Biomass & Bioenergy最新文献_第2页

Can mild alkaline pretreatment simultaneously enhance the antioxidant capacity of Beta-carotene extracts and biomethane yields in a sustainable Dunaliella salina biorefinery? 在可持续的杜纳藻生物炼制过程中，弱碱性预处理能否同时提高β-胡萝卜素提取物的抗氧化能力和生物甲烷产量？

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107474

Pilar Águila-Carricondo , Raquel García-García , Juan Pablo de la Roche , Pedro Luis Galán , Luis Fernando Bautista , Gemma Vicente

This research aims to assess the effect of alkaline pretreatments on the antioxidant potential of β-carotene-rich extracts from the microalga Dunaliella salina and the cumulative biomethane production from its spent biomass, within the framework of a circular economy approach using four biorefineries. A solvent screening was performed, with ethyl acetate achieving the maximum β-carotene extraction yield (5.3% ± 0.03%). Alkaline pretreatments were applied to the initial biomass (direct) and extracts after a extraction with ethyl acetate (indirect), using two matrices: water (W) and a mixture water:ethanol (WE). Direct alkaline pretreatments (D) offered extracts with higher potential than indirect pretreatments (I) in terms of: i) antioxidant capacity, as measured by ABTS^•+ assay (0.69±0.1 and 0.61±0.1 mmolTE/gDW for W-D and WE-D, respectively, and 0.55±0.1 and 0.53±0.1 mmolTE/gDW for W-I and WE-I, respectively) and •OH scavenging activity (1.89±0.2 and 2.05±0.5 mmolTE/gDW for W-D and WE-D, respectively, and 0.48±0 and 1.2±0.3 mmolTE/gDW for W-I and WE-I, respectively), ii) biomethane production from their spent biomass (301±14 mLCH₄/gVS and 289±9.0 mLCH₄/gVS for W-D and WE-D, respectively, compared to 235±57 mLCH₄/gVS without alkaline pretreatment), and iii) sustainability analysis, which includes the assessment of the biomass exploitation for β-carotene extraction and biomethane production. The most sustainable biorefinery was W-D as it achieved the highest biomass exploitation (33.8%), compared to WE-D (29.1%), W-I (33.1%) or WE-I (32.8%). This underscores the novelty and effectiveness of direct alkaline pretreatments for enhancing both antioxidant potential and energy recovery from D. salina biomass in a biorefinery context.

本研究旨在利用四个生物炼制厂，在循环经济方法框架内评估碱性预处理对从微藻杜纳利藻（Dunaliella salina）中提取的富含β-胡萝卜素的提取物的抗氧化潜力以及从其废弃生物质中产生的累积生物甲烷产量的影响。对溶剂进行了筛选，其中乙酸乙酯的β-胡萝卜素提取率最高（5.3% ± 0.03%）。对初始生物质（直接）和乙酸乙酯萃取后的提取物（间接）进行了碱性预处理，使用了两种基质：水（W）和水与乙醇的混合物（WE）。在以下方面，直接碱性预处理（D）提供的提取物比间接预处理（I）具有更高的潜力： i) 抗氧化能力，用 ABTS-+ 分析法测量（0.69±0.1 和 0.61±0.1 mmolTE/gDW，W-I 和 WE-I 分别为 0.55±0.1 和 0.53±0.1 mmolTE/gDW）和 -OH 清除活性（W-D 和 WE-D 分别为 1.89±0.2 和 2.05±0.5 mmolTE/gDW，W-I 和 WE-I 分别为 0.W-I和WE-I分别为0.48±0和1.2±0.3 mmolTE/gDW）；ii) 用过的生物质生产生物甲烷（W-D和WE-D分别为301±14 mLCH4/gVS和289±9.0 mLCH4/gVS，而未经碱性预处理的生物质为235±57 mLCH4/gVS）；iii) 可持续性分析，包括评估提取β-胡萝卜素和生产生物甲烷的生物质利用情况。与 WE-D（29.1%）、W-I（33.1%）或 WE-I（32.8%）相比，W-D 的生物质利用率最高（33.8%），因此是最具可持续性的生物精炼厂。这凸显了直接碱性预处理的新颖性和有效性，可在生物精炼中提高盐湖虾生物质的抗氧化潜力和能量回收。

