Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107684
Fuwang Wu , Shuo Yuan , Wenshang Ma , Wenbin Lei , Yubo Han , Yudong Peng
With the extensive use of traditional energy, the structure of human energy consumption needs to be adjusted. Microalgae is a promising clean energy source, and growth model simulation is an effective method to predict the yield of large-scale microalgae culture and improve the production efficiency of microalgae. In this study, the effects of different artificial bioreactor depths on microalgae production were studied in depth by using numerical simulation, using and verifying the growth model of microalgae. Through research, it was found that when the depth of artificial bioreactor was shallow, the maximum microalgae production per unit volume was usually at the place where the initial inorganic nitrogen concentration was maximum, and when the depth was deeper, with the increase of the depth, The initial inorganic nitrogen concentration corresponding to the maximum yield of microalgae per unit volume is decreasing. It is suggested that the dilution rate of the culture medium can be controlled in the range of 0 to 0.005 d−1 to obtain better production results, which can be used to guide the practice of microalgae production.
{"title":"The depth-dependent study of microalgae growth under continuous culture conditions at different depths was considered","authors":"Fuwang Wu , Shuo Yuan , Wenshang Ma , Wenbin Lei , Yubo Han , Yudong Peng","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107684","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107684","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the extensive use of traditional energy, the structure of human energy consumption needs to be adjusted. Microalgae is a promising clean energy source, and growth model simulation is an effective method to predict the yield of large-scale microalgae culture and improve the production efficiency of microalgae. In this study, the effects of different artificial bioreactor depths on microalgae production were studied in depth by using numerical simulation, using and verifying the growth model of microalgae. Through research, it was found that when the depth of artificial bioreactor was shallow, the maximum microalgae production per unit volume was usually at the place where the initial inorganic nitrogen concentration was maximum, and when the depth was deeper, with the increase of the depth, The initial inorganic nitrogen concentration corresponding to the maximum yield of microalgae per unit volume is decreasing. It is suggested that the dilution rate of the culture medium can be controlled in the range of 0 to 0.005 d<sup>−1</sup> to obtain better production results, which can be used to guide the practice of microalgae production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107684"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research explored and compared different methods for extracting phyto compounds from Bauhinia variegata leaves. The study evaluated the performance of shaking water extraction (SWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to identify the most effective technique. UAE outperformed MAE and SWE, yielding the highest yield of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (measured via DPPH and FRAP assays). The optimal UAE conditions (300 W power, 30 min extraction, 1:15 solid-to-liquid ratio, pH 5.5) produced 69.97 ± 0.38 mg GAE/g TPC, 38.77 ± 0.20 mg QE/g TFC, and strong antioxidant activity (DPPH 29.44 ± 0.68 mg TE/g and FRAP 34.26 ± 0.24 mg TE/g). SEM confirmed superior cell disruption by UAE, enhancing extraction efficiency. HPLC identified key phenolic compounds, including caffeic acid (742.87 ± 6.85 ppm), quercetin (543.92 ± 18.14 ppm), and p-coumaric acid (498.36 ± 17.07 ppm), while GC-MS revealed α-methylmannofuranoside (41.65 % relative peak area) as the major volatile compound. These results highlight the UAE's effectiveness in extracting bioactive compounds from Bauhinia variegata leaves for food and industrial applications.
