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2001 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SiPS 2001. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.01TH8578)最新文献

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A real-time HDTV video decoder 实时高清电视视频解码器
N. Ling, N. Wang
We present an architecture for real-time digital HDTV video decoding. Our technique is based on a dual decoding datapath controlled in a fixed schedule with an efficient write-back scheme for anchor pictures. Unlike other decoding approaches such as the slice bar decoding method and the crossing-divided method, our scheme reduces the memory access contention problem to achieve real-time HDTV decoding without a high cost in overall decoder buffers, architecture, and bus. Our simulation shows that with a relatively low rate 81 MHz clock, our decoder can decode MPEG-2 MP@HL HDTV in real-time, based on an ATSC video format of 1920/spl times/1080 pixels/frame at 30 frames/s, at a bit rate of 18 to 20 Mbit/s.
提出了一种实时数字高清电视视频解码体系结构。我们的技术是基于双解码的数据路径控制在一个固定的时间表和一个有效的回写方案锚图。与其他解码方法(如切片条解码方法和交叉分割方法)不同,我们的方案减少了内存访问争用问题,实现了实时高清电视解码,而在整体解码器缓冲区、架构和总线方面的成本并不高。我们的仿真表明,在相对较低的速率81 MHz时钟下,我们的解码器可以实时解码MPEG-2 MP@HL HDTV,基于ATSC视频格式1920/spl次/1080像素/帧,30帧/秒,比特率为18至20 Mbit/s。
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引用次数: 2
Parallel execution of the saturated reductions 饱和还原的并行执行
B. Dinechin, Christophe Monat, F. Rastello
This paper addresses the problem of improving the execution performance of saturated reduction loops on fixed-point instruction-level parallel digital signal processors (DSPs). We first introduce "bit-exact" transformations, that are suitable for use in the ETSI and the ITU speech coding applications. We then present "approximate" transformations, the relative precision of which we are able to compare. Our main results rely on the properties of the saturated arithmetic.
本文研究了在定点指令级并行数字信号处理器(dsp)上提高饱和约简环路执行性能的问题。我们首先介绍适用于ETSI和ITU语音编码应用的“位精确”转换。然后我们提出“近似”变换,我们可以比较其相对精度。我们的主要结果依赖于饱和算法的性质。
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引用次数: 8
Multimedia QoS in consumer terminals 消费者终端的多媒体QoS
R. J. Bril, C. Hentschel, Elisabeth F. M. Steffens, M. Gabrani, G. V. Loo, J. Gelissen
Over the past years, there has been a considerable amount of research in the field of QoS support for (distributed) multimedia systems, ie, multimedia processing in, for example, a (networked) workstation environment. QoS for multimedia systems is about media processing in software, using dynamically scalable functions, and trading resources for quality. Unlike QoS for mainstream multimedia systems, QoS support for high volume electronics (HVE) consumer terminals (CT), such as digital TV sets, digitally improved analog TV sets and STB (set-top boxes), has received little attention in the literature. This paper considers multimedia QoS for consumer terminals, with focus on the high-quality video domain.
