Ji Won Gu, Ji-Hoon Hwang, Ryun-Seok Oh, Jun-Ho Choi
With the development of mobile technology and the progress of an Untact society, the number of people who listen to lectures or music in various urban environments is increasing. In response to such an increase in demand, Active Noise Canceling(ANC) earphones that remove ambient background noise or static and also enable stable listening have been developed, and the earphones are enjoying great popularity. However, these ANC earphones can put the user in a dangerous situation at any time because they block even major alarm sounds such as a car horn or fire alarm. In this study, 10 men and women in their 20s, who frequently use ANC earphones, were asked to listen to music by wearing ANC earphones without prior notification of the fact that a fire alarm sound was transmitted. After that, the fire alarm bell or emergency broadcast sound was randomly generated for them to recognise the fire situation, and the time it took to start evacuation was measured. And in all these processes, EEG was simultaneously measured to analyse changes in emotions such as arousal responses felt by the experimental participants As a result of the experiment, it was found that the case of transmitting an emergency broadcast made the participants start evacuation approximately 23 seconds faster than the case of sounding the fire alarm bell. However, as a result of correlation analysis with EEG values indicating arousal responses such as tension, irritability, and nervousness, the significance probability(p-value) was 0.825, indicating that there is no statistically significant correlation. Therefore, it was found that the participants’ awareness of the fire alarm sound decreased when wearing ANC earphones regardless of the types of the fire alarm whether it was an alarm bell or an emergency broadcast.
{"title":"Analysis of Pre-evacuation Time and EEG for Fire Alarm when Wearing ANC Earphones","authors":"Ji Won Gu, Ji-Hoon Hwang, Ryun-Seok Oh, Jun-Ho Choi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1002638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002638","url":null,"abstract":"With the development of mobile technology and the progress of an Untact society, the number of people who listen to lectures or music in various urban environments is increasing. In response to such an increase in demand, Active Noise Canceling(ANC) earphones that remove ambient background noise or static and also enable stable listening have been developed, and the earphones are enjoying great popularity. However, these ANC earphones can put the user in a dangerous situation at any time because they block even major alarm sounds such as a car horn or fire alarm. In this study, 10 men and women in their 20s, who frequently use ANC earphones, were asked to listen to music by wearing ANC earphones without prior notification of the fact that a fire alarm sound was transmitted. After that, the fire alarm bell or emergency broadcast sound was randomly generated for them to recognise the fire situation, and the time it took to start evacuation was measured. And in all these processes, EEG was simultaneously measured to analyse changes in emotions such as arousal responses felt by the experimental participants As a result of the experiment, it was found that the case of transmitting an emergency broadcast made the participants start evacuation approximately 23 seconds faster than the case of sounding the fire alarm bell. However, as a result of correlation analysis with EEG values indicating arousal responses such as tension, irritability, and nervousness, the significance probability(p-value) was 0.825, indicating that there is no statistically significant correlation. Therefore, it was found that the participants’ awareness of the fire alarm sound decreased when wearing ANC earphones regardless of the types of the fire alarm whether it was an alarm bell or an emergency broadcast.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123171126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Over the next five to ten years, the metaverse will transform our digital lives from flat media viewed in the third person to immersive media experienced in the first person. While the core technologies of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are not inherently dangerous to consumers, many advocacy groups and policymakers have raised concerns about the expansive surveillance capabilities that large platforms could deploy across populations. What is often overlooked, however, is how surveillance-related risks could be significantly amplified if metaverse platforms are also allowed to simultaneously deploy targeted promotional content as real-time immersive experiences. When considered in the context of Control Theory (CT), the pairing of real-time surveillance with real-time influence raises serious new concerns, for it could enable interactive platforms to become extremely efficient instruments for targeted deception, manipulation, and persuasion. These risks are further increased by the growing likelihood that AI-controlled avatars (i.e., Virtual Spokespeople) that look, speak, and behave like authentic human users will be used as a primary tool of targeted influence within immersive environments. For these reasons, policymakers must consider limiting the ability of metaverse platforms to deploy real-time immersive influence campaigns, especially when conversational AI technologies are utilized. As described herein, conversational AI paired with real-time behavioral and emotional monitoring could enable profoundly dangerous tools for deploying targeted influence campaigns that compromise the epistemic agency of populations at scale.