{"title":"Recovery of high-value components from Bauhinia variegata leaves using ultrasound-microwave-assisted extraction technique","authors":"Gagan Dip , Poonam Aggarwal , Aakriti Kapoor , Sumit Grover , Sukhpreet Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research explored and compared different methods for extracting phyto compounds from <em>Bauhinia variegata</em> leaves. The study evaluated the performance of shaking water extraction (SWE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) to identify the most effective technique. UAE outperformed MAE and SWE, yielding the highest yield of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (measured via DPPH and FRAP assays). The optimal UAE conditions (300 W power, 30 min extraction, 1:15 solid-to-liquid ratio, pH 5.5) produced 69.97 ± 0.38 mg GAE/g TPC, 38.77 ± 0.20 mg QE/g TFC, and strong antioxidant activity (DPPH 29.44 ± 0.68 mg TE/g and FRAP 34.26 ± 0.24 mg TE/g). SEM confirmed superior cell disruption by UAE, enhancing extraction efficiency. HPLC identified key phenolic compounds, including caffeic acid (742.87 ± 6.85 ppm), quercetin (543.92 ± 18.14 ppm), and p-coumaric acid (498.36 ± 17.07 ppm), while GC-MS revealed α-methylmannofuranoside (41.65 % relative peak area) as the major volatile compound. These results highlight the UAE's effectiveness in extracting bioactive compounds from <em>Bauhinia variegata</em> leaves for food and industrial applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107709"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143402024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107702
Sofia Tisocco , James J. Lenehan , Xinmin Zhan , Paul Crosson
Integrating anaerobic digestion (AD) into agriculture can support carbon neutrality and circular bioeconomy. However, economic benefits for stakeholders are crucial for implementing full-scale AD. This study assessed the financial implications of producing grass silage for AD on beef farms. It also assessed the financial viability of full-scale AD plants co-digesting grass silage and cattle slurry for biomethane, focusing on competitive grass silage pricing and support schemes. Results indicate that a grass silage price of €245/t dry matter (DM) is needed for competitiveness with beef production; this requires a biomethane certificate price of €0.12/kWh for the AD plant. At current prices (€0.098/kWh), the AD plant could afford €164/t DM for silage, requiring farm subsidies of €893/ha to cover price gaps. Methane yield of AD silage, along with biomethane certificate and silage prices, are key variables affecting the 20-year net present value of the AD plant. This study underscores the government's critical role in fostering a low-carbon livestock sector.
{"title":"Financial assessment of integrating anaerobic digestion with cattle farming for biomethane production – Implications for farm economics and the supply chain","authors":"Sofia Tisocco , James J. Lenehan , Xinmin Zhan , Paul Crosson","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Integrating anaerobic digestion (AD) into agriculture can support carbon neutrality and circular bioeconomy. However, economic benefits for stakeholders are crucial for implementing full-scale AD. This study assessed the financial implications of producing grass silage for AD on beef farms. It also assessed the financial viability of full-scale AD plants co-digesting grass silage and cattle slurry for biomethane, focusing on competitive grass silage pricing and support schemes. Results indicate that a grass silage price of €245/t dry matter (DM) is needed for competitiveness with beef production; this requires a biomethane certificate price of €0.12/kWh for the AD plant. At current prices (€0.098/kWh), the AD plant could afford €164/t DM for silage, requiring farm subsidies of €893/ha to cover price gaps. Methane yield of AD silage, along with biomethane certificate and silage prices, are key variables affecting the 20-year net present value of the AD plant. This study underscores the government's critical role in fostering a low-carbon livestock sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107702"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-13DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107693
László Fülöp
The primary component of hemicellulose is xylan and its derivatives, which represent a significant abundance of natural polymers on Earth. The activity of xylanases can be inhibited by natural oligosaccharides. The findings of the molecular modeling and docking experiments lend support to the hypothesis that three xylanase enzymes, which are taxonomically distinct and exhibit disparate sequences and three-dimensional structures, are similarly inhibited by natural oligosaccharides. Non-branched (linear) oligosaccharides exert a competitive inhibitory effect on the activity of xylanases. Even at low concentrations, branched oligosaccharides inhibit xylanase activity in a non-competitive manner, even at low concentrations. Oligosaccharides comprising a minimum number of subunits (triose, tetrose, and pentose) exert a particularly potent inhibitory effect on the activity of xylanases. The new results offer a molecular rationale for the findings reported in previously published scientific and industrial communications in peer-reviewed journals. The future of this field of research lies in a symbiotic relationship between theoretical and practical experimentation, which represents a promising avenue for research that can advance and establish environmental protection. The characterized inhibitors produced during the degradation of biomass have been demonstrated to reduce the effective hydrolysis of biomass, thereby preventing the optimal extraction of the energy inherent in the biomass. The recovery of energy from biomass can be enhanced by the removal of the inhibitors or the mitigation of their effects.