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引用次数: 0

RSM-based co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake and sugarcane bagasse: Syngas production and biochar characteristics 基于 RSM 的棕榈油滗析饼和甘蔗渣联合气化：合成气产量和生物炭特性

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107482

Kunmi Joshua Abioye , Noorfidza Yub Harun , Mohammad Yusuf , Hesam Kamyab , Joshua O. Ighalo , Wael Almusattar , Joshua Olanrewaju Olaoye , Adesoji Matthew Olaniyan , M. Atif , Ashok Kumar , Chander Prakash , Shilpa Pande

The production of syngas (CO + H₂) and biochar from biomass waste co-gasification promotes sustainable energy while addressing environmental remediation challenges. This study investigates the co-gasification of palm oil decanter cake (PODC) and sugarcane bagasse (SB) to optimize syngas production and obtain biochar in a fixed bed horizontal tube furnace reactor. Operating variables, including temperature (700–900 °C), biomass ratio (30–70 wt%), and particle size (0.25–2 mm), were optimized using Response Surface Methodology with the Box-Behnken design. Characterization analyses including Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR), and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopic (FESEM) analyses were conducted on the biochar. The optimal conditions yielded a syngas volume of 41.5 vol% and a biochar of 0.3 wt%, achieved at 900 °C temperature, 42 wt% PODC biomass ratio, and 2 mm particle size. BET analysis revealed a mesoporous structure biochar with surface area of 398.55 m²/g, pore volume of 0.13 cm³/g, and pore diameter of 6.49 nm. FTIR analysis indicated the presence of hydroxyl groups, carbonyl groups, aromatic compounds, and hydrocarbon structures. FESEM analysis showed well-defined pore structures on the biochar surface, with EDX analysis confirming a dominant carbon content of 83.32 wt%. These findings substantially enhance sustainable approaches in energy production, agriculture, and wastewater treatment, while effectively tackling environmental issues associated with biomass waste.

从生物质废物联合气化中生产合成气（CO + H2）和生物炭可促进可持续能源的发展，同时应对环境整治方面的挑战。本研究调查了棕榈油滗析器滤饼（PODC）和甘蔗渣（SB）在固定床水平管式炉反应器中的联合气化，以优化合成气生产并获得生物炭。采用箱-贝肯（Box-Behnken）设计的响应面方法对温度（700-900 °C）、生物质比率（30-70 wt%）和粒度（0.25-2 mm）等操作变量进行了优化。对生物炭进行了特性分析，包括布鲁瑙尔-艾美特-泰勒（BET）、傅立叶变换红外（FTIR）和场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）分析。在最佳条件下，合成气体积为 41.5 Vol%，生物炭为 0.3 wt%，温度为 900 °C，PODC 生物质比率为 42 wt%，粒径为 2 mm。BET 分析显示，生物炭为介孔结构，表面积为 398.55 m2/g，孔体积为 0.13 cm3/g，孔直径为 6.49 nm。傅立叶变换红外分析表明存在羟基、羰基、芳香族化合物和碳氢化合物结构。FESEM 分析表明，生物炭表面的孔隙结构非常清晰，EDX 分析证实其主要碳含量为 83.32 wt%。这些发现极大地促进了能源生产、农业和废水处理的可持续发展，同时有效地解决了与生物质废物相关的环境问题。

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引用次数: 0

Characterization of biomass comminution for entrained-flow gasification 用于内流气化的生物质粉碎的特性分析

