En este trabajo se expone la necesidad de potenciar la investigación de procesos como el camino más adecuado para conocer y explicar el proceso terapéutico al tiempo que se cuestiona la metodología utilizada en la investigación de resultados, predominante en la actualidad para el estudio de la intervención clínica: la comparación de grupos, la asignación de sujetos al azar o la clasificación con etiquetas diagnósticas que dificultan el estudio del proceso terapéutico y la identificación de los elementos que hacen que un tratamiento tenga determinado efecto. Frente a este tipo de investigaciones, se presentan una serie de trabajos que defienden el uso de metodología observacional para la identificación de los procesos de aprendizaje que serían responsables del cambio en terapia, así como el análisis de la interacción terapéutica desde una perspectiva funcional: teniendo en cuenta que la terapia psicológica es fundamentalmente hablada, se plantea que la forma óptima de analizarla es a partir del estudio del intercambio verbal entre cliente y terapeuta. Se presenta un sistema de codificación de la interacción verbal que los autores proponen como herramienta para identificar las funciones de la conducta verbal del terapeuta durante el proceso de intervención clínica y en los distintos trabajos se analizan, entre otros, el papel que desempeñan las instrucciones, los procesos de reforzamiento y control discriminativo, la transferencia de funciones a través de emparejamientos o el lenguaje como proceso colaborativo.
{"title":"Learning process in psychotherapy","authors":"María-Xesús Froxán-Parga","doi":"10.55414/aqcx5a34","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/aqcx5a34","url":null,"abstract":"En este trabajo se expone la necesidad de potenciar la investigación de procesos como el camino más adecuado para conocer y explicar el proceso terapéutico al tiempo que se cuestiona la metodología utilizada en la investigación de resultados, predominante en la actualidad para el estudio de la intervención clínica: la comparación de grupos, la asignación de sujetos al azar o la clasificación con etiquetas diagnósticas que dificultan el estudio del proceso terapéutico y la identificación de los elementos que hacen que un tratamiento tenga determinado efecto. Frente a este tipo de investigaciones, se presentan una serie de trabajos que defienden el uso de metodología observacional para la identificación de los procesos de aprendizaje que serían responsables del cambio en terapia, así como el análisis de la interacción terapéutica desde una perspectiva funcional: teniendo en cuenta que la terapia psicológica es fundamentalmente hablada, se plantea que la forma óptima de analizarla es a partir del estudio del intercambio verbal entre cliente y terapeuta. Se presenta un sistema de codificación de la interacción verbal que los autores proponen como herramienta para identificar las funciones de la conducta verbal del terapeuta durante el proceso de intervención clínica y en los distintos trabajos se analizan, entre otros, el papel que desempeñan las instrucciones, los procesos de reforzamiento y control discriminativo, la transferencia de funciones a través de emparejamientos o el lenguaje como proceso colaborativo.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"27 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Echevarría-Escalante, Víctor Estal-Muñoz, María Fernández-Shaw
The Socratic debate has traditionally been described as a procedure through which the therapist attempts to change the irrational beliefs of their client through questioning and dialogue. From an analytical-functional research perspective, it has been defined as a verbal shaping procedure in which the therapist differentially reinforces protherapeutic utterances. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the discriminative stimuli emitted by the therapist with and without prompts and the responses emitted by the client based on their approach to the therapeutic goal. Sixty debate recordings from 18 cases, which were classified according to their level of effectiveness, were analyzed. The analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the rate per minute of each type of discriminative stimulus according to the level of debate effectiveness. There was also a strong association of the discriminative category with response options and of discriminative with the description of contingencies with the verbalizations approaching the therapeutic goal. It is concluded that some prompts to the discriminative stimulus may make it more likely to evoke target responses, and thus, clients may more efficiently access the verbal reinforcers presented by therapists, facilitating the verbal shaping procedure.
