Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9815-3.ch012
F. Edghiem, Elzhana Apostolova, Eman S. Alkhalifah
The UK's higher education sector continues to be one of the most dynamic in the world, attracting 2,697,380 students by March 2021. The population of UK higher education students as a whole is extremely diverse and reflects a globalised version of contemporary higher education. Globalization, high-quality education, and increased competition for HE degrees have re-energized student migration, resulting in the formation of cross-cultural student environments at educational institutions worldwide. In essence, this culturally diverse higher education sector in the United Kingdom was expected to experience a range of effects from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on students with asymmetric cultural backgrounds. This chapter provides a multidimensional experience of remote online education during the COVID-19 crisis.
{"title":"A Multidimensional Experience Perspective of Remote Online Education During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"F. Edghiem, Elzhana Apostolova, Eman S. Alkhalifah","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9815-3.ch012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9815-3.ch012","url":null,"abstract":"The UK's higher education sector continues to be one of the most dynamic in the world, attracting 2,697,380 students by March 2021. The population of UK higher education students as a whole is extremely diverse and reflects a globalised version of contemporary higher education. Globalization, high-quality education, and increased competition for HE degrees have re-energized student migration, resulting in the formation of cross-cultural student environments at educational institutions worldwide. In essence, this culturally diverse higher education sector in the United Kingdom was expected to experience a range of effects from the COVID-19 pandemic crisis on students with asymmetric cultural backgrounds. This chapter provides a multidimensional experience of remote online education during the COVID-19 crisis.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133571195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-4291-0.ch008
This chapter examines the current governments in the Czech Republic and Hungary and assesses how democratic they are. Changes in parties and leaders since 1989 are discussed, as well as how citizens feel about certain democratic values. Particular attention is paid to freedoms such as speech, the press, and elections. Additionally, corruption and scandal in each country are explored along with some more recent government policies. Ultimately, it is determined that while both countries are democracies, there are indications that some democratic backsliding is taking place. This is especially true in Hungary, where the ruling party Fidesz has been able to consolidate tremendous power.
{"title":"How Democratic Are the Czech Republic and Hungary Today?","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-4291-0.ch008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4291-0.ch008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the current governments in the Czech Republic and Hungary and assesses how democratic they are. Changes in parties and leaders since 1989 are discussed, as well as how citizens feel about certain democratic values. Particular attention is paid to freedoms such as speech, the press, and elections. Additionally, corruption and scandal in each country are explored along with some more recent government policies. Ultimately, it is determined that while both countries are democracies, there are indications that some democratic backsliding is taking place. This is especially true in Hungary, where the ruling party Fidesz has been able to consolidate tremendous power.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131895860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH010
I. Biney
This chapter explores media promotion of lifelong learning among street vendors in Ghana. It looks at conceptual frameworks underpinning street vending and the relevance of media in empowering street vendors. It also examines challenges involved in street vending and strategies in integrating street vending into the formal sector of the economy of Ghana. The contributions of media in empowering street vendors and learning as a process of lifelong learning fashion are also discussed. Issues emerging from street vending and recommendations are discussed. The chapter concludes that the Government of Ghana should develop all-inclusive business policy to accelerate formalization of informal enterprises. Street vendors should also build strong front, and leadership, to foster effective collaboration and partnership with media houses to aid in deepening lifelong learning drive in Ghana.
{"title":"Incorporating Media in Promoting Lifelong Learning Among Street Vendors in Ghana","authors":"I. Biney","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores media promotion of lifelong learning among street vendors in Ghana. It looks at conceptual frameworks underpinning street vending and the relevance of media in empowering street vendors. It also examines challenges involved in street vending and strategies in integrating street vending into the formal sector of the economy of Ghana. The contributions of media in empowering street vendors and learning as a process of lifelong learning fashion are also discussed. Issues emerging from street vending and recommendations are discussed. The chapter concludes that the Government of Ghana should develop all-inclusive business policy to accelerate formalization of informal enterprises. Street vendors should also build strong front, and leadership, to foster effective collaboration and partnership with media houses to aid in deepening lifelong learning drive in Ghana.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114876486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8493-4.ch003
M. Ghonge, Sulakshana Mane, Devasis Pradhan
In this chapter, blockchain technology and its applications in healthcare and transaction are studied, along with how certain features of this cutting-edge technology might disrupt established business practices. The authors have discovered several studies and open exploratory areas that will be valuable to both academics and practitioners. Recent developments in cryptocurrency systems like bitcoin have increased interest in building robust distributed networks. Various DLTs are presently involved in a furious battle to display their superior skills and how they can overcome the flaws of their rivals. There are two main approaches to the distributed ledger problem: one uses cryptographic hashes and the other uses an open, distributed peer-to-peer network. However, the usage of the system of data structure, error tolerance, and consensus mechanisms differs significantly. This distinction has an impact on the cost, security, latency, and efficiency of any DLT situation. This chapter is a detailed review of blockchain usage in healthcare and transaction.