{"title":"The inhibition of xylanase enzymes by oligosaccharides produced during the degradation of biopolymers in biomass","authors":"László Fülöp","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary component of hemicellulose is xylan and its derivatives, which represent a significant abundance of natural polymers on Earth. The activity of xylanases can be inhibited by natural oligosaccharides. The findings of the molecular modeling and docking experiments lend support to the hypothesis that three xylanase enzymes, which are taxonomically distinct and exhibit disparate sequences and three-dimensional structures, are similarly inhibited by natural oligosaccharides. Non-branched (linear) oligosaccharides exert a competitive inhibitory effect on the activity of xylanases. Even at low concentrations, branched oligosaccharides inhibit xylanase activity in a non-competitive manner, even at low concentrations. Oligosaccharides comprising a minimum number of subunits (triose, tetrose, and pentose) exert a particularly potent inhibitory effect on the activity of xylanases. The new results offer a molecular rationale for the findings reported in previously published scientific and industrial communications in peer-reviewed journals. The future of this field of research lies in a symbiotic relationship between theoretical and practical experimentation, which represents a promising avenue for research that can advance and establish environmental protection. The characterized inhibitors produced during the degradation of biomass have been demonstrated to reduce the effective hydrolysis of biomass, thereby preventing the optimal extraction of the energy inherent in the biomass. The recovery of energy from biomass can be enhanced by the removal of the inhibitors or the mitigation of their effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107693"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The valorization of biomass into chemicals has emerged as an appealing approach for utilizing biomass as a renewable feedstock. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-mediated solvothermal strategy was employed to synthesize a bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst for the conversion of glucose to formic acid. The impact of DES-based solvent systems on the morphology, valence states, and catalytic performance of the catalyst were systematically examined. Experimental results demonstrated that at the same reaction conditions (150 °C, 3 h), the catalyst prepared using DES achieved a formic acid yield of 63.63 %, significantly surpassing the 50.37 % yield obtained with catalysts synthesized through conventional hydrothermal methods. Under optimal conditions of reacting at 150 °C for 5 h, maximum formic acid yield of 65.17 % was attained with DES-mediated catalyst. Characterization underscored the crucial role of DES in promoting the construction of uniform nanospheres and in reducing the manganese valence state from +2.69 to +2.30, which serves as the primary active site. Mechanistic studies identified two main pathways governing the glucose-to-formic acid conversion: (i) a direct conversion route from glucose to formic acid and (ii) an initial isomerization of glucose to fructose, followed by the conversion of fructose into formic acid.
{"title":"Enhanced glucose conversion to formic acid with deep eutectic solvents-mediated bimetallic oxides: Morphology and valence state regulation","authors":"Hejuan Wu , Hongrui Guo , Boxiong Shen , Xiao Zhang , Feng Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107698","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107698","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The valorization of biomass into chemicals has emerged as an appealing approach for utilizing biomass as a renewable feedstock. In this study, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-mediated solvothermal strategy was employed to synthesize a bimetallic nanoparticle catalyst for the conversion of glucose to formic acid. The impact of DES-based solvent systems on the morphology, valence states, and catalytic performance of the catalyst were systematically examined. Experimental results demonstrated that at the same reaction conditions (150 °C, 3 h), the catalyst prepared using DES achieved a formic acid yield of 63.63 %, significantly surpassing the 50.37 % yield obtained with catalysts synthesized through conventional hydrothermal methods. Under optimal conditions of reacting at 150 °C for 5 h, maximum formic acid yield of 65.17 % was attained with DES-mediated catalyst. Characterization underscored the crucial role of DES in promoting the construction of uniform nanospheres and in reducing the manganese valence state from +2.69 to +2.30, which serves as the primary active site. Mechanistic studies identified two main pathways governing the glucose-to-formic acid conversion: (i) a direct conversion route from glucose to formic acid and (ii) an initial isomerization of glucose to fructose, followed by the conversion of fructose into formic acid.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107698"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143388444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107683
Laksamee Jeanmard , Wichitpan Rongwong , Yusuf Chisti
This review is concerned with the production of levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid; CH3C(O)C2H4C(O)OH) from lignocellulosic biomass, and its use as a platform chemical for making other chemical products. In principle, levulinic acid can be made from many carbohydrate feedstocks; however, the focus here is on the oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber as the main feedstock. Levulinic acid production from this feedstock is compared with production from some of the other common biomass feedstocks. Levulinic acid is a precursor for diverse other useful chemicals including solvents, plastics, agrochemicals, fragrances, and plasticizers. Direct transformation of levulinic acid into multiple value-added chemicals using several different types of chemical reactions is discussed. The reactions covered include hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, condensation, and multi-step syntheses. The conversion of levulinic acid, and the yield of the desired products from the various reaction schemes, are compared. Recommendations are made for enhancing the levulinic acid conversion to the sought products.