在过去的几年中,对(分布式)多媒体系统(例如,(网络化)工作站环境中的多媒体处理)的QoS支持领域进行了大量的研究。多媒体系统的QoS是关于软件中的媒体处理,使用动态可扩展的功能,并为质量交换资源。与主流多媒体系统的QoS不同,对高容量电子产品(HVE)消费者终端(CT)(如数字电视机、数字改进模拟电视机和机顶盒)的QoS支持在文献中很少受到关注。本文研究了面向消费者终端的多媒体QoS,重点研究了高质量视频领域。
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引用次数: 49
Why we need all these MIPS in future wireless communication systems-and how to design algorithms and architecture for these systems 为什么我们在未来的无线通信系统中需要所有这些MIPS,以及如何为这些系统设计算法和架构
H. Meyr
Summary form only given. Advanced communication systems obey a generalized Moore's law. Not only does hardware complexity double every 18 months, but also the other performance indicators such as program size or memory content-increase by a factor of two in a period of one and a half and three years, to mention two examples. The drawing force behind this growth is the algorithmic complexity which is needed to design communication systems operating close to the information theoretic limits: near optimum system performance is bound to exponentially increasing algorithmic complexity. Stated differently, the usefulness for the user only grows logarithmically with complexity. Basically, this logarithmic complexity provides the rational for the continued growth of the semiconductor industry. Advanced communication systems will be implemented as reconfigurable, heterogeneous multiprocessor platforms. This hypothesis is based on the fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency (MOPS/mW) and flexibility. While programmable devices (processors or DSPs) have the highest degree of flexibility, they have at least a two to three orders of magnitude smaller computational efficiency than the intrinsic computational efficiency (ICE) of fixed architectures. Hence, since power is the limiting factor, the SOCs of the future will carefully match algorithm with architecture to achieve an optimum. ("just as much flexibility as needed"). These SOC's will, therefore, become application specific platforms.
只提供摘要形式。先进的通信系统遵循广义的摩尔定律。不仅硬件复杂性每18个月翻一番,而且其他性能指标(如程序大小或内存内容)也会在一年半和三年的时间内增加两倍,举两个例子。这种增长背后的推动力是设计接近信息理论极限的通信系统所需的算法复杂性:接近最佳系统性能必然会以指数方式增加算法复杂性。换句话说,对用户的有用性只会随着复杂性呈对数增长。基本上,这种对数复杂性为半导体行业的持续增长提供了理性。先进的通信系统将作为可重构的异构多处理器平台来实现。这个假设是基于计算效率(MOPS/mW)和灵活性之间的基本权衡。虽然可编程器件(处理器或dsp)具有最高程度的灵活性,但它们的计算效率至少比固定架构的固有计算效率(ICE)低两到三个数量级。因此,由于功率是限制因素,未来的soc将仔细匹配算法和架构以达到最佳效果。(“需要多少灵活性就有多少”)。因此,这些SOC将成为特定于应用的平台。
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引用次数: 2
Analysis of complex LNS FFTs 复杂 LNS FFT 分析
M. Arnold, T. Bailey, J. Cowles, C. Walter
The complex-logarithmic number system (CLNS), which represents each complex point in log/polar coordinates, may be practical to implement the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The roots of unity needed by the FFT have exact representations in CLNS and do not require a ROM. We present an error analysis and simulation results for a radix-two FFT that compares a rectangular fixed-point representation of complex numbers to the CLNS. We observe that the CLNS saves 9-12 bits in word-size for 256-1024 point FFTs compared to the fixed-point number system while producing comparable accuracy.
复对数系统(CLNS)以对数/极坐标表示每个复点,可用于实现快速傅立叶变换(FFT)。FFT 所需的合一根在 CLNS 中有精确的表示,不需要 ROM。我们介绍了弧度为 2 的 FFT 的误差分析和仿真结果,并将复数的矩形定点表示与 CLNS 进行了比较。我们发现,在 256-1024 点 FFT 中,CLNS 比定点数系统节省了 9-12 比特的字长,同时精度相当。
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引用次数: 6
On the search for compatible numbers in the design of maximally decimated perfect reconstruction non-uniform filter bank 最大抽取完美重构非均匀滤波器组设计中相容数的寻找
M. J. Absar, Sapna George
The theory and design of critically sampled perfect reconstruction (PR) uniform filter bank (FB) is well established. However, the principles of non-uniform PR FB are still an active research topic. A number of necessary (compatibility) conditions have been identified, which any set of integer decimation factors must satisfy for existence of a realizable maximally-decimated perfect-reconstruction non-uniform filter bank. The search for a compatible-set, in the neighborhood of a desired set of decimation factors, can be computationally prohibitive, as it is exponential to the number of filters in the bank. We propose a branch-and-bound algorithm to efficiently search for compatible-sets. We present experimental results for a compatible set of a 26-filter bank, matching the critical bands of the human auditory system very closely.
