Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109232
Zihao Wang , Xiaobao Zhou , Zuchuan Zhang , Lin Liu , Cong Li , Boxin Wei , Tangqing Wu
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) critically compromises the integrity of metal structures. This study investigates the effect of copper on the MIC behavior of CoNiV–Cux medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) in Desulfovibrio vulgaris environments. In sterile medium, increasing Cu reduced the combined film and charge transfer resistance, whereas in inoculated medium, the trend reversed. After 360 h, CoNiV–Cu10 MEA formed a protective oxide layer (δeff = 0.912 nm), three times thicker than CoNiV MEA. The corrosion current and passivation current were significantly lower in Cu-rich alloys under MIC. The apparently adverse effect of Cu in sterile conditions was associated with modifications in passive film defect chemistry and charge-transfer processes, whereas under MIC conditions, Cu addition enhanced passive film stability, suppressed microbial adhesion, and improved MIC resistance. These findings provide insight for designing Cu-alloyed MEAs with superior performance in MIC environments.
{"title":"Cu-enhanced microbiological corrosion resistance of CoNiV medium-entropy alloy","authors":"Zihao Wang , Xiaobao Zhou , Zuchuan Zhang , Lin Liu , Cong Li , Boxin Wei , Tangqing Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) critically compromises the integrity of metal structures. This study investigates the effect of copper on the MIC behavior of CoNiV–Cu<sub><em>x</em></sub> medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) in <em>Desulfovibrio vulgaris</em> environments. In sterile medium, increasing Cu reduced the combined film and charge transfer resistance, whereas in inoculated medium, the trend reversed. After 360 h, CoNiV–Cu<sub>10</sub> MEA formed a protective oxide layer (<em>δ</em><sub>eff</sub> = 0.912 nm), three times thicker than CoNiV MEA. The corrosion current and passivation current were significantly lower in Cu-rich alloys under MIC. The apparently adverse effect of Cu in sterile conditions was associated with modifications in passive film defect chemistry and charge-transfer processes, whereas under MIC conditions, Cu addition enhanced passive film stability, suppressed microbial adhesion, and improved MIC resistance. These findings provide insight for designing Cu-alloyed MEAs with superior performance in MIC environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109232"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146058377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-02-07DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109246
Hua Ma , Xia Gu , Hao Yang , Qiuyan Lan , Dandan Wang , Yu Huang , Yanru Fan
Misuse of kanamycin in animal husbandry has led to serious food safety issues. In this study, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on the base mismatch and strand displacement was developed for detection of kanamycin residue in agricultural products. A novel ferrocene-naphthalimide derivative was employed as the electroactive indicator. The effects of complementary DNA (cDNA) probe length, position and number of mismatched bases in aptamer-cDNA duplex on the performance of displacement-based aptasensor were systematically investigated. The experimental results were in well accordance with the molecular simulation results. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited good reproducibility, stability, selectivity, and a wide linear range of 1.0 × 10−10–1.0 × 10−4 g/mL, with a LOD of 1.1 × 10−11 g/mL (S/N = 3). The proposed aptasensor was used to detect kanamycin residues in milk and chicken liver. Satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviations indicated that the aptasensor was competent for detection of kanamycin residues in agricultural products.
{"title":"A novel label-free electrochemical aptamer sensor based on base mismatch and strand displacement for detection of kanamycin","authors":"Hua Ma , Xia Gu , Hao Yang , Qiuyan Lan , Dandan Wang , Yu Huang , Yanru Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109246","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109246","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Misuse of kanamycin in animal husbandry has led to serious food safety issues. In this study, a label-free electrochemical aptasensor based on the base mismatch and strand displacement was developed for detection of kanamycin residue in agricultural products. A novel ferrocene-naphthalimide derivative was employed as the electroactive indicator. The effects of complementary DNA (cDNA) probe length, position and number of mismatched bases in aptamer-cDNA duplex on the performance of displacement-based aptasensor were systematically investigated. The experimental results were in well accordance with the molecular simulation results. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor exhibited good reproducibility, stability, selectivity, and a wide linear range of 1.0 × 10<sup>−10</sup>–1.0 × 10<sup>−4</sup> g/mL, with a LOD of 1.1 × 10<sup>−11</sup> g/mL (S/N = 3). The proposed aptasensor was used to detect kanamycin residues in milk and chicken liver. Satisfactory recoveries and relative standard deviations indicated that the aptasensor was competent for detection of kanamycin residues in agricultural products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109246"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146155504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To address the global challenges of fossil fuel depletion and climate change, attention has turned to alternative energy sources. Photosynthetic microalgae-based microbial fuel cells (AMFC) have emerged as a promising solution, utilizing bacteria to convert organic matter into energy. This study explores the improvement of electricity generation using single-chamber microalgae-based microbial fuel cells with a modified graphite-photocatalyst air cathode. Modified graphite air cathode using graphite-photocatalyst (TiO2 and MnO2) was observed to enhance greater power production. The electricity produced by the AMFC system using a 25% TiO2-graphite mixture was the best potential air cathode, generating up to 5.56 ± 0.32 mW/m2. The higher power density is also obtained using the fabrication of a photocatalyst air cathode. The fabricated air cathode electrocatalyst can play a reasonable cost material for the enriched energy recovery in the AMFC and/or other such electrochemical devices. This study also investigates the power generation performance of algal microbial fuel cells under three electrical configurations: series, parallel, and mixed connection. Parallel connection showed the greatest power density of 23.82 ± 3.72 mW/m2 among them. However, mixed configuration provided balanced performance, with moderate voltage, current, and power density. From these results, connection type plays an important role in optimizing AMFC performance for specific applications.