{"title":"The Metaverse as an AI-mediated Tool of Targeted Persuasion","authors":"Louis B. Rosenberg","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003938","url":null,"abstract":"Over the next five to ten years, the metaverse will transform our digital lives from flat media viewed in the third person to immersive media experienced in the first person. While the core technologies of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are not inherently dangerous to consumers, many advocacy groups and policymakers have raised concerns about the expansive surveillance capabilities that large platforms could deploy across populations. What is often overlooked, however, is how surveillance-related risks could be significantly amplified if metaverse platforms are also allowed to simultaneously deploy targeted promotional content as real-time immersive experiences. When considered in the context of Control Theory (CT), the pairing of real-time surveillance with real-time influence raises serious new concerns, for it could enable interactive platforms to become extremely efficient instruments for targeted deception, manipulation, and persuasion. These risks are further increased by the growing likelihood that AI-controlled avatars (i.e., Virtual Spokespeople) that look, speak, and behave like authentic human users will be used as a primary tool of targeted influence within immersive environments. For these reasons, policymakers must consider limiting the ability of metaverse platforms to deploy real-time immersive influence campaigns, especially when conversational AI technologies are utilized. As described herein, conversational AI paired with real-time behavioral and emotional monitoring could enable profoundly dangerous tools for deploying targeted influence campaigns that compromise the epistemic agency of populations at scale.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124264623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gaetano Maria Golinellia, Alfonso Sianob, Paolo Piciocchi b, Agostino Vollero b, Francesca Conte b
This paper aims at highlighting the relevant role of Service Science perspective in place governance. The study conceptualizes a new form of territorial “governmentality” capable of managing the access to place communication resources and activating decision-making collaborative logics with stakeholders. The methodology envisages the integrating of Service Science Management and Engineering+Design and Viable Systems Approach. Smart local governance has to enable a broader access to place communication resources, regulating the access rights. “Open Governance” mechanisms and access to shared place communication resources facilitate the value co-creation process with stakeholders. The conceptual paper presents the typical limitations of the deductive approach. The paper argues that stakeholders play a proactive role in the creation, innovation and utilization of place-specific communication resources through high degree of interaction, availability and accessibility to a growing body of information. The paper offers new insights on local governance issue, emphasizing the role of the governance in ensuring stakeholders’ access to communication resources. Developing improved methods to facilitate effective value co-creation process is valuable for a participatory and interactive approach in place communication management.
{"title":"The Access Rights to Communication Resources in the Smart Local Service System: First Insights","authors":"Gaetano Maria Golinellia, Alfonso Sianob, Paolo Piciocchi b, Agostino Vollero b, Francesca Conte b","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100292","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at highlighting the relevant role of Service Science perspective in place governance. The study conceptualizes a new form of territorial “governmentality” capable of managing the access to place communication resources and activating decision-making collaborative logics with stakeholders. The methodology envisages the integrating of Service Science Management and Engineering+Design and Viable Systems Approach. Smart local governance has to enable a broader access to place communication resources, regulating the access rights. “Open Governance” mechanisms and access to shared place communication resources facilitate the value co-creation process with stakeholders. The conceptual paper presents the typical limitations of the deductive approach. The paper argues that stakeholders play a proactive role in the creation, innovation and utilization of place-specific communication resources through high degree of interaction, availability and accessibility to a growing body of information. The paper offers new insights on local governance issue, emphasizing the role of the governance in ensuring stakeholders’ access to communication resources. Developing improved methods to facilitate effective value co-creation process is valuable for a participatory and interactive approach in place communication management.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117348271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the creation in 1999 of a European Space for Higher Education, there was a change in the teaching paradigm, from a passive model based on the acquisition of knowledge, to an active model based on the development of competences. But the current social, environmental and technological challenges have changed teaching-learning methods and processes in a relatively short period of time, providing new pedagogical practices, where collaboration with other disciplines and actors enhance creativity, innovation and research in design.This article is the result of two experimental international pedagogical projects and pedagogical contents taught in the Project Management and Ergonomics curricular units, at the Master in Graphic Design from the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco and of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Lisbon, Portugal.This work has as main objective to identify new pedagogical practices of co-creation and agile methodologies applied in the development of Design projects in an academic environment, as well as to identify methodologies and models of collaboration and co-design, characterized by interdisciplinary dialogue in a collaborative context, considering alternative educational practices in teaching-learning of design.
