M. Fukumoto, Noriaki Yaegashi, Makoto Shimanuki, M. Umemoto, I. Okane
High performance metal matrix composite coatings could be fabricated by using the highly mixed metal-ceramic composite powders. In this study, composite powders both of Cu-Al2O3 system and of Cu-AlN system were produced by mechanical alloying (MA) method. The composite coating were made by plasma spraying of these pre-composite powders. To compare with these composite coatings, conventional coatings were made by using the conventional Cu and Al2O3 powder. The quality of the coatings obtained were evaluated by abrasion were test and the electric properties were also investigated.The main results of this study are summarized as follows, (1) In the case of spraying of MA powders, the separation of the ceramics from the metal occured due to the relative difference of specific gravity between them. Nonetheless, the sprayed coating made with MA pre-composite powders had finer microstructure and higher were resistance than made with conventional powders.(2) The electric resistivity values of the coatings made with MA powders did not scatter largely compared with those of the conventional coatings because of the homogeneous structures. Therefore, it was found that highquality composite coatings with fine and homogeneous structure can be obtained using MA powders.
{"title":"Plasma Spraying of Metal-Ceramic Composite Powders Produced by MA Method","authors":"M. Fukumoto, Noriaki Yaegashi, Makoto Shimanuki, M. Umemoto, I. Okane","doi":"10.2207/qjjws.9.489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.9.489","url":null,"abstract":"High performance metal matrix composite coatings could be fabricated by using the highly mixed metal-ceramic composite powders. In this study, composite powders both of Cu-Al2O3 system and of Cu-AlN system were produced by mechanical alloying (MA) method. The composite coating were made by plasma spraying of these pre-composite powders. To compare with these composite coatings, conventional coatings were made by using the conventional Cu and Al2O3 powder. The quality of the coatings obtained were evaluated by abrasion were test and the electric properties were also investigated.The main results of this study are summarized as follows, (1) In the case of spraying of MA powders, the separation of the ceramics from the metal occured due to the relative difference of specific gravity between them. Nonetheless, the sprayed coating made with MA pre-composite powders had finer microstructure and higher were resistance than made with conventional powders.(2) The electric resistivity values of the coatings made with MA powders did not scatter largely compared with those of the conventional coatings because of the homogeneous structures. Therefore, it was found that highquality composite coatings with fine and homogeneous structure can be obtained using MA powders.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131599483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.50.520
K. Akahide, Teruo Uke Ukibe, J. Tsuboi
In submerged arc welding, the direction of arc column and the position of molten metal in the crater have been examined using a X-ray image intensifier TV system in order to regulate weld bead shape by controlling welding parameters.Arcs are classified into the open and buried arcs depending on the position of electrode tip to the plate surface. The arc at high welding current and high travel speed, is buried in the plate and is generated forward between the front of crater and the electrode tip, which results in a knife like shape of electrode tip. The arc at high welding current and low travel speed, is buried deeply in the plate and strikes radially between the weld pool and the electrode tip melted like a pencil. On the other hand, the open arc with low welding current is generated between the weld pool and the electrode tip over the plate surface. The direction of the arc column and the shape of the electrode tip at the open arc change in accordance with the position of molten metal in the crater.
{"title":"Correlation between Arc Phenomena and Welding Parameters in Submerged-Arc Welding","authors":"K. Akahide, Teruo Uke Ukibe, J. Tsuboi","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.50.520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.50.520","url":null,"abstract":"In submerged arc welding, the direction of arc column and the position of molten metal in the crater have been examined using a X-ray image intensifier TV system in order to regulate weld bead shape by controlling welding parameters.Arcs are classified into the open and buried arcs depending on the position of electrode tip to the plate surface. The arc at high welding current and high travel speed, is buried in the plate and is generated forward between the front of crater and the electrode tip, which results in a knife like shape of electrode tip. The arc at high welding current and low travel speed, is buried deeply in the plate and strikes radially between the weld pool and the electrode tip melted like a pencil. On the other hand, the open arc with low welding current is generated between the weld pool and the electrode tip over the plate surface. The direction of the arc column and the shape of the electrode tip at the open arc change in accordance with the position of molten metal in the crater.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129408398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of the high-speed algorithm, using dual lines scanning, called DLS, of perimeter measurement for the figures of binary image was described in the previous report. And also it was proved theoretically that the accuracy of the measurement with that algorithm increases by employing rectangular pixel of large vertical-horizontal ratio in the same report.At this time, the algorithm is implemented in the simple hardware and the measuring characteristics is evaluated for various shape of figures. The experimental results closely agree with the estimation by the computer simulation made beforehand.There are two ways for realizing rectangular pixel with large vertical-horizontal ratio in the present raster scanning video system, they are to increase the horizontal or to decrease the vertical resolution respectively. It is confirmed experimentally that the accuracy of measurement is improved even in latter case, in which the total resolution is decreased.As the results of experimental investigation, it can be substantiated that the DLS algorithm is practically effective for the perimeter measurement of figures.