{"title":"Enhanced microalgae-based microbial fuel cell performance using single-chamber photocatalyst air-cathode modification","authors":"Hnin Thandar Myint , Yuka Yokoi , Lulu'atul Hamidatu Ulya , Chairat Treesubsuntorn , Yordkhuan Tachapermpon","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To address the global challenges of fossil fuel depletion and climate change, attention has turned to alternative energy sources. Photosynthetic microalgae-based microbial fuel cells (AMFC) have emerged as a promising solution, utilizing bacteria to convert organic matter into energy. This study explores the improvement of electricity generation using single-chamber microalgae-based microbial fuel cells with a modified graphite-photocatalyst air cathode. Modified graphite air cathode using graphite-photocatalyst (TiO<sub>2</sub> and MnO<sub>2</sub>) was observed to enhance greater power production. The electricity produced by the AMFC system using a 25% TiO<sub>2</sub>-graphite mixture was the best potential air cathode, generating up to 5.56 ± 0.32 mW/m<sup>2</sup>. The higher power density is also obtained using the fabrication of a photocatalyst air cathode. The fabricated air cathode electrocatalyst can play a reasonable cost material for the enriched energy recovery in the AMFC and/or other such electrochemical devices. This study also investigates the power generation performance of algal microbial fuel cells under three electrical configurations: series, parallel, and mixed connection. Parallel connection showed the greatest power density of 23.82 ± 3.72 mW/m<sup>2</sup> among them. However, mixed configuration provided balanced performance, with moderate voltage, current, and power density. From these results, connection type plays an important role in optimizing AMFC performance for specific applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-26DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109242
Shiwei Chen , Xunda Zhou , Wenting Xia , Zhiyi Liu , Chunyu Liu , Ying Huang , Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault , Liang Hu , Yanming Dong , Zhenzhong Guo
Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as the dominant etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease worldwide. At present, neither specific antivirals nor effective vaccines are available, creating an urgent need for rapid, low-cost in vitro diagnostics that can interrupt transmission. This study developed an electrochemical biosensor based on a “screening-validation” strategy. It utilizes a MoS2/MWCNT/AgNPs three-dimensional highly conductive network as the substrate, tightly anchored with p(NIPAm-co-SBMA) microgel to form a “protective-conductive” synergistic interface. The capture probe is immobilized via AgS bonds, achieving three integrated functions: signal amplification, anti-contamination, and specific recognition. The detection process occurs in two stages: First, the target nucleic acid sequence generates steric hindrance signals through direct hybridization, enabling rapid initial screening within the 1 fM-100 pM range; For significant initial responses, the CbAgo protein system is introduced to specifically cleave target PCR products under guide DNA direction. The resulting short-chain products trigger secondary cleavage of surface probes on the electrode, enabling sequence-specific validation. This reduces the detection limit to 26.5 aM, with a linear range spanning 100 aM-10 pM. This layered strategy significantly enhances detection specificity and reliability, establishing a new paradigm for precise viral nucleic acid detection.
