Human resource development for employees is to enhance productivity and overall performance of the organizations. This is due to the recognition of the important role of human resource development in attainment of organizational goals. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of Human resource development on employees’ performance in the Nigerian University system. Collection of data for the study was effected through the use of questionnaire with a sample size of 263 drawn by stratified random sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study shows that almost all of the respondents agreed that to a large extent, human resource development practices if properly applied in developing personnel strength would go a long way in enhancing positive impact on the job performance of the employees’. The study recommends that management of Universities in Nigerian must ensure that employees training and development form the heart of their cardinal mission.
{"title":"Impact of Human Resource Development on Employees Performance","authors":"Timothy Wale Olaosebikan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3526441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526441","url":null,"abstract":"Human resource development for employees is to enhance productivity and overall performance of the organizations. This is due to the recognition of the important role of human resource development in attainment of organizational goals. Consequently, this study investigated the impact of Human resource development on employees’ performance in the Nigerian University system. Collection of data for the study was effected through the use of questionnaire with a sample size of 263 drawn by stratified random sampling. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The findings of the study shows that almost all of the respondents agreed that to a large extent, human resource development practices if properly applied in developing personnel strength would go a long way in enhancing positive impact on the job performance of the employees’. The study recommends that management of Universities in Nigerian must ensure that employees training and development form the heart of their cardinal mission.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"183 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124614760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-25DOI: 10.17265/2328-2185/2020.01.006
G. Uysal
Various studies explore strategic HRM. Two definitions dominate the theory yet in strategic human resource management (SHRM): Wright and McMahan (1992), and Devanna, Fombrun, and Tichy (1981). Gurhan model benchmarks those models with performance and strategy dimensions. Performance and strategy enable firms to achieve organizational goals. In SHRM definition, HRM contributes to firms’ organizational objectives. Third dimension in the model is system. System increases impact of HRM practices on individual and firm performances. To conclude, Gurhan model combines variables of American HRM style: performance, strategy, system.
各种研究探索战略人力资源管理。目前在战略人力资源管理(SHRM)理论中占主导地位的定义有两种:Wright and McMahan(1992)和Devanna, Fombrun, and Tichy(1981)。Gurhan模型用性能和策略维度对这些模型进行基准测试。绩效和战略使企业能够实现组织目标。在人力资源管理定义中，人力资源管理有助于企业的组织目标。模型中的第三个维度是系统。系统增加人力资源管理实践对个人和企业绩效的影响。综上所述，Gurhan模型结合了美国人力资源管理风格的变量:绩效、战略、系统。
{"title":"Gürhan Model for SHRM: Explorative Study","authors":"G. Uysal","doi":"10.17265/2328-2185/2020.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17265/2328-2185/2020.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Various studies explore strategic HRM. Two definitions dominate the theory yet in strategic human resource management (SHRM): Wright and McMahan (1992), and Devanna, Fombrun, and Tichy (1981). Gurhan model benchmarks those models with performance and strategy dimensions. Performance and strategy enable firms to achieve organizational goals. In SHRM definition, HRM contributes to firms’ organizational objectives. Third dimension in the model is system. System increases impact of HRM practices on individual and firm performances. To conclude, Gurhan model combines variables of American HRM style: performance, strategy, system.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126633845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Sumberg, J. Chamberlin, Justin Flynn, D. Glover, V. Johnson
This paper is motivated by the consistent portrayal, within current policy discourse, of agriculture and the broader rural economy in Africa as domains of opportunity for rural youth. It presents a new conceptualization of landscapes of rural youth opportunity, where these landscapes reflect an individual’s reading of the complex interplay between economic geography; local history, agrarian relations, institutions and politics; social and cultural norms; family influences; education and experience; aspirations and preferences; and access to resources. The argument is that it is essential to acknowledge the importance of opportunity structures, and avoid anything that suggests that individual characteristics, such as agency, aspirations, skills, entrepreneurial behaviour and “good choices” should be the primary considerations in relation to an “investing in youth” strategy. The paper also presents new empirical analysis of young people’s engagement with the rural economy using LSMS data from six African countries.
