Üstün özelliklerinden dolayı, grafen oksit (GO), nano-biyo araştırmacılarının biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanımını araştırmaları için potansiyel bir aday haline gelmiştir. Akıllı tıp ve genetik mühendisliğinde grafen bazlı malzemelerin biyomedikal kullanımlarını keşfetmek için son yıllarda önemli çabalar sarf edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kanser tedavisinde kullanılan ticari olarak temin edilebilen dakarbazinin (DTIC) elektronik özellikleri ve GO nanokafesindeki adsorpsiyonu, yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisi (DFT) kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. DTIC ayrıca imidazol karboksamid olarak da bilinir. Melanom ve Hodgkin lenfoma tedavisinde kullanılan alkilleyici bir pürin analoğu kemoterapi ilacıdır. Hodgkin genellikle vinblastin, bleomisin ve doksorubisin ile kombinasyon halinde kullanır. Damar içine enjeksiyonla verilir.
氧化石墨烯（GO）因其卓越的性能，已成为纳米生物研究人员研究其生物医学应用的潜在候选材料。近年来，人们一直在努力探索石墨烯基材料在智能医学和基因工程中的生物医学用途。本研究采用密度泛函理论（DFT）计算了用于癌症治疗的市售达卡巴嗪（DTIC）的电子特性及其在 GO 纳米晶片上的吸附情况。DTIC 又称咪唑羧酰胺。它是一种烷化嘌呤类似物化疗药物，用于治疗黑色素瘤和霍奇金淋巴瘤。霍奇金淋巴瘤通常将其与长春新碱、博来霉素和多柔比星联合使用。它通过静脉注射给药。
{"title":"Investigation of the adsorption of dacarbazine (DTIC), which is used as an anticancer drug, on graphene oxide by DFT calculation method","authors":"Begüm Çağla Akbaş, E. Akbas","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1272379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1272379","url":null,"abstract":"Üstün özelliklerinden dolayı, grafen oksit (GO), nano-biyo araştırmacılarının biyomedikal uygulamalarda kullanımını araştırmaları için potansiyel bir aday haline gelmiştir. Akıllı tıp ve genetik mühendisliğinde grafen bazlı malzemelerin biyomedikal kullanımlarını keşfetmek için son yıllarda önemli çabalar sarf edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kanser tedavisinde kullanılan ticari olarak temin edilebilen dakarbazinin (DTIC) elektronik özellikleri ve GO nanokafesindeki adsorpsiyonu, yoğunluk fonksiyonel teorisi (DFT) kullanılarak hesaplanmıştır. DTIC ayrıca imidazol karboksamid olarak da bilinir. Melanom ve Hodgkin lenfoma tedavisinde kullanılan alkilleyici bir pürin analoğu kemoterapi ilacıdır. Hodgkin genellikle vinblastin, bleomisin ve doksorubisin ile kombinasyon halinde kullanır. Damar içine enjeksiyonla verilir.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting using solar energy is one of the promising trend research topics within the scope of green energy production. A photoelectrochemical set up consists of photoelectrode materials that directly uses photon energy convers water to hydrogen and oxygen. The photoelectrodes are photoanode and photocathode materials n-type and p-type semiconductor, respectively. In this study, the 3D TiO2 photoanode surface was modified by coating it with reduced graphene (rG) added polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel. PVA synthetic polymer with thermal stability, mechanical stability and low cost was preferred to provide distribution of rG material on 3D TiO2 active surfaces. In this context, different amounts of rG (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%, based on polymer weight) impregnated with PVA gel coated on the 3D TiO2 semiconductor surface were investigated. The solar light absorption behaviour and molecular interactions of the different amounts of rG in PVA on 3D TiO2 semiconductor were monitored by UV-vis and Raman spectrometer. A photocatalytic performance of photoelectrodes were conducted by Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometric measurement under 100 mW cm-2 solar light. Raman spectrum showed dispersion of RG in PVA. EIS measurement showed that the polarization resistance (Rp) increased in 3D TiO2 with only PVA coating, while the addition of rG to PVA caused a decrease in Rp at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface under sunlight. Furthermore, LSV and chronoamperometric measurement concluded that the increased amount of rG added to PVA increased the photoresponse of 3D TiO2 up to the limit rG value.
