Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121247
Nicolò Galvani , Jasper R. Plaisier , Cosimo Anichini , Alicia Moya , Paolo Samorì , Andrea Liscio , Fabiola Liscio
Understanding and controlling the evolution of the graphene oxide (GO) structure during thermal reduction is critical for tailoring the reduced GO (rGO) properties for applications in energy storage and generation, electronics, and membrane. While previous in-situ diffraction studies have largely focused on interlayer collapse along the (00ℓ) direction, the fate of the in-plane lattice and stacking registry has remained elusive. Here, we use synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, complemented by in-/out-of-plane laboratory measurements on films, to monitor the (100)/(101) region of GO during reduction. Applying the Basic Structural Components (BSC) model, we quantitatively track turbostratic single layers, AB-paired bilayers, and short Bernal ABA sequences, alongside the evolving in-plane lattice parameter. We uncover a transient, rate-selected amorphous-like regime (140–190 °C) where the (100) intensity nearly vanishes, followed by divergent kinetic pathways: fast ramps trap AB-enriched but ABA-deficient states even at 900 °C, whereas slow ramps (≤0.5 °C/min) below ∼240 °C enable progressive AB ordering and the emergence of short-range ABA. These results establish a process–structure map linking thermal history to stacking registry and in-plane strain. Beyond elucidating the reduction mechanism, our work outlines kinetic guidelines to deliberately trap amorphous-like 2D carbon or promote AB/ABA order, providing a controllable pathway to engineer interlayer coupling in rGO.
{"title":"Kinetically trapped amorphous states and AB pairing in rGO: an in-situ XRD study of process–structure map","authors":"Nicolò Galvani , Jasper R. Plaisier , Cosimo Anichini , Alicia Moya , Paolo Samorì , Andrea Liscio , Fabiola Liscio","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121247","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121247","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding and controlling the evolution of the graphene oxide (GO) structure during thermal reduction is critical for tailoring the reduced GO (rGO) properties for applications in energy storage and generation, electronics, and membrane. While previous in-situ diffraction studies have largely focused on interlayer collapse along the (00ℓ) direction, the fate of the in-plane lattice and stacking registry has remained elusive. Here, we use synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, complemented by in-/out-of-plane laboratory measurements on films, to monitor the (100)/(101) region of GO during reduction. Applying the Basic Structural Components (BSC) model, we quantitatively track turbostratic single layers, AB-paired bilayers, and short Bernal ABA sequences, alongside the evolving in-plane lattice parameter. We uncover a transient, rate-selected amorphous-like regime (140–190 °C) where the (100) intensity nearly vanishes, followed by divergent kinetic pathways: fast ramps trap AB-enriched but ABA-deficient states even at 900 °C, whereas slow ramps (≤0.5 °C/min) below ∼240 °C enable progressive AB ordering and the emergence of short-range ABA. These results establish a process–structure map linking thermal history to stacking registry and in-plane strain. Beyond elucidating the reduction mechanism, our work outlines kinetic guidelines to deliberately trap amorphous-like 2D carbon or promote AB/ABA order, providing a controllable pathway to engineer interlayer coupling in rGO.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121247"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-12DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121260
Navneet Matharoo , Mohammed Fawaz , Nithinraj Panangattu Dharmarajan , Jae-Hun Yang , Xuan Minh Chau Ta , Ayona K. Jose , Vibin Perumalsamy , Matej Huš , Yuwei Wang , Antonio Tricoli , Prashant Kumar , Blaž Likozar , Chung-Hwan Jeon , Ramaswamy Murugavel , Ajayan Vinu
Present day energy demands require greener, cleaner, scalable and high-rate hydrogen production by employing abundant solar energy-driven catalysis. Amongst emerging low cost photocatalysts, graphitic carbon nitrides (gC3N4) have emerged as exciting platforms for hydrogen production using sunlight due to their interesting semiconducting properties with the unique band structure. However, the fast electron-hole recombination in g-C3N4 restricts their high performance in producing hydrogen which limits its wider applicability for large scale H2 production. Synergistic hybridization of gC3N4 with two-dimensional (2D) transition metal organo-phosphates can potentially ensure swift charge transfer, which however has never been realized. Keeping in mind the urgency, we herein report the first demonstration of the synthesis of gC3N4-2D cobalt di-tert-butyl phosphate bipyridine (CDTBP) hybrids for facile and enhanced H2 production under visible light. Further analysis with the transmission electron microscopic imaging (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) reveal the inter-layer coupling and bond alignment, confirming the synergistic hybridization between the component layers. This novel hybrid nanosystem achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 682.4 μmol h−1 g−1, outperforming state-of-the-art g-C3N4–based photocatalysts such as CoPi/g-C3N4 (234 μmol h−1 g−1) and cobalt phosphate hydroxide/g-C3N4 (254 μmol h−1 g−1), demonstrating the strong synergistic effect of the 2D–2D CDTBP-g-C3N4 interface. Suppression of exciton recombination in CDTBP- gC3N4 as compared to pristine gC3N4, and consequent 25-fold enhancement in photocurrent upon hybridization reveals the swift charge transfer. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of developing advanced hybrid nanocatalysts for scalable hydrogen production.