{"title":"Implementation in Hardware and Its Evaluation of Dual Lines Scanning Method : Perimeter Measurement by Dual Lines Scanning Method (Second Report)","authors":"K. Nakashima, Yutaka Obuchi, Katsunori Inoue","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS.9.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS.9.228","url":null,"abstract":"The development of the high-speed algorithm, using dual lines scanning, called DLS, of perimeter measurement for the figures of binary image was described in the previous report. And also it was proved theoretically that the accuracy of the measurement with that algorithm increases by employing rectangular pixel of large vertical-horizontal ratio in the same report.At this time, the algorithm is implemented in the simple hardware and the measuring characteristics is evaluated for various shape of figures. The experimental results closely agree with the estimation by the computer simulation made beforehand.There are two ways for realizing rectangular pixel with large vertical-horizontal ratio in the present raster scanning video system, they are to increase the horizontal or to decrease the vertical resolution respectively. It is confirmed experimentally that the accuracy of measurement is improved even in latter case, in which the total resolution is decreased.As the results of experimental investigation, it can be substantiated that the DLS algorithm is practically effective for the perimeter measurement of figures.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125206100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Intensity of secondary electron induced by incident electron beam depends on a degree of inclina-tion of surface. In the present work, 3-dimensional image for fracture surface was tried to constitute by applying this secondary elecron property with improved type SEM equipment which had four secondary electron detectors to remove a image distortion caused by observating direction. As the results, we could obtain 3-dimensional image and measured direction depth of fracture surfaces by real time treatment with 32 bit personal computer. In the case, the calculation time for one fractograph analysis was about only 5 minutes.
{"title":"Construction of 3-dimensional Image by Using A Characteristics of Secondary Electron Intensity with SEM and It's Application","authors":"M. Murata, Y. Mukai, Y. Taguchi, M. Hotta","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS.9.452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS.9.452","url":null,"abstract":"Intensity of secondary electron induced by incident electron beam depends on a degree of inclina-tion of surface. In the present work, 3-dimensional image for fracture surface was tried to constitute by applying this secondary elecron property with improved type SEM equipment which had four secondary electron detectors to remove a image distortion caused by observating direction. As the results, we could obtain 3-dimensional image and measured direction depth of fracture surfaces by real time treatment with 32 bit personal computer. In the case, the calculation time for one fractograph analysis was about only 5 minutes.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130822071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The work in this paper was designed to develop the brazing filler metal for commercial pure titanium (CPTi) from the viewpoint that the filler metal is composed of simpler alloy system having lower melting point and sufficient wettability comparing with Ti-based filler metals which have been developed so far. In this work, we investigated the Zr-based eutectic system filler metal and the wettability. The results of this work show that the Zr-47Cu filler metal allows brazing of CPTi below the α-β transfomation temperature and provides us with the joint possessing sufficient mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.
