Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH006
Pinar Okan Gokten, Soner Gokten
Providing transparency and accountability can be achieved by efficient governance mechanisms, which need interactive participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process. On the other hand, it is fair to say that traditional reporting is inadequate to inform stakeholders of an organization's activities. Therefore, sustainability accounting has become more popular among authorities and organizations in order to provide comprehensive information which concentrates on value creation and sustainable development. In this chapter, the authors aim to touch on the need of sustainability accounting to support multilevel governance mechanisms by describing the main dimensions of sustainability accounting and integrated reporting.
{"title":"Sustainability Reporting and Multilevel Governance","authors":"Pinar Okan Gokten, Soner Gokten","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH006","url":null,"abstract":"Providing transparency and accountability can be achieved by efficient governance mechanisms, which need interactive participation of stakeholders in the decision-making process. On the other hand, it is fair to say that traditional reporting is inadequate to inform stakeholders of an organization's activities. Therefore, sustainability accounting has become more popular among authorities and organizations in order to provide comprehensive information which concentrates on value creation and sustainable development. In this chapter, the authors aim to touch on the need of sustainability accounting to support multilevel governance mechanisms by describing the main dimensions of sustainability accounting and integrated reporting.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121061096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH013
José G. Vargas-Hernández, Karina Pallagst, J. Zdunek-Wielgołaska
This chapter aims to analyze the strategic management innovation in sustainable management of urban green spaces for neighborhood and community development. The report is intended to review the available theoretical and empirical literature on urban green spaces in the main related topics of community and neighborhood development, sustainable management, and strategic management innovation. The research methods employed are the analytical from a functionalist approach moving later into the critical analysis and finally from a holistic or integrative point of view. Finally, this chapter adopts a provocative and prescriptive strategic management approach of urban green spaces by presenting some research gaps and suggesting future research.
{"title":"Urban Green Spaces for Sustainable Community Development","authors":"José G. Vargas-Hernández, Karina Pallagst, J. Zdunek-Wielgołaska","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH013","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter aims to analyze the strategic management innovation in sustainable management of urban green spaces for neighborhood and community development. The report is intended to review the available theoretical and empirical literature on urban green spaces in the main related topics of community and neighborhood development, sustainable management, and strategic management innovation. The research methods employed are the analytical from a functionalist approach moving later into the critical analysis and finally from a holistic or integrative point of view. Finally, this chapter adopts a provocative and prescriptive strategic management approach of urban green spaces by presenting some research gaps and suggesting future research.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122884145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH004
Namık Kemal Öztürk, Ozge Hames
The term multiculturalism is a new term that was introduced to the social sciences literature, describing the fact that people living within the same society may differ from one another in terms of such notions as ethnical origin, color, language, religion, culture, and denomination. Multiculturalism policies have probably had more of an opportunity for application in the local governments compared to the central executive units. The local governments, whose powers and responsibilities have increased in the ever-changing and ever-growing public government manners, have transformed into base platforms where these policies are easily applied. In this trend of progress, with the proliferation of participatory democracy and good governance principles, the concept of multi-level governance has become an issue, entirely matching up with the services and functions of the local governments. As part of the legislative regulations in parallel with the EU harmonization process, Turkey has attempted to put into practice the multi-level governance principle on the local governments.
{"title":"Multiculturalism and Multi-Level Governance in Turkish Local Governments","authors":"Namık Kemal Öztürk, Ozge Hames","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"The term multiculturalism is a new term that was introduced to the social sciences literature, describing the fact that people living within the same society may differ from one another in terms of such notions as ethnical origin, color, language, religion, culture, and denomination. Multiculturalism policies have probably had more of an opportunity for application in the local governments compared to the central executive units. The local governments, whose powers and responsibilities have increased in the ever-changing and ever-growing public government manners, have transformed into base platforms where these policies are easily applied. In this trend of progress, with the proliferation of participatory democracy and good governance principles, the concept of multi-level governance has become an issue, entirely matching up with the services and functions of the local governments. As part of the legislative regulations in parallel with the EU harmonization process, Turkey has attempted to put into practice the multi-level governance principle on the local governments.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123004678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch010
Smart city transformation is a complex operation and comes with critical challenges that this chapter addresses in a strategic manner. The chapter clearly distinguishes between different types of cities. An overview of the most significant and crucial four qualities of smart cities is discussed. An essential part of the chapter is the review of the foundations of technology in smart cities with emphasis on indispensable types of technology such as communications, smart technology, and connectivity infrastructure. The second important part of the chapter is the issue of developing guiding principles to smart city transformation. A discussion of strategies of migration versus transformation of smart cities is followed by a review of the phases of smart cities implementation.
