IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121076

Changwei Li, Jinyue Fan, Jingpeng Wang, Wenbo Cui, Xue Liu, Mingcong Xu, Wei Li, Shouxin Liu

The chemical inertness and structural complexity of lignin limit the synthesis and development of chiral lignin carbon dots (CLCDs). To address this problem, this study employed a Mannich reaction-mediated amination modification strategy to graft chiral amino acids onto lignin for synthesizing CLCDs. The obtained levorotatory and dextrorotatory lignin-derived carbon dots (L-LCDs and D-LCDs) exhibit the chiral signal at 237 nm inherited from the intrinsic chirality of tryptophan, while the induced chiral signal at 275 nm originates from structural integration between tryptophan and lignin frameworks. It was found that D-LCDs, as a fluorescent probe, exhibited exceptional selectivity towards d-asparagine (D-Asn) and d-glutamine (D-Gln) with limits of detection (LOD) for 0.07 mM and 0.09 mM, respectively. In addition, the hydrogen bonding interaction causes the L/D-LCDs immobilized on the filter paper strips to exhibit green room temperature phosphorescence (RTP). The introduction of Asn generates stronger hydrogen bonding interactions, increased steric hindrance and racemization effects, extending the afterglow time to 13 s and elevating the phosphorescence lifetime to 141.8 ms. Building upon this phosphorescence phenomenon, a dynamic information encryption system with time-resolved optical responses was successfully demonstrated on the filter paper matrix. As the first report on lignin-based chiral carbon dots, this work opens up a new avenue for the controlled preparation of carbon dots with clear chiral origins, and expands the application prospects of CLCDs in selective recognition and new class of bio-based responsive RTP materials.

木质素的化学惰性和结构复杂性限制了手性木质素碳点（clcd）的合成和发展。为了解决这一问题，本研究采用曼尼希反应介导的胺化修饰策略将手性氨基酸接枝到木质素上以合成clcd。得到的左旋和右旋木质素衍生碳点（l - lcd和d - lcd）在237 nm处表现出继承色氨酸固有手性的手性信号，而在275 nm处表现出源自色氨酸和木质素框架结构整合的诱导手性信号。结果表明，作为一种荧光探针，d- lcd对d-天冬酰胺（D-Asn）和d-谷氨酰胺（D-Gln）具有良好的选择性，检测限分别为0.07 mM和0.09 mM。此外，氢键相互作用使固定在滤纸条上的L/ d - lcd表现出室温绿色磷光（RTP）。Asn的引入产生了更强的氢键相互作用，增加了空间位阻和外消旋效应，将余辉时间延长到13 s，将磷光寿命提高到141.8 ms。基于这种磷光现象，成功地在滤纸矩阵上演示了具有时间分辨光学响应的动态信息加密系统。本研究作为木质素基手性碳点的首次报道，为控制制备手性来源明确的碳点开辟了新途径，拓展了clcd在选择性识别和新型生物基响应性RTP材料中的应用前景。

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引用次数: 0

Nano Cu introduced carbon composite derived from waste toilet paper as a sustainable material for high- performance zinc hybrid supercapacitors and sodium-ion batteries 纳米铜引入了从废弃卫生纸中提取的碳复合材料，作为高性能锌混合超级电容器和钠离子电池的可持续材料

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121072

Iza Shahid , Rajapriya Andavar , Faiz Ullah , Anuj Kumar , Faheem Abbas , Uzair Ahmed Kolachi , Junqing Pan

