Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124723
Miaomiao Yang , Shunyu Mao , Jin-ao Duan, Ping Xiao
In recent years, the interaction between gut microbiota and dietary polysaccharides has emerged as a research hotspot, particularly regarding their antitumor potential. Accumulating evidence underscores the gut microenvironment as a pivotal player in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Natural polysaccharides, known for their prebiotic effects and antitumor activities, represent promising candidates for developing safe and effective antitumor therapeutics. This review focuses on polysaccharides that are selectively utilized by gut microbiota, exploring their structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the mechanisms underlying their antitumor effects via the microbiota-metabolite-immunity axis. We systematically elucidate how these polysaccharides enrich beneficial bacteria, suppress pathogens, and facilitate the production of microbial metabolites that reshape the tumor immune microenvironment and inhibit cancer initiation, metastasis, and progression. Additionally, we summarize recent advances in clinical applications of polysaccharides, offering new perspectives for microbiota-targeted multi-modal strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.
{"title":"The antitumor mechanism of polysaccharides through regulating the microbiota-metabolism-immune axis and their clinical application strategies","authors":"Miaomiao Yang , Shunyu Mao , Jin-ao Duan, Ping Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, the interaction between gut microbiota and dietary polysaccharides has emerged as a research hotspot, particularly regarding their antitumor potential. Accumulating evidence underscores the gut microenvironment as a pivotal player in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Natural polysaccharides, known for their prebiotic effects and antitumor activities, represent promising candidates for developing safe and effective antitumor therapeutics. This review focuses on polysaccharides that are selectively utilized by gut microbiota, exploring their structure-activity relationship (SAR) and the mechanisms underlying their antitumor effects via the microbiota-metabolite-immunity axis. We systematically elucidate how these polysaccharides enrich beneficial bacteria, suppress pathogens, and facilitate the production of microbial metabolites that reshape the tumor immune microenvironment and inhibit cancer initiation, metastasis, and progression. Additionally, we summarize recent advances in clinical applications of polysaccharides, offering new perspectives for microbiota-targeted multi-modal strategies in cancer prevention and treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124723"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124738
Weiming Chen , Yirong Yuan , Bin Zhang , Chin Ping Tan , Qiang Huang
Understanding the effect of pH on complex coacervation is essential for designing functional oil delivery systems. This study investigated the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and oil-water interfacial behavior of complex coacervation between octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch (OSAS) and chitosan (CS) at different pH levels, and evaluated its impact on the flaxseed oil encapsulation to improve oxidative stability. Results showed coacervation prepared at pH 6.5 exhibited the highest complex coacervation yield, lowest hydrophilicity, a more compact network structure, and enhanced thermal stability. These properties enabled effective adsorption at the oil-water interface, forming a stable coacervation layer that successfully encapsulated flaxseed oil. Consequently, the oil-microcapsules achieved the highest encapsulation efficiency (95.1 ± 0.57 %) and significantly improved the oxidative stability and storage life of flaxseed oil. These findings provide a valuable foundation for the developing pH-controlled polysaccharide-based microcapsules and the enhancing the oxidative stability of functional oils' during storage.
