Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463349
Hsieh-Wei Lee, S. Lei, K. Hung, Bin-Da Liu
Infiltrative nature on ultrasound images is a significant feature implying a malignant breast lesion. Characterizing the infiltrative nature with high effective and computationally inexpensive features is crucial for realizing computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, the infiltrative nature is sighted as irregularly local variance in a 1-D signal, which is induced due to the existence of some high octave energies. These energies are extractable by a modified 1-D non-recursive discrete biorthogonal wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the proposed wavelet-based features have high individual feature efficacy and the capability of improving combined feature performance.
{"title":"Breast Lesions Classification Using Modified Non-Recursive Discrete Biorthogonal Wavelet Transform","authors":"Hsieh-Wei Lee, S. Lei, K. Hung, Bin-Da Liu","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463349","url":null,"abstract":"Infiltrative nature on ultrasound images is a significant feature implying a malignant breast lesion. Characterizing the infiltrative nature with high effective and computationally inexpensive features is crucial for realizing computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, the infiltrative nature is sighted as irregularly local variance in a 1-D signal, which is induced due to the existence of some high octave energies. These energies are extractable by a modified 1-D non-recursive discrete biorthogonal wavelet transform. The experimental results show that the proposed wavelet-based features have high individual feature efficacy and the capability of improving combined feature performance.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126487020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463304
Hong Yu, G. Flores, S. Reza, G. Irby, C. Batich, R. Bashirullah, V. Meka, D. M. Peterson, N. Euliano
This paper presents a feasibility study of printed capsule antennas for medication compliance monitoring. During clinical trials, it is important to know with certainty a patient's compliance to a medication regimen, because without it, the results cannot be interpreted accurately. Small antennas printed directly onto the surface of standard capsule can potentially serve as a cost-effective method of validating medication compliance via electronic detection of a swallowed pill in the digestive tract. In this paper, we investigate various aspects of these "electronics pills," including printing methods, conductive inks and radiation characteristics of electrically small antennas inside the human body. We employ realistic antenna models and electromagnetic simulations based on the finite difference time domain method to determine the radiated field intensities for sources in the body. Phantoms solutions with electrical properties that are approximately equivalent to biological tissue are used to experimentally validate simulated results and characterize signal attenuation of electrically small radiation sources in the human torso.
{"title":"Feasibility Study of Printed Capsule Antennas for Medication Compliance Monitoring","authors":"Hong Yu, G. Flores, S. Reza, G. Irby, C. Batich, R. Bashirullah, V. Meka, D. M. Peterson, N. Euliano","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463304","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a feasibility study of printed capsule antennas for medication compliance monitoring. During clinical trials, it is important to know with certainty a patient's compliance to a medication regimen, because without it, the results cannot be interpreted accurately. Small antennas printed directly onto the surface of standard capsule can potentially serve as a cost-effective method of validating medication compliance via electronic detection of a swallowed pill in the digestive tract. In this paper, we investigate various aspects of these \"electronics pills,\" including printing methods, conductive inks and radiation characteristics of electrically small antennas inside the human body. We employ realistic antenna models and electromagnetic simulations based on the finite difference time domain method to determine the radiated field intensities for sources in the body. Phantoms solutions with electrical properties that are approximately equivalent to biological tissue are used to experimentally validate simulated results and characterize signal attenuation of electrically small radiation sources in the human torso.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116657381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463329
B. Prasad, Wael Badawy
This paper presents a high throughput cell count and cluster classification algorithm to quantify population statistics of leukemia cell lines on a conventional hemocytometer. The algorithm has been designed, implemented and tested on test images that vary in image quality. The proposed algorithm uses a recursively segmented, median filtered and a boosted Prewitt gradient mask to generate a boundary box that encloses all the identified cells. Intensity profile plots acting as signature plots further assist in classifying a single isolated cell from a cell cluster. Processed results compared manually by a biological expert resulted in an accuracy of 95 % for even low quality images with a computational time ranging between 8-12sec. Improved performance from the proposed algorithm could be observed when compared with other conventional image analysis tools.