临界采样完全重构均匀滤波器组(FB)的理论和设计已经建立。然而,非均匀PR - FB原理仍然是一个活跃的研究课题。给出了可实现的最大抽取完全重构非均匀滤波器组的若干必要(兼容)条件,这些条件是任何整数抽取因子集合必须满足的。在期望的抽取因子集的邻域中搜索兼容集可能在计算上令人望而却步,因为它是滤波器组中滤波器数量的指数。提出了一种分支定界算法来有效地搜索兼容集。我们提出了一组兼容的26个滤波器组的实验结果,非常接近地匹配人类听觉系统的关键波段。
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引用次数: 2
Reliable low-power multimedia communication systems 可靠的低功耗多媒体通信系统
Naresh R Shanbhag
Summary form only given. Next generation multimedia communications are characterized by increasing functionality, higher mobility and ubiquity of access. Advances in semiconductor technology has enabled the implementation of complex multimedia microsystems. However, this has also raised numerous challenges at the highest (system) and lowest (physical) levels of the design hierarchy for producing reliable and energy-efficient multimedia communication systems. Multimedia communication systems offer unique opportunities to address these problems due to the inherent redundancy in naturally occurring signals, the relaxed latency requirements, and the statistical nature of metrics, such as SNR, used commonly to quantify the functionality of such systems. Most importantly, in multimedia communication systems, algorithmic, architectural and circuit design issues are closely intertwined and better understood than in the case of general purpose computing. This raises the possibility of systematically optimizing energy and performance across the three domains. Two distinct design philosophies for implementing reliable and energy-efficient multimedia communication systems can be considered. The first approach, termed as noise-tolerance, is motivated from the communication and information-theoretic principle that energy-efficiency in the presence of noise is better achieved through error-control as opposed to noise control. The second approach relies on exploiting environmental dynamism, i.e., the inherent variability of environmental factors influencing the statistics of the multimedia signals being processed.
只提供摘要形式。下一代多媒体通信的特点是功能增强,移动性更高,接入无处不在。半导体技术的进步使复杂的多媒体微系统得以实现。然而,这也在设计层次的最高(系统)和最低(物理)级别提出了许多挑战,以生产可靠和节能的多媒体通信系统。多媒体通信系统为解决这些问题提供了独特的机会,这是由于自然发生的信号中固有的冗余、宽松的延迟要求以及通常用于量化此类系统功能的指标(如信噪比)的统计性质。最重要的是,在多媒体通信系统中,算法、架构和电路设计问题紧密地交织在一起,比在通用计算的情况下更容易理解。这提高了系统地优化三个领域的能源和性能的可能性。可以考虑两种不同的设计理念来实现可靠和节能的多媒体通信系统。第一种方法被称为噪声容忍,其动机来自通信和信息论原则,即在存在噪声的情况下,通过误差控制而不是噪声控制来更好地实现能源效率。第二种方法依赖于利用环境动态性,即影响被处理的多媒体信号统计的环境因素的固有可变性。
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引用次数: 0
Efficient algorithm and architecture designs for MPEG-4 shape adaptive video object coding MPEG-4形状自适应视频对象编码的高效算法和体系结构设计
Y. Hwang, Shi-Shen Wang, Yun-Chiang Wang
An efficient algorithm and its VLSI architecture design for real-time shape adaptive zerotree coding (SA-ZTC) are presented. The proposed algorithm takes the DWT coefficients of the image as input and encodes the quantized coefficients efficiently to achieve the data compression. Most other wavelet coefficient-coding algorithms cannot provide real-time computation because they use multi-pass algorithms to decide the zerotrees formed by the wavelet coefficients. In contrast, the proposed SA-ZTC adopts a one pass algorithm and thus greatly reduces the computation time for real-time processing. Besides, the proposed architecture can be equally applied to both whole image coding without shape mask (eg, JPEG 2000) and object-based image coding with shape mask (eg, MPEG-4). Experimental results indicate the proposed algorithm can achieve better coding efficiency than the widely adopted EZW and the performance is close to the multi-pass SPHIT algorithm. The derived architecture design is shown to be hardware cost-effective and capable of delivering real-time processing.
