Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH009
H. Gündoğdu
Ideas aiming at overcoming the crisis of legitimacy are available on the solution to the problem of representative democracy. Particularly, multi-level governance structures which were created by the impact of model of participatory democracy and localization and regionalization processes have a significant place among these. Moreover, finding solutions to the crisis of representative democracy, participatory democracy, and multi-level governance approach are discussed in this study. In this context, as well as stating the method of the study within a theoretical framework, deficiencies of participatory democracy and multi-level governance are also mentioned. Finally, it is also examined that a model of participatory democracy and of the multi-level governance may be a solution to the problem of representative democracy.
{"title":"The Importance of the Participatory Democracy and the Multilevel Governance in the Solution of the Problems of Representative Democracy","authors":"H. Gündoğdu","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5547-6.CH009","url":null,"abstract":"Ideas aiming at overcoming the crisis of legitimacy are available on the solution to the problem of representative democracy. Particularly, multi-level governance structures which were created by the impact of model of participatory democracy and localization and regionalization processes have a significant place among these. Moreover, finding solutions to the crisis of representative democracy, participatory democracy, and multi-level governance approach are discussed in this study. In this context, as well as stating the method of the study within a theoretical framework, deficiencies of participatory democracy and multi-level governance are also mentioned. Finally, it is also examined that a model of participatory democracy and of the multi-level governance may be a solution to the problem of representative democracy.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131027137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch016
Ana María Lacárcel
Due to the undeniable increase in the impact that artificial intelligence systems have on numerous aspects of society, the teaching-learning process is increasingly influenced by these, producing the need to know the participating agents and applicable approaches for their implementation. Therefore, the main purpose of this chapter is to obtain an overview of the elements and challenges involved in the application of artificial intelligent devices in education. In this sense, the information presented below characterizes some of these systems through the way in which they personalize learning based on the peculiarities of the students and makes specific reference to the operation of some of them, such as the intelligent tutor system and exploratory learning environments.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Education as a Means to Personalize Learning","authors":"Ana María Lacárcel","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch016","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the undeniable increase in the impact that artificial intelligence systems have on numerous aspects of society, the teaching-learning process is increasingly influenced by these, producing the need to know the participating agents and applicable approaches for their implementation. Therefore, the main purpose of this chapter is to obtain an overview of the elements and challenges involved in the application of artificial intelligent devices in education. In this sense, the information presented below characterizes some of these systems through the way in which they personalize learning based on the peculiarities of the students and makes specific reference to the operation of some of them, such as the intelligent tutor system and exploratory learning environments.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"69 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131881700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch002
This chapter presents an overview of smart technologies with description of using them in smart ways. It also explains the role of government flexibility as well as economic opportunity in developing smart cities. The direct and in direct impact of using smart technology on the life of citizens in a city are identified, covering the modalities as well as the enablers of such impacts. The chapter proceeds to examine the seven sectors essential of smart cities: healthcare, environment and public health, mobility and transport, energy, water, education, and security. For each sector, the significance of “smartness” is addressed with examples of how with digital transformation and usage of smart technologies citizens can greatly benefit. In general, this chapter acts as the main link between understanding smart technologies and sensors to actually employ them to enable smart living for citizens.
{"title":"Impact of Smart Technologies on the Lives of Citizens","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-3509-0.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents an overview of smart technologies with description of using them in smart ways. It also explains the role of government flexibility as well as economic opportunity in developing smart cities. The direct and in direct impact of using smart technology on the life of citizens in a city are identified, covering the modalities as well as the enablers of such impacts. The chapter proceeds to examine the seven sectors essential of smart cities: healthcare, environment and public health, mobility and transport, energy, water, education, and security. For each sector, the significance of “smartness” is addressed with examples of how with digital transformation and usage of smart technologies citizens can greatly benefit. In general, this chapter acts as the main link between understanding smart technologies and sensors to actually employ them to enable smart living for citizens.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134285170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1791-8.ch002
Joseph L. Flores
This chapter explores a fundamental tension of social media by considering their socially reproductive and (potentially) transformative function. The claim is that while media and communication technologies have historically fueled both aspiration and fear of social change, their ability to shape societies are contingent on the specific social relations in which they operate. By investigating social media's economic practices, primarily platform capitalism, the reproductive relations that support user-generated content that influence platform's capabilities to reproduce and transform existing social contexts are examined. To illustrate this, political discourse via social media platforms have been used to argue that social media's current capitalist mode of production exemplifies an antagonism between exploitative/emancipatory tendencies and reproductive/transformative aspects, which are further articulated by a liberal ideology.