{"title":"pH-controlled complex coacervation of OSA-modified starch and chitosan with enhanced oxidative stability of flaxseed oil","authors":"Weiming Chen , Yirong Yuan , Bin Zhang , Chin Ping Tan , Qiang Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the effect of pH on complex coacervation is essential for designing functional oil delivery systems. This study investigated the physicochemical properties, structural characteristics, and oil-water interfacial behavior of complex coacervation between octenylsuccinic anhydride (OSA) modified starch (OSA<img>S) and chitosan (CS) at different pH levels, and evaluated its impact on the flaxseed oil encapsulation to improve oxidative stability. Results showed coacervation prepared at pH 6.5 exhibited the highest complex coacervation yield, lowest hydrophilicity, a more compact network structure, and enhanced thermal stability. These properties enabled effective adsorption at the oil-water interface, forming a stable coacervation layer that successfully encapsulated flaxseed oil. Consequently, the oil-microcapsules achieved the highest encapsulation efficiency (95.1 ± 0.57 %) and significantly improved the oxidative stability and storage life of flaxseed oil. These findings provide a valuable foundation for the developing pH-controlled polysaccharide-based microcapsules and the enhancing the oxidative stability of functional oils' during storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124738"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124707
Fouad Damiri , Julia Simińska-Stanny , Forough Rasoulian , Chaudhari Pinal , Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepanska , Chirag D. Patel , Hitendra M. Patel , Sofia A. Papadimitirou , Eman Jaradat , Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos , Oseweuba V. Okoro , Armin Shavandi , Mohammed Berrada , Lalitkumar K. Vora , Ahmed Fatimi
Polysaccharide-based PEGylated hydrogels have emerged as multifunctional biomaterials that combine the favourable properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG), such as hydrophilicity, stability, and structural tunability with the biodegradability and biocompatibility of natural polysaccharides. This review presents recent progress in the synthesis and design of hybrid PEG–polysaccharide hydrogels, emphasizing structural modifications and crosslinking strategies involving biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid, alginate, chitosan, agarose, and carrageenan. These systems exhibit adjustable physicochemical properties and responsiveness to various stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, reactive oxygen species, glucose, and enzymatic activities. Such dynamic features enable precise control over drug and growth factor release and facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. The review also discusses the biomedical applications of these hydrogels in cancer therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Furthermore, it highlights critical translational challenges related to biosafety, immunogenicity, large-scale production, and regulatory pathways, which still hinder clinical implementation. By integrating material design insights with translational perspectives, this work provides an updated overview of opportunities and limitations in advancing PEGylated polysaccharide hydrogels toward safe and effective biomedical use. Continued research on their stability, reproducibility, and functional performance is essential to unlock their full clinical potential.
{"title":"Emerging trends in polysaccharide-based smart PEGylated hydrogels for biomedical applications","authors":"Fouad Damiri , Julia Simińska-Stanny , Forough Rasoulian , Chaudhari Pinal , Beata Kaczmarek-Szczepanska , Chirag D. Patel , Hitendra M. Patel , Sofia A. Papadimitirou , Eman Jaradat , Ana Cláudia Paiva-Santos , Oseweuba V. Okoro , Armin Shavandi , Mohammed Berrada , Lalitkumar K. Vora , Ahmed Fatimi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polysaccharide-based PEGylated hydrogels have emerged as multifunctional biomaterials that combine the favourable properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG), such as hydrophilicity, stability, and structural tunability with the biodegradability and biocompatibility of natural polysaccharides. This review presents recent progress in the synthesis and design of hybrid PEG–polysaccharide hydrogels, emphasizing structural modifications and crosslinking strategies involving biopolymers such as hyaluronic acid, alginate, chitosan, agarose, and carrageenan. These systems exhibit adjustable physicochemical properties and responsiveness to various stimuli, including temperature, light, pH, reactive oxygen species, glucose, and enzymatic activities. Such dynamic features enable precise control over drug and growth factor release and facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation, and tissue regeneration. The review also discusses the biomedical applications of these hydrogels in cancer therapy, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Furthermore, it highlights critical translational challenges related to biosafety, immunogenicity, large-scale production, and regulatory pathways, which still hinder clinical implementation. By integrating material design insights with translational perspectives, this work provides an updated overview of opportunities and limitations in advancing PEGylated polysaccharide hydrogels toward safe and effective biomedical use. Continued research on their stability, reproducibility, and functional performance is essential to unlock their full clinical potential.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"375 ","pages":"Article 124707"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145682600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-23DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124739
Jiaqi Song , Chunmin Ma , Yue Xu , Bing Wang , Xinyu Xu , Guang Zhang , Yang Yang , Na Zhang
This work investigated the impact of steaming and microwave processing on protein-starch interactions in black rice (RS), focusing on their effects on starch structure, physicochemical properties, and digestibility. Thermal treatment led to protein denaturation, reducing the α-helix/β-turn ratio and forming a protein barrier around starch granules, which increased their size. Both methods disrupted the ordered structures of starch and significantly decreased relative crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that microwave processing preserved the A-type crystal pattern, while steaming transformed it into a V-type complex. Microwave treated samples formed weakly viscoelastic gels and demonstrated improved water binding capacity, unlike steamed samples. Additionally, microwave processing significantly reduced rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content and increased slowly digestible (SDS) and resistant (RS) starch fractions, whereas steaming encouraged RDS formation. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that changes in protein structure primarily influenced thermal and pasting properties, while starch structural disintegration predominantly reduced digestibility. These findings offer theoretical insights for the targeted regulation of black rice's functional properties through thermal processing.
