Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.24193/subbnegotia.2020.3.04
Cornelia Pop, M. Georgescu
"The present paper continues the work of Pop et al. (2019) on what concerns the drivers of rural accommodation development in Romania. The study covers the same period: 2005 to 2019. This study introduces a new factor / driver: the accessibility of communes via the national and county road network. Similar to the findings of Pop et al. (2019), the 2008 and 2012 ranks were established based on the existing tourist attractions. The 2012 rank is strongly influenced by 2008 ranks and, under the present study, by accessibility. Though, the influence of both ranks on lodgings (both under NIS and MoT data) remains weak to very weak hence suggesting the need to introduce new factors in order to explain the lodging development in rural areas. Keywords: rural tourism, lodging, resources, Romania JEL classification: L83 "
“本文继续了Pop等人(2019)关于罗马尼亚农村住宿发展驱动因素的工作。该研究涵盖了2005年至2019年的同一时期。本研究引入了一个新的因素/驱动因素:通过国家和县域公路网的可达性。与Pop et al.(2019)的研究结果类似，2008年和2012年的排名是根据现有的旅游景点建立的。2012年的排名受到2008年排名的强烈影响，在本研究中，受可及性的影响。尽管如此，这两个排名对住宿的影响(在NIS和交通部的数据下)仍然很弱，因此表明需要引入新的因素来解释农村地区的住宿发展。关键词:乡村旅游住宿资源罗马尼亚ajel分类:L83
{"title":"The Drivers of Rural Accommodation Development in Romania: A Preliminary Study - Part 2","authors":"Cornelia Pop, M. Georgescu","doi":"10.24193/subbnegotia.2020.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2020.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"\"The present paper continues the work of Pop et al. (2019) on what concerns the drivers of rural accommodation development in Romania. The study covers the same period: 2005 to 2019. This study introduces a new factor / driver: the accessibility of communes via the national and county road network.\u0000Similar to the findings of Pop et al. (2019), the 2008 and 2012 ranks were established based on the existing tourist attractions. The 2012 rank is strongly influenced by 2008 ranks and, under the present study, by accessibility. Though, the influence of both ranks on lodgings (both under NIS and MoT data) remains weak to very weak hence suggesting the need to introduce new factors in order to explain the lodging development in rural areas.\u0000\u0000Keywords: rural tourism, lodging, resources, Romania\u0000\u0000JEL classification: L83\u0000\"","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123100154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to UNCTAD, the global number of foreign direct investment projects in manufacturing announced in 2018 reached 8049 (UNCTAD, 2019: 9-10). Although the real number of realized projects will be much smaller in 2020-2021 because of the global fall of foreign direct investments (UNCTAD, 2020: xi) the overall number of newly installed factories will be still counted in thousands. In many developing and emerging markets, especially in South-East Asia, Latin America and Russia, ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new facilities opened by foreign investors are mandatory. We ran a study identifying all videoed ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new facilities opened by foreign investors in Russia in 2012-2018. Using a detailed analysis of the content of speeches delivered by representative of foreign investors and representative of local authorities at those ceremonies, and information obtained through personal observations and interviews, we were able to discover the surface and deeper level meaning attaching to these ceremonies, to propose the definition of efficient plant-opening ceremonies and to demonstrate how it is possible to amend the design of such ceremonies to increase their effectiveness and also to increase mental coherence between the corporate center and oversea subsidiaries.