{"title":"The Road to SC Transition for Cities in Developing Nations","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"Smart city transformation is a complex operation and comes with critical challenges that this chapter addresses in a strategic manner. The chapter clearly distinguishes between different types of cities. An overview of the most significant and crucial four qualities of smart cities is discussed. An essential part of the chapter is the review of the foundations of technology in smart cities with emphasis on indispensable types of technology such as communications, smart technology, and connectivity infrastructure. The second important part of the chapter is the issue of developing guiding principles to smart city transformation. A discussion of strategies of migration versus transformation of smart cities is followed by a review of the phases of smart cities implementation.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123057026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6
{"title":"Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4948-3.ch004
Mohamed Ahmed Amin
Citizen participation is a key element in sustainably developing cities. When developmental decisions are left to governmental officials and decision-makers, political and economic factors tend to control the process. This leaves little room for humane values. As such, researchers have called for the development of a sustainable learning society, with the creative class and innovators at its lead, in order to direct the participation of citizens in the decision-making process, in issues related to the living environment. Based on the similarity between the environment of organizational creativity of both participatory sessions and design education, this research borrows an application performed in a design context. This takes place, in order to quantitatively and qualitatively test diversity's effect in a group on the creative output. As such, it was concluded that the same relationship is valid for group members working on development projects. Findings suggest tools that can be employed to select participants and to enhance creativity within groups focusing on development planning.
{"title":"Sustainable Learning Society Applications","authors":"Mohamed Ahmed Amin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4948-3.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4948-3.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen participation is a key element in sustainably developing cities. When developmental decisions are left to governmental officials and decision-makers, political and economic factors tend to control the process. This leaves little room for humane values. As such, researchers have called for the development of a sustainable learning society, with the creative class and innovators at its lead, in order to direct the participation of citizens in the decision-making process, in issues related to the living environment. Based on the similarity between the environment of organizational creativity of both participatory sessions and design education, this research borrows an application performed in a design context. This takes place, in order to quantitatively and qualitatively test diversity's effect in a group on the creative output. As such, it was concluded that the same relationship is valid for group members working on development projects. Findings suggest tools that can be employed to select participants and to enhance creativity within groups focusing on development planning.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch006
Susana Bernardino, J. Freitas Santos, Eliane Casarin
The objective of the study is to understand the degree of knowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal have about crowdfunding and the predisposition they have for using this financial mechanism, and the related perceptions about benefits and risks. The chapter uses a quantitative approach, based on an online survey sent to immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal. The results show that immigrant entrepreneurs have some knowledge about the general features of CF. However, most of them are not aware of the specificities of CF business models. Regarding the predisposition for using CF, the research reveals that although there is some predisposition, it is not very high among Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurs. The results also show that the respondents recognise the benefits of CF, specifically the project's visibility that the CF platform can offer. However, immigrant entrepreneurs' main concern is essentially related to the fear of not being able to obtain the necessary pledging goal.
{"title":"Brazilian Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Portugal and the Challenges of Crowdfunding","authors":"Susana Bernardino, J. Freitas Santos, Eliane Casarin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to understand the degree of knowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal have about crowdfunding and the predisposition they have for using this financial mechanism, and the related perceptions about benefits and risks. The chapter uses a quantitative approach, based on an online survey sent to immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal. The results show that immigrant entrepreneurs have some knowledge about the general features of CF. However, most of them are not aware of the specificities of CF business models. Regarding the predisposition for using CF, the research reveals that although there is some predisposition, it is not very high among Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurs. The results also show that the respondents recognise the benefits of CF, specifically the project's visibility that the CF platform can offer. However, immigrant entrepreneurs' main concern is essentially related to the fear of not being able to obtain the necessary pledging goal.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129288968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH008
L. Gamidullaeva, S. Vasin, V. Mkrttchian
R&D is increasingly becoming globalized and implemented on a collaborative basis. It leads to the need for search of partners, resources, and ideas from outside the company. Currently authorities all over the world have a tendency to develop regional economic systems into regional innovation ecosystems. It in turn creates new challengers to the innovation intermediaries. The chapter is devoted to the search for ways to unite the innovation ecosystem concept with the theory of innovation intermediation, emphasizing specific types of innovation intermediation and fundamental mechanisms thereof, supporting incentives and the role in the innovation ecosystem. Hence, there needs to be a shift to the network organization of infrastructure that ensures a high level of participants' cooperation. Moreover, end-users of innovations are being considered as key actors in the innovation processes. The research results may be implemented into managerial practices in order to improve the competitiveness of regional economic systems.