{"title":"An anti-fouling multifunctional interface enables hierarchical validation and ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of Coxsackievirus A6 specific nucleic acids","authors":"Shiwei Chen , Xunda Zhou , Wenting Xia , Zhiyi Liu , Chunyu Liu , Ying Huang , Nicole Jaffrezic-Renault , Liang Hu , Yanming Dong , Zhenzhong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109242","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109242","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) has emerged as the dominant etiological agent of hand, foot and mouth disease worldwide. At present, neither specific antivirals nor effective vaccines are available, creating an urgent need for rapid, low-cost in vitro diagnostics that can interrupt transmission. This study developed an electrochemical biosensor based on a “screening-validation” strategy. It utilizes a MoS<sub>2</sub>/MWCNT/AgNPs three-dimensional highly conductive network as the substrate, tightly anchored with p(NIPAm-<em>co</em>-SBMA) microgel to form a “protective-conductive” synergistic interface. The capture probe is immobilized via Ag<img>S bonds, achieving three integrated functions: signal amplification, anti-contamination, and specific recognition. The detection process occurs in two stages: First, the target nucleic acid sequence generates steric hindrance signals through direct hybridization, enabling rapid initial screening within the 1 fM-100 pM range; For significant initial responses, the <em>Cb</em>Ago protein system is introduced to specifically cleave target PCR products under guide DNA direction. The resulting short-chain products trigger secondary cleavage of surface probes on the electrode, enabling sequence-specific validation. This reduces the detection limit to 26.5 aM, with a linear range spanning 100 aM-10 pM. This layered strategy significantly enhances detection specificity and reliability, establishing a new paradigm for precise viral nucleic acid detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109242"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109228
Meiting Zhao , Rui Liu , Shuang Jin , Binqiao Ren , Qiang Zhang
The integration of machine learning (ML) with advanced wearable sensor technologies is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-time, intelligent monitoring of physiological parameters such as electrocardiogram (ECG), blood glucose, and respiratory patterns. This review systematically examines the transformative potential of ML-driven biosensors across three core domains: health monitoring, early disease detection, and precision medicine. Key technological advancements—including self-optimizing sensor networks, explainable AI (XAI) architectures, and edge-computing-enabled miniaturized devices—are critically evaluated. Despite rapid progress, the translation of these technologies into clinical practice faces significant challenges, such as data standardization, algorithmic interpretability, privacy concerns, and regulatory hurdles. This paper also discusses emerging trends, including federated learning, quantum machine learning, and neural interfaces, which hold promise for overcoming these barriers. By addressing these challenges and leveraging ongoing interdisciplinary collaborations, ML-enhanced wearable systems are poised to redefine personalized medicine and proactive healthcare delivery on a global scale.
{"title":"From data to diagnosis: A comprehensive review of machine learning-driven wearable sensors in healthcare","authors":"Meiting Zhao , Rui Liu , Shuang Jin , Binqiao Ren , Qiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The integration of machine learning (ML) with advanced wearable sensor technologies is revolutionizing healthcare by enabling real-time, intelligent monitoring of physiological parameters such as electrocardiogram (ECG), blood glucose, and respiratory patterns. This review systematically examines the transformative potential of ML-driven biosensors across three core domains: health monitoring, early disease detection, and precision medicine. Key technological advancements—including self-optimizing sensor networks, explainable AI (XAI) architectures, and edge-computing-enabled miniaturized devices—are critically evaluated. Despite rapid progress, the translation of these technologies into clinical practice faces significant challenges, such as data standardization, algorithmic interpretability, privacy concerns, and regulatory hurdles. This paper also discusses emerging trends, including federated learning, quantum machine learning, and neural interfaces, which hold promise for overcoming these barriers. By addressing these challenges and leveraging ongoing interdisciplinary collaborations, ML-enhanced wearable systems are poised to redefine personalized medicine and proactive healthcare delivery on a global scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145974509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109235
Vasumathi K. , Chin-Tsan Wang
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) enable simultaneous wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation, but their performance is often constrained by poor bacterial adhesion and slow anode electron transfer. Hydroxyapatite (HA) can address these limitations; however, most studies rely on commercial HA and rarely examine biowaste-derived sources or synthesis-route effects. In this study, eggshell-derived HA was synthesized via room-temperature precipitation (CHP) and hydrothermal treatment at 250 °C for 3 h (CHH), then blended with carbon to fabricate composite anodes. Dual-chamber MFCs inoculated with Shewanella putrefaciens were evaluated using electrochemical analyses (CV, EIS, polarization) and biofilm characterization (CFU counts, crystal violet staining, SEM). CHH achieved a peak power density of 0.164 W m−2, approximately 167% higher than bare carbon and 23–33% higher than carbon and CHP. CHP exhibited slightly lower peak power but superior sustained output over a wider current-density range, attributed to its low-crystallinity structure and rapid early colonization. The results demonstrate that HA nanostructure, governed by synthesis route, directly influences biofilm formation and electron transfer. Overall, eggshell-derived HA anodes significantly enhance MFC performance, establishing a clear synthesis–nanostructure–biofilm–performance relationship.
