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Wettability of Silver Brazing Alloy for Carbon Steel 碳钢用银钎焊合金的润湿性
Pub Date : 1973-04-01 DOI: 10.2320/JINSTMET1952.37.8_828
I. Kawakatsu, T. Osawa
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引用次数: 1
The Reaction of Solid Cobalt with Molten Copper (Report 1) : The Dissolution of Solid Cobalt into Liquid Copper 固态钴与熔融铜的反应(报告1):固态钴在液态铜中的溶解
Pub Date : 1972-04-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.40.1032
T. Ishida
A basic study on the dissolution of solid cobalt into molten copper was undertaken to obtain a fundamental knowledge in cobalt brazing. Cylinders were immersed in molten copper and then rotated under dynamic conditions of peripheral velocities from 19.0 to 61.5 cm/sec in the temperature range 1190°1340°C, the exposure time being from 45 sec to 120 sec. Rapid dissolvingof cobalt into molten copper occurred and the apperarnce of an etched surface after dissolution was observed. The rate of dissolution increased with an increase in temperature and rotational speed. A modified first-order kinetic equation was used to determine the dissolution-rate constants. These varied from 0.55 to 1.61 × 10-2 cm/sec depending on the temperature and the rotational speed, and were increased in proportion to 0.64-0.74 power of peripheral velocity. The activation energy for dissolution of solid cobalt into molten copper was estimated to be about 10.0 Kcal/mole. For a diffusion-controlled dissolution process, activation energy for dissolution is contributed to by the sum of activation energy for diffusion and some fraction of activation energy for viscosity. The dissolution rate of solid cobalt into molten copper is mixed-controlled.
对固体钴在熔融铜中的溶解进行了基础研究,以获得钴钎焊的基本知识。将圆柱体浸入铜液中,在1190 ~ 1340℃的温度范围内,以19.0 ~ 61.5 cm/秒的动态速度旋转,曝光时间45 ~ 120秒。钴在铜液中快速溶解,溶解后出现蚀刻表面。溶解速率随温度和转速的增加而增加。采用修正的一阶动力学方程确定了溶解速率常数。温度和转速的变化范围为0.55 ~ 1.61 × 10-2 cm/sec,与周边速度的0.64 ~ 0.74次方成正比。固体钴在熔融铜中溶解的活化能估计约为10.0 Kcal/mol。对于扩散控制的溶解过程,溶解活化能的贡献是扩散活化能和粘度活化能的一部分的总和。固体钴在熔融铜中的溶解速率是混合控制的。
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引用次数: 2
Some Metallurgical Observations on Heating of Explosive Austenitic Stainless Clad Steel 爆炸奥氏体不锈钢复合钢加热的冶金观察
Pub Date : 1972-04-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.41.663
I. Tatsukawa, Akira Oda
爆接18Cr-8Niステンレスクラッド鋼の加熱処理に伴う冶金的挙動を詳細に明らかにした.おもな結論はつぎのとおりである.i)500°~900℃の加熱により,ステンレス鋼合材の全断面にわたってCr炭化物が折出するが,これは爆接時に合材が受けた塑性ひずみにより促進される.ii)接合部では炭素の軟鋼からステンレス鋼への拡散移動が起こり,600°~700℃ではステンレス鋼境界に沿う約50μの深さにわたって,Cr7C3を主体とする異常に高い硬化層が生成する.加熱温度が900℃になると,炭化物はステンレス鋼内部に分散しかたさは低下する.同時にCr7C3のほかにCr23C6およびσ相が析出する.他方,Cr,およびNiが軟鋼側へ拡散し,ステンレス鋼境界には析出相のないステンレス鋼と軟鋼との中間組成をもつ合金層が生成する.1100℃ではこれらの析出物はオーステナイト素地中に再固溶する.iii)爆接時に境界部に生じた溶融層は,加熱によりしだいに軟化し,かつCr炭化物を析出する.iv)アークによる短時間加熱では,接合境界層の軟鋼およびステンレス鋼において脱炭と炭化物析出がそれぞれわずかに生起する。また,ステンレス鋼の熱影響部にはγ+α(δ)の共存域を生成する.