{"title":"Making A Mundane Ceremony Into A Meaningful Organizational Ritual -- Re-Design Of Ribbon-Cutting Ceremonies For Overseas Manufacturing Projects","authors":"I. Gurkov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3697357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3697357","url":null,"abstract":"According to UNCTAD, the global number of foreign direct investment projects in manufacturing announced in 2018 reached 8049 (UNCTAD, 2019: 9-10). Although the real number of realized projects will be much smaller in 2020-2021 because of the global fall of foreign direct investments (UNCTAD, 2020: xi) the overall number of newly installed factories will be still counted in thousands. In many developing and emerging markets, especially in South-East Asia, Latin America and Russia, ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new facilities opened by foreign investors are mandatory. We ran a study identifying all videoed ribbon-cutting ceremonies for new facilities opened by foreign investors in Russia in 2012-2018. Using a detailed analysis of the content of speeches delivered by representative of foreign investors and representative of local authorities at those ceremonies, and information obtained through personal observations and interviews, we were able to discover the surface and deeper level meaning attaching to these ceremonies, to propose the definition of efficient plant-opening ceremonies and to demonstrate how it is possible to amend the design of such ceremonies to increase their effectiveness and also to increase mental coherence between the corporate center and oversea subsidiaries.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131600199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aldo G. Carranza, M. Goic, Eduardo Lara, M. Olivares, G. Weintraub, Julio Covarrubia, Cristian Escobedo, Natalia Jara, L. Basso
Voluntary shelter-in-place directives and lockdowns are the main nonpharmaceutical interventions that governments around the globe have used to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we study the impact of such interventions in the capital of a developing country, Santiago, Chile, that exhibits large socioeconomic inequality. A distinctive feature of our study is that we use granular geolocated mobile phone data to construct mobility measures that capture (1) shelter-in-place behavior and (2) trips within the city to destinations with potentially different risk profiles. Using panel data linear regression models, we first show that the impact of social distancing measures and lockdowns on mobility is highly heterogeneous and dependent on socioeconomic levels. More specifically, our estimates indicate that, although zones of high socioeconomic levels can exhibit reductions in mobility of around 50%–90% depending on the specific mobility metric used, these reductions are only 20%–50% for lower income communities. The large reductions in higher income communities are significantly driven by voluntary shelter-in-place behavior. Second, also using panel data methods, we show that our mobility measures are important predictors of infections: roughly, a 10% increase in mobility correlates with a 5% increase in the rate of infection. Our results suggest that mobility is an important factor explaining differences in infection rates between high- and low-incomes areas within the city. Further, they confirm the challenges of reducing mobility in lower income communities, where people generate their income from their daily work. To be effective, shelter-in-place restrictions in municipalities of low socioeconomic levels may need to be complemented by other supporting measures that enable their inhabitants to increase compliance. This paper was accepted by David Simchi Levi, healthcare management.
{"title":"The Social Divide of Social Distancing: Shelter-in-Place Behavior in Santiago during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Aldo G. Carranza, M. Goic, Eduardo Lara, M. Olivares, G. Weintraub, Julio Covarrubia, Cristian Escobedo, Natalia Jara, L. Basso","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3691373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3691373","url":null,"abstract":"Voluntary shelter-in-place directives and lockdowns are the main nonpharmaceutical interventions that governments around the globe have used to contain the Covid-19 pandemic. In this paper, we study the impact of such interventions in the capital of a developing country, Santiago, Chile, that exhibits large socioeconomic inequality. A distinctive feature of our study is that we use granular geolocated mobile phone data to construct mobility measures that capture (1) shelter-in-place behavior and (2) trips within the city to destinations with potentially different risk profiles. Using panel data linear regression models, we first show that the impact of social distancing measures and lockdowns on mobility is highly heterogeneous and dependent on socioeconomic levels. More specifically, our estimates indicate that, although zones of high socioeconomic levels can exhibit reductions in mobility of around 50%–90% depending on the specific mobility metric used, these reductions are only 20%–50% for lower income communities. The large reductions in higher income communities are significantly driven by voluntary shelter-in-place behavior. Second, also using panel data methods, we show that our mobility measures are important predictors of infections: roughly, a 10% increase in mobility correlates with a 5% increase in the rate of infection. Our results suggest that mobility is an important factor explaining differences in infection rates between high- and low-incomes areas within the city. Further, they confirm the challenges of reducing mobility in lower income communities, where people generate their income from their daily work. To be effective, shelter-in-place restrictions in municipalities of low socioeconomic levels may need to be complemented by other supporting measures that enable their inhabitants to increase compliance. This paper was accepted by David Simchi Levi, healthcare management.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132483897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Khan, Ayasha Akbar, S. Faisal, M. Naushad, S. Fahad