微生物燃料电池（mfc）能够同时进行废水处理和生物发电，但其性能往往受到细菌粘附性差和阳极电子转移缓慢的限制。羟基磷灰石（HA）可以解决这些限制；然而，大多数研究依赖于商业透明质酸，很少检查生物废物来源或合成途径的影响。在本研究中，通过室温沉淀（CHP）和250°C水热处理（CHH）合成蛋壳源HA，然后与碳混合制备复合阳极。采用电化学分析（CV、EIS、极化）和生物膜表征（CFU计数、结晶紫染色、扫描电镜）对接种了腐坏希瓦氏菌的双室mfc进行评价。CHH的峰值功率密度为0.164 W m−2，比裸碳高167%，比碳和CHP高23-33%。CHP的峰值功率略低，但由于其低结晶度结构和快速的早期定植，在较宽的电流密度范围内具有较好的持续输出。结果表明，透明质酸的纳米结构受合成路线的支配，直接影响生物膜的形成和电子的传递。总之，蛋壳衍生的HA阳极显著提高了MFC性能，建立了清晰的合成-纳米结构-生物膜-性能关系。
{"title":"Influence of synthesis temperature of eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite on biofilm formation and microbial fuel cell performance","authors":"Vasumathi K. , Chin-Tsan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) enable simultaneous wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation, but their performance is often constrained by poor bacterial adhesion and slow anode electron transfer. Hydroxyapatite (HA) can address these limitations; however, most studies rely on commercial HA and rarely examine biowaste-derived sources or synthesis-route effects. In this study, eggshell-derived HA was synthesized via room-temperature precipitation (CHP) and hydrothermal treatment at 250 °C for 3 h (CHH), then blended with carbon to fabricate composite anodes. Dual-chamber MFCs inoculated with <em>Shewanella putrefaciens</em> were evaluated using electrochemical analyses (CV, EIS, polarization) and biofilm characterization (CFU counts, crystal violet staining, SEM). CHH achieved a peak power density of 0.164 W m<sup>−2</sup>, approximately 167% higher than bare carbon and 23–33% higher than carbon and CHP. CHP exhibited slightly lower peak power but superior sustained output over a wider current-density range, attributed to its low-crystallinity structure and rapid early colonization. The results demonstrate that HA nanostructure, governed by synthesis route, directly influences biofilm formation and electron transfer. Overall, eggshell-derived HA anodes significantly enhance MFC performance, establishing a clear synthesis–nanostructure–biofilm–performance relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109235"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-22DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109236
Anh L. Duong , Keito Kaida , Kaito Goto , Iori Kojima , Bernard Delalande , Hirohisa Tamagawa
The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz (GHK) equation provides a quantitative description of the membrane potential, a quantity commonly ascribed to passive and active ion movements through channels and pumps in the plasma membrane. Consequently, the membrane potential is frequently viewed as a hallmark of living cells. In physiology, the Nernst equation is often treated as a simplified version of the GHK equation. The factor (: ion valency; : membrane potential), termed the Nernst slope, serves as a key marker of the Nernst equation’s applicability and of cellular viability. Yet, nonliving systems can also develop potentials that exhibit the same characteristic slope, indicating that the Nernst slope is not necessarily a product of biological activity. An older, largely disregarded physiological model, the Association–Induction Hypothesis (AIH), explains membrane potential generation purely in terms of ion adsorption–desorption phenomena. Within the AIH framework, membrane potentials do not arise from ionic fluxes across the membrane but from equilibria that obey the law of mass action. In this study, we derive the Nernst slope using the AIH framework. This result suggests that the membrane potential may primarily reflect mass-action-determined equilibria rather than active physiological mechanisms.
