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The rationale for optimization of higher education institutions’ allocation of available resources 高等院校资源配置优化的基本原理
L. Oleynikova, V. Helman, I. Halushchak, Y. Chuchuk
The funding models of higher education institutions’ activities were investigated. The regulatory practice in determining the resources levels used as a method of budget allocation was studied. The trends of changes in the budget expenditure on education were researched. Based on the time trend lines, the single-factor forecast models for the consolidated Ukrainian budget expenditure on education were built by using the Excel program. The methods of calculating the cost of tuition per student and budgetary programs formation based on essentially new funding mechanisms and given the new conditions in the labour market were defined. The problematic issues of funding higher education institutions in modern conditions were revealed. The main priorities of education and science funding reform were outlined; the need to implement the allocation of budgetary funds for higher education institutions was defined, with the core funding to be formed on the basis of calculating the average cost of one specialist training, and part of the formula to be used to encourage education institutions to achieve results. The methodological approaches to determining the cost of education services were offered given the international accounting standards and experience of post-socialist EU countries, a client-oriented model for determining tuition fees and the developments, including standard regulations for attractive credit resources which can be used by the private sector for training. In order to stimulate private investment in EU science, it is suggested using tax incentives for higher education institutions. Keywords—Budgetary funds, funding, education, scientific developments, budget, planning, trend, forecast model, costs. I. PROBLEM STATEMENT Inefficient use of budgetary funds and special funding, reluctance to transform management approaches in funding higher education institutions(HEIs) and this area commercialization, alack of willingness to offer educational products of high-quality and interest for business as well as relevant applied scientific developments, increased competition from foreign HEIs (especially those of Poland and the Czech Republic) are the most crucial factors affecting HEIs’ financial and physical conditions. The resolution of the above issues requires time and appropriate institutional and managerial support.
对高校活动的资助模式进行了研究。研究了确定用作预算分配方法的资源水平的管制做法。研究了教育预算支出的变化趋势。基于时间趋势线,利用Excel程序建立了乌克兰综合教育预算支出的单因素预测模型。确定了计算每个学生的学费成本的方法和基于基本上新的筹资机制并考虑到劳动力市场的新条件的预算方案的形成。揭示了现代条件下高等教育机构的资金问题。概述了教育和科学经费改革的主要重点;明确了实施高等教育预算经费分配的必要性,核心经费根据一次专业培训的平均费用计算形成,部分经费用于鼓励教育机构取得成果。鉴于国际会计标准和后社会主义欧盟国家的经验、确定学费的面向客户模式和发展情况,包括私营部门可用于培训的有吸引力的信贷资源的标准条例,提出了确定教育服务费用的方法方法。为了刺激对欧盟科学的私人投资,建议对高等教育机构采取税收激励措施。关键词:预算资金,经费,教育,科学发展,预算,规划,趋势,预测模型,成本一、问题说明预算资金和专项资金使用效率低下,在资助高等学校和该领域商业化方面不愿转变管理方式,不愿提供企业感兴趣的高质量教育产品,也不愿提供相关的应用科学发展。来自外国高等教育机构(特别是波兰和捷克共和国的高等教育机构)的竞争加剧是影响高等教育机构财务和物质条件的最关键因素。解决上述问题需要时间和适当的体制和管理支持。
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引用次数: 0
Innovative Model of SME Development 创新中小企业发展模式
U. Berezhnytska
Report provides an insight into the characteristics and advantages of small and medium entrepreneurship (SME) as an innovative and progressive sector of development of social oriented market economy. The article analyzes the SME activity in Ukraine and reveals the position of our country compared to other EU countries (Poland for instance) in terms of level of SME development and business conditions for it. The results of the article represented in the innovative model of SME development, which includes the special characteristics of SMEs and factors of influence on it as well as the performance positive effect of SMEs functioning (namely economic and social impacts). The paper suggests recommendations of taking into account the innovative model and distinctive features of SMEs in order to intensify the SME development, firstly in Ukraine. Keywords—small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), distinctive features, SME development, innovative model