{"title":"3D TiO2 modified with reduced graphene embed into polyvinyl alcohol: photoanode electrode for oxygen evolution reaction","authors":"Fatih Tezcan, Didem Demi̇r","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1247384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1247384","url":null,"abstract":"The photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting using solar energy is one of the promising trend research topics within the scope of green energy production. A photoelectrochemical set up consists of photoelectrode materials that directly uses photon energy convers water to hydrogen and oxygen. The photoelectrodes are photoanode and photocathode materials n-type and p-type semiconductor, respectively. In this study, the 3D TiO2 photoanode surface was modified by coating it with reduced graphene (rG) added polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) gel. PVA synthetic polymer with thermal stability, mechanical stability and low cost was preferred to provide distribution of rG material on 3D TiO2 active surfaces. In this context, different amounts of rG (2.5, 5, 10 and 20%, based on polymer weight) impregnated with PVA gel coated on the 3D TiO2 semiconductor surface were investigated. The solar light absorption behaviour and molecular interactions of the different amounts of rG in PVA on 3D TiO2 semiconductor were monitored by UV-vis and Raman spectrometer. A photocatalytic performance of photoelectrodes were conducted by Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and chronoamperometric measurement under 100 mW cm-2 solar light. Raman spectrum showed dispersion of RG in PVA. EIS measurement showed that the polarization resistance (Rp) increased in 3D TiO2 with only PVA coating, while the addition of rG to PVA caused a decrease in Rp at the semiconductor/electrolyte interface under sunlight. Furthermore, LSV and chronoamperometric measurement concluded that the increased amount of rG added to PVA increased the photoresponse of 3D TiO2 up to the limit rG value.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"122 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139341619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Each tissue has its own anatomy and physiology. The deterioration of these structures by various effects (crushing, puncture, pathogens, etc.) is called as wound. The tissue exposed to these effects wants to gain the same function and anatomy. This phenomenon is called wound healing. Wound healing is a process that involves many reactions and cytokines. Since it is known that TGF-β3 and VEGF-A proteins which are among these cytokines, play an active role in wound healing stages. In the present study, it was decided to examine the wound healing effects of the non human gingival fibroblast cells comperatively. Wound healing process under the influence of these cytokines was performed by in vitro scratch analysis which is known as easy, reliable and cheap technique. In this context, firstly cell viability analysis was performed to determine the most effective dose for inducing cell proliferation. After this experimental step, gingival cells were incubated for 72 hours with suitable TGF-β3 and VEGF-A doses. As a result of the study, it was concluded that TGF-β3 and VEGF-A proteins are not cytotoxic and have a wound-healing effect on gingival fibroblast cells.
{"title":"Comparison of the Wound Healing Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) and Transforming Growth Factor Beta 3 (TGF-β3) on Gingival Cells","authors":"Serkan Yelli̇, Aslı Yildirim, Seçil Erden Tayhan, Sema Bilgin, İ̇sa Gökçe","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1249472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1249472","url":null,"abstract":"Each tissue has its own anatomy and physiology. The deterioration of these structures by various effects (crushing, puncture, pathogens, etc.) is called as wound. The tissue exposed to these effects wants to gain the same function and anatomy. This phenomenon is called wound healing. Wound healing is a process that involves many reactions and cytokines. Since it is known that TGF-β3 and VEGF-A proteins which are among these cytokines, play an active role in wound healing stages. In the present study, it was decided to examine the wound healing effects of the non human gingival fibroblast cells comperatively. Wound healing process under the influence of these cytokines was performed by in vitro scratch analysis which is known as easy, reliable and cheap technique. In this context, firstly cell viability analysis was performed to determine the most effective dose for inducing cell proliferation. After this experimental step, gingival cells were incubated for 72 hours with suitable TGF-β3 and VEGF-A doses. As a result of the study, it was concluded that TGF-β3 and VEGF-A proteins are not cytotoxic and have a wound-healing effect on gingival fibroblast cells.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139354323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, homo-polymerization of N-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylamide (NPA) monomer was performed and firstly poly(NPA) homopolymer was synthesized in the literature. The structure of synthesized homopolymer was chemically characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Thermal behavior was investigated with DSC, and TGA/DTA/DTG simultaneous system. Biologically, antimicrobial activity (E. coli, S. aureus, B. megaterium, E. aeroginosa, C. tropicalis) test research was performed. Followed the cytotoxic effect of polymer was investigated using XTT assay on HeLa cells.