{"title":"Mechanisms by which cooking processing and protein distribution synergistically affect the structural, physicochemical and digestive properties of black rice starch","authors":"Jiaqi Song , Chunmin Ma , Yue Xu , Bing Wang , Xinyu Xu , Guang Zhang , Yang Yang , Na Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124739","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124739","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work investigated the impact of steaming and microwave processing on protein-starch interactions in black rice (RS), focusing on their effects on starch structure, physicochemical properties, and digestibility. Thermal treatment led to protein denaturation, reducing the α-helix/β-turn ratio and forming a protein barrier around starch granules, which increased their size. Both methods disrupted the ordered structures of starch and significantly decreased relative crystallinity. X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that microwave processing preserved the A-type crystal pattern, while steaming transformed it into a V-type complex. Microwave treated samples formed weakly viscoelastic gels and demonstrated improved water binding capacity, unlike steamed samples. Additionally, microwave processing significantly reduced rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content and increased slowly digestible (SDS) and resistant (RS) starch fractions, whereas steaming encouraged RDS formation. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that changes in protein structure primarily influenced thermal and pasting properties, while starch structural disintegration predominantly reduced digestibility. These findings offer theoretical insights for the targeted regulation of black rice's functional properties through thermal processing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124739"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124713
Hao Xu , Yanan Zheng , Guangling He , Xiaohui Jiang , Xuefeng Yan , Liangmin Yu
Carbon-based materials, owing to their abundance, highly tunable dielectric constants, and easily controllable microstructures, are among the most important electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. However, they still suffer from the limitation of a narrow effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). In this work, we propose a water-induced self-assembly strategy of agar with NaCl sacrificial crystalline support to construct agar aerogel-derived porous carbon (AAPC) featuring hierarchical porosity, heteroatom doping, and conductive networks for lightweight and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption. Under conditions of low density (11.08 mg/cm3) and a low filling ratio (2 %), AAPC4–700 achieves an EAB of 7.68 GHz at a thickness of 2.55 mm, with a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −50.0 dB. In addition, AAPC exhibits excellent thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties, enabling its potential application in extreme environments. This study elucidates the EMW dissipation mechanism of AAPC and opens a new pathway for the design of lightweight EMW absorbers with broad EAB.