{"title":"Un análisis del estímulo discriminativo durante el debate en contextos clínicos","authors":"Daniel Echevarría-Escalante, Víctor Estal-Muñoz, María Fernández-Shaw","doi":"10.55414/gtvdas80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/gtvdas80","url":null,"abstract":"The Socratic debate has traditionally been described as a procedure through which the therapist attempts to change the irrational beliefs of their client through questioning and dialogue. From an analytical-functional research perspective, it has been defined as a verbal shaping procedure in which the therapist differentially reinforces protherapeutic utterances. The objective of the present study was to analyze the relationship between the discriminative stimuli emitted by the therapist with and without prompts and the responses emitted by the client based on their approach to the therapeutic goal. Sixty debate recordings from 18 cases, which were classified according to their level of effectiveness, were analyzed. The analyses showed no statistically significant differences in the rate per minute of each type of discriminative stimulus according to the level of debate effectiveness. There was also a strong association of the discriminative category with response options and of discriminative with the description of contingencies with the verbalizations approaching the therapeutic goal. It is concluded that some prompts to the discriminative stimulus may make it more likely to evoke target responses, and thus, clients may more efficiently access the verbal reinforcers presented by therapists, facilitating the verbal shaping procedure.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
En este artículo se quiere poner de relieve la extensa tradición de la Psicología en la intervención social, así como su relevancia tanto en el ámbito público como privado. Es importante destacar esta circunstancia porque la nueva generación de leyes de servicios sociales, y otros textos normativos vinculados a ellas, están generando una serie de cambios en la estructura y funcionamiento de los equipos de atención primaria, privilegiando la disciplina de Trabajo Social en relación a Psicología y Educación Social. La figura del/a profesional de referencia vinculada en exclusiva al Trabajo Social supone de hecho una inadecuada e injusta reserva de actividad y está poniendo en peligro la interdisciplinariedad y la atención integral a la persona usuaria. Además, el/a profesional de la Psicología está desapareciendo de áreas de atención donde tradicionalmente venían trabajando. Pensamos que una ley reguladora de las profesiones de la intervención social podría ser la oportunidad para abordar los problemas que tiene en la actualidad la intervención social.
{"title":"Psychology in the Regulatory Framework of the Social Intervention Professions in Spain","authors":"Manuel-Francisco Martinez-Garcia","doi":"10.55414/ssvac618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/ssvac618","url":null,"abstract":"En este artículo se quiere poner de relieve la extensa tradición de la Psicología en la intervención social, así como su relevancia tanto en el ámbito público como privado. Es importante destacar esta circunstancia porque la nueva generación de leyes de servicios sociales, y otros textos normativos vinculados a ellas, están generando una serie de cambios en la estructura y funcionamiento de los equipos de atención primaria, privilegiando la disciplina de Trabajo Social en relación a Psicología y Educación Social. La figura del/a profesional de referencia vinculada en exclusiva al Trabajo Social supone de hecho una inadecuada e injusta reserva de actividad y está poniendo en peligro la interdisciplinariedad y la atención integral a la persona usuaria. Además, el/a profesional de la Psicología está desapareciendo de áreas de atención donde tradicionalmente venían trabajando. Pensamos que una ley reguladora de las profesiones de la intervención social podría ser la oportunidad para abordar los problemas que tiene en la actualidad la intervención social.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"23 28","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carmen Martínez-Díaz, G. Pereira, Rosana García-Morales, M. Froxán-Parga
Instructions are used in clinical practice to facilitate the acquisition of new behaviors and eliminate other problematic ones. Despite various studies on instructions in the experimental field, there is not as much research framed within the clinical realm. Therefore, the objective of this article is to explore therapeutic interaction in relation to instructions. Eleven cases of individual psychotherapy were recorded using an observational methodology and the Acoveo category system. The sample was divided into three groups (success, partial success, and failure) based on their percentage of protherapeutic verbalizations, and the significance and Yule’s Q statistic of three sequential analyses were compared. The relationships studied were: Instruction Follow-up and Positive Reinforcement; Non-Instruction Follow-up and Negative Reinforcement; Instruction Follow-up and Discriminative Stimulus; client and therapist categories, respectively. The results showed that in the second and last relationship in the success group, they were significant unlike the others. In conclusion, in all three groups, therapists reinforced follow-up expressions, but only in the success group were non-follow-up expressions punished, and follow-up affirmed by the client was evaluated significantly.
