Abstract Purpose of the article: Most regional macroeconomic processes may not be adequately analyzed without accounting for their spatial nature: regional distances, interactions between neighbors, spill-over effects and interdependencies. This contribution focuses on various factors ruling unemployment dynamics in the Visegrad Group countries and their major economic partners: Germany and Austria. The analysis is performed at the NUTS2 level. Methodology/methods: Spatial econometrics is a unique tool for a broad range of quantitative analyses and evaluations. Spatial econometric models are based on geo-coded (spatially defined) data. Spatial econometrics and regional competitiveness paradigms are combined into different types of regression model specifications describing unemployment dynamics. Alternative spatial structures (i.e. neighbor definitions) are used for verification of stability in estimated model properties. Scientific aim: We aim to provide a detailed empirical evaluation of spatially determined factors of regional unemployment dynamics, along with insight into the robustness of such approach. Both conceptually and parametrically varying neighbor definitions are used to provide evidence for model evaluation. Findings: We find strong positive spatial dependence patterns in the estimated models, robust against varying neighborhood definitions. Our results strongly support the importance of regional and potentially cross-border (international) cooperation in macroeconomic policies addressing unemployment. The estimated models also underline the importance of using spatial models, by pointing out the bias in OLS-estimated models. Conclusions and limits: Spatial approach to econometric analysis provides important insight and robustness to a broad range of unemployment analyses that may be carried out using regional (spatial) data. At the same time, it should be noted that this article focuses mostly on the spatial and stability aspects of model estimation, while leaving out other interesting topics such as spill-over effects calculations as based on estimated models. Also, estimations provided in this article might benefit from spatial panel data-based methods - once data availability issues are sorted.
{"title":"Spatial Aspects Of Unemployment In The Visegrad-Group Economies","authors":"T. Formánek, Roman Hušek","doi":"10.1515/cks-2016-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0007","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose of the article: Most regional macroeconomic processes may not be adequately analyzed without accounting for their spatial nature: regional distances, interactions between neighbors, spill-over effects and interdependencies. This contribution focuses on various factors ruling unemployment dynamics in the Visegrad Group countries and their major economic partners: Germany and Austria. The analysis is performed at the NUTS2 level. Methodology/methods: Spatial econometrics is a unique tool for a broad range of quantitative analyses and evaluations. Spatial econometric models are based on geo-coded (spatially defined) data. Spatial econometrics and regional competitiveness paradigms are combined into different types of regression model specifications describing unemployment dynamics. Alternative spatial structures (i.e. neighbor definitions) are used for verification of stability in estimated model properties. Scientific aim: We aim to provide a detailed empirical evaluation of spatially determined factors of regional unemployment dynamics, along with insight into the robustness of such approach. Both conceptually and parametrically varying neighbor definitions are used to provide evidence for model evaluation. Findings: We find strong positive spatial dependence patterns in the estimated models, robust against varying neighborhood definitions. Our results strongly support the importance of regional and potentially cross-border (international) cooperation in macroeconomic policies addressing unemployment. The estimated models also underline the importance of using spatial models, by pointing out the bias in OLS-estimated models. Conclusions and limits: Spatial approach to econometric analysis provides important insight and robustness to a broad range of unemployment analyses that may be carried out using regional (spatial) data. At the same time, it should be noted that this article focuses mostly on the spatial and stability aspects of model estimation, while leaving out other interesting topics such as spill-over effects calculations as based on estimated models. Also, estimations provided in this article might benefit from spatial panel data-based methods - once data availability issues are sorted.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134592210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract All entrepreneurs try to be timely unlimited, constant and successful in their business. In doing so, their company founding, running operations and development all depend on adequate and quality financing. The goal is to ensure a stable financing and growth and the question is how, when and from which sources should the financing be ensured. When talking of financing, it is primarily meant ensuring the money or the capital, a synonym of the entrepreneurship and its main moving strength. In order to be successful, it is of high importance to meet optimal business decisions and specially investing decisions. Even though the focus of the financing process is not solely limited to money, money plays a central role and is also the basis and the requirement for business activity and the very existence and the end goal of a business as well. One important focus of entrepreneurs is the question of an optimal financial structure for their own enterprise. The specifics of every individual company together with the industry they are in and macroeconomic environment they operate in do not allow for a uniform and generally applicable solution to this problem. The focus of this problem lies in the ratio between the size and structure of assets on one side and the size and structure of equity and debt on the other side. Every entrepreneur should also know which amount and structure of long-term assets, fixed assets is necessary for his enterprise. The function of investment planning defines these requirements before the actual investment takes place. An entrepreneur who is already longer in business will at this point analyze his actual financial structure with a focus on capital accumulation and conditions of raising debt.