报告深入分析了中小企业作为社会导向型市场经济发展的创新和进步部门的特点和优势。本文通过对乌克兰中小企业活动的分析,揭示了我国与其他欧盟国家(如波兰)相比在中小企业发展水平和经营条件方面的地位。本文的研究成果体现在中小企业发展的创新模式中,该模式既包括中小企业的特殊性及其影响因素,也包括中小企业运行的绩效积极效应(即经济和社会影响)。本文首先从乌克兰入手,提出了考虑中小企业的创新模式和特色,加强中小企业发展的建议。关键词:中小企业特色中小企业发展创新模式
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引用次数: 4
Analysis of the Dependence of the Performance of the Ensemble on the Accuracy of its Individual Models 集成性能对其单个模型精度的依赖分析
I. Khvostina, A. Matviychuk, S. Savina, O. Yatsiuk
The article devoted to studying the problem of finding methods to increase modeling efficiency by combining the results of calculations of several models. Conditions of expediency of creation of ensemble of models for the solution of the problem of binary classification are investigated. The theoretical basis for the dependence of the ensemble efficiency on the accuracy of the models that form it is studied. Suggestions are given for creating an ensemble of models and increasing its effectiveness. Keywords—ensemble (committee) of models, probability of a correct classification, surface of probabilities
本文致力于研究如何结合多个模型的计算结果,寻找提高建模效率的方法。研究了求解二元分类问题时建立模型集合的便利条件。研究了系统集成效率依赖于系统集成模型精度的理论基础。给出了创建模型集合并提高其有效性的建议。关键词:模型集成(委员会),正确分类的概率,概率曲面
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引用次数: 4
The phenomenon of creative economy in Ukraine and defining its place in the architectural space 乌克兰的创意经济现象及其在建筑空间中的定位
K. Holubchak, Y. Chuchuk, T. Savchuk, Inna Negrych
The article shows the strong and weak sides of the current situation in the area of creative economy in Ukraine as well as develops the list of proposals for supporting and activating its potential. The innovative approach and research significance is presented at the intersection of economy and architecture in as much as the study also sheds light on the typology and architectural functional issues of innovative creative spaces and structures, which are the centers of creative economy flourishing. The authors’ research material includes analysis of existing creative spaces of Ukrainian cities as well as gives architectural proposals of future creative hub designed by author’s supervision. Keywords—creative economy, creativity, creative spaces, hubs, architectural organization, design concept.
本文展示了乌克兰创意经济领域现状的优缺点,并提出了支持和激活其潜力的建议清单。创新的方法和研究意义是在经济和建筑的交叉点,因为研究也揭示了创新的创意空间和结构的类型和建筑功能问题,这是创意经济蓬勃发展的中心。作者的研究材料包括对乌克兰城市现有创意空间的分析,以及在作者的监督下设计的未来创意中心的建筑建议。关键词:创意经济,创意,创意空间,枢纽,建筑组织,设计理念。
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引用次数: 3
Multiplicative Dynamic Model of Technological Progress Factor Impact on Economy Sectors Innovation Development 技术进步因素对经济部门创新发展影响的乘法动态模型
O. Prokopenko, Nataliia Biloshkurska, M. Biloshkurskyi, V. Omelyanenko, O. Garmatiuk
The research addresses the issues of development the active mechanisms to manage the national economy sectors innovation development taking into account their pace of technological progress and resource potential proportionality. The study is based on the idea about relative importance of different sectors of the economy in innovation terms in the process of overall economic development. The main issues and cases of different economic models of emergence and diffusion of innovations and analytical support of innovation and technological changes management through the development of integrated development strategies were considered. As key component of improved multiplicative dynamic model of J. Tinbergen production function the parameter of technological progress, which reflects the level of innovation development of the national economy, was considered. Based on research results Tinbergen's production function equation for the Ukrainian industry was obtained. The equation obtained is reliable and statistically significant, as it is described by high statistical estimates.