{"title":"Éxito terapéutico e instrucciones: comparación del desempeño del terapeuta a través del análisis de la conducta verbal","authors":"Carmen Martínez-Díaz, G. Pereira, Rosana García-Morales, M. Froxán-Parga","doi":"10.55414/pgjbx228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/pgjbx228","url":null,"abstract":"Instructions are used in clinical practice to facilitate the acquisition of new behaviors and eliminate other problematic ones. Despite various studies on instructions in the experimental field, there is not as much research framed within the clinical realm. Therefore, the objective of this article is to explore therapeutic interaction in relation to instructions. Eleven cases of individual psychotherapy were recorded using an observational methodology and the Acoveo category system. The sample was divided into three groups (success, partial success, and failure) based on their percentage of protherapeutic verbalizations, and the significance and Yule’s Q statistic of three sequential analyses were compared. The relationships studied were: Instruction Follow-up and Positive Reinforcement; Non-Instruction Follow-up and Negative Reinforcement; Instruction Follow-up and Discriminative Stimulus; client and therapist categories, respectively. The results showed that in the second and last relationship in the success group, they were significant unlike the others. In conclusion, in all three groups, therapists reinforced follow-up expressions, but only in the success group were non-follow-up expressions punished, and follow-up affirmed by the client was evaluated significantly.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Se presenta una investigación sobre la interacción terapéutica directa, cuyo objetivo es analizar el mecanismo de moldeamiento progresivo y las contingencias implementadas por el terapeuta como un posible mecanismo del cambio terapéutico. Han participado tres personas con diferentes problemas psicológicos, en un diseño de caso único con líneas-base concurrentes, a lo largo de ocho sesiones de intervención. Se ha utilizado un sistema de observación, registro y clasificación (SCAFIT) de las respuestas verbales, siguiendo los principios de la Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional. Este sistema implica un análisis meticuloso de las conductas clínicamente relevantes del cliente y las consecuencias de reforzamiento/castigo del terapeuta. Los resultados han mostrado ese efecto de moldeamiento verbal, disminuyendo las conductas poco adecuadas (CCR1) y aumentando progresivamente las conductas adecuadas (CCR1 y 2). La fiabilidad de los observadores, evaluada a través del índice Kappa ha sido elevada (entre 0.56 y 0.65). Las correlaciones entre las conductas de cliente y terapeuta también han sido elevadas (entre r = 0.82 y 0.99). Por su parte, el análisis lag-secuencial y el índice de Q de Yule ha sido significativo y con valores elevados (entre 0.48 y 0.99). Estos resultados confirman la existencia de un proceso de moldeamiento progresivo, que puede atribuirse a las contingencias que va aplicando el terapeuta sesión a sesión. Este sistema introduce una herramienta analítica de utilidad, aplicable para estudiar las interacciones momento a momento que tienen lugar dentro una terapia, y que también podría aplicarse a cualquier otro tipo de terapia verbal.