{"title":"Financing As One Of The Key Success Factors Of Small And Medium-Sized Enterprises","authors":"Stjepan Pticar","doi":"10.1515/cks-2016-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0010","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract All entrepreneurs try to be timely unlimited, constant and successful in their business. In doing so, their company founding, running operations and development all depend on adequate and quality financing. The goal is to ensure a stable financing and growth and the question is how, when and from which sources should the financing be ensured. When talking of financing, it is primarily meant ensuring the money or the capital, a synonym of the entrepreneurship and its main moving strength. In order to be successful, it is of high importance to meet optimal business decisions and specially investing decisions. Even though the focus of the financing process is not solely limited to money, money plays a central role and is also the basis and the requirement for business activity and the very existence and the end goal of a business as well. One important focus of entrepreneurs is the question of an optimal financial structure for their own enterprise. The specifics of every individual company together with the industry they are in and macroeconomic environment they operate in do not allow for a uniform and generally applicable solution to this problem. The focus of this problem lies in the ratio between the size and structure of assets on one side and the size and structure of equity and debt on the other side. Every entrepreneur should also know which amount and structure of long-term assets, fixed assets is necessary for his enterprise. The function of investment planning defines these requirements before the actual investment takes place. An entrepreneur who is already longer in business will at this point analyze his actual financial structure with a focus on capital accumulation and conditions of raising debt.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125943950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The article focuses on process management in public administration using the specific case study of the statutory city of Ostrava. Based on the selected part of the PAPRIS methodology, the process management is verified, and conclusions from the application of information system e-SMO ("Electronic Statutory City of Ostrava") are generalized. Ostrava is third the biggest city in Czech Republic with approximately 320 thousand citizen. Article describes experiences with SW implements, which are used for model of process in public administration. Particulary at local authority of Ostrava town. Model of process is a basis for reengineering of process in state administration and preparation for implementation of big information systems. Mapping of process is providing implement and confirmation methodology to identify existing processes. Problem with its using consist in that, senior manager don’t informs, what organization is determination by processes. If are not described in given to organization current processes, or how would have had look new optimum processes, will not endeavour about reengineering successful. Procedural analysis namely offer tool and check methodology to identification current suit („ at") and it is possible him use either as instruction („ how so about to be") for reengineering function handling administrative and self-rule activities. Purpose of the article: The PAPRIS methodology was used when defining the objectives for implementation of the information system for public administration (PAPRIS - Process Approach - Public and Regional Information System). This methodology has been elaborated by one of the authors and published in a very general scheme when solving many case studies (Krajčík, 2006), (Krajčík, 2007), (Krajčík, 2013) (Krajčík, 2014). We assume that the PAPRIS is primarily a methodology with incorporated elements of procedural approach for project management in public administration information systems (PAIS). The specific supporting process of communication between the client and the e-SMO ("Electronic Statutory City of Ostrava") system has been chosen for verification. The model of supporting communication process, created by ARIS tools, is crucial, and the structure of scripts (ICM and IVR) is subsequently made. The aim of this article is to verify that the methodology is sufficient and appropriate to manage such a large project such, undoubtedly, is the e-SMO (Vlček, 2009). Methodology/methods: Defined productive and non-productive processes with their defined process cuts represent a crucial category for the process structure of IS projects. This is fully accepted by the PAPRIS methodology. Process cuts are understood, in the logic modelling according to the PAPRIS methodology, as clearly defined logic directional cuts in three-dimensional space of all project processes. The process set is systemically categorized, in a given logic directional cut, into mutually disjoint process subsets, which are