{"title":"Water-induced self-assembly of agar with NaCl sacrificial crystalline support toward heterostructure carbon aerogels for lightweight and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption","authors":"Hao Xu , Yanan Zheng , Guangling He , Xiaohui Jiang , Xuefeng Yan , Liangmin Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbon-based materials, owing to their abundance, highly tunable dielectric constants, and easily controllable microstructures, are among the most important electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials. However, they still suffer from the limitation of a narrow effective absorption bandwidth (EAB). In this work, we propose a water-induced self-assembly strategy of agar with NaCl sacrificial crystalline support to construct agar aerogel-derived porous carbon (AAPC) featuring hierarchical porosity, heteroatom doping, and conductive networks for lightweight and broadband electromagnetic wave absorption. Under conditions of low density (11.08 mg/cm3) and a low filling ratio (2 %), AAPC<sub>4</sub>–700 achieves an EAB of 7.68 GHz at a thickness of 2.55 mm, with a minimum reflection loss (RL<sub>min</sub>) of −50.0 dB. In addition, AAPC exhibits excellent thermal insulation and flame-retardant properties, enabling its potential application in extreme environments. This study elucidates the EMW dissipation mechanism of AAPC and opens a new pathway for the design of lightweight EMW absorbers with broad EAB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124713"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124692
Yanpeng Cheng , Zhaolin Yang , Rao Guo , Mengqi Zhu , Yuchao Xia , Liwen Yu , Zhiguo Li , Chengyu Wang , Siqi Huan
Conventional slow-release fertilizers often suffer from poor structural control and inefficient nutrient release, leading to environmental pollution and resource waste. To address this challenge, we developed a biphasic emulgel system that combines chloroform (CHCl₃)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) droplets stabilized by cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)/nanochitin (NCh) as the oil phase with a CNF/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) gel matrix containing hydrophilic particles. During 3D printing through low-surface-energy nozzles, shear forces trigger spontaneous phase separation, driving PLA to form a continuous surface film that encapsulates the printed microstructure-a design that enables precise control over nutrient release. Unlike conventional systems, this surface film forms independently of the hydrophilic fillers in the gel phase, ensuring structural robustness. As a proof-of-concept, urea-loaded scaffolds exhibited sustained release, with only 69 % cumulative release after 31 days in soil column tests. Release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (n > 0.5), indicating an anomalous transport mechanism governed by both diffusion and matrix relaxation. This platform not only overcomes the limitations of traditional fertilizers but also opens new avenues for designing hierarchically structured, programmable release systems for agriculture and beyond.
{"title":"Cellulose nanofibrils-based emulgels: Impact on surface film formation and performance as slow-release fertilizers","authors":"Yanpeng Cheng , Zhaolin Yang , Rao Guo , Mengqi Zhu , Yuchao Xia , Liwen Yu , Zhiguo Li , Chengyu Wang , Siqi Huan","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional slow-release fertilizers often suffer from poor structural control and inefficient nutrient release, leading to environmental pollution and resource waste. To address this challenge, we developed a biphasic emulgel system that combines chloroform (CHCl₃)/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) droplets stabilized by cellulose nanofibrils (CNF)/nanochitin (NCh) as the oil phase with a CNF/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) gel matrix containing hydrophilic particles. During 3D printing through low-surface-energy nozzles, shear forces trigger spontaneous phase separation, driving PLA to form a continuous surface film that encapsulates the printed microstructure-a design that enables precise control over nutrient release. Unlike conventional systems, this surface film forms independently of the hydrophilic fillers in the gel phase, ensuring structural robustness. As a proof-of-concept, urea-loaded scaffolds exhibited sustained release, with only 69 % cumulative release after 31 days in soil column tests. Release kinetics followed the Korsmeyer-Peppas model (<em>n</em> > 0.5), indicating an anomalous transport mechanism governed by both diffusion and matrix relaxation. This platform not only overcomes the limitations of traditional fertilizers but also opens new avenues for designing hierarchically structured, programmable release systems for agriculture and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124692"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124712
Zhuxian Wang , Ming Luo , Lehuan Ni , Yimeng Li , Dan Liu , Hongxia Zhu , Bijun Xia , Yuanyuan Liu , Qiang Liu , Bin Yang
Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides possess excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Hydrogel dressing garnered remarkable efficacy in rejuvenating damaged skin, however, the impact of their mechanical strength on wound healing is still unclear. Herein, we reported Glycyrrhiza polysaccharides (GP)-dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) (GPDG) hydrogels with different mechanical properties for tackling infected wounds. Neutral GP was extracted and purified from Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., and its structural characteristics were exclusively confirmed. Next, GPDG hydrogels with low and high mechanical strength (low-GPDG and high-GPDG) were induced by UV crosslinking using Irgacure 2959 as photosensitizer. GPDG-based hydrogels could sustain DG release in the wound microenvironment. Furthermore, biocompatible GPDG hydrogels possessed robust antibacterial and cell proliferation-promotion bioactivities. When RAW264.7 cells were cultured on hydrogel scaffolds, the hard property of high-GPDG triggered excessive pro-inflammatory responses. On S. aureus-infected full-thickness skin wound test, low-GPDG demonstrated remarkable capacities in mitigating inflammatory infiltration, enhancing cell migration, facilitating macrophages M2 polarization and epithelialization, suppressing excessive collagen accumulation, which predominantly facilitated wound regeneration. In contrast, high-GPDG caused excessive inflammation and fibrosis in the wound, which was not beneficial for wound closure, ultimately resulting in apparent scars. Collectively, the study highlighted the significant role of soft GPDG hydrogels for the regenerative healing of infected wounds.