{"title":"Brazing of Commercial Pure Titanium with Zr-based Filler Metal.","authors":"Takehiko Watanabe, M. Hoshino","doi":"10.2207/qjjws.9.372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.9.372","url":null,"abstract":"The work in this paper was designed to develop the brazing filler metal for commercial pure titanium (CPTi) from the viewpoint that the filler metal is composed of simpler alloy system having lower melting point and sufficient wettability comparing with Ti-based filler metals which have been developed so far. In this work, we investigated the Zr-based eutectic system filler metal and the wettability. The results of this work show that the Zr-47Cu filler metal allows brazing of CPTi below the α-β transfomation temperature and provides us with the joint possessing sufficient mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133754646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.49.621
Y. Ueda, Iwao Nishimura, Hideaki Iiyama, Naomichi Chiba
Lamellar tearing of opening type and root cracking occasionally occur in multipass welded corner joints.In this paper, initiation and propagation characteristics of these cracks are examined by measurement of acoustic emission (AE) or weld cracking test, and effects of diffusible hydrogen and preheat-interpass temperature on them are investigated. The result of AE measurement reveais well initiation and propagation characteristics of these cracks. Effects of diffusible hydrogen and preheat-interpass temperature are hardly observed on lamellar tearing of opening type which occurs at the position away from the heat-affected zone. The lamellar tearing is initiated and propagated principally by the developement of welding stress and strain. Root cracking in multipass welded corner joints is initiated mainly by these stress and strain.It is propagated under them, being subjected to the influence of diffusible hydrogen and preheat-interpass temperature.
{"title":"Initiation and Propagation Characteristics of Lamellar Tearing and Root Cracking in Corner Joint","authors":"Y. Ueda, Iwao Nishimura, Hideaki Iiyama, Naomichi Chiba","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.49.621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.49.621","url":null,"abstract":"Lamellar tearing of opening type and root cracking occasionally occur in multipass welded corner joints.In this paper, initiation and propagation characteristics of these cracks are examined by measurement of acoustic emission (AE) or weld cracking test, and effects of diffusible hydrogen and preheat-interpass temperature on them are investigated. The result of AE measurement reveais well initiation and propagation characteristics of these cracks. Effects of diffusible hydrogen and preheat-interpass temperature are hardly observed on lamellar tearing of opening type which occurs at the position away from the heat-affected zone. The lamellar tearing is initiated and propagated principally by the developement of welding stress and strain. Root cracking in multipass welded corner joints is initiated mainly by these stress and strain.It is propagated under them, being subjected to the influence of diffusible hydrogen and preheat-interpass temperature.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115814878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.50.354
Shigeo Matsushima, K. Nozawa, Kenzo Nakamura, T. Enjo
From a simple model of the bead weld constructed by three zones (base metal (BM) without heat affected zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM)), the approximate analysis for the tensile deformation of bead welds (mild steel (arc): three.zones, and copper (TIG and electron beam) and aluminum (TIG): two zones of BM and WM) have been carried out. And the confirmation for the propriety of this analysis is made by the tensile test of their bead welds.As the results, it is found that absolute values of both ratios (σ/σx) and (e/ex) are larger than 0.85 (σ and e: equivalent stress and strain, and σx and ex: normal stress and longitudinal strain), and that the tensile deformation of bead weld is approximately expressed by the tensile deformation of the heterogeneity distribution. Moreover, it is found that initial yield for mild steel, copper (TIG) and aluminum occurs in BM in the vicinity of WM, and yield for copper (electron beam) occurs near the ditch (made by the weld), and that the yielding progresses along the boundary of HAZ (for arc and TIG). Also, it is recognized that the inclination (not perpendicular in the tensile direction) of boundary of HAZ and the contignity between HAZ and WM are necessary for the occurrence of the initial yield and for the yield progress and that the variations of the stress and the strain near boundaries between their zones occurs remarkably.