{"title":"A new polymer synthesis: structural characterization, antimicrobial and antiproliferative activity","authors":"N. Çankaya","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1197666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1197666","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, homo-polymerization of N-(4-nitrophenyl) acrylamide (NPA) monomer was performed and firstly poly(NPA) homopolymer was synthesized in the literature. The structure of synthesized homopolymer was chemically characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic techniques and elemental analysis. Thermal behavior was investigated with DSC, and TGA/DTA/DTG simultaneous system. Biologically, antimicrobial activity (E. coli, S. aureus, B. megaterium, E. aeroginosa, C. tropicalis) test research was performed. Followed the cytotoxic effect of polymer was investigated using XTT assay on HeLa cells.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"48 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125914155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research was conducted in order to guide farmers and researchers by determining grain, forage yield and yield-related traits and forage quality of different parts of the whole plant in some maize cultivars in Eastern Mediterranean ecological conditions. In this study, it was assessed grain and forage yield and fodder quality of four maize cultivars (PR91G98, SY Castaneda, SY Gladius, and SY Tuscani) cultivated under the Estern Mediterranean conditions. To determine forage quality, ear, stem and leaves of the whole plant maize were analyzed separately. To evaluate grain and forage yield, parameters like plant height, stem diameter, hay yield, dry matter yield, green leaf yield, green stem yield, ear weight, green ear yield were investigated while features such as crude protein, crude ash, organic matter, NDF, ADF, digestibility of dry matter, dry matter intake and relative feed value were examined to determine forage quality. The new maize cultivars have been updated continually; it is important to clarify the responses of new varieties to agronomic practices and forage yield, quality, grain yield, and related traits. The results of this study revealed that ear is very important for forage yield and quality. The greatest hay and grain yield were produced by PR31G98 maize cultivar. It was observed SY Tuscani had higher NDF and ADF values than other maize varieties. With this study, the importance of nutrient content according to silage yield and plant parts in second crop corn cultivation was determined. In addition, research results showed important source data for farmers and researchers regarding forage and grain yield of maize farming and production area is continually increasing.
{"title":"Doğu Akdeniz koşullarında ikinci ürün olarak yetiştirilen bazı hibrit mısır genotiplerinde tane ve yem verimi ile yem kalite özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi","authors":"İbrahim Erteki̇n, Ömer Konuşkan, İbrahim Atiş","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1265612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1265612","url":null,"abstract":"This research was conducted in order to guide farmers and researchers by determining grain, forage yield and yield-related traits and forage quality of different parts of the whole plant in some maize cultivars in Eastern Mediterranean ecological conditions. In this study, it was assessed grain and forage yield and fodder quality of four maize cultivars (PR91G98, SY Castaneda, SY Gladius, and SY Tuscani) cultivated under the Estern Mediterranean conditions. To determine forage quality, ear, stem and leaves of the whole plant maize were analyzed separately. To evaluate grain and forage yield, parameters like plant height, stem diameter, hay yield, dry matter yield, green leaf yield, green stem yield, ear weight, green ear yield were investigated while features such as crude protein, crude ash, organic matter, NDF, ADF, digestibility of dry matter, dry matter intake and relative feed value were examined to determine forage quality. The new maize cultivars have been updated continually; it is important to clarify the responses of new varieties to agronomic practices and forage yield, quality, grain yield, and related traits. The results of this study revealed that ear is very important for forage yield and quality. The greatest hay and grain yield were produced by PR31G98 maize cultivar. It was observed SY Tuscani had higher NDF and ADF values than other maize varieties. With this study, the importance of nutrient content according to silage yield and plant parts in second crop corn cultivation was determined. In addition, research results showed important source data for farmers and researchers regarding forage and grain yield of maize farming and production area is continually increasing.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132542746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The removal of dyes from aqueous solution with cheap and abundant adsorbents is becoming increasingly important for the solution of a serious environmental problem such as wastewater treatment. In this study, isotherm and kinetic modeling of the adsorption of methylene blue on pumice, a porous and glassy volcanic rock resistant to physical and chemical factors, was aimed. For this, the compatibility of the experimental data with the isotherm and kinetic models was examined, and information about the efficiency, effectiveness and rate of adsorption was tried to be obtained. Experimental data have been applied to isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Brenuer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Dubinin- Radushkevich, and Harkins-Jura, and kinetic models such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion. While the order of fit for the isotherm models was determined as Freundlich > Harkins-Jura > Dubinin- Radushkevich based on the results of the regression analysis, the highest fit was obtained with the Freundlich equation (R2:0.993). Thus, the adsorption intensity (n) of methylene blue on pumice was calculated as 1.14 and the adsorption capacity (k) of pumice was calculated as 6.43. On the other hand, the order of fit of the experimental data to the kinetic models was determined as pseudo-second order > pseudo-first order > intra particle diffusion according to the regression coefficients. However, the highest consistency among the kinetic models was obtained with the pseudo-second order kinetic model(R2:1.000).