该研究涉及发展问题,管理国民经济部门创新发展的积极机制,同时考虑到它们的技术进步速度和资源潜力比例。该研究基于在整体经济发展过程中,不同经济部门在创新方面的相对重要性。会议审议了创新产生和扩散的不同经济模式的主要问题和案例,以及通过制定综合发展战略对创新和技术变革进行管理的分析性支助。技术进步参数作为改进的J. Tinbergen生产函数乘法动态模型的关键组成部分,反映了国民经济的创新发展水平。在此基础上,得到了乌克兰工业的Tinbergen生产函数方程。得到的方程是可靠的和统计显著的,因为它是由高统计估计描述的。
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引用次数: 0
Estimation of losses from the use of volume units to account for natural gas for households in Ukraine 估计乌克兰家庭使用体积单位计算天然气的损失
Yevhen Revtiuk, Maksym Bielawski
The natural gas market is characterized by a significant level of deadweight losses, which are due to the inability to apply perfect competition mechanisms during pricing. However, there are other loses to economic agents that are due to the technology used in the natural gas market. We have highlighted one of such types of losses that is characteristic of natural gas markets that use volume units to account for natural gas transmitted or consumed. Consideration of natural gas as an energy commodity, which is measured in units of energy, and the fact that the volume units of natural gas obtained from different sources have different energy values due to different physical and chemical properties, make the natural gas market, which uses the volume units, unfair. We proposed to calculate the losses of economic agents, which occurred due to the use of volume units to account for natural gas, as losses resulting from the deviation of the actual and average cost of a unit of natural gas energy in Ukraine. In case of households in Ukraine we estimated the total losses of economic agents, which occurred due to the use of volume units to account for natural gas. Keywords—natural gas market, deadweight losses in natural gas market, accounting for natural gas consumed and transmitted, energy reform in Ukraine.
天然气市场的特点是严重的无谓损失,这是由于在定价过程中无法应用完全竞争机制。然而,由于天然气市场中使用的技术,经济主体还会遭受其他损失。我们已经强调了其中一种类型的损失,这是天然气市场的特征,使用体积单位来计算输送或消耗的天然气。考虑到天然气作为一种以能量为单位进行计量的能源商品,而不同来源天然气的体积单位由于其物理和化学性质的不同,其能量值也不同,使得使用体积单位的天然气市场不公平。我们建议计算经济主体的损失,这些损失是由于使用体积单位来计算天然气而发生的,作为乌克兰天然气能源单位的实际和平均成本偏差造成的损失。在乌克兰家庭的情况下,我们估计了经济代理人的总损失,这是由于使用体积单位来计算天然气而发生的。关键词:天然气市场,天然气市场载重损失,天然气消费和输送核算,乌克兰能源改革
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引用次数: 0
Problems and Solutions of Transport Logistics 运输物流的问题与对策
L. Boldyrieva, H. Zelinska, V. Krapkina, A. Komelina
Different approaches to the definition “transport logistics” have been generalized. It has been justified that transport is one of the main costs in the logistics system. The categorical apparatus of transport logistics has been presented, namely, the essence of such categories has been revealed: general function, purpose, task (creation of transport systems; joint planning of transport processes on different types of transport; ensuring technological unity of transport-warehouse process; coordination of transport and production processes; choice of vehicle type; choice of vehicle type; ensuring technological unity of the transport process; determining a rational delivery route; eliminating the purpose conflict, reducing transportation costs; and goals of increasing warehouse costs). The functions of transport logistics have beensuggested, in particular: system-forming, integrating, regulating, resultant, reproducing. The factors that led to the allocation of transportation into a separate functional area of logistics have been characterized. These factors include a large proportion of transportation costs in total logistics costs; impossibility of organization and existence of material flow without transportation. Transport-logistic systems have been classified by types: delivery, service, transport. It has been determined that transport logistics has been linked with other logistics systems by such elements as warehouses and inventory. Nine groups of global problems of transport logistics in Ukraine have been identified, including: financial, technical, technological, information, economic, international, customs, environmental, labor. The main directions of overcoming financial, technical, technological, information, economic, international, customs, environmental and labor problems have been formulated. It has been proposed to determine the capacity of the transport services market of a certain region as the sum of volumes transport services provided in a certain region by local transport enterprises; provided by transport companies in other regions; provided by own vehicles of nontransport enterprises, population, etc.; transport services, that are not provided by carriers due to lack of transport capacity. Keywords—transport, transport logistics, management, material flows, cargo.