{"title":"The Politics of Social Media","authors":"Joseph L. Flores","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1791-8.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1791-8.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores a fundamental tension of social media by considering their socially reproductive and (potentially) transformative function. The claim is that while media and communication technologies have historically fueled both aspiration and fear of social change, their ability to shape societies are contingent on the specific social relations in which they operate. By investigating social media's economic practices, primarily platform capitalism, the reproductive relations that support user-generated content that influence platform's capabilities to reproduce and transform existing social contexts are examined. To illustrate this, political discourse via social media platforms have been used to argue that social media's current capitalist mode of production exemplifies an antagonism between exploitative/emancipatory tendencies and reproductive/transformative aspects, which are further articulated by a liberal ideology.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133001621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6
{"title":"Digital Government and Achieving E-Public Participation","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1526-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4948-3.ch004
Mohamed Ahmed Amin
Citizen participation is a key element in sustainably developing cities. When developmental decisions are left to governmental officials and decision-makers, political and economic factors tend to control the process. This leaves little room for humane values. As such, researchers have called for the development of a sustainable learning society, with the creative class and innovators at its lead, in order to direct the participation of citizens in the decision-making process, in issues related to the living environment. Based on the similarity between the environment of organizational creativity of both participatory sessions and design education, this research borrows an application performed in a design context. This takes place, in order to quantitatively and qualitatively test diversity's effect in a group on the creative output. As such, it was concluded that the same relationship is valid for group members working on development projects. Findings suggest tools that can be employed to select participants and to enhance creativity within groups focusing on development planning.
{"title":"Sustainable Learning Society Applications","authors":"Mohamed Ahmed Amin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4948-3.ch004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4948-3.ch004","url":null,"abstract":"Citizen participation is a key element in sustainably developing cities. When developmental decisions are left to governmental officials and decision-makers, political and economic factors tend to control the process. This leaves little room for humane values. As such, researchers have called for the development of a sustainable learning society, with the creative class and innovators at its lead, in order to direct the participation of citizens in the decision-making process, in issues related to the living environment. Based on the similarity between the environment of organizational creativity of both participatory sessions and design education, this research borrows an application performed in a design context. This takes place, in order to quantitatively and qualitatively test diversity's effect in a group on the creative output. As such, it was concluded that the same relationship is valid for group members working on development projects. Findings suggest tools that can be employed to select participants and to enhance creativity within groups focusing on development planning.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121379787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch006
Susana Bernardino, J. Freitas Santos, Eliane Casarin
The objective of the study is to understand the degree of knowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal have about crowdfunding and the predisposition they have for using this financial mechanism, and the related perceptions about benefits and risks. The chapter uses a quantitative approach, based on an online survey sent to immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal. The results show that immigrant entrepreneurs have some knowledge about the general features of CF. However, most of them are not aware of the specificities of CF business models. Regarding the predisposition for using CF, the research reveals that although there is some predisposition, it is not very high among Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurs. The results also show that the respondents recognise the benefits of CF, specifically the project's visibility that the CF platform can offer. However, immigrant entrepreneurs' main concern is essentially related to the fear of not being able to obtain the necessary pledging goal.
{"title":"Brazilian Immigrant Entrepreneurs in Portugal and the Challenges of Crowdfunding","authors":"Susana Bernardino, J. Freitas Santos, Eliane Casarin","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch006","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study is to understand the degree of knowledge that immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal have about crowdfunding and the predisposition they have for using this financial mechanism, and the related perceptions about benefits and risks. The chapter uses a quantitative approach, based on an online survey sent to immigrant entrepreneurs in Portugal. The results show that immigrant entrepreneurs have some knowledge about the general features of CF. However, most of them are not aware of the specificities of CF business models. Regarding the predisposition for using CF, the research reveals that although there is some predisposition, it is not very high among Brazilian immigrant entrepreneurs. The results also show that the respondents recognise the benefits of CF, specifically the project's visibility that the CF platform can offer. However, immigrant entrepreneurs' main concern is essentially related to the fear of not being able to obtain the necessary pledging goal.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129288968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH008
L. Gamidullaeva, S. Vasin, V. Mkrttchian
R&D is increasingly becoming globalized and implemented on a collaborative basis. It leads to the need for search of partners, resources, and ideas from outside the company. Currently authorities all over the world have a tendency to develop regional economic systems into regional innovation ecosystems. It in turn creates new challengers to the innovation intermediaries. The chapter is devoted to the search for ways to unite the innovation ecosystem concept with the theory of innovation intermediation, emphasizing specific types of innovation intermediation and fundamental mechanisms thereof, supporting incentives and the role in the innovation ecosystem. Hence, there needs to be a shift to the network organization of infrastructure that ensures a high level of participants' cooperation. Moreover, end-users of innovations are being considered as key actors in the innovation processes. The research results may be implemented into managerial practices in order to improve the competitiveness of regional economic systems.