{"title":"Isotherm and kinetic modeling of the adsorption of methylene blue, a cationic dye, on pumice","authors":"K. Güneş","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1279701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1279701","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of dyes from aqueous solution with cheap and abundant adsorbents is becoming increasingly important for the solution of a serious environmental problem such as wastewater treatment. In this study, isotherm and kinetic modeling of the adsorption of methylene blue on pumice, a porous and glassy volcanic rock resistant to physical and chemical factors, was aimed. For this, the compatibility of the experimental data with the isotherm and kinetic models was examined, and information about the efficiency, effectiveness and rate of adsorption was tried to be obtained. Experimental data have been applied to isotherm models such as Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Brenuer-Emmet-Teller (BET), Dubinin- Radushkevich, and Harkins-Jura, and kinetic models such as pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion. While the order of fit for the isotherm models was determined as Freundlich > Harkins-Jura > Dubinin- Radushkevich based on the results of the regression analysis, the highest fit was obtained with the Freundlich equation (R2:0.993). Thus, the adsorption intensity (n) of methylene blue on pumice was calculated as 1.14 and the adsorption capacity (k) of pumice was calculated as 6.43. On the other hand, the order of fit of the experimental data to the kinetic models was determined as pseudo-second order > pseudo-first order > intra particle diffusion according to the regression coefficients. However, the highest consistency among the kinetic models was obtained with the pseudo-second order kinetic model(R2:1.000).","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132615266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Uysal, F. Mohammed, Oğuzhan Koçer, M. Doğan, M. Sevindik
Throughout history, people have found several uses for plants. Numerous research have demonstrated the widespread application of plants as a kind of supplementary therapy. Samples of Sideritis libanotica subsp. kurdica (Bornm.) Hub.-Mor, often known as mountain tea, were gathered in Iraq and analysed for their antioxidant and oxidant status, DPPH activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. The plant's aerial parts were utilised for this purpose. A soxhlet was used to get the plant's ethanol extract. The levels of antioxidants and free radicals were measured by Rel assay kits. The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using the DPPH technique. The total phenolic content was calculated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Aluminum chloride analysis was used to calculate the total flavonoid content. The results showed that the aerial parts of the plant had TAS values of 7.934±0.179 mmol/L, TOS values of 10.626±0.275 µmol/L, and OSI values of 0.134±0.001. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 129.75±2.37 and 111.47±3.15 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, DPPH activity at 2 mg/mL was calculated to be 75.15±1.45. S. libanotica subsp. kurdica has been found to have antioxidant activity and is thus a viable natural antioxidant source in this context.