{"title":"Estudio de la interacción verbal directa durante la terapia: Efecto del moldeamiento y las contingencias del terapeuta","authors":"José Manuel Sánchez-Olid, Luis Valero-Aguayo","doi":"10.55414/02t4h932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/02t4h932","url":null,"abstract":"Se presenta una investigación sobre la interacción terapéutica directa, cuyo objetivo es analizar el mecanismo de moldeamiento progresivo y las contingencias implementadas por el terapeuta como un posible mecanismo del cambio terapéutico. Han participado tres personas con diferentes problemas psicológicos, en un diseño de caso único con líneas-base concurrentes, a lo largo de ocho sesiones de intervención. Se ha utilizado un sistema de observación, registro y clasificación (SCAFIT) de las respuestas verbales, siguiendo los principios de la Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional. Este sistema implica un análisis meticuloso de las conductas clínicamente relevantes del cliente y las consecuencias de reforzamiento/castigo del terapeuta. Los resultados han mostrado ese efecto de moldeamiento verbal, disminuyendo las conductas poco adecuadas (CCR1) y aumentando progresivamente las conductas adecuadas (CCR1 y 2). La fiabilidad de los observadores, evaluada a través del índice Kappa ha sido elevada (entre 0.56 y 0.65). Las correlaciones entre las conductas de cliente y terapeuta también han sido elevadas (entre r = 0.82 y 0.99). Por su parte, el análisis lag-secuencial y el índice de Q de Yule ha sido significativo y con valores elevados (entre 0.48 y 0.99). Estos resultados confirman la existencia de un proceso de moldeamiento progresivo, que puede atribuirse a las contingencias que va aplicando el terapeuta sesión a sesión. Este sistema introduce una herramienta analítica de utilidad, aplicable para estudiar las interacciones momento a momento que tienen lugar dentro una terapia, y que también podría aplicarse a cualquier otro tipo de terapia verbal.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"7 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natalia Andrés López, Víctor Estal-Muñoz, María Fernández-Shaw, Gladis-Lee Pereira
El reforzamiento es uno de los procedimientos que se ha postulado como responsable del cambio conductual en la mayoría de las terapias. Es el principio de conducta más importante y apenas ha sido investigado en su modalidad verbal en contextos clínicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es ahondar sobre este procedimiento y arrojar conocimiento sobre cómo usan los terapeutas el reforzamiento verbal positivo en las diferentes fases de una intervención psicológica. Se analizan 60 sesiones clínicas de terapia conductual mediante un sistema de categorías de la conducta verbal del terapeuta y cliente diseñado para investigar la interacción terapéutica. Los resultados indican que los terapeutas hacen uso de reforzamiento verbal, emitiendo diferentes niveles de aprobación en función del tipo de verbalizaciones de los clientes. Este trabajo permite comprobar la utilidad de la metodología observacional para investigar los procesos que pueden explicar el cambio clínico, entendiendo el papel de los procedimientos de reforzamiento verbal y su relación con otras posibles funciones de la conducta verbal del terapeuta.
{"title":"Aproximación al estudio del reforzamiento verbal en psicoterapia","authors":"Natalia Andrés López, Víctor Estal-Muñoz, María Fernández-Shaw, Gladis-Lee Pereira","doi":"10.55414/0zsymf79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/0zsymf79","url":null,"abstract":"El reforzamiento es uno de los procedimientos que se ha postulado como responsable del cambio conductual en la mayoría de las terapias. Es el principio de conducta más importante y apenas ha sido investigado en su modalidad verbal en contextos clínicos. El objetivo del presente estudio es ahondar sobre este procedimiento y arrojar conocimiento sobre cómo usan los terapeutas el reforzamiento verbal positivo en las diferentes fases de una intervención psicológica. Se analizan 60 sesiones clínicas de terapia conductual mediante un sistema de categorías de la conducta verbal del terapeuta y cliente diseñado para investigar la interacción terapéutica. Los resultados indican que los terapeutas hacen uso de reforzamiento verbal, emitiendo diferentes niveles de aprobación en función del tipo de verbalizaciones de los clientes. Este trabajo permite comprobar la utilidad de la metodología observacional para investigar los procesos que pueden explicar el cambio clínico, entendiendo el papel de los procedimientos de reforzamiento verbal y su relación con otras posibles funciones de la conducta verbal del terapeuta.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"17 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marlon Palomino, María Fernández-Shaw, M. Froxán-Parga
The transfer of functions is key to explain the change in behavior resulting from a therapeutic intervention and has traditionally been explained based on operant conditioning processes. This exploratory study sought to find experimental evidence of transfer of functions using classical conditioning procedures. Three conditioned visual stimuli (EC1, EC2 and EC3) and one aversive unconditioned (EI) auditory stimulus were used. EC1 was associated with EC2, EC3 with EI and then verbally paired EC1 with EC3 seeking to transfer the function of the EI to EC2 without ever having been directly associated. Electrodermal activity was measured in four adults and a transfer test was performed. We found only some evidence of transfer of the function of the elicitor EI of electrodermal activity (a chirp) to a visual image (EC2) through the pairing of the previously conditioned words “Antonio” (EC1) and “chirp” (EC3). This exploratory finding tentatively suggests that Pavlovian conditioning could explain some therapeutic processes, related to the effect that the verbal interaction between client and therapist has on the behavior of the former and its control outside the clinic, completing the traditional explanations based on operant conditioning. However, it is insufficient and limitations and suggestions for the continuity of this line of research are discussed.