Rapid charge kinetics and durability are key criteria for advanced energy storage systems. However, the waste biomass-derived carbon materials suffer from sluggish charge transport dynamics and non-ideal porosity, significantly hindering energy applications. Herein, the copper atoms are selectively anchored at hollow sites within the carbon matrix derived from waste toilet papers to favor increased charge kinetics and capacity. The tests and DFT calculations reveal that the introduced Cu atoms greatly enhance intrinsic electrical conductivity, facilitate charge transfer, and lower ion diffusion barriers, as theoretically confirmed by spin-polarized simulations. A huge surface area (1274 m² g⁻¹) with many active sites is produced using atomic-level copper integration (Cu_2.7 %@PC) in conjunction with a mesoporous structure. This allows for an excellent specific capacitance of 448 F g⁻¹ at 1 A g⁻¹, exceptional rate capability, and 97 % capacitance endurance over 100,000 cycles. The assembled zinc hybrid capacitor configuration reached 83 Wh kg⁻¹ at 500 W kg⁻¹. Additionally, the carbon anode delivers high reversible capacities for Na⁺ ion (404 mAh g⁻¹ at 50 mA g⁻¹) and shows excellent cycling stability with 97.8 % capacity retention over 1000 cycles at 1 A g⁻¹. These results effectively overcome key challenges in energy storage, demonstrating a promising “dual-functional” strategy and sustainable materials for developing high-performance super capacitors and sodium-ion batteries.

快速充电动力学和耐久性是先进储能系统的关键标准。然而，废弃的生物质衍生碳材料存在电荷输运动力学缓慢和孔隙度不理想的问题，严重阻碍了其能源应用。在此，铜原子被选择性地锚定在来自废卫生纸的碳基质内的空心位点上，以有利于增加电荷动力学和容量。实验和DFT计算表明，引入的Cu原子大大提高了本征电导率，促进了电荷转移，降低了离子扩散势垒，这一点从理论上得到了自旋极化模拟的证实。使用原子级铜集成（Cu2.7 %@PC）结合介孔结构，产生了具有许多活性位点的巨大表面积（1274 m2 g−1）。这使得在1 A g−1时具有448 F g−1的优异比电容，卓越的速率能力和超过100,000次循环的97%电容耐久性。在500 W kg−1时，组装锌混合电容器的配置达到83 Wh kg−1。此外，碳阳极为Na+离子提供了高可逆容量（在50 mA g - 1时为404 mAh g - 1），并表现出出色的循环稳定性，在1 mA g - 1下1000次循环中保持97.8%的容量。这些结果有效地克服了能量存储中的关键挑战，展示了一种有前途的“双功能”策略和可持续材料，用于开发高性能超级电容器和钠离子电池。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing atomically precise Fe-Nx motifs within hierarchical porous carbon-MOF matrices for next-generation ultrastable high-energy lithium–oxygen batteries 在分层多孔碳- mof矩阵中利用原子精确的Fe-Nx基序用于下一代超稳定高能锂氧电池

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121069

Mingyang Liu , Yinkun Gao , Shuyun Guan , Yongqing Wan , Yiman Ma , Xiaojie Xu , Peng Gao , Yongming Zhu , Xudong Li

Lithium-oxygen batteries (LOBs), with ultrahigh energy density (>3500 Wh kg⁻¹), are limited by synergistic degradation (Lithium peroxide (Li₂O₂) passivation, kinetic polarization, mass transport issues) in conventional electrodes. This work proposes a multi-hierarchy electrode architecture combining three-dimensional ordered hierarchically porous carbon matrices (3DOH) and Fe single atoms. The 3DOH carbon, synthesized via templated ZnFe-ZIF pyrolysis, features interconnected macropores (≥200 nm) for rapid ion/oxygen transport and mesopores (2–50 nm) with atomically dispersed Fe-N_x sites for bifunctional catalysis. Metal-organic framework (MOF) scaffolds enhance mechanical stability while maintaining conductivity. The design achieves 17334 mAh g⁻¹ capacity at 200 mA g⁻¹ (69.5% enhancement over conventional electrodes) and 132-cycle stability with minimal overpotential degradation (ΔV < 0.93 V). By synergizing macroscopic kinetics and Ångstrom-level reactivity, this architecture offers a scalable paradigm for high-energy, long-life LOBs systems. Future directions include atomic-level mechanistic studies and industrial-scale synthesis.

