Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH008
Nihal Tataroğlu
Multi-level governance suggests that there should be no hierarchical dependency relationship between policy actors of different policy levels. In fact, the model hinges on the independent interaction of local and regional governments at national and supra-national levels without the mediating role and status of national governments. This development in fact parallels the acceptance of cities and local governments as policy actors. MLG is not a magic cure to heal every illness, but it is a method and an action plan for tackling problems. It is being used in various areas by the EU to realize European cohesion. The first and foremost among these areas is urban policies and urban regeneration practices. The EU has adopted the integrated urban regeneration approach to decrease the problems associated with social exclusions and the regeneration of problematic urban areas. Together with the enlargement process, cohesion efforts have increased, and urban programs subsidized by the EU have been implemented intensively in central, eastern, and southern European states.
{"title":"Regional Integration Through Locality","authors":"Nihal Tataroğlu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH008","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-level governance suggests that there should be no hierarchical dependency relationship between policy actors of different policy levels. In fact, the model hinges on the independent interaction of local and regional governments at national and supra-national levels without the mediating role and status of national governments. This development in fact parallels the acceptance of cities and local governments as policy actors. MLG is not a magic cure to heal every illness, but it is a method and an action plan for tackling problems. It is being used in various areas by the EU to realize European cohesion. The first and foremost among these areas is urban policies and urban regeneration practices. The EU has adopted the integrated urban regeneration approach to decrease the problems associated with social exclusions and the regeneration of problematic urban areas. Together with the enlargement process, cohesion efforts have increased, and urban programs subsidized by the EU have been implemented intensively in central, eastern, and southern European states.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114958668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7937-3.CH014
João Conrado de Amorim Carvalho
The problem of poverty is becoming a concern worldwide for the potential for its dissemination. The phenomenon affects not only the less industrialized countries, but also those that have overcome the stage of underdevelopment. This chapter describes three case studies to understand how low-income rural communities in the Brazilian Northeast managed to mitigate their problems of social exclusion from a set of actions involving several agents. The results showed that the joint application of actions, such as the settlement of producers in expropriated lands, the installation of basic infrastructure, investments financed in irrigated agriculture, technical assistance, training, marketing support, and self-management are sufficient to reduce poverty and present results satisfactory.
{"title":"Local Development and Poverty Reduction in Low-Income Rural Communities in the Northeast Brazil","authors":"João Conrado de Amorim Carvalho","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7937-3.CH014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7937-3.CH014","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of poverty is becoming a concern worldwide for the potential for its dissemination. The phenomenon affects not only the less industrialized countries, but also those that have overcome the stage of underdevelopment. This chapter describes three case studies to understand how low-income rural communities in the Brazilian Northeast managed to mitigate their problems of social exclusion from a set of actions involving several agents. The results showed that the joint application of actions, such as the settlement of producers in expropriated lands, the installation of basic infrastructure, investments financed in irrigated agriculture, technical assistance, training, marketing support, and self-management are sufficient to reduce poverty and present results satisfactory.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114972048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch019
José Ramón Saura
This exploratory and pedagogical chapter has proposed new ways of using artificial intelligence in education. The uses of artificial intelligence have been linked to the education sector in order to improve the active listening actions and decision-making of governments. The results identify and discuss seven educational uses of artificial intelligence. From the government's point of view, three uses of artificial intelligence to improve the educational sector have been identified. By using the present study insights and the prospects for governments initiatives proposed, the authors have covered a scope of the uses of artificial intelligence and outlined the role that governments should maintain for efficient development and optimization strategy in education.
{"title":"How to Use Artificial Intelligence in Education?","authors":"José Ramón Saura","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch019","url":null,"abstract":"This exploratory and pedagogical chapter has proposed new ways of using artificial intelligence in education. The uses of artificial intelligence have been linked to the education sector in order to improve the active listening actions and decision-making of governments. The results identify and discuss seven educational uses of artificial intelligence. From the government's point of view, three uses of artificial intelligence to improve the educational sector have been identified. By using the present study insights and the prospects for governments initiatives proposed, the authors have covered a scope of the uses of artificial intelligence and outlined the role that governments should maintain for efficient development and optimization strategy in education.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115274801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9815-3.ch004
A. Alamoudi
The regulatory and cyber risk landscapes are reshaping the role of human resources. As a result, information security/information technology (InfoSec/IT) professionals are increasingly being asked to assist organisations in determining and enforcing employee data permissions, training employees on cybersecurity policies, and assisting with employee-related cyber incidents in order to be prepared for any kind of cyber attack. This chapter delves into the role of HR in managing cyber risk and provides recommendations on how organisations can manage cyber risk effectively to support their HR departments.