详细阐明了加热处理爆接18cr - 8ni不锈钢包覆钢时的冶金行为。主要结论如下:i)通过500°~ 900°的加热,不锈钢合材的整个断面均采用Cr碳化物。这是由于爆接时合材受到的塑性形变而促进的。ii)接合部发生碳素从软钢向不锈钢的扩散移动,600°~ 700°时,沿不锈钢边界约50μ的深度处,生成了以Cr7C3为主体的异常高的硬化层。加热温度达到900℃时,碳化物在不锈钢内部的分散程度降低。与此同时,除了Cr7C3之外,还会析出Cr23C6和σ相。另一方面,Cr和Ni会向软钢侧扩散,在不锈钢边界生成无析出相的不锈钢和软钢中间组成的合金层。雷的析出物在奥氏体坯料中再固溶。iii)爆接时在边界处产生的熔融层在加热下逐渐软化,并析出Cr碳化物。iv)在电弧短时间加热下,接合边界层的软钢和弃石在无钢中分别轻微地发生脱煤和碳化物析出。另外,在不锈钢的热影响部分生成γ+α(δ)的共存区域。
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引用次数: 3
Variation of the Positions where the Welded Joints of HT 80 failed in the Fatigue Test ht80焊接接头疲劳失效位置的变化
Pub Date : 1970-09-01 DOI: 10.2534/JJASNAOE1968.1970.128_A359
Masaki Watanabe, Y. Yoshino, I. Watanabe, H. Aoki
We obtained the following results from fatigue test on the welded joints of HT 80 with the reinforcements removed using the modified Schenck's test pieces.(1) The endurance limits of the welded joints were slightly lower than that of the base metal.(2) Most welded joints failed at the bonded zone or the softened zone in H. A. Z. In the case of the specimens failed at the bonded zone, the fatigue cracks started in the coarse grain zone.(3) The welded joints failed almost at the softened zone when the applied stress was comparatively high and failed slightly more at the bonded zone than the softened zone when the applied stress was near the endurance limit.(4) Considering the result (3), we had investigated the endurance limit (σ) from two points hardness (H) and grain diameter (D) and proposed the following formula, σ=a1H1/√D+b11/√D+a2H+b2, where a1, b1, a2, b2 are the constant values without concerning the material, and we proposed the following values : a1=0.0017, b1=0.54, a2=0.11, b2=3.5.(5) From one more experiment on the grain size dependence of the fatigue strength, we obtained the fact that the effect of the grain size on the fatigue strength decreases with increase of the applied stress.(6) The equation above mentioned shows the endurance limit, but when the applied stress is comparatively higher than the endurance limit, the values 'a1' and 'b1' must be smaller than 0.0017 and 0.54 judging from the result (5). In this case we can see that the fatigue strength of bonded zone is higher than that of the softened zone.
采用改进的Schenck试件对去掉增强后的ht80焊接接头进行了疲劳试验,结果表明:(1)焊接接头的耐久极限略低于母材的耐久极限;(2)大部分焊接接头在粘结区或H. A. z的软化区失效,试样在粘结区失效;(4)结合(3)的结果,从硬度(H)和晶粒直径(D)两个角度对疲劳极限σ进行了研究,提出了σ=a1H1/√D+b11/√D+a2H+b2的计算公式,其中a1, b1, a2,B2是不考虑材料的常数,我们提出如下值:a1=0.0017, b1=0.54, a2=0.11, b2=3.5.(5)再对疲劳强度的晶粒尺寸依赖性进行一次试验,得到晶粒尺寸对疲劳强度的影响随外加应力的增大而减小。(6)上述式表示的是疲劳极限,但当外加应力相对大于疲劳极限时,从结果(5)可以看出,a1和b1必须分别小于0.0017和0.54,此时粘结区的疲劳强度高于软化区的疲劳强度。
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引用次数: 0
Chemical Analysis on Blowholes 气孔的化学分析
Pub Date : 1970-09-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.39.10_1075
I. Masumoto, T. Shinoda
This study was carried out directly to detect the constituent of gas in blowholes of weld metal by a microscopic micro-analysing and a mass spectrometer. Aluminum and its alloy, mild steel, high strength steel and austenitic stainless steel were used as base metals. And a bead - on - plate was deposited by the gas shielded metal arc welding under various shielding gases for each base metal. The diameter of a collected gas bubble from blowholes was measured by the microscope under a thin glass in absorbent step by step. The composition of the gas bubble was determined by calculation from the difference of diameters of the bubble before and after an absorbent solution. The quantity of hydrogen was determined from the loss of explosion by a special explosion pipet. The remainder gas after the microscopic micro-analysing was determined by the mass spectrometer (JMS-OISG).According to the results of analysis for aluminum deposit metal, a blowhole consists of the following gases; hydrogen about 75-85%, oxygen and argon several % and nitrogen 10-20%. In aluminum alloy deposit metal, oxygen could not be measured. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon monoxide and metahne were not recognized in both cases. Blowhole in mild steel deposit metal is full of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and nitrogen. Under the carbon dioxide shielding gas with a wire of insufficient deoxydation elements or carbon dioxide shielding gas with excess oxygen, blowholes consist mainly of carbon monoxide over 55% and nitrogen. Blowholes which were formed in a bead on rusted steel or on greased steel contained mainly 40-60% of hydrogen and 30-40% of carbon monoxide. In austenitic stainless steel deposit metal, the gas in blowhole is also carbon monoxide, hydrogen, nitrogen and argon in the case of argon and argon-nitrogen shielding.