锂氧电池（lob）具有超高能量密度（>3500 Wh kg−1），但在传统电极中受到协同降解（过氧化锂（Li2O2）钝化、动力学极化、质量传输问题）的限制。本研究提出了一种结合三维有序分层多孔碳矩阵（3DOH）和铁单原子的多层电极结构。通过模板化ZnFe-ZIF热解合成的3DOH碳具有连通的大孔（≥200 nm）和具有原子分散的Fe-Nx位点的介孔（2-50 nm），具有快速离子/氧传输和双功能催化。金属有机框架（MOF）支架在保持导电性的同时提高了机械稳定性。该设计在200 mA g - 1时实现17334 mAh g - 1容量（比传统电极增强69.5%），并在最小的过电位退化（ΔV < 0.93 V）下实现132循环稳定性。通过宏观动力学和Ångstrom-level反应性的协同作用，该体系结构为高能量、长寿命的lob系统提供了可扩展的范例。未来的发展方向包括原子水平的机理研究和工业规模的合成。

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引用次数: 0

Carbon nitride quantum dots with full-color room-temperature phosphorescence via in situ precursor engineering and rigid matrix confinement 通过原位前驱体工程和刚性基体约束制备具有室温全色磷光的氮化碳量子点

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121074

Hailiang Yang, Qian Chen, Yuankui Huang, Yaoping Hu

Carbon nitride quantum dots (CNQDs) with room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) represent an emerging class of metal-free luminescent materials, yet achieving full-color and long-lived RTP remains a formidable challenge due to inefficient intersystem crossing and severe triplet state quenching. Herein, we report a facile in situ precursor engineering strategy to synthesize CNQDs with widely tunable RTP emissions via co-pyrolysis of urea and aromatic precursors with varying conjugation degrees. The derived CNQDs with enhanced spin-orbit coupling are confined in a rigid hydrogen-bonded network that effectively suppresses non-radiative decay pathways. The resulting composites demonstrate broad-spectrum RTP, covering emission wavelengths from 428 nm (blue) to 621 nm (red), and possess exceptional phosphorescent properties, including a prolonged lifetime of up to 2620 ms and a high phosphorescence quantum yield of 12.1 %. The emission color tunability is governed by precise control of conjugation size and surface carbonyl groups, which systematically modulates the singlet and triplet energy levels. These CNQD-based materials show outstanding stability against various environmental challenges and exhibit promising applications in advanced anti-counterfeiting and multidimensional information encryption, offering a versatile molecular design platform for phosphorescent carbon nanomaterials.

具有室温磷光（RTP）的氮化碳量子点（CNQDs）是一类新兴的无金属发光材料，但由于低效的系统间交叉和严重的三重态猝灭，实现全彩和长寿命的RTP仍然是一个艰巨的挑战。在此，我们报告了一种简单的原位前体工程策略，通过不同共轭度的尿素和芳香前体共热解合成具有广泛可调RTP排放的CNQDs。衍生的CNQDs具有增强的自旋轨道耦合，被限制在刚性氢键网络中，有效地抑制了非辐射衰变途径。所得到的复合材料具有广谱RTP，覆盖428 nm（蓝色）至621 nm（红色）的发射波长，并具有特殊的磷光特性，包括长达2620 ms的延长寿命和12.1%的高磷光量子产率。发射色的可调性是通过精确控制共轭尺寸和表面羰基，系统地调节单线态和三重态能级来控制的。这些基于cnqd的材料在各种环境挑战下表现出出色的稳定性，在先进的防伪和多维信息加密方面具有广阔的应用前景，为磷光碳纳米材料提供了一个多功能的分子设计平台。

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引用次数: 0

Nanotwin-engineered dodecahedral-shaped HEA@C nanocages via spatiotemporal confinement effect for boosted flexible electromagnetic wave absorption 基于时空约束效应的纳米双生十二面体HEA@C纳米笼增强柔性电磁波吸收

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121081

Ruoqi Wang , An Ye , Jiangyu Fang , Xinyue Zhou , Sikai Dai , Yu Fan , Yiran Sun , Ruihang Zhang , Yueping Niu , Peiyuan Zuo , Xiaoyun Liu , Qixin Zhuang