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107478

Haifeng Lu, Yao Bian, Xiaolei Guo, Haifeng Liu

Biomass entrained-flow gasification is one of the most promising conversion technologies for biomass utilization, characterized by high conversion efficiency and environmental friendliness. As a booming technology, the selection of particle size in biomass entrained-flow gasification has been a key issue of concern but has not yet been resolved. In this paper, a hammer mill was used to comminute biomass into powders of various particle sizes; Typical biomass materials including rice husk, rice straw, wood chip, and chinar leaf were selected as experimental materials to analyze the comminuting characteristics of different biomasses. Different screen sizes (SS) ranging from 0.2 mm to 2 mm were utilized to investigate the influence of comminuting particle size. The influence of SS on the characteristics of biomass particles (particle size, particle shape) was analyzed. The characteristic particle size, represented by d₉₀, was extracted and found to exhibit a good linear relationship with the SS. It was confirmed that reducing the particle size effectively reduces the particle anisotropy. Furthermore, the bulking and flow characteristics of different particles was investigated. Despite the increase in bulk and tap densities with decreasing particle size, it is interesting to note that the flowability of the powder first improves and then weakens. Finally, the impact of SS on the comminution energy consumption was investigated and the Bond comminution constants were fitted for the four biomass tested.

生物质内流气化是生物质利用领域最有前途的转化技术之一，具有转化效率高和环境友好的特点。作为一项蓬勃发展的技术，生物质内流气化中粒度的选择一直是人们关注的关键问题，但至今尚未得到解决。本文使用锤式粉碎机将生物质粉碎成不同粒度的粉末；选取典型的生物质材料，包括稻壳、稻草、木屑和千层叶作为实验材料，分析不同生物质的粉碎特性。利用 0.2 毫米至 2 毫米的不同筛分尺寸（SS）来研究粉碎粒度的影响。分析了 SS 对生物质颗粒特性（粒度、粒形）的影响。提取了以 d90 为代表的特征粒度，发现其与 SS 呈良好的线性关系。研究证实，减小粒径可有效降低颗粒的各向异性。此外，还研究了不同颗粒的体积和流动特性。尽管随着颗粒尺寸的减小，体积密度和敲击密度都会增加，但值得注意的是，粉末的流动性先改善后减弱。最后，研究了 SS 对粉碎能耗的影响，并拟合了四种测试生物质的邦德粉碎常数。

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引用次数: 0

Co-hydrothermal carbonisation of sewage sludge and kitchen waste: Influence of process parameters 污水污泥和餐厨垃圾的共水热碳化：工艺参数的影响

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107473

K. Rathika , Bholu Ram Yadav , Sunil Kumar

This study assessed the impact of process temperature and time on the co-hydrothermal carbonisation (co-HTC) of kitchen waste and sewage sludge. To address the limitations of using a single feedstock and to circumvent the energy costs associated with pre-drying, the two organic feedstocks were mixed at a 1:1 ratio (wet basis). Co-HTC experimental runs were conducted in the temperature range of 180 °C–260 °C for 1, 3, and 5h durations. Co-HTC for sewage sludge and kitchen waste (1:1 ratio) at 260 °C temperature for 3h duration demonstrated optimal energy enrichment with a maximum energy and carbon densification of 1.50 and 1.47, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed that the hydrochar (HC) produced at 260 °C temperature for 3h duration underwent multistage decomposition with stable intermediates due to the formation of more stable aromatic structures and a heat energy of 21.29 kJ g⁻¹ at 292.87 °C. At the optimal reaction conditions, the process water (PW) exhibited a high volatile fatty acids (VFA) and total kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentration of 1420 mg L⁻¹ and 431.2 mg L⁻¹, indicating its potential for simultaneous energy recovery through anaerobic digestion and nutrient recovery.

本研究评估了工艺温度和时间对厨房垃圾和污水污泥共热碳化（co-HTC）的影响。为了解决使用单一原料的局限性，并规避与预干燥相关的能源成本，两种有机原料以 1:1 的比例（湿基）混合。在 180 °C-260 °C 的温度范围内进行了 1、3 和 5 小时的共热催化还原实验。污水污泥和餐厨垃圾（1:1 比例）在 260 °C 温度下持续 3 小时的共热硫化四氯化碳实验表明，能量富集效果最佳，最大能量密度和碳密度分别为 1.50 和 1.47。热重分析（TGA）显示，在 260 °C 温度下持续 3 小时产生的水碳（HC）经历了多级分解，由于形成了更稳定的芳香结构，中间产物稳定，在 292.87 °C 时的热能为 21.29 kJ g-1。在最佳反应条件下，工艺水（PW）显示出较高的挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）和总凯氏定氮（TKN）浓度，分别为 1420 mg L-1 和 431.2 mg L-1，表明其具有通过厌氧消化同时回收能量和营养物质的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