本文采用显微分析和质谱联用技术对焊缝焊缝气孔气体成分进行了直接检测。铝及其合金、低碳钢、高强度钢和奥氏体不锈钢作为贱金属。并对每一种母材在不同的保护气体条件下,采用气体保护金属电弧焊形成了焊头。用显微镜在薄玻璃上用吸附剂逐级测量从气孔中收集的气泡的直径。通过计算吸收剂溶液前后气泡直径的差异,确定了气泡的组成。氢气的量是用一种特殊的爆炸吸管根据爆炸损失来测定的。显微显微分析后的剩余气体由质谱仪(JMS-OISG)测定。根据对铝沉积金属的分析结果,气孔由以下气体组成:氢约75-85%,氧和氩数%,氮10-20%。在铝合金沉积金属中,氧不能测量。二氧化碳、硫化氢、一氧化碳和甲烷在两种情况下都没有被识别出来。低碳钢沉积金属的气孔中充满了一氧化碳、氢气和氮气。在脱氧元素不足的二氧化碳保护气体或氧气过剩的二氧化碳保护气体下,气孔主要由55%以上的一氧化碳和氮气组成。在生锈的钢或涂了油的钢上形成的气孔主要含有40-60%的氢和30-40%的一氧化碳。在奥氏体不锈钢沉积金属中,在氩气和氩氮屏蔽的情况下,气孔中的气体也是一氧化碳、氢气、氮气和氩气。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Nitrogen, Oxygen and Hydrogen Gases Added to Argon Gas on MIG-Welding of Aluminum Alloys 氩气中加入氮气、氧气和氢气对铝合金mig焊接的影响
Pub Date : 1970-04-01 DOI: 10.2464/JILM.18.609
T. Fukui, Y. Sugiyama, S. Terai
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引用次数: 3
Friction Welding of Sintered Steel and Carbon Steel 烧结钢与碳钢的摩擦焊接
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS.3.696
A. Hasui, Lian Der-Ming, Y. Nishino, T. Kono
The friction weldability of sintered high carbon-high chromium steel (PM) and S25C steel was investigated. The welded joint of the as-received PM and S25C steel, the quench-tempered joint after welding and the welded joint of the quench-tempered PM and the as-received S25C steel were made. They were labelled A, B and C joints. A continuous drive type friction welding machine was used. Welding was carried out in the range of the following conditions.Rotational speed: 2440 rpm, Friction pressure: 6.0, 8.0 Kgf/mm2, Upsetting pressure: 10.0, 14.0 Kgf/mm2, Friction time: 3.0, 5.0 s, Upsetting time: 10.0 s.Results of this study are summarized as follows:(1) The A joint are broken in the PM base metal or at the weld in tensile test. As the tensile strength of the as-received PM base metal itself is low, the joint is unsuited for practical use.(2) The C joints are broken at the weld interface or in the heat-affected zone of PM base metal in tensile test. The joint imperfection at the weld interface and the imperfection of joint between powder particles are the causes of fracture in each case.(3) The B joints are broken in the base metal in tensile test and have sufficient strength.(4) The B joint is superior to the quench-tempered PM base metal in bending ductility, impact value and fatigue limit.