To meet high demands in electronic devices towards high frequency, miniaturized size and increased flexibility, researchers are developing flexible electromagnetic wave absorption (EWA) materials. However, the permeability of conventional magnetic absorbers (e.g., pure ferrites) is seriously constrained by Snoek limit at GHz ranges, thereby causing impedance mismatch and weakened electromagnetic wave dissipation. Fortunately, the emerging tailorable FeCoNi-based high-entropy alloys (HEAs) seem promising to break the Snoek limit. However, it remains huge challenges to precisely control morphology and crystal phase structure of HEAs. To this end, we for the first time proposed a spatiotemporal confinement strategy to construct novel flexible T-HEA@C/TPU absorber. With the assistance of Flash Joule Heating technique, the preserved ZIF-67 sodalite topologies evolved into dodecahedral-shaped HEA@C nanocage morphologies, while the critical size effects with dynamic fission-fusion process drove the formative nanotwin structures. Accordingly, the T-HEA@C/TPU absorber achieved a minimum −68.23 dB reflection loss at 1.58 mm with 5.01 GHz bandwidth and over 10,000-cycle tensile stability. The intense charge transfer and magnetic domain spin in T-HEA@C/TPU absorber enabled to reduce electromagnetic wave noise variance by nearly 10-folds, demonstrating significant values in wide EWA applications. Collectively, these findings provide new insights for flexible magnetic EWA materials.

为了满足电子设备对高频、小型化和灵活性的高要求，研究人员正在开发柔性电磁波吸收（EWA）材料。然而，传统磁吸收体（如纯铁氧体）的磁导率在GHz范围内受到Snoek极限的严重限制，从而导致阻抗失配和电磁波耗散减弱。幸运的是，新兴的可定制的基于feconi的高熵合金（HEAs）似乎有望打破Snoek极限。然而，精确控制HEAs的形貌和晶相结构仍然是一个巨大的挑战。为此，我们首次提出了一种时空约束策略来构建新型柔性T-HEA@C/TPU吸收体。在闪速焦耳加热技术的帮助下，保存的ZIF-67钠晶石拓扑结构演变为十二面体形状的HEA@C纳米网箱结构，而动态裂变聚变过程的临界尺寸效应驱动了纳米孪晶结构的形成。因此，T-HEA@C/TPU吸收器在1.58 mm处实现了最小的- 68.23 dB反射损耗，带宽为5.01 GHz，拉伸稳定性超过10,000周。T-HEA@C/TPU吸收体的强电荷转移和磁畴自旋使电磁波噪声方差降低了近10倍，在广泛的EWA应用中具有重要价值。总的来说，这些发现为柔性磁性EWA材料提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Room-temperature self-healing epoxy coating enhanced by cerium-doped ZIF-8 modified graphene oxide nanosheets toward passive/active anti-corrosion 铈掺杂ZIF-8改性氧化石墨烯纳米片增强室温自愈环氧涂层的被动/主动防腐

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121050

Zhongkai Zhao , Xiaobo Zhu , Jiaxi Li , Wenjing Wang , Xiaocheng Jiang , Shan Shi , Siming Ren

Intrinsic self-healing coatings have attracted considerable research interest due to their remarkable ability to repair damage autonomously. However, their insufficient impermeability limits their long-term application in metal corrosion protection. Herein, we embedded corrosion-inhibiting cerium-doped ZIF-8 nanoparticles (Ce@ZIF-8) modified graphene oxide (GO) two-dimensional sheets into an epoxy network containing dynamic hydrogen bonds and disulfide bonds, developing a room-temperature self-healing epoxy/GO-Ce@ZIF-8 composite with remarkable barrier and corrosion resistance properties. Due to the metal coordination interaction between zinc or cerium in GO-Ce@ZIF-8 and the epoxy dynamic network, the modified nanosheets are efficiently and stably dispersed in the epoxy resin. The elaborately designed composite exhibits excellent stretchability (424.95 %), exceptional room-temperature self-healing capabilities (80.7 % at 25 °C for 8 h), and outstanding corrosion resistance. This is ascribed to the synergy of the superior physical shielding effect of nanosheets and the passivation of cerium elements released from nanoparticles on metal surfaces, achieving active/passive long-term corrosion protection through the intrinsic self-healing and external passivation of composite. This innovative strategy provides a new approach to developing novel high-barrier self-healing materials.