DBD plasma induced SMOSI and encapsulation for regulation of Brønsted-Lewis acid sites of Cr-MOFs@ZrO2 DBD 等离子体诱导 SMOSI 和封装用于调节 Cr-MOFs@ZrO2 的布伦斯特-刘易斯酸位点

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107475

Xumei Tao , Mingxiao Cheng , Honglin Li , Liang Huang

Dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma for the synthesis of Zr-MOFs followed by the calcination and combination with Cr-MOFs was presented to prepare a Brønsted-Lewis bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). The strong electric field on the catalyst surface formed by DBD plasma induced the enhancement of strong metal oxide support interaction (SMOSI), which could be indicated by XPS. SMOSI could change the embedding degree of metal micro-particles. SMOSI accompanied with the encapsulation of Zr metal nanoparticles could regulate the acid sites of the catalysts. Lewis acid played an important role in the isomerization of glucose to fructose, while Brønsted acid played a key role in the further conversion of glucose. The strong Brønsted acid sites determined the conversion of glucose to HMF. Cr-MOFs@ZrO₂-D with the DBD plasma method afforded a higher Brønsted to Lewis acid ratio, compared with Cr-MOFs@ZrO₂-S with the hydrothermal method. Glucose conversion of 97.9 % and HMF yield of 38 % were obtained with DMF solvent system and Cr-MOFs@ZrO₂-D at 150 °C for 2h. This research provided a new method for preparing Zr-MOFs by DBD plasma and a new idea to comprehensively understand the role of Brønsted and Lewis acid sites in glucose conversion.

研究人员利用介质阻挡放电（DBD）等离子体合成 Zr-MOFs，然后煅烧并与 Cr-MOFs 结合，制备了一种用于将葡萄糖转化为 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 的 Brønsted-Lewis 双功能催化剂。DBD 等离子体在催化剂表面形成的强电场诱导了强金属氧化物支撑相互作用（SMOSI）的增强，XPS 可以证明这一点。SMOSI 可以改变金属微粒的嵌入程度。SMOSI 与 Zr 金属纳米颗粒的包覆作用可调节催化剂的酸性位点。路易斯酸在葡萄糖向果糖的异构化过程中发挥了重要作用，而布氏酸则在葡萄糖的进一步转化过程中发挥了关键作用。强勃氏酸位点决定了葡萄糖向 HMF 的转化。与采用水热法的 Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-S 相比，采用 DBD 等离子法的 Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D 的布氏酸与路易斯酸比率更高。使用 DMF 溶剂系统和 Cr-MOFs@ZrO2-D，在 150 °C 下反应 2 小时，葡萄糖转化率为 97.9%，HMF 产率为 38%。该研究为利用 DBD 等离子体制备 Zr-MOFs 提供了一种新方法，也为全面了解布氏和路易斯酸位点在葡萄糖转化中的作用提供了一种新思路。

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引用次数: 0

Upgrading co-pyrolysis products from ternary biomass: An investigative study of commercial and locally-made catalysts 三元生物质共热解产品的升级：商用和国产催化剂的调查研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107471

Sabah Mariyam, Mohammad Alherbawi, Tareq Al-Ansari, Gordon McKay

Catalysts play a pivotal role in influencing product yields and compositions in pyrolysis processes, offering significant advantages for biomass conversion. This study investigates the impact of natural and commercial catalysts on the co-pyrolysis of ternary biomass at two different temperatures (550 °C and 750 °C). At higher temperatures, secondary decompositions become prominent, leading to increased gas yields and decreased char and liquid oil yields. The introduction of catalysts generally enhances char yields across both temperature regimes. Notably, CaCO₃ exhibits the highest bio-oil yield, while Ca(OH)₂ shows the lowest, with reversed trends observed for gas yields. The influence of catalysts extends to gas composition, with Ca(OH)₂ and zeolite notably increasing CH₄ and CO₂ concentrations at 750 °C. Each catalyst type exerts specific effects on gas production and composition, underscoring the intricate interplay between catalysts and reaction pathways. Additionally, catalysts significantly alter the composition of bio-oil, with calcium-based catalysts reducing acid content and increasing aromatics, while zeolites exhibit contrasting trends at different temperatures. Noteworthy compounds identified in the resulting bio-oil include bisphenol A, levoglucosan, phenols, and p-cresol, offering potential applications in plastics, biofuels, resins, and more. Overall, catalysts offer the potential to enhance specific compound yields, reduce corrosiveness, and optimize bio-oil and char composition for diverse industrial applications, highlighting the need for further research into synergistic effects when combining different catalysts.