{"title":"Synergistic 2-D cobalt di-tert-butyl phosphate grid graphitic carbon nitride (gC3N4) hybrids for rapid photocatalytic hydrogen evolution","authors":"Navneet Matharoo , Mohammed Fawaz , Nithinraj Panangattu Dharmarajan , Jae-Hun Yang , Xuan Minh Chau Ta , Ayona K. Jose , Vibin Perumalsamy , Matej Huš , Yuwei Wang , Antonio Tricoli , Prashant Kumar , Blaž Likozar , Chung-Hwan Jeon , Ramaswamy Murugavel , Ajayan Vinu","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Present day energy demands require greener, cleaner, scalable and high-rate hydrogen production by employing abundant solar energy-driven catalysis. Amongst emerging low cost photocatalysts, graphitic carbon nitrides (gC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>) have emerged as exciting platforms for hydrogen production using sunlight due to their interesting semiconducting properties with the unique band structure. However, the fast electron-hole recombination in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> restricts their high performance in producing hydrogen which limits its wider applicability for large scale H<sub>2</sub> production. Synergistic hybridization of gC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with two-dimensional (2D) transition metal organo-phosphates can potentially ensure swift charge transfer, which however has never been realized. Keeping in mind the urgency, we herein report the first demonstration of the synthesis of gC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>-2D cobalt di-tert-butyl phosphate bipyridine (CDTBP) hybrids for facile and enhanced H<sub>2</sub> production under visible light. Further analysis with the transmission electron microscopic imaging (HRTEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS) reveal the inter-layer coupling and bond alignment, confirming the synergistic hybridization between the component layers. This novel hybrid nanosystem achieves a hydrogen evolution rate of 682.4 μmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, outperforming state-of-the-art g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>–based photocatalysts such as CoPi/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (234 μmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>) and cobalt phosphate hydroxide/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (254 μmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>), demonstrating the strong synergistic effect of the 2D–2D CDTBP-g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> interface. Suppression of exciton recombination in CDTBP- gC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as compared to pristine gC<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4,</sub> and consequent 25-fold enhancement in photocurrent upon hybridization reveals the swift charge transfer. The findings of the present study highlight the importance of developing advanced hybrid nanocatalysts for scalable hydrogen production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121260"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121199
Wang Gan , Wang Hao-ran , Lu Lin-yuan , Li Wan-lin , Chen Nan-nan , He Yun , Zhong Ya-juan , Lin Jun
{"title":"DENSIFICATION AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF CYLINDRICAL GRAPHITE-BASED FUEL ELEMENTS USED IN A MOLTEN SALT REACTOR","authors":"Wang Gan , Wang Hao-ran , Lu Lin-yuan , Li Wan-lin , Chen Nan-nan , He Yun , Zhong Ya-juan , Lin Jun","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121199","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121199"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121169
Carlo Alberto Brondin , Maha Hsouna , Francesca Genuzio , Matteo Jugovac , Marcin Zając , Ewa Partyka-Jankowska , Stefano Bonetti , Andrea Locatelli , Nataša Stojić , Tevfik Onur Menteş
Synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF) with compensated stray magnetic fields offer ideal features for driving topological magnetic structures, skyrmions in particular. Rare-earth free SAFs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be readily fabricated by interposing a graphene spacer between ultrathin 3d transition metals. The prototypical system Fe/graphene/Co hides a surprising level of complexity when considering real interfaces. In our study, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the sensitive dependence of magnetic properties on the structural integrity of the graphene spacer. Spectromicroscopy experiments with chemical, structural and magnetic sensitivity reveal the role of graphene defects in the Fe–Co magnetic coupling. The overall sign and magnitude of the Fe overlayer magnetization can be modified by passivating graphene vacancy defects using nonmagnetic atoms and molecules. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the presence of graphene vacancy defects and metal overlayer clusters can induce ferromagnetic coupling in Fe/graphene/Co. Moreover, calculations demonstrate how the antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe and Co via the graphene spacer is disrupted at the graphene defects, and how it is restored by introducing nonmagnetic atoms at the defect sites. Restoration of antiferromagnetic coupling is confirmed in the experiments by using Ag atoms and carbon containing molecules to passivate the defect sites.