{"title":"Ultraviolet-induced Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide hydrogels with different mechanical strength for wound management","authors":"Zhuxian Wang , Ming Luo , Lehuan Ni , Yimeng Li , Dan Liu , Hongxia Zhu , Bijun Xia , Yuanyuan Liu , Qiang Liu , Bin Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124712","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124712","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Glycyrrhiza</em> polysaccharides possess excellent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Hydrogel dressing garnered remarkable efficacy in rejuvenating damaged skin, however, the impact of their mechanical strength on wound healing is still unclear. Herein, we reported <em>Glycyrrhiza</em> polysaccharides (GP)-dipotassium glycyrrhizinate (DG) (GPDG) hydrogels with different mechanical properties for tackling infected wounds. Neutral GP was extracted and purified from <em>Glycyrrhiza inflata Bat., and its</em> structural characteristics were exclusively confirmed. Next, GPDG hydrogels with low and high mechanical strength (low-GPDG and high-GPDG) were induced by UV crosslinking using Irgacure 2959 as photosensitizer. GPDG-based hydrogels could sustain DG release in the wound microenvironment. Furthermore, biocompatible GPDG hydrogels possessed robust antibacterial and cell proliferation-promotion bioactivities. When RAW264.7 cells were cultured on hydrogel scaffolds, the hard property of high-GPDG triggered excessive pro-inflammatory responses. On <em>S. aureus</em>-infected full-thickness skin wound test, low-GPDG demonstrated remarkable capacities in mitigating inflammatory infiltration, enhancing cell migration, facilitating macrophages M2 polarization and epithelialization, suppressing excessive collagen accumulation, which predominantly facilitated wound regeneration. In contrast, high-GPDG caused excessive inflammation and fibrosis in the wound, which was not beneficial for wound closure, ultimately resulting in apparent scars. Collectively, the study highlighted the significant role of soft GPDG hydrogels for the regenerative healing of infected wounds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124712"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145616353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124721
Debao Tu , Linsheng Yang , Shuang Liang , Zhong Li, Youzun Xu, Yongjin Zhou, Xueyuan Sun, Min Xi
Ratoon rice system, which permits two harvests from a single planting, is expanding rapidly. This study investigated how nitrogen (N) management (N0: no N input; Nbud: N for bud initiation; Ntiller: N for regenerated tillers; Nbud + Ntiller: combined application) modulates starch fine structure, protein accumulation, and their relationships with grain quality of rice ratoon crop. Compared to N0, N application significantly altered grain quality through modifications in apparent amylose content, starch structure and physicochemical properties, and protein composition. The Nbud + Ntiller reduced the honeycomb-like structure, number (ND) and volume (VD) weighted mean diameters, median (D (50 %)) and 90th percentile (D (90 %)) of volume, and relative crystallinity, which contributed to superior milling and appearance qualities. However, it concurrently impaired Cooking and eating quality (CEQ), as evidenced by increased setback viscosity, pasting temperature, ΔH, and hardness, alongside decreased breakdown viscosity, balance, taste, exterior and overall score. These detrimental effects were attributed to the significant increases in grain protein (4.8 %–14.8 %) and glutelin (6.1 %–17.7 %) content induced by Nbud + Ntiller, an effect that outweighed the modifications in starch structure. These findings underscore the critical need to optimize Nbud + Ntiller to balance starch structure and protein composition, thereby achieving synergistic improvements in milling, appearance, and CEQ of rice ratoon crop.