提出了一种用于实时形状自适应零树编码(SA-ZTC)的高效算法及其VLSI结构设计。该算法以图像的DWT系数为输入,对量化后的系数进行有效编码,实现数据压缩。其他的小波系数编码算法大多采用多通道算法来确定小波系数形成的零树,无法提供实时计算。相比之下,本文提出的SA-ZTC采用一遍算法,大大减少了实时处理的计算时间。此外,该架构同样适用于不带形状掩码的全图像编码(如JPEG 2000)和带形状掩码的基于对象的图像编码(如MPEG-4)。实验结果表明,该算法比目前广泛采用的EZW算法具有更高的编码效率,性能接近多通道SPHIT算法。所衍生的体系结构设计被证明具有硬件成本效益,并且能够提供实时处理。
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引用次数: 1
A very low-cost multi-mode Reed-Solomon decoder based on Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler algorithm 基于Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler算法的低成本多模Reed-Solomon解码器
Sheng-Feng Wang, Huai-Yi Hsu, A. Wu
Reed-Solomon (RS) codes play an important role in providing error protection and data integrity. Among various RS decoding algorithms, the Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler (PGZ) in general has the least computational complexity for small t values. However, unlike the iterative approaches (e.g., Berlekamp-Massey algorithm), it will encounter divide-by-zero problems in solving multiple t values. We propose a multi-mode hardware architecture for error number ranging from zero to three. We first propose a cost-down technique to reduce the hardware complexity of a t=3 decoder. Then, we perform an algorithmic-level derivation to identify the configurable feature of our design. With the manipulations, we are able to perform multi-mode RS decoding in one unified VLSI architecture with a very simple control scheme. The very low cost and simple datapath make our design a good choice in small-footprint embedded VLSI systems such as error control coding (ECC) in memory systems.
RS码在提供错误保护和数据完整性方面起着重要作用。在各种RS解码算法中,对于小t值,PGZ (Peterson-Gorenstein-Zierler)算法通常具有最小的计算复杂度。然而,与迭代方法(如Berlekamp-Massey算法)不同,它在求解多个t值时会遇到除零问题。我们提出了一个多模式的硬件架构,错误数范围从0到3。我们首先提出了一种降低成本的技术来降低t=3解码器的硬件复杂性。然后,我们执行算法级推导来确定我们设计的可配置特征。通过这些操作,我们能够在一个统一的VLSI架构中以非常简单的控制方案进行多模RS解码。低成本和简单的数据路径使我们的设计成为内存系统中错误控制编码(ECC)等小内存占用的嵌入式VLSI系统的良好选择。
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引用次数: 13
Digital signal processing challenges in MIMO wireless communications MIMO无线通信中的数字信号处理挑战
H. Boelcskei
Summary form only given. The requirements on data rate and quality of service of future wireless communications systems call for new digital signal processing techniques to increase spectrum efficiency and improve link reliability. Deploying multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver of a wireless link (MIMO technology) has the potential to achieve these ambitious goals. MIMO techniques are starting to find their way into standards, such as UMTS and IEEE 802.16. This article gives an overview of MIMO wireless covering issues such as propagation models, broadband transceivers, signaling techniques and coding and modulation. Special emphasis is put on the digital signal processing aspects.
只提供摘要形式。未来无线通信系统对数据速率和服务质量的要求要求采用新的数字信号处理技术来提高频谱效率和链路可靠性。在无线链路的发射器和接收器(MIMO技术)上部署多个天线有可能实现这些雄心勃勃的目标。MIMO技术正开始进入UMTS和IEEE 802.16等标准。本文概述了MIMO无线技术,包括传播模型、宽带收发器、信令技术以及编码和调制等问题。特别强调的是数字信号处理方面。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2001 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems. SiPS 2001. Design and Implementation (Cat. No.01TH8578)
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