{"title":"Antioxidant and oxidant status, DPPH activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of mountain tea (Sideritis libanotica subsp. kurdica (Bornm.) Hub.-Mor)","authors":"I. Uysal, F. Mohammed, Oğuzhan Koçer, M. Doğan, M. Sevindik","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1288819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1288819","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout history, people have found several uses for plants. Numerous research have demonstrated the widespread application of plants as a kind of supplementary therapy. Samples of Sideritis libanotica subsp. kurdica (Bornm.) Hub.-Mor, often known as mountain tea, were gathered in Iraq and analysed for their antioxidant and oxidant status, DPPH activity, total phenolic and total flavonoid contents. The plant's aerial parts were utilised for this purpose. A soxhlet was used to get the plant's ethanol extract. The levels of antioxidants and free radicals were measured by Rel assay kits. The ability to scavenge free radicals was evaluated using the DPPH technique. The total phenolic content was calculated using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Aluminum chloride analysis was used to calculate the total flavonoid content. The results showed that the aerial parts of the plant had TAS values of 7.934±0.179 mmol/L, TOS values of 10.626±0.275 µmol/L, and OSI values of 0.134±0.001. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were found to be 129.75±2.37 and 111.47±3.15 mg/g, respectively. Furthermore, DPPH activity at 2 mg/mL was calculated to be 75.15±1.45. S. libanotica subsp. kurdica has been found to have antioxidant activity and is thus a viable natural antioxidant source in this context.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115092968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, machine manufacturing is developing rapidly and plastic materials are preferred in some parts of these machines. Rolling bearings, gears, bushings and rollers are some of the machine elements manufactured from plastic in recent years. The working life of the aforementioned machine elements actually depends on the working conditions as well as the material. At the same time, the speed and load carrying capacity of the machine elements or counter materials during operation determine the life of the plastic material. In this experimental study, polyamide 6 polymer, which is among the engineering plastics used in rolling bearings, gears, rollers and bushings, was used. In addition, PA6 polymer blends with 6% wax solid lubricant were produced to increase wear resistance and their tribological performances were investigated. The polyamide 6/wax blend was first produced in granule form in twin screw extruder by compound production method. Then, test specimens were injection molded using the granules. AISI 316L stainless steel was used as a counter-disc in tribology tests. The tests were carried out under dry sliding conditions and at room temperature. Wear tests were carried out on a pin-disc wear tester at two different loads (50 N and 100 N) and four different sliding speeds (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m/s). The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of the materials were determined. According to the test results, an increase in the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of both PA6 polymer and PA6/6% wax blend was observed with increasing sliding speed. At the load and speed ranges studied, the coefficient of friction of pure PA6 polymer varied between 0.25 and 0.36, while the coefficient of friction of PA6/6% wax blend varied between 0.10 and 0.13. The wear rate of PA6 polymer was obtained in the range of 1.2-12x10-4 mm3/Nm, while the wear rate of PA6/6% wax blend was obtained in the range of 1.2-3.0x10-5 mm3/Nm. The addition of 6% wax to PA6 polymer caused a significant decrease in both friction coefficient and wear rate and contact surface temperature.
{"title":"Rulmanlı Yatak, Burç ve Dişli Uygulamaları için Poliamid 6/Vaks Karışımının Tribolojik Performansları","authors":"Hüseyin Ünal, S. Yetgi̇n, Sinan Köse","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1292871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1292871","url":null,"abstract":"Today, machine manufacturing is developing rapidly and plastic materials are preferred in some parts of these machines. Rolling bearings, gears, bushings and rollers are some of the machine elements manufactured from plastic in recent years. The working life of the aforementioned machine elements actually depends on the working conditions as well as the material. At the same time, the speed and load carrying capacity of the machine elements or counter materials during operation determine the life of the plastic material. In this experimental study, polyamide 6 polymer, which is among the engineering plastics used in rolling bearings, gears, rollers and bushings, was used. In addition, PA6 polymer blends with 6% wax solid lubricant were produced to increase wear resistance and their tribological performances were investigated. The polyamide 6/wax blend was first produced in granule form in twin screw extruder by compound production method. Then, test specimens were injection molded using the granules. AISI 316L stainless steel was used as a counter-disc in tribology tests. The tests were carried out under dry sliding conditions and at room temperature. Wear tests were carried out on a pin-disc wear tester at two different loads (50 N and 100 N) and four different sliding speeds (0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 m/s). The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of the materials were determined. According to the test results, an increase in the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of both PA6 polymer and PA6/6% wax blend was observed with increasing sliding speed. At the load and speed ranges studied, the coefficient of friction of pure PA6 polymer varied between 0.25 and 0.36, while the coefficient of friction of PA6/6% wax blend varied between 0.10 and 0.13. The wear rate of PA6 polymer was obtained in the range of 1.2-12x10-4 mm3/Nm, while the wear rate of PA6/6% wax blend was obtained in the range of 1.2-3.0x10-5 mm3/Nm. The addition of 6% wax to PA6 polymer caused a significant decrease in both friction coefficient and wear rate and contact surface temperature.