{"title":"Biomass-derived levulinic acid as a platform chemical for making diverse products","authors":"Laksamee Jeanmard , Wichitpan Rongwong , Yusuf Chisti","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107683","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107683","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review is concerned with the production of levulinic acid (4-oxopentanoic acid; CH<sub>3</sub>C(O)C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>C(O)OH) from lignocellulosic biomass, and its use as a platform chemical for making other chemical products. In principle, levulinic acid can be made from many carbohydrate feedstocks; however, the focus here is on the oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber as the main feedstock. Levulinic acid production from this feedstock is compared with production from some of the other common biomass feedstocks. Levulinic acid is a precursor for diverse other useful chemicals including solvents, plastics, agrochemicals, fragrances, and plasticizers. Direct transformation of levulinic acid into multiple value-added chemicals using several different types of chemical reactions is discussed. The reactions covered include hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, condensation, and multi-step syntheses. The conversion of levulinic acid, and the yield of the desired products from the various reaction schemes, are compared. Recommendations are made for enhancing the levulinic acid conversion to the sought products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107683"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-12DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107700
Javier Álvarez-Valcarce , Alejandro Jiménez , Inmaculada de Dios-Pérez , Stefania Mottola , Antonio Tabernero , Eva M. Martín del Valle
Lignin is a byproduct in pulp and paper industries with a high potential for different applications, such as biomedical and environmental. Based on the previous applications, different lignins (sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate) were embedded in some polysaccharides (gellan gum or κ-carrageenan), forming a hydrogel network by taking advantage of their reversible thermal transitions. After that, hydrogels were freeze-dried to obtain a macroporous material. Rheology, FESEM, BET, FTIR, TGA, swelling and biocompatibility characterised hydrogels and the respective dried composites. Oscillatory analysis indicated that the highest storage moduli were found for the systems gellan gum-calcium lignosulfonate and κ-carrageenan-sodium lignosulfonate since the interactions between these compounds were increased depending on the different lignin cations. The respective infrared spectra confirmed the existence of electrostatic interactions (no new bonds were formed). Textural analysis showed that the composites had a macroporous structure (porosity higher than 95 %) with different pore size distributions (pores ranging from 1 to 1000 μm with a specific surface area lower than 5 m2 g−1). Hydrogels with a higher storage modulus promoted the formation of composites with a smaller pore size. In contrast, adding lignin reduced the swelling capacity of these composites (from 400 % to 1500 %) due to its hydrophobic character (although some composites showed a fast erosion). Finally, in vitro, results confirmed the biocompatibility of the most suitable composites for biomedicine. Therefore, this work demonstrated that properties (swelling and textural) of the lignin-polysaccharides composites can be tuned by controlling the viscoelastic properties of the precursor hydrogels.