{"title":"High Throughput Algorithm for Leukemia Cell Population Statistics on a Hemocytometer","authors":"B. Prasad, Wael Badawy","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463329","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a high throughput cell count and cluster classification algorithm to quantify population statistics of leukemia cell lines on a conventional hemocytometer. The algorithm has been designed, implemented and tested on test images that vary in image quality. The proposed algorithm uses a recursively segmented, median filtered and a boosted Prewitt gradient mask to generate a boundary box that encloses all the identified cells. Intensity profile plots acting as signature plots further assist in classifying a single isolated cell from a cell cluster. Processed results compared manually by a biological expert resulted in an accuracy of 95 % for even low quality images with a computational time ranging between 8-12sec. Improved performance from the proposed algorithm could be observed when compared with other conventional image analysis tools.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463310
T. Lande, H. A. Hjortland
Improving quality of service in wireless communication links is of vital importance in biomedical applications. Current wireless technology is far from satisfactory conveying vital signs in personalized healthcare. Nevertheless current technology like Bluetooth and ZigBee is explored even for critical monitoring of patients, both in hospital environments and homecare. In this paper we are exploring impulse radio as a feasible technology for health monitoring. By exploring advanced technology and novel architectures, improved quality of service may be granted. Additional interesting biomedical functionality of impulse radio is detached body sensors (short-range medical radar).
{"title":"Impulse Radio technology for Biomedical applications","authors":"T. Lande, H. A. Hjortland","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463310","url":null,"abstract":"Improving quality of service in wireless communication links is of vital importance in biomedical applications. Current wireless technology is far from satisfactory conveying vital signs in personalized healthcare. Nevertheless current technology like Bluetooth and ZigBee is explored even for critical monitoring of patients, both in hospital environments and homecare. In this paper we are exploring impulse radio as a feasible technology for health monitoring. By exploring advanced technology and novel architectures, improved quality of service may be granted. Additional interesting biomedical functionality of impulse radio is detached body sensors (short-range medical radar).","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125340813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463327
S. Narasimhan, Yu Zhou, H. Chiel, S. Bhunia
Modern-day bio-implantable chips for neural prostheses cannot monitor a large number of electrodes at the same time since they suffer from excessively high data rates. Hence, it is imperative to design area and power-efficient digital circuits for appropriate conditioning of the recorded neural signal in order to remain within the bandwidth constraint. Previously, we have proposed an algorithm for neural data compression, which incorporates the concept of creating and maintaining a dynamic vocabulary of neural spike waveforms represented as wavelet transform coefficients. In this paper, we propose an appropriate architecture for low-power and area-efficient VLSI implementation of the scheme. Based on simulation results, the hardware consumes 3.55 muW and 0.36 mW power using 0.18 mum CMOS technology for 1-channel and 100-channel neural recording applications, respectively.
现代用于神经假体的生物植入芯片由于数据速率过高，无法同时监测大量电极。因此，必须设计面积和功率效率高的数字电路，以适当地调节所记录的神经信号，以保持在带宽限制内。之前，我们提出了一种神经数据压缩算法，该算法包含了创建和维护以小波变换系数表示的神经尖峰波形动态词汇表的概念。在本文中，我们提出了一种适合低功耗和面积高效的VLSI实现方案的架构。基于仿真结果，采用0.18 μ m CMOS技术的硬件功耗分别为3.55 μ w和0.36 μ w，用于1通道和100通道神经记录应用。
{"title":"Low-Power VLSI Architecture for Neural Data Compression Using Vocabulary-based Approach","authors":"S. Narasimhan, Yu Zhou, H. Chiel, S. Bhunia","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463327","url":null,"abstract":"Modern-day bio-implantable chips for neural prostheses cannot monitor a large number of electrodes at the same time since they suffer from excessively high data rates. Hence, it is imperative to design area and power-efficient digital circuits for appropriate conditioning of the recorded neural signal in order to remain within the bandwidth constraint. Previously, we have proposed an algorithm for neural data compression, which incorporates the concept of creating and maintaining a dynamic vocabulary of neural spike waveforms represented as wavelet transform coefficients. In this paper, we propose an appropriate architecture for low-power and area-efficient VLSI implementation of the scheme. Based on simulation results, the hardware consumes 3.55 muW and 0.36 mW power using 0.18 mum CMOS technology for 1-channel and 100-channel neural recording applications, respectively.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128981362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463297
C. Charles
This paper outlines the requirements for high-rate implantable data links as would be used in applications such as visual prostheses. Methods used in current research are categorized and recently reported implementations are discussed and compared. The most significant shortcoming of current implementations is in their data rates which are limited to several Mb/s, while rates of several tens of Mb/s are envisioned to be necessary for a functional visual prosthesis. Several promising methods for achieving increased data rates are discussed, including ultra-wide band signaling, infrared transmission, and body conduction techniques.