{"title":"New pedagogical practices of co-creation applied to Design.","authors":"João Neves, D. Raposo, N. Martins, Daniel Brandão","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1002038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002038","url":null,"abstract":"With the creation in 1999 of a European Space for Higher Education, there was a change in the teaching paradigm, from a passive model based on the acquisition of knowledge, to an active model based on the development of competences. But the current social, environmental and technological challenges have changed teaching-learning methods and processes in a relatively short period of time, providing new pedagogical practices, where collaboration with other disciplines and actors enhance creativity, innovation and research in design.This article is the result of two experimental international pedagogical projects and pedagogical contents taught in the Project Management and Ergonomics curricular units, at the Master in Graphic Design from the Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco and of the Faculty of Architecture of the University of Lisbon, Portugal.This work has as main objective to identify new pedagogical practices of co-creation and agile methodologies applied in the development of Design projects in an academic environment, as well as to identify methodologies and models of collaboration and co-design, characterized by interdisciplinary dialogue in a collaborative context, considering alternative educational practices in teaching-learning of design.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121121951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
From the practical viewpoint, only behavioral measures (in this study, eight behavioral measures) were used for drowsiness prediction. A variety of baseline of drowsiness (arousal state) was used in this study. More concretely, each behavioral measure was used as the base line of drowsiness (arousal state) as well as the self-reported evaluation of drowsiness, and thus we made an attempt to predict the participant’s drowsiness for each base line. Trend analysis of each evaluation measure was carried out by using a single regression model where time and base line of drowsiness (one of evaluation measures) corresponded to an independent variable and a dependent variable, respectively. Using the result of trend analysis, we proposed a new approach to predict the point in time (we call this the point in time of virtual accident) when the participant would have encountered a crucial accident if he was driving a car. On the basis of results of all participants, the proposed approach could identify the point in time of virtual accident, and was promising for identifying and predicting the time zone with potentially high risk (probability) of inducing an accident due to drowsy driving in advance, and for warning drivers of such a state.
{"title":"An Attempt to Predict Point in Time with High Risk of Accident by Trend Analysis-Method for Detecting Significant Trend of Change of Behavioral Measures-","authors":"A. Murata","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100153","url":null,"abstract":"From the practical viewpoint, only behavioral measures (in this study, eight behavioral measures) were used for drowsiness prediction. A variety of baseline of drowsiness (arousal state) was used in this study. More concretely, each behavioral measure was used as the base line of drowsiness (arousal state) as well as the self-reported evaluation of drowsiness, and thus we made an attempt to predict the participant’s drowsiness for each base line. Trend analysis of each evaluation measure was carried out by using a single regression model where time and base line of drowsiness (one of evaluation measures) corresponded to an independent variable and a dependent variable, respectively. Using the result of trend analysis, we proposed a new approach to predict the point in time (we call this the point in time of virtual accident) when the participant would have encountered a crucial accident if he was driving a car. On the basis of results of all participants, the proposed approach could identify the point in time of virtual accident, and was promising for identifying and predicting the time zone with potentially high risk (probability) of inducing an accident due to drowsy driving in advance, and for warning drivers of such a state.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127097878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hector Rafael Morano Okuno, Guillermo Sandoval, Rafael Caltenco Castillo, Donovan Esqueda Merino, Jose de Jesus Solis Cordova, Andres Andres Garcia Garcia
Currently, several computer programs evaluate the ergonomics of products or measure the physical effort a person must make in a particular task, either at her job, at home, or as a mechanical or electronic machine user. However, these computer programs are expensive and sometimes need to be installed with another program to run within them and share resources such as solid modeling, mass calculation, drawing generation, and finite element analysis.This article aims to define a simplified person model that can be used in different computer programs pointed at the academic community and available with student licenses. These models will simulate the mechanisms of the devices older adults and people with special needs use for their training or recovery, making it possible to calculate the kinematics involved in using these appliances.This work also shows the type of kinematic constraints that must be defined so that the simplified model of a person can move. Each set of kinematic constraints will simulate a specific movement; the more constraints used, the better the representation of the natural movement of a person. Subsequently, with the simplified person model, devices aimed at older adults and people with special needs can be designed and evaluated and used in various computer programs with licenses for students.The methodology consists of initially defining a first simplified model of a person, as essential as possible, to define the kinematic restrictions to simulate their movements. Subsequently, a case study is used to evaluate the movements transmitted from an elliptical machine toward the person. Finally, a kinematic inversion is carried out to analyze the movements transmitted from the person to the elliptical machine.At the beginning of this work, a review of the leading computer programs that evaluate a person's ergonomics is made. Then the procedure used to define the simplified person model with its kinematic constraints is shown. Subsequently, through the case study, movements transmitted from the person to the case study and from the case study to the person are evaluated. At the end, the results are presented, as well as future work and conclusions.