{"title":"Controlling the properties of lignin-polysaccharide macroporous materials with precursors viscoelasticity","authors":"Javier Álvarez-Valcarce , Alejandro Jiménez , Inmaculada de Dios-Pérez , Stefania Mottola , Antonio Tabernero , Eva M. Martín del Valle","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lignin is a byproduct in pulp and paper industries with a high potential for different applications, such as biomedical and environmental. Based on the previous applications, different lignins (sodium lignosulfonate and calcium lignosulfonate) were embedded in some polysaccharides (gellan gum or κ-carrageenan), forming a hydrogel network by taking advantage of their reversible thermal transitions. After that, hydrogels were freeze-dried to obtain a macroporous material. Rheology, FESEM, BET, FTIR, TGA, swelling and biocompatibility characterised hydrogels and the respective dried composites. Oscillatory analysis indicated that the highest storage moduli were found for the systems gellan gum-calcium lignosulfonate and κ-carrageenan-sodium lignosulfonate since the interactions between these compounds were increased depending on the different lignin cations. The respective infrared spectra confirmed the existence of electrostatic interactions (no new bonds were formed). Textural analysis showed that the composites had a macroporous structure (porosity higher than 95 %) with different pore size distributions (pores ranging from 1 to 1000 μm with a specific surface area lower than 5 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>). Hydrogels with a higher storage modulus promoted the formation of composites with a smaller pore size. In contrast, adding lignin reduced the swelling capacity of these composites (from 400 % to 1500 %) due to its hydrophobic character (although some composites showed a fast erosion). Finally, <em>in vitro,</em> results confirmed the biocompatibility of the most suitable composites for biomedicine. Therefore, this work demonstrated that properties (swelling and textural) of the lignin-polysaccharides composites can be tuned by controlling the viscoelastic properties of the precursor hydrogels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"195 ","pages":"Article 107700"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107690
Nicolas Perciani de Moraes , Julio César Lourenço , Robson da Silva Rocha , Liana Alvares Rodrigues , Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza
This study investigated the application of cellulose/kraft lignin-derived carbon xerogels for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) electrogeneration using gas diffusion electrodes, intending to develop cost-effective and environmentally sustainable H2O2-based processes for antibiotic degradation. Electrochemical characterization revealed that increasing the proportion of kraft lignin in the xerogels enhanced selectivity towards H2O2 electrogeneration, whereas calcination at elevated temperatures caused a positive shift in the onset potential of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), indicating a reduction in the energy requirements for H₂O₂ production. These enhancements are likely related to morphological and structural modifications induced by kraft lignin incorporation into the carbon xerogel, including changes in particle morphology, an increase in specific surface area, and the development of a microporous structure. Additionally, the synthesis process introduced oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups into the carbon xerogel, which are likely linked to the high selectivity obtained for H2O2 electrogeneration. When implemented in the fabrication of gas diffusion electrodes, the optimized carbon xerogel achieved a maximum H2O2 concentration of 700 mg L−1 within 1 h of electrolysis at a current density of 100 mA cm−2. Among the techniques evaluated, the photoelectro-Fenton process demonstrated the highest efficiency for sulfamerazine removal, achieving complete degradation within 15 min and 75 % mineralization after 90 min.
{"title":"Sustainable cellulose/kraft lignin carbon xerogel applied to H2O2 electrogeneration using gas diffusion electrodes: Exploring the degradation of sulfamerazine in H2O2-based processes","authors":"Nicolas Perciani de Moraes , Julio César Lourenço , Robson da Silva Rocha , Liana Alvares Rodrigues , Marcos Roberto de Vasconcelos Lanza","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the application of cellulose/kraft lignin-derived carbon xerogels for hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) electrogeneration using gas diffusion electrodes, intending to develop cost-effective and environmentally sustainable H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-based processes for antibiotic degradation. Electrochemical characterization revealed that increasing the proportion of kraft lignin in the xerogels enhanced selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogeneration, whereas