{"title":"Verbal pairing to transfer functions by classical conditioning: An experimental study","authors":"Marlon Palomino, María Fernández-Shaw, M. Froxán-Parga","doi":"10.55414/rc6vst94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/rc6vst94","url":null,"abstract":"The transfer of functions is key to explain the change in behavior resulting from a therapeutic intervention and has traditionally been explained based on operant conditioning processes. This exploratory study sought to find experimental evidence of transfer of functions using classical conditioning procedures. Three conditioned visual stimuli (EC1, EC2 and EC3) and one aversive unconditioned (EI) auditory stimulus were used. EC1 was associated with EC2, EC3 with EI and then verbally paired EC1 with EC3 seeking to transfer the function of the EI to EC2 without ever having been directly associated. Electrodermal activity was measured in four adults and a transfer test was performed. We found only some evidence of transfer of the function of the elicitor EI of electrodermal activity (a chirp) to a visual image (EC2) through the pairing of the previously conditioned words “Antonio” (EC1) and “chirp” (EC3). This exploratory finding tentatively suggests that Pavlovian conditioning could explain some therapeutic processes, related to the effect that the verbal interaction between client and therapist has on the behavior of the former and its control outside the clinic, completing the traditional explanations based on operant conditioning. However, it is insufficient and limitations and suggestions for the continuity of this line of research are discussed.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"46 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study attempts to replicate two experimental designs conducted by Clark and his colleagues in 1989, testing the collaborative model of language. In this study, the Tangram task is replaced by a bomb defusal task using the video game Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes. A total of 20 pairs of participants were analyzed based on time taken, number of errors, number of speaking turns, and word count. Similar to the original 1987 study, in another phase of the experiment, a third person (an overhearer) performed the task by listening to a recording of another pair deactivatingbombs. The results of this study indicate a reduction in the number of interventions and words across the trials, as well as a decrease in the number of errors and time spent. No significant differences were found between the performance of pairs carrying out the task and that of non-communicating listeners. These data suggest that language does indeed tend to follow a collaborative model based on common references.
{"title":"El lenguaje como un proceso colaborativo: una replicación sobre el modelo colaborativo de Clark (Schober y Clark 1989)","authors":"Bernardo Sánchez-Ruiz, Alberto Zamanillo","doi":"10.55414/p2w31r82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/p2w31r82","url":null,"abstract":"The present study attempts to replicate two experimental designs conducted by Clark and his colleagues in 1989, testing the collaborative model of language. In this study, the Tangram task is replaced by a bomb defusal task using the video game Keep Talking and Nobody Explodes. A total of 20 pairs of participants were analyzed based on time taken, number of errors, number of speaking turns, and word count. Similar to the original 1987 study, in another phase of the experiment, a third person (an overhearer) performed the task by listening to a recording of another pair deactivatingbombs. The results of this study indicate a reduction in the number of interventions and words across the trials, as well as a decrease in the number of errors and time spent. No significant differences were found between the performance of pairs carrying out the task and that of non-communicating listeners. These data suggest that language does indeed tend to follow a collaborative model based on common references.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"56 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141688582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Does the empathy or personality of psychotherapists influence the way they do therapy? Is the therapeutic relationship the key to success? Questions such as these are commonly shared in Change Process Research (CPR) and outcome studies. However, these statements, posed in descriptive cross-sectional terms, often imply the use of strategies grounded in causal-linear explanatory models. The present study offers an alternative tool to measure elements of psychotherapy in dynamic, interactive, and interdependent terms. With nine observational categories defined under analytical-behavioral lens, the Acoveo System is an instrument designed to detect the potential functions of verbal exchanges that take place in the psychotherapeutic context from any theoretical orientation. A guide to its application is provided, and its usefulness is elaborated on two of the pivotal common factors in change process research: empathy and therapeutic alliance.