{"title":"The Nernst slope within the Association–Induction Hypothesis framework","authors":"Anh L. Duong , Keito Kaida , Kaito Goto , Iori Kojima , Bernard Delalande , Hirohisa Tamagawa","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Goldman–Hodgkin–Katz (GHK) equation provides a quantitative description of the membrane potential, a quantity commonly ascribed to passive and active ion movements through channels and pumps in the plasma membrane. Consequently, the membrane potential is frequently viewed as a hallmark of living cells. In physiology, the Nernst equation is often treated as a simplified version of the GHK equation. The factor <span><math><mrow><mo>−</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>ψ</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>z</mi><mi>k</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></math></span> (<span><math><mi>z</mi></math></span>: ion valency; <span><math><mi>ψ</mi></math></span>: membrane potential), termed the Nernst slope, serves as a key marker of the Nernst equation’s applicability and of cellular viability. Yet, nonliving systems can also develop potentials that exhibit the same characteristic slope, indicating that the Nernst slope is not necessarily a product of biological activity. An older, largely disregarded physiological model, the Association–Induction Hypothesis (AIH), explains membrane potential generation purely in terms of ion adsorption–desorption phenomena. Within the AIH framework, membrane potentials do not arise from ionic fluxes across the membrane but from equilibria that obey the law of mass action. In this study, we derive the Nernst slope using the AIH framework. This result suggests that the membrane potential may primarily reflect mass-action-determined equilibria rather than active physiological mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109236"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109230
Xiaolin Zhang, Zhicheng Li, Fangfang Yang, Jieyu Zhang, Jing Yu, Li Wang, Shufeng Liu
Nucleic acid probe design and immobilization are fundamental to the high performance of biosensors. However, the dependence on elaborate fabrication processes or meticulous optimization of probe immobilization poses challenges to achieving reliable bioanalysis and high sensing efficiency. Herein, we report an effective strategy for constructing electrochemical DNA biosensor that leverages a catalytic DNA reaction on a uniquely designed three-stranded duplex (TSD) probe. The TSD probe is engineered with an internally positioned thiol group to adopt a favorable flat-lying immobilization orientation. Compared to conventional upright TSD probe, the flat-lying design facilitates a more accessible interface and more stable assembly density with reduced dependence on immobilization concentration. This flat-lying system demonstrated superior sensing performance, including a faster reaction rate (completed within 1.5 h vs. 2.5 h for upright probes) and a lower detection limit of 244 fM for target, which is about 40-fold better than the upright configuration. The sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity against mismatched sequences, better reproducibility and was successfully applied for target detection in diluted serum. This work presents a novel and facile probe design and immobilization paradigm that eliminates the traditional need for complex density optimization, offering a robust sensing platform for highly sensitive and efficient DNA detection.
{"title":"Engineering a flat-lying three-stranded duplex probe for catalytic DNA circuit toward enhanced electrochemical biosensing","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang, Zhicheng Li, Fangfang Yang, Jieyu Zhang, Jing Yu, Li Wang, Shufeng Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nucleic acid probe design and immobilization are fundamental to the high performance of biosensors. However, the dependence on elaborate fabrication processes or meticulous optimization of probe immobilization poses challenges to achieving reliable bioanalysis and high sensing efficiency. Herein, we report an effective strategy for constructing electrochemical DNA biosensor that leverages a catalytic DNA reaction on a uniquely designed three-stranded duplex (TSD) probe. The TSD probe is engineered with an internally positioned thiol group to adopt a favorable flat-lying immobilization orientation. Compared to conventional upright TSD probe, the flat-lying design facilitates a more accessible interface and more stable assembly density with reduced dependence on immobilization concentration. This flat-lying system demonstrated superior sensing performance, including a faster reaction rate (completed within 1.5 h vs. 2.5 h for upright probes) and a lower detection limit of 244 fM for target, which is about 40-fold better than the upright configuration. The sensor also demonstrated excellent selectivity against mismatched sequences, better reproducibility and was successfully applied for target detection in diluted serum. This work presents a novel and facile probe design and immobilization paradigm that eliminates the traditional need for complex density optimization, offering a robust sensing platform for highly sensitive and efficient DNA detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109230"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-08-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109231
Lucie Žaloudková , Vojtěch Hamala , Peter Šebest , Marek Zelinka , Hana Černocká , Jindřich Karban , Veronika Ostatná
Protein-ligand interactions are crucial for understanding biochemical reactions and pathways, as well as for the design of new therapeutics. In this work, we compare the electrochemical behavior of four neutral organoferrocene ligands that differ in the number of monosaccharide and ferrocene units. The presence of a carbohydrate moiety results in increased hydrophilicity, while ferrocene units increase hydrophobicity, which significantly influences interactions with the surface, as well as with serum albumin. The adsorption of di-ferrocene ligands on the electrode surface and to serum albumin is more pronounced than that of mono-ferrocenes. Additionally, di-ferrocene ligands require dissolution in organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, which also influences ligand-electrode and ligand-protein affinities. The conclusions of our work highlight the importance of ligand nature in determining the dissociation constant and mutual interactions with proteins, including those where ligands bind non-specifically. Electrochemical methods are suitable for studying the interactions of hydrophobic ligands with proteins because the ligands are typically present at micromolar concentrations to ensure their solubility in water. In addition, these methods exhibit high sensitivity to subtle structural changes of the protein.