The study was carried out since 26, June, 2020. The major objective was to critically review Covid-2019 in South Korea and impacts on its economy. Secondary data was used and total 21 articles were downloaded from the net and critically review 20 times in depth and results was drawn. The result indicates that from January 20 until February 17, the number of new infections of Covid-2019 was low but during phase two from February 18 till March 11, the curve started to trend upwards with patient number 31 associated with the religious group in Daegu. In the beginning of corona Patient No 31 has spread the diseases in the country. The curve peaked at the end of February and started to level off.“Phase three started from March 12 till now when we have seen a downward trend in new cases with sporadic new clusters of infections. The government has applied the methodology of China and all boundaries of the country were closed. In side country no locked down was fully applied while all people were tested in the country and per day rate of the test was 20,000 and total one million people were tested from 20, January, 2020 till 19 June 2020. All country hospitals were used as one Unit. Patients were transferred to those hospitals where the numbers of beds were more. Similarly Doctors were also transferred to other hospitals of the country where the need was more. In hospital triage techniques were used. Categorization of the infected Covid-2019 was made, namely severe, middle and low. Serious people were shifted to ICU Units. Similarly 100 laboratories were made for corona testing in the country and due to energetic step the corona number was decreased after 12 March, 2020. McClean on 25th March, 2020 reported that the highest number in Seoul was 75 but in Daegu was 735. The population of the Seoul is 2.5 million and Daegu population 2.5 and similarly 85% cases were diagnosed in daegu. The cause was that in daegu the religious ceremony was held. He further told that the total confirmed cases on 25th March, 2020 was 9,137 among them 3,730 were discharged after recovery and 126 died. So until now fully recovered patients percentage is 41% and mortality rate is 1.4. But further on 19 June,2020 the Won So reported that the total confirmed cases number was 12306 and the death number was 280 and the new cases number was 274 when it is compared with other countries of the world, the corona cases number trend is very low in South Korea. So the credit goes to the present government of South Korea King Moon. The study shows that South Korea has done exemplary work for control of corona virus. Similarly the economy was highly affected by corona pandemic. Tourism is the major portion of its economy, so all visitors were banned on the country in the beginning because of this the demand of the goods of the industries were decreased while in the first quarter of this year, the tourism revenue was decreased 2.9 trillion Won. All motors companies were closed due to non avai
{"title":"Critical Review of COVID-2019 in South Korea and Impacts on Its Economy","authors":"N. Khan, Ayasha Akbar, S. Faisal, M. Naushad, S. Fahad","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3637022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3637022","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out since 26, June, 2020. The major objective was to critically review Covid-2019 in South Korea and impacts on its economy. Secondary data was used and total 21 articles were downloaded from the net and critically review 20 times in depth and results was drawn. The result indicates that from January 20 until February 17, the number of new infections of Covid-2019 was low but during phase two from February 18 till March 11, the curve started to trend upwards with patient number 31 associated with the religious group in Daegu. In the beginning of corona Patient No 31 has spread the diseases in the country. The curve peaked at the end of February and started to level off.“Phase three started from March 12 till now when we have seen a downward trend in new cases with sporadic new clusters of infections. The government has applied the methodology of China and all boundaries of the country were closed. In side country no locked down was fully applied while all people were tested in the country and per day rate of the test was 20,000 and total one million people were tested from 20, January, 2020 till 19 June 2020. All country hospitals were used as one Unit. Patients were transferred to those hospitals where the numbers of beds were more. Similarly Doctors were also transferred to other hospitals of the country where the need was more. In hospital triage techniques were used. Categorization of the infected Covid-2019 was made, namely severe, middle and low. Serious people were shifted to ICU Units. Similarly 100 laboratories were made for corona testing in the country and due to energetic step the corona number was decreased after 12 March, 2020. McClean on 25th March, 2020 reported that the highest number in Seoul was 75 but in Daegu was 735. The population of the Seoul is 2.5 million and Daegu population 2.5 and similarly 85% cases were diagnosed in daegu. The cause was that in daegu the religious ceremony was held. He further told that the total confirmed cases on 25th March, 2020 was 9,137 among them 3,730 were discharged after recovery and 126 died. So until now fully recovered patients percentage is 41% and mortality rate is 1.4. But further on 19 June,2020 the Won So reported that the total confirmed cases number was 12306 and the death number was 280 and the new cases number was 274 when it is compared with other countries of the world, the corona cases number trend is very low in South Korea. So the credit goes to the present government of South Korea King Moon. The study shows that South Korea has done exemplary work for control of corona virus. Similarly the economy was highly affected by corona pandemic. Tourism is the major portion of its economy, so all visitors were banned on the country in the beginning because of this the demand of the goods of the industries were decreased while in the first quarter of this year, the tourism revenue was decreased 2.9 trillion Won. All motors companies were closed due to non avai","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124472202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy Lebow, Jonathan Moreno Medina, Horacio Coral
The large number of internationally displaced people worldwide has brought new attention to the impact of refugee resettlement on social capital in the host country.We study the causal impact of mass migration on trust towards foreigners and other natives in the context of the recent Venezuelan exodus to Colombia. We combine an instrumental variable approach with a large and nationally representative survey on social preferences. We find that migrants sort into more trusting locations, and that once this endogenous sorting is accounted for there is no average effect of immigration on trust. However, in municipalities that are more urbanized, productive, educated and with better provision of public goods, immigration increases trust in foreigners and other natives. Our results suggest that, given appropriate conditions, close proximity to immigrants does not drive anti-immigrant sentiment and can in fact improve cooperative attitudes towards immigrants.
