André Cardoso, Hatice K Gonçalves, Guilherme Deola Borges, Ana Pombeiro, Ana Colim, P. Carneiro, P. Arezes
The increased automation of the car manufacturing process, in which much of the assembly has been delegated from man to machine, has done much to relieve workers of the burden of heavy lifting. However, despite ergonomic improvements in the workplace, many jobs still require workers to perform repetitive tasks [1]. In the automotive industry, Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) are one of the most common occupational problems due to repetitive working tasks. Workers that perform manual work are often prone to awkward postures, repetitive movements, forceful exertions, and overextensions, which are some of the main factors for the arising of WMSD [2]. Besides, these work-related factors, also the personal factors contribute to the occurrence of this kind of injury, making WMSD a complex condition that involves contributions from many factors [3,4]. The current study aims to compare different observational methods commonly used to assess the WMSD risk in repetitive tasks. To accomplish this goal a case of study in assembly workstation of an automotive company in Portugal was applied. It was selected methods that are widely used by ergonomists and are validated for implementation in the industry [5,6]. Therefore, the following methods were applied to an assembly workstation: (i) Rapid Upper-Limb Assessment (RULA), (ii) Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA), (ii) Key Indicator Method – Manual Handling Operations (KIM-MHO), and (iv) Revised Strain Index (RSI) This multi-method approach was very important, as it allowed for a more comprehensive assessment, which will support the proposals for improvement The results show that workstation present a considerable WMSD risk in 3 of 4 methods applied. These results suggest that a change to the workstation is necessary. A possible solution would be to implement a Human-robot collaboration solution, in order to reduce the physical demands associated with repetitive movements [7] to which workers are subjected. [1]Spallek, M.; Kuhn, W.; Uibel, S.; Van Mark, A.; Quarcoo, D. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Automotive Industry Due to Repetitive Work - Implications for Rehabilitation. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2010, 5 (1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-5-6.[2]Naik, G.; Khan, M. R. Prevalence of MSDs and Postural Risk Assessment in Floor Mopping Activity Through Subjective and Objective Measures. Saf. Health Work 2020, 11 (1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.005.[3]Park, J.; Kim, Y.; Han, B. Work Sectors with High Risk for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Men and Women. Saf. Health Work 2018, 9 (1), 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.06.005.[4]Thetkathuek, A.; Meepradit, P.; Sa-ngiamsak, T. A Cross-Sectional Study of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Risk Factors in Cambodian Fruit Farm Workers in Eastern Region, Thailand. Saf. Health Work 2018, 9 (2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.06.009.[5]Dempsey, P. G.; Mcgorry, R. W.; Maynard, W. S
{"title":"Comparison of observational ergonomic methods: a case study in the automotive industry","authors":"André Cardoso, Hatice K Gonçalves, Guilherme Deola Borges, Ana Pombeiro, Ana Colim, P. Carneiro, P. Arezes","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1002650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002650","url":null,"abstract":"The increased automation of the car manufacturing process, in which much of the assembly has been delegated from man to machine, has done much to relieve workers of the burden of heavy lifting. However, despite ergonomic improvements in the workplace, many jobs still require workers to perform repetitive tasks [1]. In the automotive industry, Work-related Musculoskeletal Disorders (WMSD) are one of the most common occupational problems due to repetitive working tasks. Workers that perform manual work are often prone to awkward postures, repetitive movements, forceful exertions, and overextensions, which are some of the main factors for the arising of WMSD [2]. Besides, these work-related factors, also the personal factors contribute to the occurrence of this kind of injury, making WMSD a complex condition that involves contributions from many factors [3,4]. The current study aims to compare different observational methods commonly used to assess the WMSD risk in repetitive tasks. To accomplish this goal a case of study in assembly workstation of an automotive company in Portugal was applied. It was selected methods that are widely used by ergonomists and are validated for implementation in the industry [5,6]. Therefore, the following methods were applied to an assembly workstation: (i) Rapid Upper-Limb Assessment (RULA), (ii) Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA), (ii) Key Indicator Method – Manual Handling Operations (KIM-MHO), and (iv) Revised Strain Index (RSI) This multi-method approach was very important, as it allowed for a more comprehensive assessment, which will support the proposals for improvement The results show that workstation present a considerable WMSD risk in 3 of 4 methods applied. These results suggest that a change to the workstation is necessary. A possible solution would be to implement a Human-robot collaboration solution, in order to reduce the physical demands associated with repetitive movements [7] to which workers are subjected. [1]Spallek, M.; Kuhn, W.; Uibel, S.; Van Mark, A.; Quarcoo, D. Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in the Automotive Industry Due to Repetitive Work - Implications for Rehabilitation. J. Occup. Med. Toxicol. 2010, 5 (1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1186/1745-6673-5-6.[2]Naik, G.; Khan, M. R. Prevalence of MSDs and Postural Risk Assessment in Floor Mopping Activity Through Subjective and Objective Measures. Saf. Health Work 2020, 11 (1), 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.005.[3]Park, J.; Kim, Y.; Han, B. Work Sectors with High Risk for Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Korean Men and Women. Saf. Health Work 2018, 9 (1), 75–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.06.005.[4]Thetkathuek, A.; Meepradit, P.; Sa-ngiamsak, T. A Cross-Sectional Study of Musculoskeletal Symptoms and Risk Factors in Cambodian Fruit Farm Workers in Eastern Region, Thailand. Saf. Health Work 2018, 9 (2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.shaw.2017.06.009.[5]Dempsey, P. G.; Mcgorry, R. W.; Maynard, W. S","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115235811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern buildings are complex systems which have been in continuous interaction with man, for whom they are living and working environment. An important aspect of this interaction is the visual perception of the building and its relation to the natural environment. This is closely related to the evolution of architectural form and structural system of the building. The capabilities of the process of shaping the form are very much determined by the possibilities of adequate modeling of the building and the exchange of information between the participants of the investment process. Support for the modeling of buildings by means of using computer technology and numerical methods allowed to change the adopted aesthetic paradigm in architecture. One of the consequences of this development is the spread of organic forms, for which an obvious choice of the basic structural material has become concrete. It allows the formation of structural forms that previously could not be realized. However, technological limitations associated with the implementation of spatially complex concrete elements caused that after the initial enthusiasm, there has been a decline in their use. New opportunities offered by the application in the production of these structural elements of the flexible membranes made of technical textiles opens up a new perspective for the design of objects with forms integrated with the natural environment.
{"title":"Toward Environmental Compatibility of Structural Forms","authors":"R. Tarczewski","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100112","url":null,"abstract":"Modern buildings are complex systems which have been in continuous interaction with man, for whom they are living and working environment. An important aspect of this interaction is the visual perception of the building and its relation to the natural environment. This is closely related to the evolution of architectural form and structural system of the building. The capabilities of the process of shaping the form are very much determined by the possibilities of adequate modeling of the building and the exchange of information between the participants of the investment process. Support for the modeling of buildings by means of using computer technology and numerical methods allowed to change the adopted aesthetic paradigm in architecture. One of the consequences of this development is the spread of organic forms, for which an obvious choice of the basic structural material has become concrete. It allows the formation of structural forms that previously could not be realized. However, technological limitations associated with the implementation of spatially complex concrete elements caused that after the initial enthusiasm, there has been a decline in their use. New opportunities offered by the application in the production of these structural elements of the flexible membranes made of technical textiles opens up a new perspective for the design of objects with forms integrated with the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115561119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Okkonen, Matti Jalava, H. Mansikka, Jaakko Hakulinen, M. Turunen
Maintaining situational awareness in time-critical operation control is an omni-dimensional optimization problem. For excellent situational awareness, complete information with sufficient time to process it is prerequisite. Making sound judgement with limited time the flight controllers suffer poor information ergonomics as demanding situations cause cognitive load as. In this normative paper, the results of a pilot study on artificial intelligence powered and extended reality decision support information system. The paper elaborates further the previous research on the setting.