{"title":"Defect-controlled magnetic coupling in graphene-based synthetic antiferromagnets","authors":"Carlo Alberto Brondin , Maha Hsouna , Francesca Genuzio , Matteo Jugovac , Marcin Zając , Ewa Partyka-Jankowska , Stefano Bonetti , Andrea Locatelli , Nataša Stojić , Tevfik Onur Menteş","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121169","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic antiferromagnets (SAF) with compensated stray magnetic fields offer ideal features for driving topological magnetic structures, skyrmions in particular. Rare-earth free SAFs with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy can be readily fabricated by interposing a graphene spacer between ultrathin <em>3d</em> transition metals. The prototypical system Fe/graphene/Co hides a surprising level of complexity when considering real interfaces. In our study, we experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the sensitive dependence of magnetic properties on the structural integrity of the graphene spacer. Spectromicroscopy experiments with chemical, structural and magnetic sensitivity reveal the role of graphene defects in the Fe–Co magnetic coupling. The overall sign and magnitude of the Fe overlayer magnetization can be modified by passivating graphene vacancy defects using nonmagnetic atoms and molecules. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the presence of graphene vacancy defects and metal overlayer clusters can induce ferromagnetic coupling in Fe/graphene/Co. Moreover, calculations demonstrate how the antiferromagnetic coupling between Fe and Co via the graphene spacer is disrupted at the graphene defects, and how it is restored by introducing nonmagnetic atoms at the defect sites. Restoration of antiferromagnetic coupling is confirmed in the experiments by using Ag atoms and carbon containing molecules to passivate the defect sites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121169"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-13DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121261
Jun Tang , Zan-Song Li , Xiu-Bo Liu , Guo-Dong Chen , Fan Liu , Sai Wang , Fan-Gui Meng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Kai-Ming Wang
Wear and oxidation failures of titanium alloys at high temperatures are becoming common. Therefore, in this study, the graphite/CuNiTiCrNb high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared by laser cladding to improve the wear and oxidation resistance of Ti6Al4V under high temperature. The results indicate that graphite decomposition produced carbide phases (TiC and Ti2AlC/Ti3AlC), which increased the hardness of the coatings. As the graphite content increased (1–3 wt%), the wear rate and oxidation rate decreased from 31 to 2.47 × 10−5 mm3/Nm, 22.83 to 14.27 mg2/cm4·h, respectively. The layered phases composed of residual graphite and Ti2AlC/Ti3AlC combined with oxides (Cr2O3 and TiO2) to form a mixed oxide layer, thereby enhancing the wear resistance of the coatings. At the C3 coating surface, a denser oxide layer composed of Cr2O3 and TiO2 was formed. The dense oxide layer and the “stacking” barrier effect of graphite effectively slowed down the diffusion of oxygen, thereby improving the oxidation resistance ability of the coating.