{"title":"Demystifying the Role of Blockchain Technology in Healthcare and Transaction","authors":"M. Ghonge, Sulakshana Mane, Devasis Pradhan","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8493-4.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8493-4.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, blockchain technology and its applications in healthcare and transaction are studied, along with how certain features of this cutting-edge technology might disrupt established business practices. The authors have discovered several studies and open exploratory areas that will be valuable to both academics and practitioners. Recent developments in cryptocurrency systems like bitcoin have increased interest in building robust distributed networks. Various DLTs are presently involved in a furious battle to display their superior skills and how they can overcome the flaws of their rivals. There are two main approaches to the distributed ledger problem: one uses cryptographic hashes and the other uses an open, distributed peer-to-peer network. However, the usage of the system of data structure, error tolerance, and consensus mechanisms differs significantly. This distinction has an impact on the cost, security, latency, and efficiency of any DLT situation. This chapter is a detailed review of blockchain usage in healthcare and transaction.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114642139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch011
Ana Nery Rodrigues Carneiro, João Conrado de Amorim Carvalho
This chapter aims to present the motivational factors that determine the behavior of beer consumers. The research considered the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that men consume and spend more on beer than women, including by age group; however, women consume more expensive types of beer, reducing this inequality relatively. It was also found that women are more likely to be influenced by their relatives, friends, and social occasions. As for preference, women showed more interest in light beers than men, especially craft beer. It has also been found that differences in preferences between men and women are narrowing as opportunities to try beer increase. In this sense, younger age groups tend to show fewer differences. It was also observed that, during the period of social isolation, consumption habits were maintained, but purchases took place through a delivery system, which affected the performance of bars and restaurants.
{"title":"Consumer Behavior and Its Impact on Poverty Reduction","authors":"Ana Nery Rodrigues Carneiro, João Conrado de Amorim Carvalho","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8925-0.ch011","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter aims to present the motivational factors that determine the behavior of beer consumers. The research considered the situation before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that men consume and spend more on beer than women, including by age group; however, women consume more expensive types of beer, reducing this inequality relatively. It was also found that women are more likely to be influenced by their relatives, friends, and social occasions. As for preference, women showed more interest in light beers than men, especially craft beer. It has also been found that differences in preferences between men and women are narrowing as opportunities to try beer increase. In this sense, younger age groups tend to show fewer differences. It was also observed that, during the period of social isolation, consumption habits were maintained, but purchases took place through a delivery system, which affected the performance of bars and restaurants.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123710727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-1562-4.ch003
Leadership analysts support policymakers by producing and delivering written and oral assessments of foreign leaders and key decision-makers. This chapter explores how the foreign policy of a state is strongly influenced by the personality of the president and the type of government in office. Some case studies are referred and analyzed, such as the Gulf War of 1991. The authors apply a new framework of analysis, called Orientism Management (OM), that proposes 10 different knowledge management types.
{"title":"Policy Making, Crisis Management, and Leadership Intelligence","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-1562-4.ch003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1562-4.ch003","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership analysts support policymakers by producing and delivering written and oral assessments of foreign leaders and key decision-makers. This chapter explores how the foreign policy of a state is strongly influenced by the personality of the president and the type of government in office. Some case studies are referred and analyzed, such as the Gulf War of 1991. The authors apply a new framework of analysis, called Orientism Management (OM), that proposes 10 different knowledge management types.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121903531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH008
Louis Caleb Kutame, O. Kwapong
This chapter assessed the learning needs of street vendors in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The findings revealed that vendors in the streets of Accra were made up predominantly of young people aged between the ages of 16 and 40 years. Seventy-five percent (75%) of these street vendors had gone through basic education and about 55% of them showed interest in furthering their learning. A majority of those who wished to further their education and indicated that they wished to be assisted in acquiring technical education which they figured out would enable them to generate regular revenues with which they can support themselves and their families. It was recommended that adult educators should assist street vendors in locating opportunities for the learning they have indicated and to support them in achieving their dream for the sake of national development.