{"title":"Tensile Deformation Analysis of Bead Weld Based on Simple Three Zone Model","authors":"Shigeo Matsushima, K. Nozawa, Kenzo Nakamura, T. Enjo","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.50.354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.50.354","url":null,"abstract":"From a simple model of the bead weld constructed by three zones (base metal (BM) without heat affected zone, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal (WM)), the approximate analysis for the tensile deformation of bead welds (mild steel (arc): three.zones, and copper (TIG and electron beam) and aluminum (TIG): two zones of BM and WM) have been carried out. And the confirmation for the propriety of this analysis is made by the tensile test of their bead welds.As the results, it is found that absolute values of both ratios (σ/σx) and (e/ex) are larger than 0.85 (σ and e: equivalent stress and strain, and σx and ex: normal stress and longitudinal strain), and that the tensile deformation of bead weld is approximately expressed by the tensile deformation of the heterogeneity distribution. Moreover, it is found that initial yield for mild steel, copper (TIG) and aluminum occurs in BM in the vicinity of WM, and yield for copper (electron beam) occurs near the ditch (made by the weld), and that the yielding progresses along the boundary of HAZ (for arc and TIG). Also, it is recognized that the inclination (not perpendicular in the tensile direction) of boundary of HAZ and the contignity between HAZ and WM are necessary for the occurrence of the initial yield and for the yield progress and that the variations of the stress and the strain near boundaries between their zones occurs remarkably.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116913572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.35.9_780
K. Satoh, S. Matsui, T. Machida
Residual stress less than tensile yield stress of the material is obtained for usual groove welds of high-strength steels (See Fig. 1). In the present research attention was focused on the difference in thermal stress cycle between mild steel and high-strength steel welds. Experiments were made in such manner that a round bar specimen (Fig. 3) set in a rigid frame (Fig.2) was subjected to a thermal cycle simulating weld heat-affected zone. The thermal cycle was given by high frequency induction heating and air-cooling or controled-cooling. Thermal stress developed in the specimen was measured by a load-cell (capacity 2 tons) connected to the specimen. A mild steel and HY-80 steel were used for the experiments (See Table 1.)Thermal cycles measured at several points on the specimen are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Free expan-sions as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 were obtained between end chucks of the specimen during thermal cycles. Uniform temperature distribution along parallel part of the specimen was not expected because of high frequency induction heating. Peculiar shape of the free expansion curves is obtained as the result of nonuniform temperature distribution (See Fig. 8.).Figs. 9 thru 11 show thermal stress cycles plotted for surface temperature at the center of the specimen. It was found that factors by which residual stress is lowered are the decrease in Ar transformation temperature range over which yield stress of the material is rather small and the increase in expansion during the transformation. Therefore, rapid cooling from higher temperature than Ac1 point lowers residual stress level in high yield-strength steel welds (See Fig. 12).Degree of restraint for the rigid frame used was investigated by an analogical system shown in Fig. 13. The restraint was about one-third as large as a bar with uniform temperature fixed at the ends.
{"title":"Thermal Stresses Developed In High-strength Steels Subjected To Thermal Cycles Simulating Weld Heat-affected Zone","authors":"K. Satoh, S. Matsui, T. Machida","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.35.9_780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.35.9_780","url":null,"abstract":"Residual stress less than tensile yield stress of the material is obtained for usual groove welds of high-strength steels (See Fig. 1). In the present research attention was focused on the difference in thermal stress cycle between mild steel and high-strength steel welds. Experiments were made in such manner that a round bar specimen (Fig. 3) set in a rigid frame (Fig.2) was subjected to a thermal cycle simulating weld heat-affected zone. The thermal cycle was given by high frequency induction heating and air-cooling or controled-cooling. Thermal stress developed in the specimen was measured by a load-cell (capacity 2 tons) connected to the specimen. A mild steel and HY-80 steel were used for the experiments (See Table 1.)Thermal cycles measured at several points on the specimen are shown in Figs. 4 and 5. Free expan-sions as shown in Figs. 6 and 7 were obtained between end chucks of the specimen during thermal cycles. Uniform temperature distribution along parallel part of the specimen was not expected because of high frequency induction heating. Peculiar shape of the free expansion curves is obtained as the result of nonuniform temperature distribution (See Fig. 8.).Figs. 9 thru 11 show thermal stress cycles plotted for surface temperature at the center of the specimen. It was found that factors by which residual stress is lowered are the decrease in Ar transformation temperature range over which yield stress of the material is rather small and the increase in expansion during the transformation. Therefore, rapid cooling from higher temperature than Ac1 point lowers residual stress level in high yield-strength steel welds (See Fig. 12).Degree of restraint for the rigid frame used was investigated by an analogical system shown in Fig. 13. The restraint was about one-third as large as a bar with uniform temperature fixed at the ends.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129703762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.302
K. Satoh, K. Seo, Genichi Higuchi, T. Yatagai
This report deals with the strength of partial penetration groove welded joint which has become a subject of general interest in architecture but of which little information is available. In this report it is found that the theoretical evaluation of the strength based on the theory of localized necking agrees with the experimental results. In the series of experiments the results obtained are as follows.1) The yield strength and the maximum strength of throat area increase with an increase of the depth of penetration (p) and decrease with an increase of the leg length (f) (cf. Fig. 8, 12, 14, 20).2) The maximum laod of the welded joint increases with an increase of the depth of penetration (p) and the leg length (f) (cf. Fig. 9, 13, 15 21).3) The fracture mode is affected with a ratio of p/f. When p/f is smaller than 1.5, the fracture arises in the fillet weld metal, and when p/f is larger than 1.5, the fracture arises between the base matel and the heat affected zone. (cf. Photo. 1, 2, 3, 5).4) In the usual design of the joint, the theoretical equation (2) or Fig. 4 is well applicable.