{"title":"The Papris Methodology Verification Using The Implementation Of Specific Information System For Public Administration","authors":"V. Krajčík, P. Vlček","doi":"10.1515/cks-2016-0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0009","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article focuses on process management in public administration using the specific case study of the statutory city of Ostrava. Based on the selected part of the PAPRIS methodology, the process management is verified, and conclusions from the application of information system e-SMO (\"Electronic Statutory City of Ostrava\") are generalized. Ostrava is third the biggest city in Czech Republic with approximately 320 thousand citizen. Article describes experiences with SW implements, which are used for model of process in public administration. Particulary at local authority of Ostrava town. Model of process is a basis for reengineering of process in state administration and preparation for implementation of big information systems. Mapping of process is providing implement and confirmation methodology to identify existing processes. Problem with its using consist in that, senior manager don’t informs, what organization is determination by processes. If are not described in given to organization current processes, or how would have had look new optimum processes, will not endeavour about reengineering successful. Procedural analysis namely offer tool and check methodology to identification current suit („ at\") and it is possible him use either as instruction („ how so about to be\") for reengineering function handling administrative and self-rule activities. Purpose of the article: The PAPRIS methodology was used when defining the objectives for implementation of the information system for public administration (PAPRIS - Process Approach - Public and Regional Information System). This methodology has been elaborated by one of the authors and published in a very general scheme when solving many case studies (Krajčík, 2006), (Krajčík, 2007), (Krajčík, 2013) (Krajčík, 2014). We assume that the PAPRIS is primarily a methodology with incorporated elements of procedural approach for project management in public administration information systems (PAIS). The specific supporting process of communication between the client and the e-SMO (\"Electronic Statutory City of Ostrava\") system has been chosen for verification. The model of supporting communication process, created by ARIS tools, is crucial, and the structure of scripts (ICM and IVR) is subsequently made. The aim of this article is to verify that the methodology is sufficient and appropriate to manage such a large project such, undoubtedly, is the e-SMO (Vlček, 2009). Methodology/methods: Defined productive and non-productive processes with their defined process cuts represent a crucial category for the process structure of IS projects. This is fully accepted by the PAPRIS methodology. Process cuts are understood, in the logic modelling according to the PAPRIS methodology, as clearly defined logic directional cuts in three-dimensional space of all project processes. The process set is systemically categorized, in a given logic directional cut, into mutually disjoint process subsets, which are ","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133337934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The research purpose is to find out if signs of a real estate bubble are shown at the austrian real estate market right now. Lending rates are composed of different factors: the base rate is the price that the customer is willing to pay. The risk premium is given to compensate the lenders risk of full or partial failure of repayment. The inflation adjustment takes into account the impairment of money over the term of a loan. The liquidity premium increases with extension of the term of the loan. The European Central Bank influences the interest rate policy by varying the interest for money saved there by the banks. At the moment there are used negative interest rates, i.e. penalty interest. The methodology used was that recently the ECB lowered the interest rates which might cause real estate bubbles and, subsequently, banks and economic crises may follow, if interest rates were to be increased again sooner or later. Therefor the author studied the amount of sales and the connection to the interest rates and the interest rate policy of the banks right now. Summarizing it can be seen that in Kittsee, an Austrian area with a lot of real estate sales, as an example, 565 real estate properties were sold in the years 2005 to 2015, the median prices increased in relation to the buyers residence in Austria or non- Austrians at about 375% to 490%, this might indicate signs of change on the market.