{"title":"How Can We Study Change Processes in Psychotherapy While Addressing Its Interactive Nature","authors":"Gladis-Lee Pereira, Natalia Andrés-López, María-Xesús Froxán-Parga","doi":"10.55414/97bvad97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/97bvad97","url":null,"abstract":"Does the empathy or personality of psychotherapists influence the way they do therapy? Is the therapeutic relationship the key to success? Questions such as these are commonly shared in Change Process Research (CPR) and outcome studies. However, these statements, posed in descriptive cross-sectional terms, often imply the use of strategies grounded in causal-linear explanatory models. The present study offers an alternative tool to measure elements of psychotherapy in dynamic, interactive, and interdependent terms. With nine observational categories defined under analytical-behavioral lens, the Acoveo System is an instrument designed to detect the potential functions of verbal exchanges that take place in the psychotherapeutic context from any theoretical orientation. A guide to its application is provided, and its usefulness is elaborated on two of the pivotal common factors in change process research: empathy and therapeutic alliance.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Psychological interventions have shown effectiveness for the treatment of different psychological problems. Now, we need to know what processes make these results possible. The observational analysis of the verbal interaction between therapist and client has been used to analyze the learning processes that underlie the client’s behavioral change. To our knowledge, there is no coding system for therapeutic interaction based on functional descriptions that would allow a common understanding across different behavior therapies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop such functional description-based coding system for clinical psychologists’ verbal behavior in clinical settings. Also, we have analyzed 66 clinical sessions belonging to 23 different cases using this coding system, the results have been compared with previous studies. The main result of this study is a system consisting of 5 functional categories with good reliability indices and methodological properties. The discriminant and cluster analysis have yielded similar results to those of previous studies. Finally, we discuss about conceptual and methodological advances of this functional-based coding system, we list the main limitations, and we propose further studies in this line of research.
{"title":"Sistema de categorías descriptivo-funcional para la conducta verbal en psicoterapia","authors":"Jesús Alonso-Vega, Gladis-Lee Pereira, María-Xesús Froxán-Parga","doi":"10.55414/chj30t78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55414/chj30t78","url":null,"abstract":"Psychological interventions have shown effectiveness for the treatment of different psychological problems. Now, we need to know what processes make these results possible. The observational analysis of the verbal interaction between therapist and client has been used to analyze the learning processes that underlie the client’s behavioral change. To our knowledge, there is no coding system for therapeutic interaction based on functional descriptions that would allow a common understanding across different behavior therapies. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop such functional description-based coding system for clinical psychologists’ verbal behavior in clinical settings. Also, we have analyzed 66 clinical sessions belonging to 23 different cases using this coding system, the results have been compared with previous studies. The main result of this study is a system consisting of 5 functional categories with good reliability indices and methodological properties. The discriminant and cluster analysis have yielded similar results to those of previous studies. Finally, we discuss about conceptual and methodological advances of this functional-based coding system, we list the main limitations, and we propose further studies in this line of research.","PeriodicalId":269734,"journal":{"name":"Apuntes de Psicología","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141684749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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