催化剂在影响热解过程中的产物产量和成分方面起着关键作用，为生物质转化提供了显著优势。本研究调查了天然催化剂和商用催化剂在两种不同温度（550 ℃ 和 750 ℃）下对三元生物质协同热解的影响。在较高温度下，二次分解变得突出，导致气体产量增加，而焦炭和液体油产量减少。在两种温度条件下，引入催化剂一般都能提高木炭产量。值得注意的是，CaCO3 的生物油产率最高，而 Ca(OH)2 的生物油产率最低，气体产率的趋势正好相反。催化剂对气体成分也有影响，在 750 °C 时，Ca（OH）2 和沸石明显增加了 CH4 和 CO2 的浓度。每种催化剂类型都对气体产量和成分产生了特定的影响，凸显了催化剂和反应途径之间错综复杂的相互作用。此外，催化剂还能显著改变生物油的成分，钙基催化剂能降低酸含量，增加芳烃，而沸石在不同温度下则表现出截然不同的趋势。在生成的生物油中发现的值得注意的化合物包括双酚 A、左旋葡聚糖、苯酚和对甲酚，为塑料、生物燃料、树脂等领域提供了潜在的应用。总之，催化剂具有提高特定化合物产量、降低腐蚀性、优化生物油和焦炭成分等潜力，可用于多种工业应用，因此需要进一步研究不同催化剂的协同效应。

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引用次数: 0

Snail shell derived magnetic nanocatalysts for biodiesel production: Process optimization through response surface methodology, kinetics, and thermodynamic studies 用于生物柴油生产的蜗牛壳衍生磁性纳米催化剂：通过响应面方法学、动力学和热力学研究优化工艺

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107442

Supongsenla Ao , Heather F. Greer , Lana A. Alghamdi , Umer Rashid , Gopinath Halder , Andrew E.H. Wheatley , Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum

In this study, calcium oxide-magnetite (CaO-Fe₃O₄) nanocomposites (NCs) were synthesized from waste inorganic biomass (snail shells) using sequential calcination, hydration, and dehydration processes. The synthesized catalyst was thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM-EDS, BET, XPS, CO₂-TPD, VSM, and ICP-OES analysis and applied to the transesterification of soybean oil to produce biodiesel. The reaction was optimized using response surface methodology, achieving a high biodiesel yield of 97.7 ± 0.2 % (98.0 ± 0.4 % conversion). The quality of the biodiesel was confirmed by comparing its physicochemical properties with ASTM standards. The transesterification reaction followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 42.5 kJ mol⁻¹. Furthermore, thermodynamic analysis showed that the process was endothermic (ΔH° = 39.13 kJ mol⁻¹) and non-spontaneous. The catalyst was reused for up to seven reaction cycles, and the nature of the reused catalyst after the seventh cycle was thoroughly examined later in the study.

本研究以废弃的无机生物质（蜗牛壳）为原料，采用煅烧、水合和脱水顺序合成了氧化钙-磁铁矿（CaO-Fe₃O₄）纳米复合材料（NCs）。利用各种技术，包括 XRD、FTIR、TGA、SEM-EDS、BET、XPS、CO₂-TPD、VSM 和 ICP-OES 分析，对合成的催化剂进行了全面表征，并将其应用于大豆油的酯交换反应以生产生物柴油。该反应采用响应面方法进行了优化，生物柴油产量高达 97.7 ± 0.2 %（转化率为 98.0 ± 0.4 %）。通过将生物柴油的理化性质与 ASTM 标准进行比较，确认了生物柴油的质量。酯交换反应遵循假一阶动力学，活化能为 42.5 kJ mol-1。此外，热力学分析表明，该过程为内热（ΔH° = 39.13 kJ mol-1）且非自发。该催化剂最多可重复使用七个反应循环，研究后期还对第七个循环后重复使用的催化剂的性质进行了深入研究。

