45例(28%)，平均体重指数(BMI) 49.5±9.7 kg/m2。96例(60%)患者为中重度OSA，平均呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)为27.0±27.3。OSA的最强预测因子是颈围(OR 1.08;(95% CI 0.99-1.18)和高血压(OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.93-4.09)。然而，没有变量达到统计学意义。结论:尽管有一个模型足以识别16-32个具有统计学意义的预测因子，但没有发现。考虑到接受减肥治疗的患者中OSA的高患病率，缺乏可识别的预测因素，要求对所有临床怀疑患有OSA的患者进行客观的睡眠测试。
{"title":"Clinical Characteristics are Not Significant Predictors of Advanced Obstructive Sleep Apnea in the Severely Obese","authors":"L. Benoit, A. Malhotra, J. Sebastian, C. Agborsangaya, M. Bhutani, R. Padwal","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000278","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), present in 30-93% of bariatric patients, is an independent predictor of post-bariatric surgery complications. Universal screening with Polysomnography (PSG), the gold \u0000standard test for OSA, would be difficult to access and costly to perform. The purpose of this study was to identify clinically important, statistically significant predictors of moderate-to-severe OSA in a bariatric population that would enable providers to stratify or prioritize patients needing PSG. \u0000Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in patients referred for clinical suspicion of OSA. All patients underwent PSG. From a list of potential covariates deemed clinically important, multivariable binary logistic regression was used to identify statistically significant predictors (p<0.05) of moderate-to-severe OSA. Subjects were recruited from a bariatric specialty program in Edmonton, Alberta, with a central, region-wide, single-point-ofaccess referral system. \u0000Results: Of 169 patients undergoing PSG, 161 (95.3%) had complete data. Mean age was 48.7 ± 9.1 years, \u000045(28%) were men, mean body mass index (BMI) was 49.5 ± 9.7 kg/m2. 96(60%) patients had moderate-to-severe OSA and the mean Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) was 27.0 ± 27.3. The strongest predictors of OSA were neck circumference (OR 1.08; 95% CI 0.99-1.18) and hypertension (OR 1.95, 95% CI 0.93-4.09). However, no variable reached statistical significance. \u0000Conclusion: Despite a model adequately powered to identify 16-32 statistically significant predictors, none was found. Given the high prevalence of OSA in patients undergoing bariatric care, the lack of identifiable predictors mandates that objective sleep testing be performed in all patients clinically suspected to have OSA.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128111366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-16DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.C1.020
N. Aljohani
Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of established cardiovascular risk factors that collectively increase predisposition to major chronic diseases including heart diseases and diabetes mellitus. Citizens of developing countries such as Saudi Arabia are at risk for MetS secondary to industrialization and accessibility to fast foods. In this epidemiologic study, the kingdom-wide prevalence of MetS is determined.
{"title":"Metabolic syndrome: Risk factors and predictors among adults in Saudi Arabia","authors":"N. Aljohani","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.C1.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.020","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of established cardiovascular risk factors that collectively increase predisposition to major chronic diseases including heart diseases and diabetes mellitus. Citizens of developing countries such as Saudi Arabia are at risk for MetS secondary to industrialization and accessibility to fast foods. In this epidemiologic study, the kingdom-wide prevalence of MetS is determined.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116615617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-16DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.C1.021
Spomenka TomekRoks, ra JuliaLechner Stela Mravak, Marcel Leppe
T present study investigated the effects of M. charantia on haematological changes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty healthy adult Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly assigned into five groups A, B, C, D and E of eight rats each. Group A were the control (normal rats); B were the experimentally-induced diabetic rats; C were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for two weeks (withdrawal group); D were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for four weeks. E was diabetic rats treated glimepiride for four weeks. Blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture were used for haematological studies. Results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in most RBC indices in groups D and E. Reduced WBC and NEUT count in diabetic group was significantly (p<0.05) increased in groups D and E. Lymphocyte count was not significantly affected. Platelet count, PDW and MPV were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in groups D and E following an increase in diabetic group. Thus M. charantia could restore some haematological changes in diabetic animals, and in a manner similar to glimepiride.
{"title":"Gerontologic public health problem of obesity in early old age","authors":"Spomenka TomekRoks, ra JuliaLechner Stela Mravak, Marcel Leppe","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.C1.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.C1.021","url":null,"abstract":"T present study investigated the effects of M. charantia on haematological changes of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. Forty healthy adult Wistar rats of both sexes were randomly assigned into five groups A, B, C, D and E of eight rats each. Group A were the control (normal rats); B were the experimentally-induced diabetic rats; C were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for two weeks (withdrawal group); D were diabetic rats treated with methanolic extracts of M. charantia for four weeks. E was diabetic rats treated glimepiride for four weeks. Blood samples obtained by cardiac puncture were used for haematological studies. Results showed significant (p<0.05) increase in most RBC indices in groups D and E. Reduced WBC and NEUT count in diabetic group was significantly (p<0.05) increased in groups D and E. Lymphocyte count was not significantly affected. Platelet count, PDW and MPV were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in groups D and E following an increase in diabetic group. Thus M. charantia could restore some haematological changes in diabetic animals, and in a manner similar to glimepiride.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114635673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-15DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000276
M. Wasim
Obesity and leanness are the medical conditions in which excess and deficient body fat present respectively. It may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems. Environmental factors, especially increased consumption of high caloric diet, are considered responsible for the obesity epidemic, although genetic factors also contribute dysregulation of food consumption. Leptin gene may have an effect on the obesity and leanness because six pathogenic mutations already reported in leptin gene. Leptin gene mutations have a vital role to cause different types of cancers.