{"title":"Human Resources as a Stakeholder in Cyber Risk Management","authors":"A. Alamoudi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9815-3.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9815-3.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"The regulatory and cyber risk landscapes are reshaping the role of human resources. As a result, information security/information technology (InfoSec/IT) professionals are increasingly being asked to assist organisations in determining and enforcing employee data permissions, training employees on cybersecurity policies, and assisting with employee-related cyber incidents in order to be prepared for any kind of cyber attack. This chapter delves into the role of HR in managing cyber risk and provides recommendations on how organisations can manage cyber risk effectively to support their HR departments.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116344684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-6471-4
{"title":"Handbook of Research on Nurturing Industrial Economy for Africa’s Development","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-6471-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6471-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115307909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch001
Smart cities rely on smart technologies in all their possible forms; hence, this chapter is focusing on the state of the art of smart technologies. It describes these smart devices in all their ways and forms. In addition, techniques of software applications that are embedded in these smart devices are described along with their capabilities to adapt automatically and modify behavior to fit a user's environment. A smart city paradigm is also presented that focuses on sensors, smart devices, smart service provider subsystems, and smart sector infrastructure. A broader model of smart cities is discussed, and the chapter provides concrete goals, infrastructure, domains, and constituents. The chapter concludes by examining operation features such as the industrial setting, ubiquity, throughput, channels, and interoperability.
{"title":"State of the Art of Smart Technologies","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities rely on smart technologies in all their possible forms; hence, this chapter is focusing on the state of the art of smart technologies. It describes these smart devices in all their ways and forms. In addition, techniques of software applications that are embedded in these smart devices are described along with their capabilities to adapt automatically and modify behavior to fit a user's environment. A smart city paradigm is also presented that focuses on sensors, smart devices, smart service provider subsystems, and smart sector infrastructure. A broader model of smart cities is discussed, and the chapter provides concrete goals, infrastructure, domains, and constituents. The chapter concludes by examining operation features such as the industrial setting, ubiquity, throughput, channels, and interoperability.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123840236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8350-9.CH005
Cátia Rosário, Ana Lorga Silva
In a society where access and presence in social networks is common to most of the population, it is essential to follow this form of access and sharing information, especially when it comes to publicizing the rights and duties of citizens. In this sense, the chapter focused on the analysis of the profile of Portuguese citizens that uses social networks to support the different themes that make up the concept of citizenship. Likewise, the results obtained allow to state that although most respondents do not use social networks to follow and/or support institutions, movements, or organizations associated with the exercise of citizenship, there is room for such. That is, the results suggest that it is possible to promote the exercise of citizenship through social networks in Portugal.
{"title":"Impact of Social Networks in the Exercise of Citizenship in Portugal","authors":"Cátia Rosário, Ana Lorga Silva","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8350-9.CH005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8350-9.CH005","url":null,"abstract":"In a society where access and presence in social networks is common to most of the population, it is essential to follow this form of access and sharing information, especially when it comes to publicizing the rights and duties of citizens. In this sense, the chapter focused on the analysis of the profile of Portuguese citizens that uses social networks to support the different themes that make up the concept of citizenship. Likewise, the results obtained allow to state that although most respondents do not use social networks to follow and/or support institutions, movements, or organizations associated with the exercise of citizenship, there is room for such. That is, the results suggest that it is possible to promote the exercise of citizenship through social networks in Portugal.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123954042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH009
H. Gündoğdu
Ideas aiming at overcoming the crisis of legitimacy are available on the solution to the problem of representative democracy. Particularly, multi-level governance structures which were created by the impact of model of participatory democracy and localization and regionalization processes have a significant place among these. Moreover, finding solutions to the crisis of representative democracy, participatory democracy, and multi-level governance approach are discussed in this study. In this context, as well as stating the method of the study within a theoretical framework, deficiencies of participatory democracy and multi-level governance are also mentioned. Finally, it is also examined that a model of participatory democracy and of the multi-level governance may be a solution to the problem of representative democracy.