{"title":"Nitrogen management regulates grain quality of rice ratoon crop by altering starch structure and protein composition","authors":"Debao Tu , Linsheng Yang , Shuang Liang , Zhong Li, Youzun Xu, Yongjin Zhou, Xueyuan Sun, Min Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124721","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ratoon rice system, which permits two harvests from a single planting, is expanding rapidly. This study investigated how nitrogen (N) management (N<sub>0</sub>: no N input; N<sub>bud</sub>: N for bud initiation; N<sub>tiller</sub>: N for regenerated tillers; N<sub>bud</sub> + N<sub>tiller</sub>: combined application) modulates starch fine structure, protein accumulation, and their relationships with grain quality of rice ratoon crop. Compared to N<sub>0</sub>, N application significantly altered grain quality through modifications in apparent amylose content, starch structure and physicochemical properties, and protein composition. The N<sub>bud</sub> + N<sub>tiller</sub> reduced the honeycomb-like structure, number (ND) and volume (VD) weighted mean diameters, median (D (50 %)) and 90th percentile (D (90 %)) of volume, and relative crystallinity, which contributed to superior milling and appearance qualities. However, it concurrently impaired Cooking and eating quality (CEQ), as evidenced by increased setback viscosity, pasting temperature, Δ<em>H</em>, and hardness, alongside decreased breakdown viscosity, balance, taste, exterior and overall score. These detrimental effects were attributed to the significant increases in grain protein (4.8 %–14.8 %) and glutelin (6.1 %–17.7 %) content induced by N<sub>bud</sub> + N<sub>tiller</sub>, an effect that outweighed the modifications in starch structure. These findings underscore the critical need to optimize N<sub>bud</sub> + N<sub>tiller</sub> to balance starch structure and protein composition, thereby achieving synergistic improvements in milling, appearance, and CEQ of rice ratoon crop.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":261,"journal":{"name":"Carbohydrate Polymers","volume":"374 ","pages":"Article 124721"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145571076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2025.124728
Zhongshuai Gao , Linfei Ma , Mingda Che , Cunguo Lin , Mei Cui , Rongxin Su , Renliang Huang
Marine optical windows are highly susceptible to biofouling caused by marine organisms, leading to reduced transparency. The most effective method against biofouling is to use self-polishing antifouling coatings (SPCs). However, balancing transparency, mechanical performance, and antifouling effectiveness in SPCs remains a considerable challenge. In this study, hyperbranched epoxidized oligosiloxane nanoclusters-modified nanocellulose (HPCNFs) was synthesized using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methyltrimethoxysilane, and phosphorylated cellulose nanofibrils. Subsequently, HPCNFs were incorporated into a eugenol methacrylate (EM)-based self-polishing polymer matrix, producing a coating with outstanding mechanical stability. The resulting coating exhibited exceptional transparency (>97 %). The hydrolysis of phenolic ester groups enabled the transition of the resin segments from hydrophobic to hydrophilic states, thereby enhancing self-polishing performance. During the self-polishing process, natural and non-toxic eugenol was released, significantly improving the antifouling performance of the coating. In field tests conducted for 360 days in natural seawater, the coating showed remarkable biofouling resistance, with only 11.49 % of fouling coverage. The developed coating demonstrated significantly enhanced integrity compared to commercially available Jotun marine coatings. In particular, the incorporation of HPCNFs and EM into SPCs markedly improved their corrosion resistance. This study proposes a novel strategy for the development of marine antifouling coatings featuring high transparency, mechanical stability, and long-term durability.
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