{"title":"Obesity and Leanness Caused by Mutations in the Leptin Gene: Already 6 Pathogenic Mutations Reported in this Gene","authors":"M. Wasim","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000276","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity and leanness are the medical conditions in which excess and deficient body fat present respectively. It may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and increased health problems. Environmental factors, especially increased consumption of high caloric diet, are considered responsible for the obesity epidemic, although genetic factors also contribute dysregulation of food consumption. Leptin gene may have an effect on the obesity and leanness because six pathogenic mutations already reported in leptin gene. Leptin gene mutations have a vital role to cause different types of cancers.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132467257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-10-10DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.1000274
Miller Gd, E. Hale, G. Dunlap
Leading a physically active lifestyle is critical for optimal health. Observation and intervention studies show that behavioral weight loss in overweight and class 1 obesity (body mass index=30-34.9 kg/m2) interventions are more successful in the long-term by adhering to a physical activity regimen, including at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise. Although substantial research has been conducted in behavioral based weight loss programs, there are very limited studies that have investigated the effect that physical activity has on weight and body composition outcomes in bariatric surgery patients. In that bariatric weight loss surgery is accepted as the most effective short and long-term weight loss intervention for morbid obesity, research in this area needs to be a priority. This review summarizes the current evidence in this realm by examining both pre- and post-surgical studies that have been conducted in this field. Observational studies in individuals eligible for bariatric weight loss surgery indicate the majority of patients have zero minutes of vigorous activity and less than one-half of the recommended moderate activity minutes. In the pre-surgical patient, there have just been a few feasibility studies to investigate the incorporation of physical activity into the behavioral intervention to support weight loss and lifestyle change. These studies were generally confined to a walking program for the surgery patients. Importantly, these did not examine post-operative outcomes. Although weight loss following bariatric surgery is superior to behavioral interventions in severely obese individuals, there is still significant variability in the amount of weight loss achieved. Physical activity is one possible factor that has been examined that may contribute to the variability. Post-surgical observation studies consistently show a positive association between physical activity and improved weight loss, with physical activity and sedentary behaviors being the highest predictors for post-surgery weight loss. In spite of this evidence there are currently no large-scale, long-term randomized trials that have investigated a structured, well-controlled, physical activity intervention in post-surgical patients. The intervention studies to date have been small in number, nonrandomized in design, and were for a short duration. Future directions in this area are many, with questions on the type of exercise prescription that is going to be the most successful for long-term weight loss success and health improvements being on the forefront.
{"title":"Current Evidence for Physical Activity in the Bariatric Surgery Patient for Weight Loss Success","authors":"Miller Gd, E. Hale, G. Dunlap","doi":"10.4172/2165-7904.1000274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2165-7904.1000274","url":null,"abstract":"Leading a physically active lifestyle is critical for optimal health. Observation and intervention studies show that behavioral weight loss in overweight and class 1 obesity (body mass index=30-34.9 kg/m2) interventions are more successful in the long-term by adhering to a physical activity regimen, including at least 150 minutes per week of moderate intensity exercise. Although substantial research has been conducted in behavioral based weight loss programs, there are very limited studies that have investigated the effect that physical activity has on weight and body composition outcomes in bariatric surgery patients. In that bariatric weight loss surgery is accepted as the most effective short and long-term weight loss intervention for morbid obesity, research in this area needs to be a priority. This review summarizes the current evidence in this realm by examining both pre- and post-surgical studies that have been conducted in this field. Observational studies in individuals eligible for bariatric weight loss surgery indicate the majority of patients have zero minutes of vigorous activity and less than one-half of the recommended moderate activity minutes. In the pre-surgical patient, there have just been a few feasibility studies to investigate the incorporation of physical activity into the behavioral intervention to support weight loss and lifestyle change. These studies were generally confined to a walking program for the surgery patients. Importantly, these did not examine post-operative outcomes. Although weight loss following bariatric surgery is superior to behavioral interventions in severely obese individuals, there is still significant variability in the amount of weight loss achieved. Physical activity is one possible factor that has been examined that may contribute to the variability. Post-surgical observation studies consistently show a positive association between physical activity and improved weight loss, with physical activity and sedentary behaviors being the highest predictors for post-surgery weight loss. In spite of this evidence there are currently no large-scale, long-term randomized trials that have investigated a structured, well-controlled, physical activity intervention in post-surgical patients. The intervention studies to date have been small in number, nonrandomized in design, and were for a short duration. Future directions in this area are many, with questions on the type of exercise prescription that is going to be the most successful for long-term weight loss success and health improvements being on the forefront.","PeriodicalId":243288,"journal":{"name":"Journal of obesity and weight loss therapy","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122299367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-09-22DOI: 10.4172/2165-7904.S1.016
M. Sackner
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