{"title":"Assessment of Learning Needs of Street Vendors in Ghana","authors":"Louis Caleb Kutame, O. Kwapong","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8134-5.CH008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter assessed the learning needs of street vendors in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The findings revealed that vendors in the streets of Accra were made up predominantly of young people aged between the ages of 16 and 40 years. Seventy-five percent (75%) of these street vendors had gone through basic education and about 55% of them showed interest in furthering their learning. A majority of those who wished to further their education and indicated that they wished to be assisted in acquiring technical education which they figured out would enable them to generate regular revenues with which they can support themselves and their families. It was recommended that adult educators should assist street vendors in locating opportunities for the learning they have indicated and to support them in achieving their dream for the sake of national development.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126196884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-3452-6.ch001
Mohammad Tariq Intezar, Saad Bin Zia
Muslims are the largest minority in India, yet the federal government has, in place, just a single Muslim-specific poverty alleviation scheme, which is utterly insufficient to meet their financial needs. Hence, in the face of governmental apathy and indifferent attitude, Muslims are left to fend for themselves. In this scenario, Zakāt turns out to be a more-than-handy tool to alleviate poverty among Muslims in India. Zakāt, over the years, has manifested itself as a successful means to meet out the financial needs of the developmental activities across the level including the non-Muslim countries. Zakāt possesses a robust potential to play a critical role to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to alleviate the poverty of Muslims in a Hindu-majority country like India.
{"title":"Zakat, SDGs, and Poverty Alleviation of Muslims in India","authors":"Mohammad Tariq Intezar, Saad Bin Zia","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-3452-6.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3452-6.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"Muslims are the largest minority in India, yet the federal government has, in place, just a single Muslim-specific poverty alleviation scheme, which is utterly insufficient to meet their financial needs. Hence, in the face of governmental apathy and indifferent attitude, Muslims are left to fend for themselves. In this scenario, Zakāt turns out to be a more-than-handy tool to alleviate poverty among Muslims in India. Zakāt, over the years, has manifested itself as a successful means to meet out the financial needs of the developmental activities across the level including the non-Muslim countries. Zakāt possesses a robust potential to play a critical role to implement the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to alleviate the poverty of Muslims in a Hindu-majority country like India.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124754965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-7086-8.CH004
M. Ebrahimi
This chapter aims to describe technology assessment (TA) indicators in Iranian small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the renewable energy sector based on the available literature and expert viewpoints. For this purpose, data were collected from 234 participants by simple random sampling method. This study also determines the difference in viewpoints of technology manufacturers and technology suppliers in case of TA factors and sub-factors, sustainability, and technological capability and attractiveness. Data is analyzed through Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive methods, and non-parametric two independent sample tests. The results are comprehensive TA indicators that comply with the conditions under study that can be applied to the rational and structured analysis of potential and existing technologies and provide decision makers with information on technology strategy planning.
{"title":"Identification of Technology Assessment Indicators","authors":"M. Ebrahimi","doi":"10.4018/978-1-5225-7086-8.CH004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7086-8.CH004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter aims to describe technology assessment (TA) indicators in Iranian small and medium-sized enterprises operating in the renewable energy sector based on the available literature and expert viewpoints. For this purpose, data were collected from 234 participants by simple random sampling method. This study also determines the difference in viewpoints of technology manufacturers and technology suppliers in case of TA factors and sub-factors, sustainability, and technological capability and attractiveness. Data is analyzed through Cronbach's alpha, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive methods, and non-parametric two independent sample tests. The results are comprehensive TA indicators that comply with the conditions under study that can be applied to the rational and structured analysis of potential and existing technologies and provide decision makers with information on technology strategy planning.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128472649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch005
Felipe Debasa
In 2016 the term 4th Industrial Revolution was coined to define a new era in history based on commercial and industrial activity connected through the internet. Connections to the network and the internet of things facilitate that activity and processes can be stored, generating large volumes of data. Algorithms can analyze and process this data to create new added value. Algorithms already control many basic sectors of the economy and society. Although with some initial rejection, the users have assumed as normal that the algorithms set the prices of supply and demand in the provision of goods and services or that they make investment proposals in financial markets. This new way of acting has created the circular economy, but also a new economic model based on very high amounts of data that comes under the name surveillance capitalism. An economic model based on virtuality, with data as raw materials and driven by algorithms, generates new challenges also in security.
{"title":"Algorithms, Social Rejection, and Public Administrations in the Current World","authors":"Felipe Debasa","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9609-8.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"In 2016 the term 4th Industrial Revolution was coined to define a new era in history based on commercial and industrial activity connected through the internet. Connections to the network and the internet of things facilitate that activity and processes can be stored, generating large volumes of data. Algorithms can analyze and process this data to create new added value. Algorithms already control many basic sectors of the economy and society. Although with some initial rejection, the users have assumed as normal that the algorithms set the prices of supply and demand in the provision of goods and services or that they make investment proposals in financial markets. This new way of acting has created the circular economy, but also a new economic model based on very high amounts of data that comes under the name surveillance capitalism. An economic model based on virtuality, with data as raw materials and driven by algorithms, generates new challenges also in security.","PeriodicalId":271918,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127218749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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