{"title":"Experimental Study on the Mechanical Behavior and the Tensile Strength of Partial Penetration Groove Welded Joint","authors":"K. Satoh, K. Seo, Genichi Higuchi, T. Yatagai","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS1943.42.302","url":null,"abstract":"This report deals with the strength of partial penetration groove welded joint which has become a subject of general interest in architecture but of which little information is available. In this report it is found that the theoretical evaluation of the strength based on the theory of localized necking agrees with the experimental results. In the series of experiments the results obtained are as follows.1) The yield strength and the maximum strength of throat area increase with an increase of the depth of penetration (p) and decrease with an increase of the leg length (f) (cf. Fig. 8, 12, 14, 20).2) The maximum laod of the welded joint increases with an increase of the depth of penetration (p) and the leg length (f) (cf. Fig. 9, 13, 15 21).3) The fracture mode is affected with a ratio of p/f. When p/f is smaller than 1.5, the fracture arises in the fillet weld metal, and when p/f is larger than 1.5, the fracture arises between the base matel and the heat affected zone. (cf. Photo. 1, 2, 3, 5).4) In the usual design of the joint, the theoretical equation (2) or Fig. 4 is well applicable.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126870915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grain boundary carbide precipitation and corrosion in weld heat affected zone of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy to discuss effects of grain boundary structure on precipitation and corrosion from a crystallographic viewpoint. In the grain boundary precipitation region, the frequency of grain boundary carbide precipitation had a maximum near the coarse grained region and decreased gradually with the distance from there to the unaffected base metal region. The frequency increased with weld heat input. Strauss test of 304 steel HAZ showed that all the cracked grain boundaries after bend test had carbide precipitates and that the frequency of cracked boundary was roughly proportional to the frequency of grain boundary precipitation. Electron channel-ling pattern analyses in scanning electron microscopy showed that grain boundaries with ordered atomic structures were hardly etched after 10% oxalic acid etching test. These facts have suggested that grain boundary precipitation and corrosion in stainless steel weld heat affected zone depend sensitively on crystallographic character of grain boundary.
{"title":"Effect of Grain Boundary Structure on Weld Decay of Austenitic Stainless Steel (Part 1) : Crain Boundary Structure and Intergranular Corrosion in a Type 304 Stainless Steel Weld Heat Affected Zone","authors":"H. Kokawa, T. Kuwana","doi":"10.2207/QJJWS.9.258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2207/QJJWS.9.258","url":null,"abstract":"Grain boundary carbide precipitation and corrosion in weld heat affected zone of a type 304 austenitic stainless steel were investigated using optical and scanning electron microscopy to discuss effects of grain boundary structure on precipitation and corrosion from a crystallographic viewpoint. In the grain boundary precipitation region, the frequency of grain boundary carbide precipitation had a maximum near the coarse grained region and decreased gradually with the distance from there to the unaffected base metal region. The frequency increased with weld heat input. Strauss test of 304 steel HAZ showed that all the cracked grain boundaries after bend test had carbide precipitates and that the frequency of cracked boundary was roughly proportional to the frequency of grain boundary precipitation. Electron channel-ling pattern analyses in scanning electron microscopy showed that grain boundaries with ordered atomic structures were hardly etched after 10% oxalic acid etching test. These facts have suggested that grain boundary precipitation and corrosion in stainless steel weld heat affected zone depend sensitively on crystallographic character of grain boundary.","PeriodicalId":273687,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Welding Society","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114119857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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