{"title":"Simplified CAD model of a person for the simulation of their movements","authors":"Hector Rafael Morano Okuno, Guillermo Sandoval, Rafael Caltenco Castillo, Donovan Esqueda Merino, Jose de Jesus Solis Cordova, Andres Andres Garcia Garcia","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1003663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003663","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, several computer programs evaluate the ergonomics of products or measure the physical effort a person must make in a particular task, either at her job, at home, or as a mechanical or electronic machine user. However, these computer programs are expensive and sometimes need to be installed with another program to run within them and share resources such as solid modeling, mass calculation, drawing generation, and finite element analysis.This article aims to define a simplified person model that can be used in different computer programs pointed at the academic community and available with student licenses. These models will simulate the mechanisms of the devices older adults and people with special needs use for their training or recovery, making it possible to calculate the kinematics involved in using these appliances.This work also shows the type of kinematic constraints that must be defined so that the simplified model of a person can move. Each set of kinematic constraints will simulate a specific movement; the more constraints used, the better the representation of the natural movement of a person. Subsequently, with the simplified person model, devices aimed at older adults and people with special needs can be designed and evaluated and used in various computer programs with licenses for students.The methodology consists of initially defining a first simplified model of a person, as essential as possible, to define the kinematic restrictions to simulate their movements. Subsequently, a case study is used to evaluate the movements transmitted from an elliptical machine toward the person. Finally, a kinematic inversion is carried out to analyze the movements transmitted from the person to the elliptical machine.At the beginning of this work, a review of the leading computer programs that evaluate a person's ergonomics is made. Then the procedure used to define the simplified person model with its kinematic constraints is shown. Subsequently, through the case study, movements transmitted from the person to the case study and from the case study to the person are evaluated. At the end, the results are presented, as well as future work and conclusions.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127303092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Inflexible or unchangeable organization is clearly supposed to include fatal risk in the system under current highly and fast developing situation, no matter how its size is. It means that any system doesn't reach the best results even if anyhow behavior's done, being not adjustable for risk reduction, due to variety and change in the system design or the organization decision-making. Namely, the Key for “the most rational optimization along with keeping the development” is actualized by using risk management adjustable to all organization or system, to solve the complicated issues struggling in current fast-changing international situation.System safety in a huge complex system is an activity that aims to improve safety by the balanced system without excess or deficiency by designing (hardware / software) and operating (human) [1]. In other words, it is the risk reduction activities to treat from the top priority of the risk. At present, the existing huge complex systems have been reduced in hardware / software risk through its countermeasures and quality assurance activities based on safety logic, so the remaining risk can be said to be an event involving humans. For this reason, risk reduction activities can be described as human performance improvement activities. Furthermore, continuing this activity will eventually lead to the improvement of the safety culture. In other words, what we want to emphasize here is that "system safety", "risk reduction activities", "human performance improvement activities", and "improvement of safety culture" have similar purposes and contents.In order to reduce the risk, it must be firmly suppressed in the original design process, so the safety concept is thoroughly incorporated into the system based on risk management at the design stage before operation. Next step, implement risk reduction measures are considered based on risk management at the construction or operation stages. As a response to the problem that remains even after taking measures in advance, that is, a risk that occurs at the stage of using equipment or processes, an error is detected and the countermeasure is taken. Therefore, we will first understand the vulnerabilities at the time of implementation and the weaknesses in human relationships between organizations and teams. As countermeasures, it is most important to give feedback to the hardware, next to software, and when it is not possible, it is important to take countermeasures by the organization or team, not to blame the individual. Measures against human errors are implemented by the devices and the mechanisms rather than the discipline. In summary, it is necessary to enhance performance for dealing with problems that are anticipated in advance, and then to enhance error detection that remains even after setup.Humans always make an error with a certain probability, but they are also flexible entities that can respond to ingenuity in any event. HPI, Human Performance Improvement is a