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126714875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Recently, one of the most important nanotechnology products developed is nanostructured membranes. This study aims to produce nanofiber membranes to be used as filter material by electrospinning method from Polyamide-6 (PA6)/Cellulose Acetate (CA) polymer mixtures prepared in different mixing ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50). In the study, firstly, preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the optimum electrospinning process parameters for the production of nanofiber membranes from these PA6/CA polymer mixtures. Then, solutions were prepared from these polymer mixtures and nanofiber membranes were produced from these prepared solutions by electrospinning method. Finally; density, electrical conductivity and viscosity measurements of PA6/CA solutions and FTIR, SEM, thickness and strength tests of nanofiber membranes were performed. In addition, the average nanofiber diameters of membranes were calculated. It has been determined that the average diameter of the nanofibers in the structure of membranes produced by electrospinning method is between 150 – 300 nm. From the characteristic peak bands obtained as a result of the FTIR analysis, it was determined that the PA6/CA structure was intact in the nanofiber material. In addition, it was determined that smooth and very fine nanofibers were formed in the materials produced from SEM images. It was observed that the conductivity of the solution decreased with the increase of the CA mixing ratio in the PA6/CA polymer solution and accordingly the fiber diameter became thinner
{"title":"Production and characterization of polyamide-6 (PA6) and cellulose acetate (CA) based nanofiber membranes by electrospinning method","authors":"Dr. Abdullah Gül, İsmail Ti̇yek","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1207544","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1207544","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, one of the most important nanotechnology products developed is nanostructured membranes. This study aims to produce nanofiber membranes to be used as filter material by electrospinning method from Polyamide-6 (PA6)/Cellulose Acetate (CA) polymer mixtures prepared in different mixing ratios (100/0, 90/10, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50).\u0000\u0000In the study, firstly, preliminary experiments were carried out to determine the optimum electrospinning process parameters for the production of nanofiber membranes from these PA6/CA polymer mixtures. Then, solutions were prepared from these polymer mixtures and nanofiber membranes were produced from these prepared solutions by electrospinning method. Finally; density, electrical conductivity and viscosity measurements of PA6/CA solutions and FTIR, SEM,\u0000thickness and strength tests of nanofiber membranes were performed. In addition, the average nanofiber diameters of membranes were calculated. It has been determined that the average diameter of the nanofibers in the structure of membranes produced by electrospinning method is between 150 – 300 nm. From the characteristic peak bands obtained as a result of the FTIR analysis, it was determined that the PA6/CA structure was intact in the nanofiber material. In addition, it was determined that smooth and very fine nanofibers were formed in the materials produced from SEM images. It was observed that the conductivity of the solution decreased with the increase of the CA mixing ratio in the PA6/CA polymer solution and accordingly the fiber diameter became thinner","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"289 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117299453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ammonia is stored as a liquefied raw material as it is used in the fertilizer and cooling industries. The use of multistage compressors during storage is essential, as the boiling point is very low (-33°C) due to a typical petroleum derivative. Because pressure-temperature optimization with a typical single-stage compressor does not allow ammonia to be stored under atmospheric conditions. The use of condenser and throttling valves used in cooling systems together with multi-stage compressors for storage in atmospheric conditions allows ammonia to be stored in liquid form during storage. In this study, a method has been developed to optimize the energy consumption by calculating the power consumption for the pressure and temperature conditions determined for the liquefaction of anhydrous ammonia, to improve the liquefaction conditions and to minimize the energy consumption.
{"title":"Function of cascade compressors and power consumption optimization in ammonia liquefaction process: a system evaluation with a 6 sigma approach","authors":"A. O. Gezerman, A. Yetgi̇n","doi":"10.32571/ijct.1199179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32571/ijct.1199179","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia is stored as a liquefied raw material as it is used in the fertilizer and cooling industries. The use of multistage compressors during storage is essential, as the boiling point is very low (-33°C) due to a typical petroleum derivative. Because pressure-temperature optimization with a typical single-stage compressor does not allow ammonia to be stored under atmospheric conditions. The use of condenser and throttling valves used in cooling systems together with multi-stage compressors for storage in atmospheric conditions allows ammonia to be stored in liquid form during storage.\u0000\u0000In this study, a method has been developed to optimize the energy consumption by calculating the power consumption for the pressure and temperature conditions determined for the liquefaction of anhydrous ammonia, to improve the liquefaction conditions and to minimize the energy consumption.","PeriodicalId":267255,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Chemistry and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121154637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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