内在自修复涂层由于具有显著的自修复能力而引起了广泛的研究兴趣。但其抗渗性能不足，限制了其在金属防腐中的长期应用。在此，我们将抑制腐蚀的铈掺杂ZIF-8纳米颗粒（Ce@ZIF-8）修饰的氧化石墨烯（GO）二维片嵌入到含有动态氢键和二硫键的环氧网络中，开发出具有显著阻隔和耐腐蚀性能的室温自愈合环氧/GO-Ce@ZIF-8复合材料。由于GO-Ce@ZIF-8中锌或铈的金属配位相互作用和环氧动态网络，改性纳米片在环氧树脂中高效、稳定地分散。这种精心设计的复合材料具有优异的拉伸性（424.95%）、优异的室温自愈能力（25°C， 8小时80.7%）和优异的耐腐蚀性。这是由于纳米片优越的物理屏蔽效应和纳米颗粒在金属表面释放的铈元素的钝化协同作用，通过复合材料的内在自愈和外部钝化，实现了主动/被动的长期腐蚀保护。这一创新策略为开发新型高屏障自愈材料提供了新的途径。

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引用次数: 0

An in-situ template-activation strategy to construct 2D porous carbon with interlaced nanosheets for zinc-ion hybrid capacitors 一种原位模板活化策略构建锌离子杂化电容器用交错纳米片二维多孔碳

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121068

Shanxing Wang, Renjie Zhao, Rongzhi Peng, Zhu Liu, Feng Xiao, Yubo Zou, Guocong Liu

2D porous carbon materials exhibit excellent electrical properties and rich active sites as electrode materials for aqueous zinc-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). However, it is still a challenge to efficiently prepare these functional materials by a simple synthesis strategy. Herein, 2D porous carbon with interlaced nanosheets is prepared by co-pyrolysis of a homogeneous low-cost biomass/potassium oxalate complex. It is found that potassium oxalate was decomposed into potassium carbonate and it acted as both template and activator to promote the formation of 2D porous structure. Further, the decomposed potassium carbonate as the core activates the outer carbon layer to form nanopores and regulates the 2D structures. This self-templating approach can enable the 2D carbon materials with high specific surface areas, developed porous structures, and abundant surface groups. Meanwhile, the prepared LSC-T carbons possess the uniform distribution of micropore and its sizes. Specifically, the optimized LSC-800 exhibits a specific surface area of 1546.3 m² g⁻¹ and the highest volume ratio (31.7 %) of micropore at 0.86–2.0 nm accompanied with some mesopore porosity. Benefiting from these advantages, LSC-800 assembled ZIHCs deliver a high specific capacity of 172.2 mAh g⁻¹ and energy density of 152.9 W h kg⁻¹ at 0.1 A g⁻¹, exhibiting a remarkably improved Zn-ion storage capability. Furthermore, the fabricated ZIHCs also demonstrate a long-cycling life of 16,000 cycles at 2.0 A g⁻¹ and an excellent capacity retention of approximately 98 %. This work provides an efficient and facile preparation strategy of designing high-performance 2D porous carbon materials for energy storage applications.