{"title":"IFAD RESEARCH SERIES 47 Landscapes of Rural Youth Opportunity","authors":"J. Sumberg, J. Chamberlin, Justin Flynn, D. Glover, V. Johnson","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3521380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3521380","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is motivated by the consistent portrayal, within current policy discourse, of agriculture and the broader rural economy in Africa as domains of opportunity for rural youth. It presents a new conceptualization of landscapes of rural youth opportunity, where these landscapes reflect an individual’s reading of the complex interplay between economic geography; local history, agrarian relations, institutions and politics; social and cultural norms; family influences; education and experience; aspirations and preferences; and access to resources. The argument is that it is essential to acknowledge the importance of opportunity structures, and avoid anything that suggests that individual characteristics, such as agency, aspirations, skills, entrepreneurial behaviour and “good choices” should be the primary considerations in relation to an “investing in youth” strategy. The paper also presents new empirical analysis of young people’s engagement with the rural economy using LSMS data from six African countries.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121302764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Global Value Chains (GVC) are a channel for upgrading firm capabilities. Over the last four decades, China has rapidly grown as a result of participation in GVCs. It has become central to global production networks in many industries, accelerating the process of global diffusion of manufacturing. However, the process by which China entered into GVCs and was changed by them can be further studied. In a study of Taiwanese MNE subsidiaries in the city of Dongguan, we find that foreign direct investment, when combined with trust building collective action facilitates a region’s move to the center of global value chains. We introduce the utility of a collaborative public space (CPS) as a mechanism for this trust building and provide implications for upgrading in emerging economies.
{"title":"Collaborative Public Spaces and Upgrading through Global Value Chains: The Case of Dongguan, China","authors":"Michael Murphree, Dan Breznitz","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3520144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3520144","url":null,"abstract":"Global Value Chains (GVC) are a channel for upgrading firm capabilities. Over the last four decades, China has rapidly grown as a result of participation in GVCs. It has become central to global production networks in many industries, accelerating the process of global diffusion of manufacturing. However, the process by which China entered into GVCs and was changed by them can be further studied. In a study of Taiwanese MNE subsidiaries in the city of Dongguan, we find that foreign direct investment, when combined with trust building collective action facilitates a region’s move to the center of global value chains. We introduce the utility of a collaborative public space (CPS) as a mechanism for this trust building and provide implications for upgrading in emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Rafay, Saqib Farid, Farah Yasser, Shahid Safdar
I n this study we designed to test the remarkable repayment performance of Akhuwat in Pakistan; the most successful Islamic Microfinance Institution (IMFI), which offers interest-free loans in order to improve the quality of life and alleviate poverty. The model of Akhuwat is based on Muakhaat (brotherhood) and Qard-e-Hasan (offering financial assistance to somebody in need without interest). The primary objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of microfinance repayment performance. The study examined the borrowers’ characteristics, loan attributes, lender/institutional characteristics and the social collateral characteristics related to the Akhuwat and the data of 387 borrowers is obtained from microfinance programs carried out on a continuous basis by Akhuwat. The findings depicted that among the socio-demographic factors like gender, marital status, number of dependents and numbers of previous loans are significantly and positively associated with loan repayment performance. However, previous loan default and religion are significantly and inversely associated with the loan repayment performance. The findings of the study supported the role of social ties in improving repayment performance and hold key insights and directions about microfinance policymaking in Pakistan.
{"title":"Social Collateral and Repayment Performance: Evidence from Islamic Micro Finance","authors":"A. Rafay, Saqib Farid, Farah Yasser, Shahid Safdar","doi":"10.22059/IER.2020.74474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IER.2020.74474","url":null,"abstract":"I \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000n this study we designed to test the remarkable repayment performance of Akhuwat in Pakistan; the most successful Islamic Microfinance Institution (IMFI), which offers interest-free loans in order to improve the quality of life and alleviate poverty. The model of Akhuwat is based on Muakhaat (brotherhood) and Qard-e-Hasan (offering financial assistance to somebody in need without interest). The primary objective of this study was to investigate the determinants of microfinance repayment performance. The study examined the borrowers’ characteristics, loan attributes, lender/institutional characteristics and the social collateral characteristics related to the Akhuwat and the data of 387 borrowers is obtained from microfinance programs carried out on a continuous basis by Akhuwat. The findings depicted that among the socio-demographic factors like gender, marital status, number of dependents and numbers of previous loans are significantly and positively associated with loan repayment performance. However, previous loan default and religion are significantly and inversely associated with the loan repayment performance. The findings of the study supported the role of social ties in improving repayment performance and hold key insights and directions about microfinance policymaking in Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132055118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Arifai, A. Parawansa, Herman H., Muhammad Jihad Firman, M. Aras
This study aims to determine the effect of motivation and leadership behavior on the performance of employees at the Department of Industry and Trade of Makassar City. In hopes of contributing to the improvement of agency performance, through the application of leadership motivation and behavior at the Office of Industry and Trade of Makassar City. The population in this study were all employees of the Department of Industry and Trade of Makassar city as many as 100 people. The number of samples used was 68 civil servants using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection is done using observation and questionnaire methods. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. The results showed that partially the motivation variable had a positive but not significant effect and leadership behavior had a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously motivation and leadership behavior have a significant effect on the performance of employees in the Department of Industry and Trade of Makassar City. The determination coefficient is 0.553 which indicates that the ability of the independent variable to predict the dependent variable is 55.3%. 44.7% are influenced by other factors not examined.