{"title":"Immigration and Trust: The Case of Venezuelans in Colombia","authors":"Jeremy Lebow, Jonathan Moreno Medina, Horacio Coral","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3660641","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3660641","url":null,"abstract":"The large number of internationally displaced people worldwide has brought new attention to the impact of refugee resettlement on social capital in the host country.We study the causal impact of mass migration on trust towards foreigners and other natives in the context of the recent Venezuelan exodus to Colombia. We combine an instrumental variable approach with a large and nationally representative survey on social preferences. We find that migrants sort into more trusting locations, and that once this endogenous sorting is accounted for there is no average effect of immigration on trust. However, in municipalities that are more urbanized, productive, educated and with better provision of public goods, immigration increases trust in foreigners and other natives. Our results suggest that, given appropriate conditions, close proximity to immigrants does not drive anti-immigrant sentiment and can in fact improve cooperative attitudes towards immigrants.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124579754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-19DOI: 10.24088/ijbea-2020-53001
Muhammad Yasir Imam, Noor Un Nisa, Gul Sher Khan, Asim Saleem
The purpose of the study is to give a theoretical frame-work for the internationalization of SMEs, and efforts are being made to identify the factors that influence the state of SMEs internationally in the Pakistan. Due to lack of global mindset, organizational resources utilization, general capabilities, management experience, dynamics of international markets, and regulatory frameworks, family-owned businesses are less likely to maintain their share of international markets while developing countries by focusing on the SMEs of internationalization, as like Pakistan. SMEs from the Pakistan are focusing on traditional samples and are still not able to gain a significant share in international markets, but are losing their shares in international markets. Most SMEs in Pakistan have been owned families and also operated by these for decades. With the appearance of the financial integration, SMEs are moving beyond borders and also gaining the market share in the overseas markets. SMEs earn more profit by selling products in the international markets and contribute significantly to Pakistan’s economic growth. For the establishment of State Internationalization, the Evidence Based Study is utilized to determine the suspects facing SMES. The literature on firms’ globalization is primarily based on the research from all South Asia and other countries. This framework identifies potential factors which affecting the performance of Pakistan owned-family SMEs in international markets. The SMEs require to revise their processes strategies, and also operations to reach the approach for desired level of market share in the international markets.
{"title":"Dilemmas for SMEs Establishment on an International Basis","authors":"Muhammad Yasir Imam, Noor Un Nisa, Gul Sher Khan, Asim Saleem","doi":"10.24088/ijbea-2020-53001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24088/ijbea-2020-53001","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study is to give a theoretical frame-work for the internationalization of SMEs, and efforts are being made to identify the factors that influence the state of SMEs internationally in the Pakistan. Due to lack of global mindset, organizational resources utilization, general capabilities, management experience, dynamics of international markets, and regulatory frameworks, family-owned businesses are less likely to maintain their share of international markets while developing countries by focusing on the SMEs of internationalization, as like Pakistan. SMEs from the Pakistan are focusing on traditional samples and are still not able to gain a significant share in international markets, but are losing their shares in international markets. Most SMEs in Pakistan have been owned families and also operated by these for decades. With the appearance of the financial integration, SMEs are moving beyond borders and also gaining the market share in the overseas markets. SMEs earn more profit by selling products in the international markets and contribute significantly to Pakistan’s economic growth. For the establishment of State Internationalization, the Evidence Based Study is utilized to determine the suspects facing SMES. The literature on firms’ globalization is primarily based on the research from all South Asia and other countries. This framework identifies potential factors which affecting the performance of Pakistan owned-family SMEs in international markets. The SMEs require to revise their processes strategies, and also operations to reach the approach for desired level of market share in the international markets.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122962770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ernesto Dal Bó, Frederico Finan, Nicholas Li, L. Schechter
Standard models of hierarchy assume that agents and middle managers are better informed than principals. We estimate the value of the informational advantage held by supervisors—middle managers—when ministerial leadership—the principal—introduced a new monitoring technology aimed at improving the performance of agricultural extension agents (AEAs) in rural Paraguay. Our approach employs a novel experimental design that elicited treatment‐priority rankings from supervisors before randomization of treatment. We find that supervisors have valuable information—they prioritize AEAs who would be more responsive to the monitoring treatment. We develop a model of monitoring under different scales of treatment roll‐out and different treatment allocation rules. We semiparametrically estimate marginal treatment effects (MTEs) to demonstrate that the value of information and the benefits to decentralizing treatment decisions depend crucially on the sophistication of the principal and on the scale of roll‐out.