{"title":"Wireless Data Links for Biomedical Implants: Current Research and Future Directions","authors":"C. Charles","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463297","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines the requirements for high-rate implantable data links as would be used in applications such as visual prostheses. Methods used in current research are categorized and recently reported implementations are discussed and compared. The most significant shortcoming of current implementations is in their data rates which are limited to several Mb/s, while rates of several tens of Mb/s are envisioned to be necessary for a functional visual prosthesis. Several promising methods for achieving increased data rates are discussed, including ultra-wide band signaling, infrared transmission, and body conduction techniques.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127031098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463299
Chao Yang, D. Rairigh, Andrew J. Mason
With rapid progress in the miniaturization of biosensors, array microsystems utilizing impedance spectroscopy (IS) are of emerging interest. Focused on the electronics portion of such IS microsystems, this paper analyzes FFT-based and frequency response analyzer (FRA)-based approaches and compares them for hardware efficiency in array applications. For the chosen FRA-based approach, two possible systems are described and their circuit-level realizations are presented, one targeting high accuracy applications and the other prioritizing rapid interrogation.
{"title":"Fully Integrated Impedance Spectroscopy Systems for Biochemical Sensor Array","authors":"Chao Yang, D. Rairigh, Andrew J. Mason","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463299","url":null,"abstract":"With rapid progress in the miniaturization of biosensors, array microsystems utilizing impedance spectroscopy (IS) are of emerging interest. Focused on the electronics portion of such IS microsystems, this paper analyzes FFT-based and frequency response analyzer (FRA)-based approaches and compares them for hardware efficiency in array applications. For the chosen FRA-based approach, two possible systems are described and their circuit-level realizations are presented, one targeting high accuracy applications and the other prioritizing rapid interrogation.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130161229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463308
Lars Erik Solberg, I. Balasingham
The non-invasive techniques to measure vital signs have received much attention lately. They exhibit several advantages compared to the traditional invasive techniques. One such technique can be based on radar principles. In this paper we scrutinize the statistical properties of a medical radar developed on a single CMOS chip, which operates in the ultra wideband from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. A key part of the chip is based on a new technique for sampling at very high frequencies called swept- threshold sampling. This is based on multiple pulse emissions, accumulation and range-gating. We derive expressions for the bias and variance of swept-threshold sampling and show that the bias is a strong function of noise power and input value, but independent of the swept-threshold parameters for a fixed input range. The variance is shown to be proportional to the quantization step size and standard deviation of the noise process. Finally, simulation results are provided as proof of concept, and they show that the derived theoretical equations for bias and mean square error are valid.