{"title":"Electrochemical sensing of organoferrocene ligand interaction with serum albumin in dimethyl sulfoxide media","authors":"Lucie Žaloudková , Vojtěch Hamala , Peter Šebest , Marek Zelinka , Hana Černocká , Jindřich Karban , Veronika Ostatná","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2026.109231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein-ligand interactions are crucial for understanding biochemical reactions and pathways, as well as for the design of new therapeutics. In this work, we compare the electrochemical behavior of four neutral organoferrocene ligands that differ in the number of monosaccharide and ferrocene units. The presence of a carbohydrate moiety results in increased hydrophilicity, while ferrocene units increase hydrophobicity, which significantly influences interactions with the surface, as well as with serum albumin. The adsorption of di-ferrocene ligands on the electrode surface and to serum albumin is more pronounced than that of mono-ferrocenes. Additionally, di-ferrocene ligands require dissolution in organic solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide, which also influences ligand-electrode and ligand-protein affinities. The conclusions of our work highlight the importance of ligand nature in determining the dissociation constant and mutual interactions with proteins, including those where ligands bind non-specifically. Electrochemical methods are suitable for studying the interactions of hydrophobic ligands with proteins because the ligands are typically present at micromolar concentrations to ensure their solubility in water. In addition, these methods exhibit high sensitivity to subtle structural changes of the protein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146023967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ovarian cancer has always posed a challenge to the healthcare industry due to a lack of early diagnosis methods, attributed to the absence of identifiable symptoms, thereby earning it the name “silent killer”. Even though the traditional diagnostic methods provide some diagnostic capabilities, they still face several bottlenecks, highlighting the need to develop a robust, sensitive and accurate biosensor, specific to ovarian cancer biomarkers. In this study, an electrochemical platform with the microfluidic method of sample introduction was analyzed to detect cancer antigen 125 (CA125), a prominent biomarker in ovarian cancer patients. The platform was decorated with alkylamine-functionalized graphene sheets (AfGSs) and antibody aligner to act as bio-conjugation and signal-enhancing agents. Thorough structural and functionalization characterizations of the nanomaterial and sensing platform were performed. The study presents a detailed comparison of the performance of both static (drop-cast) and microfluidic sensing platforms for CA125 biomarker concentrations in the 0.0001–1000 U/mL range, with a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 6.17 μU/mL for microfluidic systems and 2.67 μU/mL for static systems.
{"title":"Examination of influence of microfluidic flow and antibody orientation on biosensor performance: A case study with CA125 electrochemical biosensor","authors":"Neelam Vishwakarma , Shubham Kumar Patial , Mayank Garg , Suman Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109213","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bioelechem.2025.109213","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ovarian cancer has always posed a challenge to the healthcare industry due to a lack of early diagnosis methods, attributed to the absence of identifiable symptoms, thereby earning it the name “silent killer”. Even though the traditional diagnostic methods provide some diagnostic capabilities, they still face several bottlenecks, highlighting the need to develop a robust, sensitive and accurate biosensor, specific to ovarian cancer biomarkers. In this study, an electrochemical platform with the microfluidic method of sample introduction was analyzed to detect cancer antigen 125 (CA125), a prominent biomarker in ovarian cancer patients. The platform was decorated with alkylamine-functionalized graphene sheets (A<sub>f</sub>GSs) and antibody aligner to act as bio-conjugation and signal-enhancing agents. Thorough structural and functionalization characterizations of the nanomaterial and sensing platform were performed. The study presents a detailed comparison of the performance of both static (drop-cast) and microfluidic sensing platforms for CA125 biomarker concentrations in the 0.0001–1000 U/mL range, with a Limit of Detection (LoD) of 6.17 μU/mL for microfluidic systems and 2.67 μU/mL for static systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":252,"journal":{"name":"Bioelectrochemistry","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 109213"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145897939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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