{"title":"Tribology and oxidation properties of graphite/CuNiTiCrNb HEA coatings produced by laser cladding","authors":"Jun Tang , Zan-Song Li , Xiu-Bo Liu , Guo-Dong Chen , Fan Liu , Sai Wang , Fan-Gui Meng , Dong-Sheng Wang , Kai-Ming Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121261","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121261","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wear and oxidation failures of titanium alloys at high temperatures are becoming common. Therefore, in this study, the graphite/CuNiTiCrNb high-entropy alloy (HEA) coatings were prepared by laser cladding to improve the wear and oxidation resistance of Ti6Al4V under high temperature. The results indicate that graphite decomposition produced carbide phases (TiC and Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC/Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC), which increased the hardness of the coatings. As the graphite content increased (1–3 wt%), the wear rate and oxidation rate decreased from 31 to 2.47 × 10<sup>−5</sup> mm<sup>3</sup>/Nm, 22.83 to 14.27 mg<sup>2</sup>/cm<sup>4</sup>·h, respectively. The layered phases composed of residual graphite and Ti<sub>2</sub>AlC/Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC combined with oxides (Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub>) to form a mixed oxide layer, thereby enhancing the wear resistance of the coatings. At the C3 coating surface, a denser oxide layer composed of Cr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> was formed. The dense oxide layer and the “stacking” barrier effect of graphite effectively slowed down the diffusion of oxygen, thereby improving the oxidation resistance ability of the coating.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121261"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121252
Yin Zhao , Jiali Li , Yuehua Liu , Zheng He , Yuzhe Qian , Zhi Wang , Junhao Liu , Deping Xu , Yonggang Wang , Xuzhong Gong
Commercial silicon-graphite anodes typically restrict the silicon fraction below 10 % to preserve structural integrity, yet this compromises their energy density. When the silicon content rises to ∼20 %, the severe volume mismatch between silicon and graphite generates interfacial delamination, SEI overgrowth, and rapid capacity decay. Conventional carbon coatings fail to resolve this conflict—soft carbons creep plastically, while hard carbons are rigid but disordered, causing brittle fracture and weak interfacial bonding. Here, we introduce a Cu-regulated carbonization microenvironment strategy to construct a robust silicon-graphite composite. Trace Cu catalytically redirects the pyrolysis of glucose toward aromatization-graphitization, yielding a high-sp2, densely stacked carbon sheath with superior conductivity and mechanical strength. Simultaneously, Cu acts as a chemical welder, weakening Si–Si bonds and inducing covalent Si–C/Si–O–C linkages that anchor the carbon shell to the active core. The resulting Cu-templated composite maintains structural integrity and achieves 94.3 % capacity retention after 600 cycles at 0.2 A g−1. This work establishes a dual catalytic-interfacial function of Cu, offering a new paradigm for carbon microenvironment regulation in high-silicon composite anodes.
为了保持结构的完整性，商用硅石墨阳极通常会将硅的含量限制在10%以下，但这会损害其能量密度。当硅含量上升到~ 20%时，硅和石墨之间严重的体积失配会产生界面分层、SEI过度生长和容量快速衰减。传统的碳涂层无法解决这一矛盾——软碳具有塑性蠕变，而硬碳具有刚性但无序性，导致脆性断裂和界面结合弱。在这里，我们介绍了一种cu调节碳化微环境策略来构建坚固的硅-石墨复合材料。微量Cu催化重定向葡萄糖的热解向芳构化-石墨化，产生高sp2，密集堆叠的碳鞘具有优异的导电性和机械强度。同时，Cu充当化学焊机，削弱Si-Si键，诱导共价Si-C / Si-O-C键，将碳壳固定在活性核心上。得到的cu模板复合材料在0.2 A g−1下循环600次后保持结构完整性，并达到94.3%的容量保持率。本研究建立了Cu的双催化界面功能，为高硅复合材料阳极中的碳微环境调控提供了新的范例。
{"title":"Cu-catalyzed carbonization microenvironment enables interfacial coupling in silicon-graphite anodes","authors":"Yin Zhao , Jiali Li , Yuehua Liu , Zheng He , Yuzhe Qian , Zhi Wang , Junhao Liu , Deping Xu , Yonggang Wang , Xuzhong Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2026.121252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Commercial silicon-graphite anodes typically restrict the silicon fraction below 10 % to preserve structural integrity, yet this compromises their energy density. When the silicon content rises to ∼20 %, the severe volume mismatch between silicon and graphite generates interfacial delamination, SEI overgrowth, and rapid capacity decay. Conventional carbon coatings fail to resolve this conflict—soft carbons creep plastically, while hard carbons are rigid but disordered, causing brittle fracture and weak interfacial bonding. Here, we introduce a Cu-regulated carbonization microenvironment strategy to construct a robust silicon-graphite composite. Trace Cu catalytically redirects the pyrolysis of glucose toward aromatization-graphitization, yielding a high-<em>sp</em><sup>2</sup>, densely stacked carbon sheath with superior conductivity and mechanical strength. Simultaneously, Cu acts as a chemical welder, weakening Si–Si bonds and inducing covalent Si–C/Si–<em>O</em>–C linkages that anchor the carbon shell to the active core. The resulting Cu-templated composite maintains structural integrity and achieves 94.3 % capacity retention after 600 cycles at 0.2 A g<sup>−1</sup>. This work establishes a dual catalytic-interfacial function of Cu, offering a new paradigm for carbon microenvironment regulation in high-silicon composite anodes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121252"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121189