{"title":"Die Auswirkungen Der Zinspolitik Im Bankensystem Und Bei Immobilienentwicklungen / The Impact Of Interest Rate Policy, On The Banking System And On Real Estate Development","authors":"Pamela Priess","doi":"10.1515/cks-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The research purpose is to find out if signs of a real estate bubble are shown at the austrian real estate market right now. Lending rates are composed of different factors: the base rate is the price that the customer is willing to pay. The risk premium is given to compensate the lenders risk of full or partial failure of repayment. The inflation adjustment takes into account the impairment of money over the term of a loan. The liquidity premium increases with extension of the term of the loan. The European Central Bank influences the interest rate policy by varying the interest for money saved there by the banks. At the moment there are used negative interest rates, i.e. penalty interest. The methodology used was that recently the ECB lowered the interest rates which might cause real estate bubbles and, subsequently, banks and economic crises may follow, if interest rates were to be increased again sooner or later. Therefor the author studied the amount of sales and the connection to the interest rates and the interest rate policy of the banks right now. Summarizing it can be seen that in Kittsee, an Austrian area with a lot of real estate sales, as an example, 565 real estate properties were sold in the years 2005 to 2015, the median prices increased in relation to the buyers residence in Austria or non- Austrians at about 375% to 490%, this might indicate signs of change on the market.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133254289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose of the article One of the approaches how to create a concept of a brand is a form of identifying association network in the mind of the consumer and creating semantic maps composed of all associations that are largely shaped by cultural values of consumers. Methodology/methods In the first phase, the author of the study was detecting the associations connected with the Mexican brand alcoholic beer Corona Extra using focus group with a sample of 15 respondents (Slovak students). In the second phase, she analysed the data found in the context of Slovak cultural values and compared them with the results of the secondary research (German and Spanish students). Scientific objective The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural values of the target market for the management and brand communication across cultures. The main objective of the survey was to determine how the Slovak respondents perceive selected sample of global brand, to compare the findings of a secondary survey conducted at German and Spanish students, and in the final phase of the research to analyse the data found in the context of the cultural dimensions of respondents. Findings On one hand, the associations formed by consumers about Corona Extra mutually differ depending on the countries surveyed. On the other hand, they correspond to the cultural values of the nation, and thus confirm the strong influence of the cultural aspects of the brand perception. Conclusions The presented article confirms, that there will always be an open space for the extensive research in global marketing and cross-cultural differences in consumer behaviour. Exploring cultural aspects of communication of global brands will benefit not only in terms of increasing the efficiency of advertising campaigns, but also for the mutual knowledge and understanding between cultures.
{"title":"Brands and their Association Networks","authors":"Zuzana Ihnátová, Ina Kováčová Bečková","doi":"10.1515/cks-2016-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose of the article One of the approaches how to create a concept of a brand is a form of identifying association network in the mind of the consumer and creating semantic maps composed of all associations that are largely shaped by cultural values of consumers. Methodology/methods In the first phase, the author of the study was detecting the associations connected with the Mexican brand alcoholic beer Corona Extra using focus group with a sample of 15 respondents (Slovak students). In the second phase, she analysed the data found in the context of Slovak cultural values and compared them with the results of the secondary research (German and Spanish students). Scientific objective The article highlights the importance of understanding cultural values of the target market for the management and brand communication across cultures. The main objective of the survey was to determine how the Slovak respondents perceive selected sample of global brand, to compare the findings of a secondary survey conducted at German and Spanish students, and in the final phase of the research to analyse the data found in the context of the cultural dimensions of respondents. Findings On one hand, the associations formed by consumers about Corona Extra mutually differ depending on the countries surveyed. On the other hand, they correspond to the cultural values of the nation, and thus confirm the strong influence of the cultural aspects of the brand perception. Conclusions The presented article confirms, that there will always be an open space for the extensive research in global marketing and cross-cultural differences in consumer behaviour. Exploring cultural aspects of communication of global brands will benefit not only in terms of increasing the efficiency of advertising campaigns, but also for the mutual knowledge and understanding between cultures.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"36 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116526956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Aim of the article is to present our research dealing with virtual reality modeling and education activities. It involves a chain of development steps: taking pictures of objects, collecting information, creation of 3D models and panoramas, setting up the interactive virtual reality environment along with educational support and testing the user experience with students. Methodology/methods of work: the creation of 3D models and panoramas is done by taking pictures of real objects and using them as textures. The education materials are created as interactive presentations and the usability testing of these presentations should be planned. Scientific goal is to measure the quality of interaction by this education support in order to derive rules testing effectiveness of support, interactive applications and presentations. Findings: 3D models and other educational support materials may be created voluntarily by teachers. The open source library for many different models should be created by whole community provided suitable interfaces of modeling tools will be arranged. Conclusions: Complex educational and interactive materials including virtual reality and panoramas are satisfactory when combined with easy 3D models that are made from taken pictures, which could be made by teachers themselves and/or open communities by existing cameras.