{"title":"Cognitive Dissonance Affecting Information Ergonomics in AI Supported Situational Awareness Context","authors":"J. Okkonen, Matti Jalava, H. Mansikka, Jaakko Hakulinen, M. Turunen","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100855","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining situational awareness in time-critical operation control is an omni-dimensional optimization problem. For excellent situational awareness, complete information with sufficient time to process it is prerequisite. Making sound judgement with limited time the flight controllers suffer poor information ergonomics as demanding situations cause cognitive load as. In this normative paper, the results of a pilot study on artificial intelligence powered and extended reality decision support information system. The paper elaborates further the previous research on the setting.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115819296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Kravchenko, I. Zherebko, Hennadii Rzhevsky, V. Stanishevskaya, Olha Kozak
The actualization of the development of inclusive tourism is enhanced by the fact that for people with disabilities tourism is not only a means of recreation and rehabilitation, promotes the activation of motor functions and support of physical fitness, but also a source, creating an environment for full interaction and elimination of feelings of inferiority, that in turn mobilizes mental health resources and restores the psycho-emotional mood of a person, and therefore, increases the level of his/her self-esteem and self-significance. The article examines possible ways of developing inclusive tourism as a social service for people with disabilities. The state of the provision of rehabilitation services for people with disabilities to improve the level of full-quality life has been determined, and the feasibility of providing rehabilitation services through inclusive tourism among social field professionals. Recommendations for the development and implementation of inclusive tourism as a social service for people with disabilities are offered.
{"title":"Іnclusive Tourism as an Innovative Social Service for People with Disabilities: Recommendations for Implementation","authors":"O. Kravchenko, I. Zherebko, Hennadii Rzhevsky, V. Stanishevskaya, Olha Kozak","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100906","url":null,"abstract":"The actualization of the development of inclusive tourism is enhanced by the fact that for people with disabilities tourism is not only a means of recreation and rehabilitation, promotes the activation of motor functions and support of physical fitness, but also a source, creating an environment for full interaction and elimination of feelings of inferiority, that in turn mobilizes mental health resources and restores the psycho-emotional mood of a person, and therefore, increases the level of his/her self-esteem and self-significance. The article examines possible ways of developing inclusive tourism as a social service for people with disabilities. The state of the provision of rehabilitation services for people with disabilities to improve the level of full-quality life has been determined, and the feasibility of providing rehabilitation services through inclusive tourism among social field professionals. Recommendations for the development and implementation of inclusive tourism as a social service for people with disabilities are offered.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"362 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124555506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dimmy Van Dongen, F. Guldenmund, J. Groeneweg, Irene Grossmann, P. Roelofsma, N. Luijcks
Of all the events that contribute to deaths due to preventable medical errors in healthcare, ineffective communication is one of the most frequently identifiedprimary causes. Failure to speak up or to get others to listen is part of this ineffective communication. Therefore, speaking up behavior of healthcare workers is seen as an important factor to improve patient safety. However, more research is needed to understand 1) the most important influencing factors of speaking up behavior, 2) what kind of speaking up behavior is used and is most effective in preventing adverse events and 3) what is the role of the receiver and the work environment.
{"title":"Learning from speaking up by learning to speak up","authors":"Dimmy Van Dongen, F. Guldenmund, J. Groeneweg, Irene Grossmann, P. Roelofsma, N. Luijcks","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1002633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002633","url":null,"abstract":"Of all the events that contribute to deaths due to preventable medical errors in healthcare, ineffective communication is one of the most frequently identifiedprimary causes. Failure to speak up or to get others to listen is part of this ineffective communication. Therefore, speaking up behavior of healthcare workers is seen as an important factor to improve patient safety. However, more research is needed to understand 1) the most important influencing factors of speaking up behavior, 2) what kind of speaking up behavior is used and is most effective in preventing adverse events and 3) what is the role of the receiver and the work environment.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117261188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Healthcare architecture has become an increasingly specialized field, marked by a complex interaction between people, operations and the physical environment and an ever changing landscape of regulation and reimbursement. Patient safety is often considered in a behavioral context – what can someone do differently to improve outcomes? However, as a complex system of interactions, patient safety is better advanced through a systems-thinking lens of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE). Attaianese and Duca commented on the use of HFE principles in design, stating that, “when the system is the built environment, the systemic approach requires that designers move from an attention exclusively reserved for building functions towards the set of actions that users actually perform and that building has to support.” This paper reports the development of a proactive Safety Risk Assessment (SRA) tool which will contribute to the 2014 Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI) Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Hospitals and Outpatient Facilities. Six hazard areas have been considered as underlying conditions to injury or harm in the design of healthcare environments: 1) Hospital Associated Infections, 2) Falls/Immobility, 3) Medication Safety, 4) Patient Handling, 5) Security, and 6) Behavioral Health/Psychiatric Injury. These categories have been developed using iterative cycles of Delphi and nominal group methods to achieve consensus of categories and question sets for inclusion in the SRA.