二维多孔碳材料作为含水锌离子杂化电容器（zihc）的电极材料具有优异的电学性能和丰富的活性位点。然而，通过简单的合成策略高效地制备这些功能材料仍然是一个挑战。本文通过低成本的生物质/草酸钾络合物共热解制备了具有交错纳米片的二维多孔碳。发现草酸钾分解为碳酸钾，同时作为模板剂和活化剂促进二维多孔结构的形成。分解后的碳酸钾作为核心，激活外层碳层形成纳米孔，调控二维结构。这种自模板方法可以使二维碳材料具有高比表面积、发达的多孔结构和丰富的表面基团。同时，制备的LSC-T碳具有均匀的微孔分布和微孔大小。优化后的LSC-800的比表面积为1546.3 m2 g−1，微孔体积比最高（31.7%）为0.86 ~ 2.0 nm，并伴有一定的介孔孔隙度。得益于这些优点，LSC-800组装的zihc在0.1 ag−1下具有172.2 mAh g−1的高比容量和152.9 W h kg−1的能量密度，表现出显著提高的锌离子存储能力。此外，制备的zihc在2.0 a g−1下具有16,000次的长循环寿命，并且容量保持率约为98%。这项工作为设计高性能的二维多孔碳储能材料提供了一种高效、简便的制备策略。

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引用次数: 0

Defect-engineered covalent heterostructures of carbon-based materials for synergistically enhanced thermal conductivity and mechanical properties in energetic composites 碳基材料的缺陷工程共价异质结构协同增强高能复合材料的导热性和力学性能

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121071

Zhipeng Liu , Keliang Song , Guohong Pu , Junru Wang , Xu Zhao , Wenbin Yang , Guansong He , Zhijian Yang

The efficient thermal management of advanced polymer-based composites is critical to ensuring the safety and reliability of their engineering applications. However, structural defects in thermally conductive fillers and interfacial thermal resistance limit thermal conductivity (k) enhancement. Herein, an innovative defect-guided in-situ growth strategy is proposed to repair filler defects and construct covalently bonded hybrid fillers. Specifically, defect sites in graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) anchor metal-organic frameworks, enabling catalytic growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via chemical vapor deposition, forming covalently bonded GNPs@CNTs heterostructures. By incorporating the prefabricated multiscale fillers into energetic composites (polymer bonded explosives, PBX), the k of PBX composites reaches 1.165 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 1 wt% filler loading, which is a 74 % enhancement over pure PBX. Theoretical models and molecular dynamics simulations confirm that covalent bonding enhances interfacial phonon coupling, reducing inter-filler thermal resistance by over an order of magnitude. Moreover, the unique “sheet-rod” architecture of GNPs@CNTs enhances mechanical interlocking at the filler-matrix interface, increasing composite tensile strength and fracture strain by 33 % and 40 % at only 0.5 wt% filler loading. This work provides new insights for designing hybrid fillers with high k and low interfacial thermal resistance, demonstrating promising potential for thermally conductive polymer-based composites in thermal management.

先进聚合物基复合材料的高效热管理对于确保其工程应用的安全性和可靠性至关重要。然而，导热填料的结构缺陷和界面热阻限制了导热系数(k)的增强。本文提出了一种创新的缺陷引导原位生长策略，用于修复填料缺陷，构建共价键合的杂化填料。具体来说，石墨烯纳米片（GNPs）中的缺陷位点锚定金属有机框架，使碳纳米管（CNTs）通过化学气相沉积催化生长，形成共价键合GNPs@CNTs异质结构。通过将预制的多尺度填料加入到含能复合材料（聚合物粘结炸药，PBX）中，在填充量为1 wt%时，PBX复合材料的k达到1.165 W m−1 k−1，比纯PBX提高了74%。理论模型和分子动力学模拟证实，共价键增强了界面声子耦合，降低了填料间的热阻超过一个数量级。此外，GNPs@CNTs独特的“片状棒”结构增强了填料-基体界面的机械联锁，在填料加载量仅为0.5 wt%时，复合材料的抗拉强度和断裂应变分别提高了33%和40%。这项工作为设计具有高k和低界面热阻的杂化填料提供了新的见解，展示了导热聚合物基复合材料在热管理方面的巨大潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Non-thermal plasma treatment to optimize surface preparation for SEM-EBSD investigations of graphite in ductile cast iron 非热等离子体处理优化球墨铸铁中石墨SEM-EBSD研究的表面制备