{"title":"Education Support by Research in Local Transportation History","authors":"J. Stefanovic, F. Schindler","doi":"10.1515/cks-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aim of the article is to present our research dealing with virtual reality modeling and education activities. It involves a chain of development steps: taking pictures of objects, collecting information, creation of 3D models and panoramas, setting up the interactive virtual reality environment along with educational support and testing the user experience with students. Methodology/methods of work: the creation of 3D models and panoramas is done by taking pictures of real objects and using them as textures. The education materials are created as interactive presentations and the usability testing of these presentations should be planned. Scientific goal is to measure the quality of interaction by this education support in order to derive rules testing effectiveness of support, interactive applications and presentations. Findings: 3D models and other educational support materials may be created voluntarily by teachers. The open source library for many different models should be created by whole community provided suitable interfaces of modeling tools will be arranged. Conclusions: Complex educational and interactive materials including virtual reality and panoramas are satisfactory when combined with easy 3D models that are made from taken pictures, which could be made by teachers themselves and/or open communities by existing cameras.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128272078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Purpose of this article is to tell foreign readers about novels made in Russian intellectual property law in 2014. As is known modern Russian revolution in the field of intellectual property legislation occurred January 1, 2008 when Russian intellectual property legislation was codified, included in the text of part fourth of the Civil Code (CC) of the Russian Federation. Part fourth of the Russian CC (Federal law №230-FZ, 2006) entered into force on January 1, 2008. At the same day seven sectoral intellectual property laws were repealed. Second Revolution in this field took place during 2014: Federal law №35-FZ, 2014, substantially amending the Fourth part on the CC, entered into force on October the 1st of 2014. Scientific aim: The essence and evaluation of these amendments is the subject matter of this paper. Methods: The research is based on the analysis of the new amendments and articles added to the part fourth of the CC. Findings: Codification of the sectoral legislation en bloc in CC is a unique phenomenon. The author believes that such a construction of intellectual property law was made correctly and at the proper time. Factually the Federal Law №35-FZ (2014) is the eleventh law amending the text of the part fourth of the CC. But all previous amendments were small and not substantial. As far as amendments introduced by the law №35-FZ (2014) are concerned, they are numerous and very, very substantial. Before entering into force of the law №35-FZ (2014) (thereafter – law 35-FZ), the Part fourth of the CC contained 328 articles. The law 35-FZ amends 169 articles of it and adds seven new articles. I am convinced that the law is a rather big step towards building a modern system of intellectual property legislation in Russia. Conclusions: More than 150 amendments were introduced by the law №35-FZ. Author estimates about 80% of them as positive and about 20% as negative and erroneous. These amendments do not contradict the international intellectual property agreements signed by the Russian Federation. Generally their purpose is to enhance and clarify the Russian intellectual property legislation and to narrow the gap between Russian and European intellectual property laws. The author of this article deals with intellectual property laws more than 50 years on. This paper is a short English version of various articles on this topic published in Russian, in journals: «The business and the law» (Chozjaistvo i pravo) and «The patents and licenses» (Patenti i licenzii).