{"title":"Designing a Tool to Support Patient Safety: Using Research to Inform a Proactive Approach to Healthcare Facility Design","authors":"E. Taylor, Anjali Joseph, Xiaobo Quan, U. Nanda","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001343","url":null,"abstract":"Healthcare architecture has become an increasingly specialized field, marked by a complex interaction between people, operations and the physical environment and an ever changing landscape of regulation and reimbursement. Patient safety is often considered in a behavioral context – what can someone do differently to improve outcomes? However, as a complex system of interactions, patient safety is better advanced through a systems-thinking lens of Human Factors/Ergonomics (HFE). Attaianese and Duca commented on the use of HFE principles in design, stating that, “when the system is the built environment, the systemic approach requires that designers move from an attention exclusively reserved for building functions towards the set of actions that users actually perform and that building has to support.” This paper reports the development of a proactive Safety Risk Assessment (SRA) tool which will contribute to the 2014 Facility Guidelines Institute (FGI) Guidelines for the Design and Construction of Hospitals and Outpatient Facilities. Six hazard areas have been considered as underlying conditions to injury or harm in the design of healthcare environments: 1) Hospital Associated Infections, 2) Falls/Immobility, 3) Medication Safety, 4) Patient Handling, 5) Security, and 6) Behavioral Health/Psychiatric Injury. These categories have been developed using iterative cycles of Delphi and nominal group methods to achieve consensus of categories and question sets for inclusion in the SRA.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123554378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During COVID-19 pandemic, schools worldwide were compelled to embrace remote classrooms, relying more heavily on Digital and Social Media (DSM) to deliver lessons. This paper suggests a website as a digital solution, and it provides an insight from teachers and students’ perceptions on utilizing it by investigating the impacts of using the website in one of Qatar preparatory schools. A qualitative approach is followed to analyze the obtained data from interviews via qualitative coding technique. The results show that students were increasingly motivated and interested in topics related to sustainability and environmental issues pertinent to the case of Qatar after posting on the website. Furthermore, findings from teachers’ perspectives reveal that the ease of sharing, commenting, and documenting students’ reflections made them more prone to use the website. The study concludes with a set of recommendations to improve DSM learning in Qatar.
{"title":"Learning Sustainability through Digital/Social Media (DSM) and its Impact on Students in Qatar","authors":"Mariem Fakih Zguir, Maryam Al-Hail, M. Koç","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100907","url":null,"abstract":"During COVID-19 pandemic, schools worldwide were compelled to embrace remote classrooms, relying more heavily on Digital and Social Media (DSM) to deliver lessons. This paper suggests a website as a digital solution, and it provides an insight from teachers and students’ perceptions on utilizing it by investigating the impacts of using the website in one of Qatar preparatory schools. A qualitative approach is followed to analyze the obtained data from interviews via qualitative coding technique. The results show that students were increasingly motivated and interested in topics related to sustainability and environmental issues pertinent to the case of Qatar after posting on the website. Furthermore, findings from teachers’ perspectives reveal that the ease of sharing, commenting, and documenting students’ reflections made them more prone to use the website. The study concludes with a set of recommendations to improve DSM learning in Qatar.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123556814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of the Internet has brought about the transformation of communication modes and user behavior. Under the influence of participatory culture, the Internet has given the public more opportunities to participate and user participation has gradually become the key to the digital communication of museums. Based on the historical process of Internet development, this paper analyzes the communication modes of digital communication in museums in the era of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0. This paper finds effective ways to expand user participation through the study of user participation in different periods and puts forward opinions and references for digital communication in museums.