{"title":"Human Performance Improvement Activities for Risk Reduction","authors":"H. Ujita, Naoko Matsuo","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1002642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002642","url":null,"abstract":"Inflexible or unchangeable organization is clearly supposed to include fatal risk in the system under current highly and fast developing situation, no matter how its size is. It means that any system doesn't reach the best results even if anyhow behavior's done, being not adjustable for risk reduction, due to variety and change in the system design or the organization decision-making. Namely, the Key for “the most rational optimization along with keeping the development” is actualized by using risk management adjustable to all organization or system, to solve the complicated issues struggling in current fast-changing international situation.System safety in a huge complex system is an activity that aims to improve safety by the balanced system without excess or deficiency by designing (hardware / software) and operating (human) [1]. In other words, it is the risk reduction activities to treat from the top priority of the risk. At present, the existing huge complex systems have been reduced in hardware / software risk through its countermeasures and quality assurance activities based on safety logic, so the remaining risk can be said to be an event involving humans. For this reason, risk reduction activities can be described as human performance improvement activities. Furthermore, continuing this activity will eventually lead to the improvement of the safety culture. In other words, what we want to emphasize here is that \"system safety\", \"risk reduction activities\", \"human performance improvement activities\", and \"improvement of safety culture\" have similar purposes and contents.In order to reduce the risk, it must be firmly suppressed in the original design process, so the safety concept is thoroughly incorporated into the system based on risk management at the design stage before operation. Next step, implement risk reduction measures are considered based on risk management at the construction or operation stages. As a response to the problem that remains even after taking measures in advance, that is, a risk that occurs at the stage of using equipment or processes, an error is detected and the countermeasure is taken. Therefore, we will first understand the vulnerabilities at the time of implementation and the weaknesses in human relationships between organizations and teams. As countermeasures, it is most important to give feedback to the hardware, next to software, and when it is not possible, it is important to take countermeasures by the organization or team, not to blame the individual. Measures against human errors are implemented by the devices and the mechanisms rather than the discipline. In summary, it is necessary to enhance performance for dealing with problems that are anticipated in advance, and then to enhance error detection that remains even after setup.Humans always make an error with a certain probability, but they are also flexible entities that can respond to ingenuity in any event. HPI, Human Performance Improvement is a ","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127465205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Human agility describes the capacity to quickly adjust body movements in response to the environment. This study quantifies agility through performance on 0º, 45º, 90º, and 180º turns on an outdoor agility course. Participants (n=17) walked the course while wearing an ankle exoskeleton in powered and unpowered states, and their own shoes before and after the exoskeleton trials. Agility was quantified using Inertial Measurement Units placed on the feet. All metrics varied significantly with turn type and exhibited larger effect sizes than with changes in condition. Stride duration moderately increased in both exoskeleton conditions on 0º, 45º, and 90º turns. On 180º turns, the unpowered exoskeleton moderately decreased radial acceleration while the powered exoskeleton moderately increased speed and tangential acceleration. The results suggest that the evaluated ankle exoskeleton would be unobtrusive for similar healthy young users in their daily environments. The methods propose a framework for further study of exoskeletons and agility in a broader set of users with additional exoskeleton systems.
{"title":"Assessing the Effect of a Powered Ankle Exoskeleton on Human Agility with Inertial Measurement Units","authors":"Katelyn King, Sarah Gonzalez, L. Stirling","doi":"10.54941/ahfe1001476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001476","url":null,"abstract":"Human agility describes the capacity to quickly adjust body movements in response to the environment. This study quantifies agility through performance on 0º, 45º, 90º, and 180º turns on an outdoor agility course. Participants (n=17) walked the course while wearing an ankle exoskeleton in powered and unpowered states, and their own shoes before and after the exoskeleton trials. Agility was quantified using Inertial Measurement Units placed on the feet. All metrics varied significantly with turn type and exhibited larger effect sizes than with changes in condition. Stride duration moderately increased in both exoskeleton conditions on 0º, 45º, and 90º turns. On 180º turns, the unpowered exoskeleton moderately decreased radial acceleration while the powered exoskeleton moderately increased speed and tangential acceleration. The results suggest that the evaluated ankle exoskeleton would be unobtrusive for similar healthy young users in their daily environments. The methods propose a framework for further study of exoskeletons and agility in a broader set of users with additional exoskeleton systems.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115028724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Fei Li, Sun Woh Lye, Terry Teo, Alden Tan Shi Yin
In Human-machine interaction, information is communicated between a human and the machine via user interfaces. Consequently, the measures and level of insights that can be derived from such studies will be dependent upon the context under which the experimental setup was designed for. This paper highlights a successful highly synchronous human-in-the-loop (HITL) experimental system that can be used to measure situational aware-ness in Air Traffic Monitoring. The system setup consists of a NARSIM radar interface that displays the relevant aircraft information, a secondary control computer for the recording processing, and storage of the captured neurophysiological inputs, a remote eye tracker, and an electroencephalogram (EEG), the latter two of which provide the input. In setting up such a system, discussion of key design consideration on system compatibility and information transferability, spatial and resolution accuracy, data input sources and synchronization, software selection, and the ease of results validation will be made.