人们对“运输物流”的定义有不同的理解。运输是物流系统的主要成本之一,这是有道理的。提出了运输物流的分类工具,即揭示了运输物流分类的本质:运输系统的一般功能、目的、任务(创建);联合规划不同运输方式的运输过程;保证运库流程的技术统一性;协调运输和生产过程;车型选择;车型选择;确保运输过程的技术统一性;确定合理的配送路线;消除目的冲突,降低运输成本;以及增加仓库成本的目标)。提出了运输物流的系统形成功能、整合功能、调节功能、聚合功能、再生产功能。导致运输分配到一个单独的物流功能区的因素已经被表征。这些因素包括运输成本在总物流成本中所占的比例很大;没有运输就不可能有物质流动的组织和存在。运输-物流系统按类型分类:交付、服务、运输。已经确定,运输物流通过仓库和库存等要素与其他物流系统联系在一起。确定了乌克兰运输物流的九组全球性问题,包括:金融、技术、技术、信息、经济、国际、海关、环境、劳工。制定了克服金融、技术、技术、信息、经济、国际、海关、环境和劳工问题的主要方向。提出将某一地区运输服务市场容量确定为当地运输企业在该地区提供的运输服务量总和;其他地区运输公司提供;非运输企业、人口等自备车辆提供;因运输能力不足而不能由承运人提供的运输服务。关键词:运输,运输物流,管理,物流,货物。
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引用次数: 1
Developing Risk Management Framework at Fat-and-Oil Industry Enterprises 发展脂肪和石油工业企业的风险管理框架
I. Posokhov, Yulia Vladimirovna Zhadan, M. Korin, H. Obruch
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引用次数: 0
Methodology of assessment of the level of social responsibility of oil and gas enterprises in Ukraine 乌克兰石油和天然气企业社会责任水平评估方法
R. Matskiv, T. Topolnytska, O. Romanko, Irina Savchyn
The article focuses on the need to develop a common methodology for assessing the level of social responsibility of enterprises. The purpose of this study is to determine the level of social responsibility of oil and gas enterprises, which is based on the calculation of partial and integral indicators, taking into account the importance of certain features of socially responsible activity of the economic entity. The assessment of the level of social responsibility of oil and gas enterprises is based on the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indices of social investments. The methodology for calculating partial and integral quality indices of social investment has been improved by introducing weighting coefficients that are determined by experts and establish the importance of the main areas of socially responsible activity.
本文的重点是需要开发一种通用的方法来评估企业的社会责任水平。本研究的目的是确定油气企业的社会责任水平,这是基于部分和积分指标的计算,同时考虑到经济实体社会责任活动的某些特征的重要性。对油气企业社会责任水平的评价是建立在社会投资定量和定性指标分析的基础上的。计算社会投资的部分和整体质量指数的方法已得到改进,办法是采用由专家确定的加权系数,确定对社会负责的活动的主要领域的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of the Energy Potential of the National Economy in the Context of Geopolitical Challenges 地缘政治挑战背景下国民经济能源潜力的开发
L. Horal, N. Pysar, V. Oliinyk, G. Bodnar
The article concentrates on the study of ways to address the issues of development and utilization of the energy potential of the national economy in the context of geopolitical challenges for Ukraine. It presents a theoretical view of the scientific category “energy potential” of the national economy, systematizes the goals, principles and factors of the economic assessment of the natural resource energy potential, analyzes its dynamics, structure and breakdown by Ukrainian regions, studies factors influencing the efficiency of the resource potential of the national economy, as well as proposes directions to increase the level of Ukraine's energy security. Keywords—fuel and energy resources, liberalization, energy security, potential, innovation, globalization, energy market, decarbonization, environmentalism
本文集中研究如何在乌克兰地缘政治挑战的背景下解决国民经济能源潜力的开发和利用问题。提出了国民经济“能源潜力”科学范畴的理论观点,梳理了自然资源能源潜力经济评价的目标、原则和因素,分析了乌克兰各地区能源潜力的动态、结构和分解情况,研究了影响国民经济资源潜力效率的因素,并提出了提高乌克兰能源安全水平的方向。关键词:燃料和能源;自由化;能源安全;潜力
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the 2019 7th International Conference on Modeling, Development and Strategic Management of Economic System (MDSMES 2019)
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