{"title":"User Participation in Museum Digital Communication","authors":"Yixin Guo, Yan Wang","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003695","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the Internet has brought about the transformation of communication modes and user behavior. Under the influence of participatory culture, the Internet has given the public more opportunities to participate and user participation has gradually become the key to the digital communication of museums. Based on the historical process of Internet development, this paper analyzes the communication modes of digital communication in museums in the era of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and Web 3.0. This paper finds effective ways to expand user participation through the study of user participation in different periods and puts forward opinions and references for digital communication in museums.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123667596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To be able to meet the demographical changes and the increasing demand on resources within elder care, new digital tools are needed to an increasing extent. Implementation of new digital services demand both changes in workflow and skills in using the digital services. The feeling of being included in the process and time given for learning and introduction could affect how new digital tools are perceived by the personnel. However, time and resources for learning and support could vary between municipalities, and between units within the same municipality (Sjölinder & Mårtensson, 2021). Though both resources are limited, and it is important how new digital services are introduced to the personnel more in-depth knowledge is needed regarding which aspects that needs to be given the largest focus.With respect to older adults, there exist many assumptions and negative stereotypes regarding aging (Lagacé et al., 2015; McDonough, 2016), and about older adults as users of new digital services (Lagacé, et al, 2016; McDonough, 2016). However, many older adults today have experience from using technology and are in general positive to start to use new digital services, but as in the case with the personnel, the learning context and the time that is provided are important (Broady, 2010; Sjölinder & Mårtensson, 2021). When new digital tools are provided to the older adults by the municipality, the learning context for the older adults might be affected by the care givers time and engagement, which in turn could affect the attitudes that are conveyed to the older users about older adults as users of technology.This paper describes a qualitative study with the aim to get a deeper understanding of opportunities and challenges related to digitalization within municipalities. The focus is on how new digital tools have been implemented in the organizations, and on how it had affected care personnel and older care takers. This, in terms of how and to which extent has implementation of new digital tools changed work-related behavior and attitudes towards technology, and to which extent has it changed attitudes towards older adults as technology users.In the study, municipality managers at different levels where interviewed. They described concrete examples of digitalization based on experiences from within their own organization. Using the examples that were given, the respondents were asked questions about how the technology had been received by the personnel and the older adults; how it had affected the attitudes towards new digital tools among the care giving personnel and older adults; and how it had affected the way the personnel thought about organizational changes and changes in workflow related new digital tools. Finally, the respondents described, based on their own previous insights, the municipalities’ next steps towards digitalization, and how they wanted to use new digital tools to take their organizations further towards the future.
为了满足人口结构的变化和对老年护理资源日益增长的需求，越来越多地需要新的数字工具。实施新的数字服务需要改变工作流程和使用数字服务的技能。参与过程的感觉以及学习和介绍的时间可能会影响员工对新数字工具的看法。然而，学习和支持的时间和资源可能因城市而异，也可能因同一城市内的单位而异(Sjölinder & ma rtensson, 2021)。尽管这两方面的资源都是有限的，而且如何向员工介绍新的数字服务也很重要，但需要对哪些方面需要给予最大的关注有更深入的了解。对于老年人，存在许多关于衰老的假设和负面刻板印象(lagac等人，2015;McDonough, 2016)，以及老年人作为新数字服务用户的情况(lagac等人，2016;麦克多诺,2016)。然而，今天许多老年人都有使用技术的经验，并且总体上积极地开始使用新的数字服务，但就人员而言，学习环境和提供的时间是重要的(broad, 2010;Sjölinder & ma rtensson, 2021)。当市政当局向老年人提供新的数字工具时，老年人的学习环境可能会受到照顾者的时间和参与的影响，这反过来又可能影响向老年用户传达的关于老年人作为技术用户的态度。本文描述了一项定性研究，旨在更深入地了解与城市数字化相关的机遇和挑战。重点是如何在组织中实施新的数字工具，以及它如何影响护理人员和老年护理人员。这是关于新数字工具的实施如何以及在多大程度上改变了与工作相关的行为和对技术的态度，以及在多大程度上改变了对老年人作为技术用户的态度。在研究中，不同层次的市政管理者接受了采访。他们根据自己组织内部的经验描述了数字化的具体例子。根据给出的例子，受访者被问及有关工作人员和老年人如何接受这项技术的问题;它如何影响护理人员和老年人对新数字工具的态度;以及它是如何影响员工对组织变化的看法以及与新数字工具相关的工作流程变化。最后，受访者根据自己之前的见解，描述了市政当局走向数字化的下一步措施，以及他们希望如何使用新的数字化工具使其组织进一步走向未来。