{"title":"The Importance of the Participatory Democracy and the Multilevel Governance in the Solution of the Problems of Representative Democracy","authors":"H. Gündoğdu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH009","url":null,"abstract":"Ideas aiming at overcoming the crisis of legitimacy are available on the solution to the problem of representative democracy. Particularly, multi-level governance structures which were created by the impact of model of participatory democracy and localization and regionalization processes have a significant place among these. Moreover, finding solutions to the crisis of representative democracy, participatory democracy, and multi-level governance approach are discussed in this study. In this context, as well as stating the method of the study within a theoretical framework, deficiencies of participatory democracy and multi-level governance are also mentioned. Finally, it is also examined that a model of participatory democracy and of the multi-level governance may be a solution to the problem of representative democracy.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7086-8.CH007
Maysam Saifi
Customer relationship management (CRM) is recognized as a business strategy to identify the most profitable customers in the banking industry and to devote time and attention to gain their loyalty. The purpose of this chapter is to propose a conceptual framework representing sub-factors of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) and customer loyalty as a base model to examine the effect of e-CRM on customer loyalty. E-CRM is a well-structured and systematized process of CRM that automatizes processes of marketing, sales, and customer service. This study helps us to have a better understanding of the role of e-CRM in customer loyalty in Tejarat Bank. The main focus is on e-CRM including factors such as e-banking, customer support, security, and additional services.
{"title":"A Conceptual Framework Illustrating the Effects of E-CRM on Customer Loyalty","authors":"Maysam Saifi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7086-8.CH007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7086-8.CH007","url":null,"abstract":"Customer relationship management (CRM) is recognized as a business strategy to identify the most profitable customers in the banking industry and to devote time and attention to gain their loyalty. The purpose of this chapter is to propose a conceptual framework representing sub-factors of electronic customer relationship management (e-CRM) and customer loyalty as a base model to examine the effect of e-CRM on customer loyalty. E-CRM is a well-structured and systematized process of CRM that automatizes processes of marketing, sales, and customer service. This study helps us to have a better understanding of the role of e-CRM in customer loyalty in Tejarat Bank. The main focus is on e-CRM including factors such as e-banking, customer support, security, and additional services.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122446451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH009
I. Chirisa, G. Mhlanga, A. Matamanda
The chapter seeks to investigate, explore, and document the management and development of infrastructure in city-regions within the context of Africa. The specific objectives guiding the chapter are to explore the significance of the city-region concept in Africa, to examine the state of and approaches to infrastructure development in selected city-regions in Africa, to assess the approaches that have been used to facilitate the success of the such city-regions as the Gauteng in South Africa with regards infrastructure development and management, and to draw the lessons and positive implications for planned infrastructure development in city-regions in Africa. Hence, the Gauteng City Region provides a good case because the city-region is of utmost significance to the local, regional and national level. Specifically, data were gathered through a desktop approach wherein various plans and city visions will be critically analyzed to have a broad understanding of the issues on the ground.
{"title":"Infrastructure, City-Region Development, and Africa's Territorial Spaces","authors":"I. Chirisa, G. Mhlanga, A. Matamanda","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH009","url":null,"abstract":"The chapter seeks to investigate, explore, and document the management and development of infrastructure in city-regions within the context of Africa. The specific objectives guiding the chapter are to explore the significance of the city-region concept in Africa, to examine the state of and approaches to infrastructure development in selected city-regions in Africa, to assess the approaches that have been used to facilitate the success of the such city-regions as the Gauteng in South Africa with regards infrastructure development and management, and to draw the lessons and positive implications for planned infrastructure development in city-regions in Africa. Hence, the Gauteng City Region provides a good case because the city-region is of utmost significance to the local, regional and national level. Specifically, data were gathered through a desktop approach wherein various plans and city visions will be critically analyzed to have a broad understanding of the issues on the ground.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122541627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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