{"title":"On the Swept-threshold Sampling in UWB Medical Radar","authors":"Lars Erik Solberg, I. Balasingham","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463308","url":null,"abstract":"The non-invasive techniques to measure vital signs have received much attention lately. They exhibit several advantages compared to the traditional invasive techniques. One such technique can be based on radar principles. In this paper we scrutinize the statistical properties of a medical radar developed on a single CMOS chip, which operates in the ultra wideband from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. A key part of the chip is based on a new technique for sampling at very high frequencies called swept- threshold sampling. This is based on multiple pulse emissions, accumulation and range-gating. We derive expressions for the bias and variance of swept-threshold sampling and show that the bias is a strong function of noise power and input value, but independent of the swept-threshold parameters for a fixed input range. The variance is shown to be proportional to the quantization step size and standard deviation of the noise process. Finally, simulation results are provided as proof of concept, and they show that the derived theoretical equations for bias and mean square error are valid.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114408414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463306
B. Gosselin, A. E. Ayoub, M. Sawan
We present the design of a multi-chip neural interface intended for multi-channel neural recording. The design features a mixed-signal part that handles neural signal conditioning, digitization and time-division multiplexing, and a digital part that provides control, bandwidth reduction, and serial communications towards a host interface. The two CMOS 0.18-mum fabricated embedded circuits that implement both parts are directly mounted on the back of a medical-grade stainless steel microelectrodes array and wire-bonded to its post-processed base. The presented neural interface integrates 16 channels for validation; however, the proposed approach is scalable to larger channel counts. In fact, it is suitable to implement microsystems including several hundreds of recording channels. The performance of the implemented multi-channel interface was validated with real neural waveforms.
{"title":"A Mixed-Signal Multi-Chip Neural Recording Interface with Bandwidth Reduction","authors":"B. Gosselin, A. E. Ayoub, M. Sawan","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463306","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design of a multi-chip neural interface intended for multi-channel neural recording. The design features a mixed-signal part that handles neural signal conditioning, digitization and time-division multiplexing, and a digital part that provides control, bandwidth reduction, and serial communications towards a host interface. The two CMOS 0.18-mum fabricated embedded circuits that implement both parts are directly mounted on the back of a medical-grade stainless steel microelectrodes array and wire-bonded to its post-processed base. The presented neural interface integrates 16 channels for validation; however, the proposed approach is scalable to larger channel counts. In fact, it is suitable to implement microsystems including several hundreds of recording channels. The performance of the implemented multi-channel interface was validated with real neural waveforms.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114601676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463309
N. V. Helleputte, G. Gielen, Kasteelpark Arenberg
This paper discusses an architecture for an integrated ultra-low power impulse radio receiver for low data rate applications such as biomedical sensor networks. Choosing a proper system architecture allows to implement a receiver with relaxed specifications for the typical building blocks which results in a low-power implementation. Furthermore a design in 130 nm CMOS of a fully integrated ultra-low power PLL, a critical block of such receivers, is presented. The PLL serves a double purpose. It acts as the master clock generator for the receiver and it is also used to generate a template waveform for pulse reception. The latter requires the PLL to have quadrature outputs since the receiver uses I/Q reception. Because rather relaxed specifications in terms of phase-noise are required, a differential ring VCO with an even amount of stages is a suitable topology. The VCO has a measured center frequency of 568 MHz and a tuning range of 23%. It achieves a phase-noise of -91 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset. The PLL employs a divide-by-8 and locks to an externally applied 75 MHz clock. Measurements show a total power consumption less than 200 muW with an rms jitter of 24 ps on an output clock of 600 MHz.
{"title":"An Ultra-low-Power Quadrature PLL in 130nm CMOS for Impulse Radio Receivers","authors":"N. V. Helleputte, G. Gielen, Kasteelpark Arenberg","doi":"10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BIOCAS.2007.4463309","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses an architecture for an integrated ultra-low power impulse radio receiver for low data rate applications such as biomedical sensor networks. Choosing a proper system architecture allows to implement a receiver with relaxed specifications for the typical building blocks which results in a low-power implementation. Furthermore a design in 130 nm CMOS of a fully integrated ultra-low power PLL, a critical block of such receivers, is presented. The PLL serves a double purpose. It acts as the master clock generator for the receiver and it is also used to generate a template waveform for pulse reception. The latter requires the PLL to have quadrature outputs since the receiver uses I/Q reception. Because rather relaxed specifications in terms of phase-noise are required, a differential ring VCO with an even amount of stages is a suitable topology. The VCO has a measured center frequency of 568 MHz and a tuning range of 23%. It achieves a phase-noise of -91 dBc/Hz @ 1 MHz offset. The PLL employs a divide-by-8 and locks to an externally applied 75 MHz clock. Measurements show a total power consumption less than 200 muW with an rms jitter of 24 ps on an output clock of 600 MHz.","PeriodicalId":273819,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127066836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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