calcination at elevated temperatures caused a positive shift in the onset potential of the oxygen reduction reactions (ORR), indicating a reduction in the energy requirements for H₂O₂ production. These enhancements are likely related to morphological and structural modifications induced by kraft lignin incorporation into the carbon xerogel, including changes in particle morphology, an increase in specific surface area, and the development of a microporous structure. Additionally, the synthesis process introduced oxygen and nitrogen-containing functional groups into the carbon xerogel, which are likely linked to the high selectivity obtained for H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> electrogeneration. When implemented in the fabrication of gas diffusion electrodes, the optimized carbon xerogel achieved a maximum H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration of 700 mg L<sup>−1</sup> within 1 h of electrolysis at a current density of 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>. Among the techniques evaluated, the photoelectro-Fenton process demonstrated the highest efficiency for sulfamerazine removal, achieving complete degradation within 15 min and 75 % mineralization after 90 min.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107690"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107696
Xiao-Wei Yu , Yan-Jun Li , Yu-Hong Kang , Juan Gao , Pei-Lin Yang , Guang-Hui Liu , Shou-Long Gong , Xiao-Yu Kang , Yong Gao , Xian-Yong Wei , Wei Lu
Improving polycyclic alkanes (PCAs) selectivity by controlling the functional active sites of metal-acid at nanoscale for catalyzing hydroconversion of biomass is of great important in sustainable chemical industry. Herein, 10Ni-4Co@NHZ-5-AT with synergistic metal centers and Lewis acidic sites (LASs) was successfully prepared by a simple two-stage strategy. The characterization results indicated that removal Al or/and Si atoms of nano-HZSM-5 crystals through alkali-treatment could obtain the NHZ-5-AT with rough surface, more crystal defects, and strong LASs, which can improve the dispersion of Ni-Co active phases to enhance the catalytic hydroconversion performance. As a demonstration, the yields of derived PCAs (all dimers and trimers) from benzyoxybenzene (BOB) are as high as 85.2 mol% at 200 °C under 5 MPa initial H2 pressure (IHP) for 100 min. Correspondingly, the electrostatic potential distribution of BOB and derived monomers through DFT calculation indicates that > Car-OH in aromatic intermediates with multiple accessible sites is prone to bind with benzylium or benzyl radical fragments, which speculated that PACs are mainly produced from C-C coupling by inducing cation/radical fragments to activate aromatic α-C over Ni-Co@NHZ-5-AT. Especially, Ni-Co@NHZ-5-AT catalyst with synergistic Ni-Co centers and LASs can activate H2 to H…H, δ+H…Hδ−, H+, and H· to facilitate the catalytic hydroconversion of BOB to obtain PACs via multiple cascade reaction steps. These findings inspired the exploration the metal-acid bifunctional catalysts for conversion of biomass to high-density liquid fuels.
{"title":"Enhanced synergistic effect of acidity and active phase for Ni-Co@NHZ-5-AT on hydroconversion of benzyoxybenzene to polycyclic alkanes","authors":"Xiao-Wei Yu , Yan-Jun Li , Yu-Hong Kang , Juan Gao , Pei-Lin Yang , Guang-Hui Liu , Shou-Long Gong , Xiao-Yu Kang , Yong Gao , Xian-Yong Wei , Wei Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107696","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Improving polycyclic alkanes (PCAs) selectivity by controlling the functional active sites of metal-acid at nanoscale for catalyzing hydroconversion of biomass is of great important in sustainable chemical industry. Herein, 10Ni-4Co@NHZ-5-AT with synergistic metal centers and Lewis acidic sites (<em>LASs</em>) was successfully prepared by a simple two-stage strategy. The characterization results indicated that removal Al or/and Si atoms of nano-HZSM-5 crystals through alkali-treatment could obtain the NHZ-5-AT with rough surface, more crystal defects, and strong <em>LASs</em>, which can improve the dispersion of Ni-Co active phases to enhance the catalytic hydroconversion performance. As a demonstration, the yields of derived PCAs (all dimers and trimers) from benzyoxybenzene (BOB) are as high as 85.2 mol% at 200 °C under 5 MPa initial H<sub>2</sub> pressure (IHP) for 100 min. Correspondingly, the electrostatic potential distribution of BOB and derived monomers through DFT calculation indicates that > C<sub>ar</sub>-OH in aromatic intermediates with multiple accessible sites is prone to bind with benzylium or benzyl radical fragments, which speculated that PACs are mainly produced from C-C coupling by inducing cation/radical fragments to activate aromatic α-C over Ni-Co@NHZ-5-AT. Especially, Ni-Co@NHZ-5-AT catalyst with synergistic Ni-Co centers and <em>LASs</em> can activate H<sub>2</sub> to H<sup>…</sup>H, <sup>δ+</sup>H<sup>…</sup>H<sup>δ−</sup>, H<sup>+</sup>, and H· to facilitate the catalytic hydroconversion of BOB to obtain PACs <em>via</em> multiple cascade reaction steps. These findings inspired the exploration the metal-acid bifunctional catalysts for conversion of biomass to high-density liquid fuels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107696"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143379423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107699