本文的目的是向国外读者介绍2014年俄罗斯知识产权法下的小说。众所周知，俄罗斯知识产权立法领域的现代革命发生在2008年1月1日，当时俄罗斯知识产权立法被编纂成法典，纳入俄罗斯联邦民法典(CC)第四部分的文本。俄罗斯联邦法第四部分(2006年第230-FZ号联邦法)于2008年1月1日生效。同日，7部知识产权法被废止。该领域的第二次革命发生在2014年:2014年第35-FZ号联邦法，实质性修改了关于CC的第四部分，于2014年10月1日生效。科学目的:这些修订的本质和评价是本文的主题。方法:对《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》第四部分新增的修正案和条款进行分析，得出结论:《中华人民共和国行政诉讼法》部门立法整体法典化是一个独特的现象。笔者认为，这种知识产权法的构建是正确的，是适时的。事实上，联邦法№35-FZ(2014)是第十一项修改CC第四部分文本的法律。但之前所有的修正案都很小，不实质性。就第35-FZ(2014)号法律提出的修正案而言，它们数量众多，非常非常实质性。在第35-FZ号法律(2014年)生效之前(之后是第35-FZ号法律)，CC的第四部分包含328条。第35-FZ号法修改了该法的169条，增加了7条。我相信，这部法律是朝着在俄罗斯建立现代知识产权立法体系迈出的一大步。结论:第35-FZ号法律提出了150多项修正案。作者估计其中80%是正面的，20%是负面和错误的。这些修正案与俄罗斯联邦签署的国际知识产权协定并不抵触。总的来说，它们的目的是加强和澄清俄罗斯的知识产权立法，缩小俄罗斯与欧洲知识产权法律之间的差距。本文的作者涉及50多年前的知识产权法。本文是发表在俄语期刊《商业与法律》(Chozjaistvo i pravo)和《专利与许可》(Patenti i licenzii)上的关于这一主题的多篇文章的简短英文版。
{"title":"Legislation on Intellectual Property in the Russian Federation: Novels Introduced in 2014","authors":"E. Gavrilov","doi":"10.1515/CKS-2015-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/CKS-2015-0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Purpose of this article is to tell foreign readers about novels made in Russian intellectual property law in 2014. As is known modern Russian revolution in the field of intellectual property legislation occurred January 1, 2008 when Russian intellectual property legislation was codified, included in the text of part fourth of the Civil Code (CC) of the Russian Federation. Part fourth of the Russian CC (Federal law №230-FZ, 2006) entered into force on January 1, 2008. At the same day seven sectoral intellectual property laws were repealed. Second Revolution in this field took place during 2014: Federal law №35-FZ, 2014, substantially amending the Fourth part on the CC, entered into force on October the 1st of 2014. Scientific aim: The essence and evaluation of these amendments is the subject matter of this paper. Methods: The research is based on the analysis of the new amendments and articles added to the part fourth of the CC. Findings: Codification of the sectoral legislation en bloc in CC is a unique phenomenon. The author believes that such a construction of intellectual property law was made correctly and at the proper time. Factually the Federal Law №35-FZ (2014) is the eleventh law amending the text of the part fourth of the CC. But all previous amendments were small and not substantial. As far as amendments introduced by the law №35-FZ (2014) are concerned, they are numerous and very, very substantial. Before entering into force of the law №35-FZ (2014) (thereafter – law 35-FZ), the Part fourth of the CC contained 328 articles. The law 35-FZ amends 169 articles of it and adds seven new articles. I am convinced that the law is a rather big step towards building a modern system of intellectual property legislation in Russia. Conclusions: More than 150 amendments were introduced by the law №35-FZ. Author estimates about 80% of them as positive and about 20% as negative and erroneous. These amendments do not contradict the international intellectual property agreements signed by the Russian Federation. Generally their purpose is to enhance and clarify the Russian intellectual property legislation and to narrow the gap between Russian and European intellectual property laws. The author of this article deals with intellectual property laws more than 50 years on. This paper is a short English version of various articles on this topic published in Russian, in journals: «The business and the law» (Chozjaistvo i pravo) and «The patents and licenses» (Patenti i licenzii).","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"255 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121245163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Article highlights the contribution of human capital, which is currently important for every business entity. In order to be an effective organization, it must have a human capital with creative potential. Creativity largely influences work and personal life balance and language skills. Therefore, in the first part of this paper, I concentrate on possibilities of increasing creativity of human resources and discuss the notion of human capital and creativity. Currently, if a business entity wants to be competitive and efficient, it must posses creative human resources. What are the possibilities of increasing creativity? Due to the global economic crisis, businesses prefer to reduce the cost of education. This tendency seems to be a very week one, even a dangerous one! The paper deals with the effectiveness of creative thinking and with the use of part of existing global environmental undertaking. The paper investigates in particular the language skills of human resources. I have compared the Slovak and Chinese language, as when operating on a given language, except others, human being is familiar with cultural differences in that particular language and can think within this framework, which creates a new perspective on problem solving in general, with a particular use in the respective organization (firm). In this article, I discuss and analyze the knowledge of human resource management and human capital theory. I use mainly comparative method and relational content analysis. The contribution is processed on the basis of Human Capital report (21). The main scientific objective is to highlight the language skills of the human resource and its link to creative thinking. Important issue seems to be a balance between professional and personal life, which forms an important basis for the development of creativity and creative thinking. Within the language skills, a specific highlight is dedicated to chromatic adjectives (colors) that are currently used in these languages, but also the idioms and phrases that are not possible to translate into another language.