{"title":"Regional Economic Growth and Open Innovation Platforms","authors":"L. Gamidullaeva, S. Vasin, V. Mkrttchian","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH008","url":null,"abstract":"R&D is increasingly becoming globalized and implemented on a collaborative basis. It leads to the need for search of partners, resources, and ideas from outside the company. Currently authorities all over the world have a tendency to develop regional economic systems into regional innovation ecosystems. It in turn creates new challengers to the innovation intermediaries. The chapter is devoted to the search for ways to unite the innovation ecosystem concept with the theory of innovation intermediation, emphasizing specific types of innovation intermediation and fundamental mechanisms thereof, supporting incentives and the role in the innovation ecosystem. Hence, there needs to be a shift to the network organization of infrastructure that ensures a high level of participants' cooperation. Moreover, end-users of innovations are being considered as key actors in the innovation processes. The research results may be implemented into managerial practices in order to improve the competitiveness of regional economic systems.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116928077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1851-9.ch001
Malak Alamri, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, M. Humayun
Education is the key to success for any society. The quality of education is directly linked with the curriculum it contains, the mode of delivery, how effective it is, as well as the volume of dispersion among the society. Digital curriculum (DC) changes the tradition of old teaching and bring higher results in different domains. This chapter examines how DC has played a main role in education in society at various levels and the importance of digital curriculum in education for teachers and students. The digital curriculum has been upgraded to enhance the status of education in a new era. Change provides a greater focus on building the era education. Moreover, the effect and the future of the DC will be illustrated. This research will further bring several ways of implementing DC in different domains, different benefits of it, and its impact on the economic growth as well as in digital governance.
{"title":"Digital Curriculum Importance for New Era Education","authors":"Malak Alamri, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, M. Humayun","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1851-9.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1851-9.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Education is the key to success for any society. The quality of education is directly linked with the curriculum it contains, the mode of delivery, how effective it is, as well as the volume of dispersion among the society. Digital curriculum (DC) changes the tradition of old teaching and bring higher results in different domains. This chapter examines how DC has played a main role in education in society at various levels and the importance of digital curriculum in education for teachers and students. The digital curriculum has been upgraded to enhance the status of education in a new era. Change provides a greater focus on building the era education. Moreover, the effect and the future of the DC will be illustrated. This research will further bring several ways of implementing DC in different domains, different benefits of it, and its impact on the economic growth as well as in digital governance.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH003
I. Biao
This chapter posits that the transformation of ancient African cities into modern cities using the modernist theory of planning did more harm than good. Not only has the modern city created many more urban poor than obtained in ancient cities, but the urban poor also remain the most vulnerable as their livelihoods have often come under threat from not only unfriendly city council regulations but also from the rigid safeguards of the modernist theory of town planning. Consequently, in order to promote the building of human-centered African cities which would serve all those that live in them, it is here suggested that the mystical, humanistic, and spatial values of ancient African cities should be further researched, so as to embed them into the transformation of existing and subsequent African cities.
{"title":"Urban Planning and the Creation of Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st Century","authors":"I. Biao","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter posits that the transformation of ancient African cities into modern cities using the modernist theory of planning did more harm than good. Not only has the modern city created many more urban poor than obtained in ancient cities, but the urban poor also remain the most vulnerable as their livelihoods have often come under threat from not only unfriendly city council regulations but also from the rigid safeguards of the modernist theory of town planning. Consequently, in order to promote the building of human-centered African cities which would serve all those that live in them, it is here suggested that the mystical, humanistic, and spatial values of ancient African cities should be further researched, so as to embed them into the transformation of existing and subsequent African cities.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126815252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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