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引用次数: 0

Numerical investigation of reaction mechanisms on NOX emissions from biomass combustion with enhanced reduction 生物质燃烧中氮氧化物排放的强化还原反应机理的数值研究

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107441

Michael Eßl , Robert Scharler , Kai Schulze , Andrés Anca-Couce

The present study examines the applicability of reaction kinetic mechanisms for predicting NO_X emissions from biomass furnaces. These mechanisms are essential for numerical optimization of new innovative combustion technologies and therefore must be computationally affordable and provide reasonable accuracy in predicting NO_X emissions. The selection of a suitable mechanism from literature is the goal of this work. The numerical investigations carried out utilized chemical reaction kinetic simulations with continuous stirred tank reactor networks. First, the predictions of a detailed benchmark mechanism are compared to experimental data and analyzed with regard to temperature, air-to-fuel equivalence ratio, residence time and producer gas composition. Then, various hybrid and reduced mechanisms are compared with the benchmark mechanism. The investigation showed a good agreement on the trends of NO_X emissions from the detailed mechanism and measurements. The detailed mechanism can therefore be employed to find optimal operation windows in terms of temperature, air-to-fuel equivalence ratio and residence time. Benchmarking of the hybrid and reduced mechanisms showed large differences between the mechanisms. In conclusion, only one reduced mechanism is considered suitable for application in a full-scale 3D CFD simulation, which will be investigated in future studies.

本研究探讨了预测生物质炉氮氧化物排放的反应动力学机制的适用性。这些机理对于新的创新燃烧技术的数值优化至关重要，因此必须在计算上负担得起，并在预测氮氧化物排放方面提供合理的准确性。从文献中选择合适的机制是这项工作的目标。所进行的数值研究利用了连续搅拌罐反应器网络的化学反应动力学模拟。首先，将详细基准机理的预测结果与实验数据进行比较，并对温度、空气与燃料当量比、停留时间和生产气体成分进行分析。然后，将各种混合和简化机制与基准机制进行比较。调查显示，详细机理与测量结果在氮氧化物排放趋势上有很好的一致性。因此，详细机制可用于寻找温度、空气与燃料等效比和停留时间方面的最佳运行窗口。混合机制和简化机制的基准测试表明，这两种机制之间存在很大差异。总之，只有一种简化机制适合应用于全尺寸三维 CFD 模拟，这将在今后的研究中进行探讨。

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引用次数: 0

An efficient, high-yield synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from red macroalgae (Eucheuma cottonii) using HCl/AlCl3 as the catalyst 以 HCl/AlCl3 为催化剂，从红色巨藻（Eucheuma cottonii）中高效、高产合成 5-羟甲基糠醛

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107453

Angela Martina , Henk H.van de Bovenkamp , Jozef G.M. Winkelman , Inge W. Noordergraaf , Francesco Picchioni , Hero J. Heeres

Macroalgae are attractive feeds for biobased platform chemicals like 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA). We here report an experimental study to obtain HMF from a representative red macroalgae using a biphasic water/MIBK system and a dual catalyst consisting of HCl and AlCl₃ in a batch set-up. The highest HMF yield was 64.0 mol% based on C6 sugars in the feed, corresponding with a carbon yield of 37.9 % (30 min, 153 °C, 0.04 M of AlCl₃ and 0.04 M of HCl, 5 wt% macroalgae (Eucheuma cottonii, EC), intake on water). A reaction network is proposed based on major and minor products identified in the liquid phase during reaction and involves both D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-D-galactose. The experimental data were modeled using a statistical approach, and good agreement between the experimental results and the model was obtained. The model predicts that particularly the temperature has a significant effect on HMF yield. The data were also modeled using an appropriate kinetic model and the kinetic model was used to optimize the batch processing of EC.