Yu Sun , Huo Kai-xuan , Fang Hai-qiu , Wang Yang , Wu Ming-bo
{"title":"A REVIEW OF RECENT PROGRESS ON CO2 HYDROGENATION TO METHANE BY Ni-BASED CATALYSTS SUPPORTED ON CARBON MATERIALS","authors":"Yu Sun , Huo Kai-xuan , Fang Hai-qiu , Wang Yang , Wu Ming-bo","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121189"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2026-01-21DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121197
Li Hui , Yang Tao , Song Yan , Zhao Ning , Ma Zi-hui , Qi Su-xia , Cui Zhen-hai , Tian Xiao-dong , Liu Zhan-jun
{"title":"EFFECT OF THE ADDITION OF TEREPHTHALIC ACID ON THE FORMATION OF COAL TAR PITCH-BASED MESOPHASE IN THE AlCl3 CATALYTIC SYSTEM","authors":"Li Hui , Yang Tao , Song Yan , Zhao Ning , Ma Zi-hui , Qi Su-xia , Cui Zhen-hai , Tian Xiao-dong , Liu Zhan-jun","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121197"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-10Epub Date: 2025-12-30DOI: 10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121218
Yahang Wang , Zhendong Jia , Lin Cao , Jianghua Shen , Jinshan Li , Biao Chen
An ex-situ alloying approach was developed to tackle the uniform dispersion challenge of high-content carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in hard aluminum (Al) alloy powders that are difficult to deform during the high energy ball milling (HEBM) process. The approach includes (1) attaining uniform distribution of high-content CNTs in soft pure Al powders via HEBM, followed by (2) short-duration HEBM with elemental Zn/Mg/Cu powders. Microstructural analysis showed that the high-content CNTs promoted dynamic recrystallization in the Al matrix, leading to a heterogeneous grain structure consisting of fine-grained and coarse-grained zones. The high density of dislocations introduced by CNTs resulted in more and finer precipitates in the fine-grained zones. The synergistic enhancement between CNTs and precipitates in composite yielded an exceptionally high tensile strength of 855 MPa, which registered a new record among the bulk CNTs/Al composites in literature. The strengthening mechanisms were discussed based on thorough microstructure characterizations. This study proposes a paradigm for microstructure tailoring to fabricate Al alloy composites reinforced with high-content CNTs via optimized preparation techniques and precipitation engineering.
{"title":"Fabrication of ultrahigh-strength aluminum matrix composites reinforced with high-content carbon nanotubes and ex-situ added alloying elements","authors":"Yahang Wang , Zhendong Jia , Lin Cao , Jianghua Shen , Jinshan Li , Biao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.carbon.2025.121218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An ex-situ alloying approach was developed to tackle the uniform dispersion challenge of high-content carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in hard aluminum (Al) alloy powders that are difficult to deform during the high energy ball milling (HEBM) process. The approach includes (1) attaining uniform distribution of high-content CNTs in soft pure Al powders via HEBM, followed by (2) short-duration HEBM with elemental Zn/Mg/Cu powders. Microstructural analysis showed that the high-content CNTs promoted dynamic recrystallization in the Al matrix, leading to a heterogeneous grain structure consisting of fine-grained and coarse-grained zones. The high density of dislocations introduced by CNTs resulted in more and finer precipitates in the fine-grained zones. The synergistic enhancement between CNTs and precipitates in composite yielded an exceptionally high tensile strength of 855 MPa, which registered a new record among the bulk CNTs/Al composites in literature. The strengthening mechanisms were discussed based on thorough microstructure characterizations. This study proposes a paradigm for microstructure tailoring to fabricate Al alloy composites reinforced with high-content CNTs via optimized preparation techniques and precipitation engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":262,"journal":{"name":"Carbon","volume":"249 ","pages":"Article 121218"},"PeriodicalIF":11.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145882720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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