Jonas De Smedt , Arthur Van Cleemput , Goedele Craye , Stef Ghysels , Wouter Marchal , Pablo J. Arauzo , Frederik Ronsse
In this work pelletized activated carbon derived from pinewood was prepared and evaluated for its potential to selectively capture CO2 from N2 in gas mixtures, addressing the need for effective carbon capture technologies. Pinewood was activated at 400 °C with a 60:20:20 mol% eutectic mixture of ZnCl2:NaCl:KCl. The resulting activated carbon was analysed for its surface chemistry and assessed as a CO2 adsorbent at different temperatures, pressures and gas compositions. The highest CO2 adsorption capacity was reached at 25 °C and a CO2 concentration of 20 V%, with adsorption decreasing at higher temperatures and lower CO2 concentrations. The Avrami model showed the best fit to kinetic data, indicating the complexity of the adsorption process and accounting for both chemisorption and physisorption. Equilibrium data were best described by the Hill-de Boer model, suggesting the presence of mobile transport on the activated carbon surface and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. The Z-parameter, accounting for the interactions between adsorbates, was greater than zero, indicating that repulsion between CO2 molecules occurred. The theoretical selectivity, based on the adsorption isotherms for CO2 and N2, reached a maximum of 87.16 for a CO2 concentration of 10 V%, and decreased with increasing CO2 concentration. The experimental selectivity, based on equilibrium adsorption data, allowed to account for competition between CO2 and N2 for active sites and to investigate the influence of pressure on the CO2 selectivity. The obtained selectivity's were significantly lower than the theoretical values. The highest selectivity of 13.83 was obtained at a pressure of 861 kPa.
{"title":"Separation of CO2 from different CO2/N2 mixtures using molten salt-derived pelletized activated carbon","authors":"Jonas De Smedt , Arthur Van Cleemput , Goedele Craye , Stef Ghysels , Wouter Marchal , Pablo J. Arauzo , Frederik Ronsse","doi":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biombioe.2025.107699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this work pelletized activated carbon derived from pinewood was prepared and evaluated for its potential to selectively capture CO<sub>2</sub> from N<sub>2</sub> in gas mixtures, addressing the need for effective carbon capture technologies. Pinewood was activated at 400 °C with a 60:20:20 mol% eutectic mixture of ZnCl<sub>2</sub>:NaCl:KCl. The resulting activated carbon was analysed for its surface chemistry and assessed as a CO<sub>2</sub> adsorbent at different temperatures, pressures and gas compositions. The highest CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption capacity was reached at 25 °C and a CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of 20 V%, with adsorption decreasing at higher temperatures and lower CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations. The Avrami model showed the best fit to kinetic data, indicating the complexity of the adsorption process and accounting for both chemisorption and physisorption. Equilibrium data were best described by the Hill-de Boer model, suggesting the presence of mobile transport on the activated carbon surface and adsorbate-adsorbate interactions. The Z-parameter, accounting for the interactions between adsorbates, was greater than zero, indicating that repulsion between CO<sub>2</sub> molecules occurred. The theoretical selectivity, based on the adsorption isotherms for CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>, reached a maximum of 87.16 for a CO<sub>2</sub> concentration of 10 V%, and decreased with increasing CO<sub>2</sub> concentration. The experimental selectivity, based on equilibrium adsorption data, allowed to account for competition between CO<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub> for active sites and to investigate the influence of pressure on the CO<sub>2</sub> selectivity. The obtained selectivity's were significantly lower than the theoretical values. The highest selectivity of 13.83 was obtained at a pressure of 861 kPa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":253,"journal":{"name":"Biomass & Bioenergy","volume":"194 ","pages":"Article 107699"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143377481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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