{"title":"Human Capital and Potential to Increase its Creativity","authors":"Marcela Galovská","doi":"10.1515/cks-2015-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2015-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Article highlights the contribution of human capital, which is currently important for every business entity. In order to be an effective organization, it must have a human capital with creative potential. Creativity largely influences work and personal life balance and language skills. Therefore, in the first part of this paper, I concentrate on possibilities of increasing creativity of human resources and discuss the notion of human capital and creativity. Currently, if a business entity wants to be competitive and efficient, it must posses creative human resources. What are the possibilities of increasing creativity? Due to the global economic crisis, businesses prefer to reduce the cost of education. This tendency seems to be a very week one, even a dangerous one! The paper deals with the effectiveness of creative thinking and with the use of part of existing global environmental undertaking. The paper investigates in particular the language skills of human resources. I have compared the Slovak and Chinese language, as when operating on a given language, except others, human being is familiar with cultural differences in that particular language and can think within this framework, which creates a new perspective on problem solving in general, with a particular use in the respective organization (firm). In this article, I discuss and analyze the knowledge of human resource management and human capital theory. I use mainly comparative method and relational content analysis. The contribution is processed on the basis of Human Capital report (21). The main scientific objective is to highlight the language skills of the human resource and its link to creative thinking. Important issue seems to be a balance between professional and personal life, which forms an important basis for the development of creativity and creative thinking. Within the language skills, a specific highlight is dedicated to chromatic adjectives (colors) that are currently used in these languages, but also the idioms and phrases that are not possible to translate into another language.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"8 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131894877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract China’s phenomenal economic development since 1979 has caught the attention and envy of the rest of the world. 500 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty since then.1 Yet, it has come with a huge price which threatens not only China but the rest of the world. These challenges include corruption, environmental issues, social inequalities and a rapidly aging population. If China is not able to overcome any of these, then its development will not be sustainable and the impact will be immensely negative just as its development over the last three decades have been positive on the rest of the world. The purpose of this article is to show that there is a little-known transformation happening in China which may address the above issues. It is the thesis of the author that China’s present developmental challenges are fundamentally a problem of misplaced values, i.e. unsustainable priorities. And the little known transformation is that tens of millions of Chinese are quickly embracing a new set of values and accepting a biblical worldview.2 Rodney Stark, socialogist and popular author, has shown through his many works, such as For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery,3 that societies which have espoused the monotheistic belief system are able to successfully overcome similar social challenges and remain viable.