{"title":"Regional Economic Growth and Open Innovation Platforms","authors":"L. Gamidullaeva, S. Vasin, V. Mkrttchian","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5448-6.CH008","url":null,"abstract":"R&D is increasingly becoming globalized and implemented on a collaborative basis. It leads to the need for search of partners, resources, and ideas from outside the company. Currently authorities all over the world have a tendency to develop regional economic systems into regional innovation ecosystems. It in turn creates new challengers to the innovation intermediaries. The chapter is devoted to the search for ways to unite the innovation ecosystem concept with the theory of innovation intermediation, emphasizing specific types of innovation intermediation and fundamental mechanisms thereof, supporting incentives and the role in the innovation ecosystem. Hence, there needs to be a shift to the network organization of infrastructure that ensures a high level of participants' cooperation. Moreover, end-users of innovations are being considered as key actors in the innovation processes. The research results may be implemented into managerial practices in order to improve the competitiveness of regional economic systems.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116928077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1851-9.ch001
Malak Alamri, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, M. Humayun
Education is the key to success for any society. The quality of education is directly linked with the curriculum it contains, the mode of delivery, how effective it is, as well as the volume of dispersion among the society. Digital curriculum (DC) changes the tradition of old teaching and bring higher results in different domains. This chapter examines how DC has played a main role in education in society at various levels and the importance of digital curriculum in education for teachers and students. The digital curriculum has been upgraded to enhance the status of education in a new era. Change provides a greater focus on building the era education. Moreover, the effect and the future of the DC will be illustrated. This research will further bring several ways of implementing DC in different domains, different benefits of it, and its impact on the economic growth as well as in digital governance.
{"title":"Digital Curriculum Importance for New Era Education","authors":"Malak Alamri, Noor Zaman Jhanjhi, M. Humayun","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1851-9.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1851-9.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Education is the key to success for any society. The quality of education is directly linked with the curriculum it contains, the mode of delivery, how effective it is, as well as the volume of dispersion among the society. Digital curriculum (DC) changes the tradition of old teaching and bring higher results in different domains. This chapter examines how DC has played a main role in education in society at various levels and the importance of digital curriculum in education for teachers and students. The digital curriculum has been upgraded to enhance the status of education in a new era. Change provides a greater focus on building the era education. Moreover, the effect and the future of the DC will be illustrated. This research will further bring several ways of implementing DC in different domains, different benefits of it, and its impact on the economic growth as well as in digital governance.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114906587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH003
I. Biao
This chapter posits that the transformation of ancient African cities into modern cities using the modernist theory of planning did more harm than good. Not only has the modern city created many more urban poor than obtained in ancient cities, but the urban poor also remain the most vulnerable as their livelihoods have often come under threat from not only unfriendly city council regulations but also from the rigid safeguards of the modernist theory of town planning. Consequently, in order to promote the building of human-centered African cities which would serve all those that live in them, it is here suggested that the mystical, humanistic, and spatial values of ancient African cities should be further researched, so as to embed them into the transformation of existing and subsequent African cities.
{"title":"Urban Planning and the Creation of Livelihoods in Sub-Saharan Africa in the 21st Century","authors":"I. Biao","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter posits that the transformation of ancient African cities into modern cities using the modernist theory of planning did more harm than good. Not only has the modern city created many more urban poor than obtained in ancient cities, but the urban poor also remain the most vulnerable as their livelihoods have often come under threat from not only unfriendly city council regulations but also from the rigid safeguards of the modernist theory of town planning. Consequently, in order to promote the building of human-centered African cities which would serve all those that live in them, it is here suggested that the mystical, humanistic, and spatial values of ancient African cities should be further researched, so as to embed them into the transformation of existing and subsequent African cities.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"243 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126815252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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