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121058

Felix Mori , Viktor Udachin , Hanka Becker , Lienhard Wegewitz , Babette Tonn

In ductile cast iron, the graphite particles are embedded in the iron matrix in a spheroidal form. Its morphology is a decisive factor for the excellent ductility and strength properties of this casting material. The spheroidal form is promoted by a magnesium treatment of the melt before casting. However, the increasing chemical versatility of steel scrap used in future casting processes can introduce trace elements that interfere with graphite growth, leading to morphological degeneration away from the ideal spheroidal form. For a better understanding of formation and growth mechanisms of different graphite morphologies, it is essential to investigate the crystallographic growth characteristics of the graphite phase.

Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Electron Backscatter Diffraction (SEM-EBSD) offers means to analyze crystallographic orientations. However, EBSD measurement of graphite is challenging due to its high defect density and vulnerability to damage from conventional metallographic preparation. The soft and brittle nature of graphite makes it highly susceptible to artefacts during mechanical grinding and polishing, while its chemical inertness limits the effectiveness of standard etching methods. Hence, the potential of novel combination of air and argon-hydrogen plasma treatment with ion beam polishing is evaluated as final metallographic preparation step. Subsequent EBSD analyses demonstrate that IBP alone—and even more so when combined with plasma treatment—significantly improves at an average the quality of Kikuchi patterns and indexing rates. An exemplary analysis of the core-shell [0001] growth architecture and segment-wise microstructure of spheroidal graphite particles is presented.

在球墨铸铁中，石墨颗粒以球体形式嵌入铁基体中。其形貌是决定这种铸造材料优良延展性和强度性能的决定性因素。在铸造前对熔体进行镁处理，促进了球体的形成。然而，在未来的铸造工艺中，越来越多的废钢的化学用途可以引入微量元素，干扰石墨的生长，导致形态退化，远离理想的球体形式。为了更好地了解不同形态石墨的形成和生长机理，有必要研究石墨相的晶体生长特征。扫描电子显微镜结合电子背散射衍射（SEM-EBSD）提供了分析晶体取向的手段。然而，石墨的EBSD测量具有挑战性，因为石墨的缺陷密度高，容易受到传统金相制备的破坏。石墨的软脆特性使其在机械研磨和抛光过程中极易受到人工制品的影响，而其化学惰性限制了标准蚀刻方法的有效性。因此，评价了空气和氩氢等离子体结合离子束抛光作为金相制备最后步骤的潜力。随后的EBSD分析表明，IBP单独治疗，甚至结合血浆治疗，显著提高了菊池模式的平均质量和索引率。提出了对球形石墨颗粒的核-壳[0001]生长结构和分段微结构的示例性分析。

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Europium oxide templated carbon aerogels for efficient sound insulation 用于高效隔音的氧化铕模板碳气凝胶

IF 11.6 2区材料科学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, PHYSICAL

Carbon

Pub Date : 2025-11-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121067

Arslan Umer , Daniel W. Tague , Aaron Grabinsky , Gustavo Felicio Perruci , John P. Ferraris , Hongbing Lu , Kenneth J. Balkus Jr.

Carbon aerogels with an ultralow bulk density of 0.01 g cm⁻³ were synthesized from acetylene and steam using europium oxide nanoparticles as both catalyst and template. The resulting carbon exhibits an electrical conductivity of 4.62 × 10⁵ S/m and a surface area of 662 m²/g. Acoustic insulation performance was evaluated in the frequency range of 1–2 kHz, showing sound transmission losses up to 34 dB for a 7.6 mm thick sample.

以氧化铕纳米颗粒为催化剂和模板，以乙炔和蒸汽为原料合成了体积密度为0.01 g cm−3的超低碳气凝胶。所得碳的电导率为4.62 × 105 S/m，表面积为662 m2/g。在1-2 kHz频率范围内评估隔声性能，显示7.6 mm厚样品的声音传输损失高达34 dB。

引用次数: 0

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