{"title":"Holistic Transformation Leading to Sustainable Development in China","authors":"C. Thong","doi":"10.1515/cks-2015-0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2015-0002","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract China’s phenomenal economic development since 1979 has caught the attention and envy of the rest of the world. 500 million Chinese have been lifted out of poverty since then.1 Yet, it has come with a huge price which threatens not only China but the rest of the world. These challenges include corruption, environmental issues, social inequalities and a rapidly aging population. If China is not able to overcome any of these, then its development will not be sustainable and the impact will be immensely negative just as its development over the last three decades have been positive on the rest of the world. The purpose of this article is to show that there is a little-known transformation happening in China which may address the above issues. It is the thesis of the author that China’s present developmental challenges are fundamentally a problem of misplaced values, i.e. unsustainable priorities. And the little known transformation is that tens of millions of Chinese are quickly embracing a new set of values and accepting a biblical worldview.2 Rodney Stark, socialogist and popular author, has shown through his many works, such as For the Glory of God: How Monotheism Led to Reformations, Science, Witch-Hunts, and the End of Slavery,3 that societies which have espoused the monotheistic belief system are able to successfully overcome similar social challenges and remain viable.","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133306681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The purpose of the article is to analyze the social situation of the Roma and poverty more broadly, to highlight the factors underpinning their lack of access to education and hence to jobs from which they derive income insecurity and worsen their living conditions, their poor health and finally, their poor contact with the majority. Theme of Roma poverty and their general social situation is very demanding in terms of finding the solution, since the large rate of Roma population is unable to even minimally participate in social, economic, cultural and political life. I have picked a combined survey interview as a method for the empirical part of the article, by looking at various projects and literature. Scientific objectives of the article is to highlight the fact that in all areas affecting the way of life of Roma, including their discriminiation, the most influental one is the long-term segregation of the learning process, which is essential to their integration into an active lifestyle. I refer to the fact that the condition of education of Roma children depends mainly on the socio-economic enviroment from which they come from and which can be measured by various factors. As on of the factors in the education of the parents alone, other factors could be household equipment, monitoring the overall social, economic and cultural status of Roma pupils. In the conclusion of the article, I want to point out that a large number of research findings demonstrate that the dependence of education outcomes as students from their socio-economic enviroment suggests that the education system is no way meeting the requirements of a fair transfer of learning to all, according to their abilities and is just never obilizing the social equality in education. The Education Act and the related rules do not contain provisions that are aimed directly at Roma pupils. However, the general term "socially disadvantaged" enviroment is being used, that is defined primarly by poverty. However, many disadvantages faced by the Roa in all areas of life, often are not only subject to their financial circumstances. "Given that some portion of barriers stem from the approach of the majority population towards the Roma on the basis of their declared or credited ehtnicity, it is questionable whether the measures are based on the financial circumstances of families enough." (Draft concept of education of Roma children and pupils, including the development secondary and higher education, 2009, p.1).
{"title":"Social Situation and Poverty of Roma","authors":"L. Kováčová","doi":"10.1515/cks-2015-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/cks-2015-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The purpose of the article is to analyze the social situation of the Roma and poverty more broadly, to highlight the factors underpinning their lack of access to education and hence to jobs from which they derive income insecurity and worsen their living conditions, their poor health and finally, their poor contact with the majority. Theme of Roma poverty and their general social situation is very demanding in terms of finding the solution, since the large rate of Roma population is unable to even minimally participate in social, economic, cultural and political life. I have picked a combined survey interview as a method for the empirical part of the article, by looking at various projects and literature. Scientific objectives of the article is to highlight the fact that in all areas affecting the way of life of Roma, including their discriminiation, the most influental one is the long-term segregation of the learning process, which is essential to their integration into an active lifestyle. I refer to the fact that the condition of education of Roma children depends mainly on the socio-economic enviroment from which they come from and which can be measured by various factors. As on of the factors in the education of the parents alone, other factors could be household equipment, monitoring the overall social, economic and cultural status of Roma pupils. In the conclusion of the article, I want to point out that a large number of research findings demonstrate that the dependence of education outcomes as students from their socio-economic enviroment suggests that the education system is no way meeting the requirements of a fair transfer of learning to all, according to their abilities and is just never obilizing the social equality in education. The Education Act and the related rules do not contain provisions that are aimed directly at Roma pupils. However, the general term \"socially disadvantaged\" enviroment is being used, that is defined primarly by poverty. However, many disadvantages faced by the Roa in all areas of life, often are not only subject to their financial circumstances. \"Given that some portion of barriers stem from the approach of the majority population towards the Roma on the basis of their declared or credited ehtnicity, it is questionable whether the measures are based on the financial circumstances of families enough.\" (Draft concept of education of Roma children and pupils, including the development secondary and higher education, 2009, p.1).","PeriodicalId":273117,"journal":{"name":"Creative and Knowledge Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128373017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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