{"title":"Digitalization in Public Care – Consequences on Workflow and Attitudes among Care Givers and Older Adults","authors":"M. Sjölinder, Å. Mårtensson","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001669","url":null,"abstract":"To be able to meet the demographical changes and the increasing demand on resources within elder care, new digital tools are needed to an increasing extent. Implementation of new digital services demand both changes in workflow and skills in using the digital services. The feeling of being included in the process and time given for learning and introduction could affect how new digital tools are perceived by the personnel. However, time and resources for learning and support could vary between municipalities, and between units within the same municipality (Sjölinder & Mårtensson, 2021). Though both resources are limited, and it is important how new digital services are introduced to the personnel more in-depth knowledge is needed regarding which aspects that needs to be given the largest focus.With respect to older adults, there exist many assumptions and negative stereotypes regarding aging (Lagacé et al., 2015; McDonough, 2016), and about older adults as users of new digital services (Lagacé, et al, 2016; McDonough, 2016). However, many older adults today have experience from using technology and are in general positive to start to use new digital services, but as in the case with the personnel, the learning context and the time that is provided are important (Broady, 2010; Sjölinder & Mårtensson, 2021). When new digital tools are provided to the older adults by the municipality, the learning context for the older adults might be affected by the care givers time and engagement, which in turn could affect the attitudes that are conveyed to the older users about older adults as users of technology.This paper describes a qualitative study with the aim to get a deeper understanding of opportunities and challenges related to digitalization within municipalities. The focus is on how new digital tools have been implemented in the organizations, and on how it had affected care personnel and older care takers. This, in terms of how and to which extent has implementation of new digital tools changed work-related behavior and attitudes towards technology, and to which extent has it changed attitudes towards older adults as technology users.In the study, municipality managers at different levels where interviewed. They described concrete examples of digitalization based on experiences from within their own organization. Using the examples that were given, the respondents were asked questions about how the technology had been received by the personnel and the older adults; how it had affected the attitudes towards new digital tools among the care giving personnel and older adults; and how it had affected the way the personnel thought about organizational changes and changes in workflow related new digital tools. Finally, the respondents described, based on their own previous insights, the municipalities’ next steps towards digitalization, and how they wanted to use new digital tools to take their organizations further towards the future.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123985037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The project to an early childhood school started from this problematic: why do not schools offer efficient quality spaces to early childhood education? As an answer, it was suggested that the school building, besides presenting a fitting spatial solution to a pedagogical proposition, should consider playing as a very important activity in the learning process. Have been considered the hypothesis that most schools do not present appropriate environments for child education and that playful activity in a complex scholar space is essential to this process. The confirmation of these hypothesis led to an idea which embraces the human concepts of welcoming, complexity, versatility, transparence and playfulness, determinative to the project guidelines: integration with the community; open sketch/nature interaction; school as a small learning community; natural lighting and ventilation; cozy environments; walking as a learning tour; adaptability/flexibility/variety; transparence and passive supervision; architecture that teaches/sustainability; exterior spaces and playful stimulus; material, textures and colors as identity elements.
{"title":"Human Concepts Applied on School Design","authors":"Elza Cristina Santos","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100593","url":null,"abstract":"The project to an early childhood school started from this problematic: why do not schools offer efficient quality spaces to early childhood education? As an answer, it was suggested that the school building, besides presenting a fitting spatial solution to a pedagogical proposition, should consider playing as a very important activity in the learning process. Have been considered the hypothesis that most schools do not present appropriate environments for child education and that playful activity in a complex scholar space is essential to this process. The confirmation of these hypothesis led to an idea which embraces the human concepts of welcoming, complexity, versatility, transparence and playfulness, determinative to the project guidelines: integration with the community; open sketch/nature interaction; school as a small learning community; natural lighting and ventilation; cozy environments; walking as a learning tour; adaptability/flexibility/variety; transparence and passive supervision; architecture that teaches/sustainability; exterior spaces and playful stimulus; material, textures and colors as identity elements.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124696122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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