{"title":"Information Technology and Government Decentralization: Experimental Evidence from Paraguay","authors":"Ernesto Dal Bó, Frederico Finan, Nicholas Li, L. Schechter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3219383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3219383","url":null,"abstract":"Standard models of hierarchy assume that agents and middle managers are better informed than principals. We estimate the value of the informational advantage held by supervisors—middle managers—when ministerial leadership—the principal—introduced a new monitoring technology aimed at improving the performance of agricultural extension agents (AEAs) in rural Paraguay. Our approach employs a novel experimental design that elicited treatment‐priority rankings from supervisors before randomization of treatment. We find that supervisors have valuable information—they prioritize AEAs who would be more responsive to the monitoring treatment. We develop a model of monitoring under different scales of treatment roll‐out and different treatment allocation rules. We semiparametrically estimate marginal treatment effects (MTEs) to demonstrate that the value of information and the benefits to decentralizing treatment decisions depend crucially on the sophistication of the principal and on the scale of roll‐out.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125982482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mannan, G.M. Omar Faruque Chowdhury, Dr. Khan Farhana
The COVID-19 outbreak led the governments of many countries to impose restrictions on non-essential travel to countries affected by coronavirus, indefinitely suspending tourism travel, work visas and immigrant visas. Some countries placed a complete travel ban on all forms of inward or outward travel, shutting down all airports in the country. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to review the survival strategies by the international recruiting agencies in the country both triggered and prolonged the recession while trying to save the lives of citizens. In this regards, in the random sample selection process 291 recruiting agents were selected out of total 1,189 active members of Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). The econometric model developed is used to assess the relationships between COVID-19 sustainability and the exploratory determinant variables. The results delve out that the only five variables out of twenty-four to survive are owner (s) personal reserve fund, shark loan, sale of other assets and properties, probability of bankruptcy and probably closing business soon. This paper contributes to the literature by showing that financial factors and/or non-economic factors can trigger both a financial and economic meltdown in unprecedented ways. This study also propose a model for investigating sustainability of other business sectors in the same way. Finally, it suggest that in order to protect manpower export sector, the Government of Bangladesh needs to bring under a special program and provide financial and strategic assistance to recruiting agencies in overall market research, exploration and creation.
{"title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic Impacts on Manpower Export: An Econometric Analysis of Survival Strategies of Recruiting Agencies in Bangladesh","authors":"K. Mannan, G.M. Omar Faruque Chowdhury, Dr. Khan Farhana","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3676877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3676877","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 outbreak led the governments of many countries to impose restrictions on non-essential travel to countries affected by coronavirus, indefinitely suspending tourism travel, work visas and immigrant visas. Some countries placed a complete travel ban on all forms of inward or outward travel, shutting down all airports in the country. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to review the survival strategies by the international recruiting agencies in the country both triggered and prolonged the recession while trying to save the lives of citizens. In this regards, in the random sample selection process 291 recruiting agents were selected out of total 1,189 active members of Bangladesh Association of International Recruiting Agencies (BAIRA). The econometric model developed is used to assess the relationships between COVID-19 sustainability and the exploratory determinant variables. The results delve out that the only five variables out of twenty-four to survive are owner (s) personal reserve fund, shark loan, sale of other assets and properties, probability of bankruptcy and probably closing business soon. This paper contributes to the literature by showing that financial factors and/or non-economic factors can trigger both a financial and economic meltdown in unprecedented ways. This study also propose a model for investigating sustainability of other business sectors in the same way. Finally, it suggest that in order to protect manpower export sector, the Government of Bangladesh needs to bring under a special program and provide financial and strategic assistance to recruiting agencies in overall market research, exploration and creation.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"1153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124903735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The approach to reducing the current harm from the COVID-19 disease is to mandate or encourage an array of social distancing behaviors. These behaviors have the negative effects of reducing GDP, personal incomes, and increasing unemployment leading to calls for opening up the economy and thereby reducing social distancing. This makes more sense to do in developing economies which lack the private and public safety nets to compensate for the lost income. However, if this opening-up policy is followed, we suggest that social distancing be maintained at the level that minimizes deaths.
{"title":"Towards a Model of Optimal Social Distancing During a Pandemic","authors":"S. Balkin, J. Mcdonald","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3616229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3616229","url":null,"abstract":"The approach to reducing the current harm from the COVID-19 disease is to mandate or encourage an array of social distancing behaviors. These behaviors have the negative effects of reducing GDP, personal incomes, and increasing unemployment leading to calls for opening up the economy and thereby reducing social distancing. This makes more sense to do in developing economies which lack the private and public safety nets to compensate for the lost income. However, if this opening-up policy is followed, we suggest that social distancing be maintained at the level that minimizes deaths.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123413588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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