{"title":"Design Issues in Setting Up of a Highly Synchronous Human-in-the-loop System","authors":"Yu Fei Li, Sun Woh Lye, Terry Teo, Alden Tan Shi Yin","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100860","url":null,"abstract":"In Human-machine interaction, information is communicated between a human and the machine via user interfaces. Consequently, the measures and level of insights that can be derived from such studies will be dependent upon the context under which the experimental setup was designed for. This paper highlights a successful highly synchronous human-in-the-loop (HITL) experimental system that can be used to measure situational aware-ness in Air Traffic Monitoring. The system setup consists of a NARSIM radar interface that displays the relevant aircraft information, a secondary control computer for the recording processing, and storage of the captured neurophysiological inputs, a remote eye tracker, and an electroencephalogram (EEG), the latter two of which provide the input. In setting up such a system, discussion of key design consideration on system compatibility and information transferability, spatial and resolution accuracy, data input sources and synchronization, software selection, and the ease of results validation will be made.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116029091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Driver vision from vehicles is a long standing issue. One highly topical scenario includes accidents to vulnerable road users and in particular cyclists, from collisions with large goods vehicles (LGVs). In many of these cases driver vision is a potential causal factor in the occurrence of the accident. This paper presents research performed into the evaluation of driver vision, funded by the UK Department for Transport. To support the research, a 3D volumetric assessment technique was developed in the SAMMIE digital human modelling system. This highly visual technique provides an indication of the visible volumes of space around a vehicle and any blind spots. Vision was evaluated for a range of vehicle types from cars through to LGVs. To investigate the potential casual effects of vision in accidents and specifically those involving cyclists, scenarios were identified from UK Police accident data. These scenarios were then modelled and evaluated digitally. The results highlight that blind spots exist on many vehicles and for all driver sizes. Many of these blind spots can be countered by a change in posture of the driver. However, the most significant blind spot was found on Category N3 LGVs to the near-side of the vehicle. The research was also instrumental in a change to the EU Regulation 46 to remove the blind spot from future LGVs.
{"title":"The Digital Evaluation of Driver’s Field of View and its Potential Impact on Cyclist Safety","authors":"R. Marshall, S. Summerskill, S. Cook","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100415","url":null,"abstract":"Driver vision from vehicles is a long standing issue. One highly topical scenario includes accidents to vulnerable road users and in particular cyclists, from collisions with large goods vehicles (LGVs). In many of these cases driver vision is a potential causal factor in the occurrence of the accident. This paper presents research performed into the evaluation of driver vision, funded by the UK Department for Transport. To support the research, a 3D volumetric assessment technique was developed in the SAMMIE digital human modelling system. This highly visual technique provides an indication of the visible volumes of space around a vehicle and any blind spots. Vision was evaluated for a range of vehicle types from cars through to LGVs. To investigate the potential casual effects of vision in accidents and specifically those involving cyclists, scenarios were identified from UK Police accident data. These scenarios were then modelled and evaluated digitally. The results highlight that blind spots exist on many vehicles and for all driver sizes. Many of these blind spots can be countered by a change in posture of the driver. However, the most significant blind spot was found on Category N3 LGVs to the near-side of the vehicle. The research was also instrumental in a change to the EU Regulation 46 to remove the blind spot from future LGVs.","PeriodicalId":259265,"journal":{"name":"AHFE International","volume":"8 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116447120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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