研究了烧结高碳高铬钢(PM)与S25C钢的摩擦焊接性能。制作了回火PM与S25C钢的焊接接头、焊接后的回火接头以及回火PM与S25C钢的焊接接头。它们被标记为A, B和C关节。采用连续驱动式摩擦焊机。焊接在以下条件范围内进行。转速:2440转,摩擦压力:6.0、8.0 Kgf/mm2,镦粗压力:10.0、14.0 Kgf/mm2,摩擦时间:3.0、5.0 s,镦粗时间:10.0 s。研究结果如下:(1)拉伸试验中,在PM母材或焊缝处出现A接头断裂。由于收到的PM母材本身抗拉强度较低,不适合实际使用。(2)C型接头在拉伸试验中在焊缝界面或PM母材热影响区断裂。(3) B接头在拉伸试验中在母材中断裂,具有足够的强度;(4)B接头在弯曲延展性、冲击值和疲劳极限上均优于调质PM母材。
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引用次数: 3
Relation Between Fatigue Strength and Reinforcement Shape of Simulated Butt-Welded Joint 模拟对接焊接接头疲劳强度与钢筋形状的关系
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS.9.31
H. Nisitani, Hiroyuki Tanaka, T. Harada
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引用次数: 3
Influence of Microstructure in the Heat-Affected-Zone on the Reheat Cracking Susceptibility 热影响区组织对再热开裂敏感性的影响
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS.3.560
Mitsuru Nakamura, T. Enjo, Y. Kikuchi
Influence of microstructure in the Heat-Affected-Zone on the reheat cracking susceptibility was studied.The reheat cracking tests on H.T. 80 steel were carried out by means of ring type specimens and three point bending test. Influence of microstructure of synthetic H.A.Z. at high temperature on the reheat treatment process were investigated by high temperature hardness measurements, X-ray analysis and scanning electron microscopic observations. The results are summarized as follows. 1) The reheat cracking's critical stress of Martensite structure specimens (Water Quenched) were generally double than that of Bainite and Ferrite structure specimens (Air Cooled). But, the reheat cracking susceptibility of A.C. specimens were little by the difference of forms in microstructure. 2) The reheat cracking susceptibility were estimated by the relation of the deformability of a material and the precipitate of alloying carbides. Accordingly, alloying carbides of A.C. specimens precipitated to M3C type carbides during cooling process of synthetic H.A.Z., but that of W.Q. specimens precipitated to M3C type carbides as well as A.C specimens and M2C type carbides during reheat treatment process. W.Q. specimens of the lower reheat' cracking susceptibility are affected mainly by the precipitate of M2C type carbides in the matrix. 3) It is seemed that the precipitation of M2C and M3C type carbides during reheat treatment process from W.Q. specimens decreased the alloying elements concentration in the matrix, and showed a good deformability of a material. As a consequence, the reheat cracking susceptibility of W.Q. specimens were lower than that of A.C. specimens.
研究了热影响区组织对再热开裂敏感性的影响。采用环型试样和三点弯曲试验对ht80钢进行了再热开裂试验。通过高温硬度测量、x射线分析和扫描电镜观察,研究了高温下合成的高强激光合金的显微组织对再热处理过程的影响。结果总结如下:1)马氏体组织试样(水淬)的再热开裂临界应力一般是贝氏体和铁素体组织试样(风冷)的两倍。但由于组织形态的差异,交流试样的再热开裂敏感性差异不大。2)根据材料的变形性能与合金碳化物析出物的关系,估计了材料的再热开裂敏感性。因此,在冷却过程中,交流试样的合金碳化物析出为M3C型碳化物,而在再热处理过程中,W.Q.试样的合金碳化物析出为M3C型碳化物,交流试样和M2C型碳化物析出。W.Q.试样的低再热开裂敏感性主要受基体中M2C型碳化物析出的影响。3) wq试样在再热处理过程中析出M2C和M3C型碳化物,降低了基体中合金元素的浓度,表现出良好的材料变形性能。结果表明,高压试样的再热开裂敏感性低于交流电试样。
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引用次数: 6
Study on Welding of High Strength Steel with High Toughness for Pressure Hull of Deep Submergence Vehicle (1st report) 深潜船耐压船体高强度高韧性钢焊接研究(第1篇)
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.2207/qjjws1943.50.147
H. Kihara, K. Satoh, M. Endoh, Mamoru Hirose, T. Shimoyama, G. Takano
For pressure hulls of Deep Submergence Vehicle (DSV) operating in seas of 2000 m depth, the most important point is the maximum load carrying capacity under the minimum weight. For this reason, spherical shell made of high strength steel is adopted for pressure hulls. Spherical shape is an optimum shape for external hydrostatic pressure loading and the most suitable steel for this shape is HT100 steel
对于在2000m深度海域作业的深海潜水器(DSV)的耐压壳体,最重要的一点是在最小重量下的最大承载能力。因此,耐压壳体采用高强度钢制成的球壳。球形是外部静水压力加载的最佳形状,最适合这种形状的钢是HT100钢
{"title":"Study on Welding of High Strength Steel with High Toughness for Pressure Hull of Deep Submergence Vehicle (1st report)","authors":"H. Kihara, K. Satoh, M. Endoh, Mamoru Hirose, T. Shimoyama, G. Takano","doi":"10.2207/qjjws1943.50.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws1943.50.147","url":null,"abstract":"For pressure hulls of Deep Submergence Vehicle (DSV) operating in seas of 2000 m depth, the most important point is the maximum load carrying capacity under the minimum weight. For this reason, spherical shell made of high strength steel is adopted for pressure hulls. Spherical shape is an optimum shape for external hydrostatic pressure loading and the most suitable steel for this shape is HT100 steel","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124086302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Transactions of the Japan Welding Society
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