大型藻类是具有吸引力的生物基平台化学品（如 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) 和 levulinic acid (LA)）原料。我们在此报告了一项实验研究，该研究采用双相水/MIBK 系统以及由 HCl 和 AlCl3 组成的双催化剂，从具有代表性的红色大型藻类中批量获得 HMF。基于进料中的 C6 糖，最高的 HMF 收率为 64.0 摩尔%，相当于 37.9 % 的碳收率（30 分钟，153 °C，0.04 M 的 AlCl3 和 0.04 M 的 HCl，5 wt% 的大型藻类（Eucheuma cottonii，EC），摄入水）。根据反应过程中液相中发现的主要和次要产物，提出了涉及 D-半乳糖和 3,6-脱水-D-半乳糖的反应网络。使用统计方法对实验数据进行了建模，实验结果与模型之间获得了良好的一致性。根据模型预测，温度对 HMF 产量有显著影响。还利用适当的动力学模型对数据进行了建模，并利用动力学模型对 EC 的批量处理进行了优化。

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引用次数: 0

Nanoarchitectonics of hierarchical porous biochars from heavy bio-oil by coupling calcium salts assisted template carbonization and K2CO3 activation for high-performance supercapacitors 通过钙盐辅助模板碳化和 K2CO3 活化耦合从重生物油中提取分层多孔生物炭的纳米结构，用于高性能超级电容器

IF 5.8 2区生物学 Q1 AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

Biomass & Bioenergy

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2024.107470

Haonan Zhu , Yansheng Wu , Haoran Chen , Hong Zhang , Xin Guo , Xun Hu , Shu Zhang , Wenran Gao

Biochar derived from biomass has shown potential as electrode materials for supercapacitors, but controlling its pore structure is a challenge. Additionally, coking issues have limited the industrial application of heavy bio-oil, which could be used to prepare carbonous biochar as a substitute for biomass. Herein, to widen the utilization of bio-oil and to control the pore structure, this study introduces a novel approach to utilize heavy bio-oil and regulate pore structure by combining the hard template method and activation method, in which calcium citrate tetrahydrate (CCT), calcium acetate and calcium carbonate act as templates and K₂CO₃ acts as activator. Through CCT-assisted template carbonization at 700 °C and K₂CO₃ activation with a mass ratio of 1:2, a hierarchical porous biochar (CCT-700–1:2) with a specific surface area of 2213.09 m² g⁻¹ was successfully synthesized. The CCT-700–1:2 electrode shows outstanding capacitive performance with a specific capacitance of 213.86 F g⁻¹ at 0.5 A. The assembled solid-state symmetric supercapacitor displays impressive rate capability, maintaining the capacity retention ratio being 69.7 % at 20 A g⁻¹. Furthermore, it demonstrates exceptional cycle stability and the capacitance retention is around 98 % even after 60,000 cycles. The symmetric supercapacitors also show the high energy density being 16.36 W h kg⁻¹ at 250 W kg⁻¹. This study presents a hopeful method for producing sustainable carbon materials by bio-oil used as energy storage devices, enhancing the potential utilizations of biomass derived products in the area of supercapacitors.

从生物质中提取的生物炭已显示出作为超级电容器电极材料的潜力，但控制其孔隙结构是一项挑战。此外，焦化问题也限制了重质生物油的工业应用，而重质生物油可以用来制备碳质生物炭，作为生物质的替代品。在此，为了拓宽生物油的利用范围并控制其孔隙结构，本研究介绍了一种利用重质生物油并调节孔隙结构的新方法，该方法结合了硬模板法和活化法，其中柠檬酸钙四水合物（CCT）、醋酸钙和碳酸钙作为模板，K2CO3 作为活化剂。通过 700 °C 下的 CCT 辅助模板碳化和质量比为 1:2 的 K2CO3 活化，成功合成了比表面积为 2213.09 m2 g-1 的分层多孔生物炭（CCT-700-1:2）。CCT-700-1:2 电极显示出出色的电容性能，0.5 A 时的比电容为 213.86 F g-1。此外，它还表现出卓越的循环稳定性，即使在循环 60,000 次后，电容保持率仍高达 98%。对称超级电容器还显示出较高的能量密度，在 250 W kg-1 时为 16.36 W h kg-1。这项研究提出了一种利用生物油生产可持续碳材料的方法，可用作储能装置，从而提高了生物质衍生产品在超级电容器领域的潜在利用率。

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