{"title":"The Effect of Motivation and Leadership Behavior on the Performance of Employees of the Industry and Trade Service in Makassar City","authors":"Muhammad Arifai, A. Parawansa, Herman H., Muhammad Jihad Firman, M. Aras","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3515051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3515051","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the effect of motivation and leadership behavior on the performance of employees at the Department of Industry and Trade of Makassar City. In hopes of contributing to the improvement of agency performance, through the application of leadership motivation and behavior at the Office of Industry and Trade of Makassar City. The population in this study were all employees of the Department of Industry and Trade of Makassar city as many as 100 people. The number of samples used was 68 civil servants using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection is done using observation and questionnaire methods. The data analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis using the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program. The results showed that partially the motivation variable had a positive but not significant effect and leadership behavior had a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously motivation and leadership behavior have a significant effect on the performance of employees in the Department of Industry and Trade of Makassar City. The determination coefficient is 0.553 which indicates that the ability of the independent variable to predict the dependent variable is 55.3%. 44.7% are influenced by other factors not examined.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133348799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The ratio of revenue to inputs differs greatly across plants within countries such as the U.S. and India. Such gaps may reflect misallocation which hinders aggregate productivity. But differences in measured average products need not reflect differences in true marginal products. We propose a way to estimate the gaps in true marginal products in the presence of measurement error. Our method exploits how revenue growth is less sensitive to input growth when a plant’s average products are overstated by measurement error. For Indian manufacturing from 1985–2013, our correction lowers potential gains from reallocation by 20%. For the U.S. the effect is even more dramatic, reducing potential gains by 60% and eliminating 2/3 of a severe downward trend in allocative efficiency over 1978–2013.
{"title":"Misallocation or Mismeasurement?","authors":"M. Bils, Peter J. Klenow, Cian Ruane","doi":"10.3386/W26711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3386/W26711","url":null,"abstract":"The ratio of revenue to inputs differs greatly across plants within countries such as the U.S. and India. Such gaps may reflect misallocation which hinders aggregate productivity. But differences in measured average products need not reflect differences in true marginal products. We propose a way to estimate the gaps in true marginal products in the presence of measurement error. Our method exploits how revenue growth is less sensitive to input growth when a plant’s average products are overstated by measurement error. For Indian manufacturing from 1985–2013, our correction lowers potential gains from reallocation by 20%. For the U.S. the effect is even more dramatic, reducing potential gains by 60% and eliminating 2/3 of a severe downward trend in allocative efficiency over 1978–2013.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124602538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-01DOI: 10.35188/unu-wider/2019/726-2
R. Kanbur, Santiago López-Cariboni, L. Ronconi
Contrary to the predictions of the insider–outsider model, we show that the large majority of outsiders in developing countries support, rather than oppose, protective labour regulations. This evidence holds across countries in different regions, across different types of protective labour regulations (i.e. severance payment, minimum wages, working time), and for different categories of outsiders (i.e. unemployed workers and employees without access to legally mandated labour benefits). We revise the economic and political assumptions of the insider–outsider model, discussing their empirical relevance in a developing country context.
{"title":"Who Demands Labour (De)Regulation in the Developing World? Insider–Outsider Theory Revisited","authors":"R. Kanbur, Santiago López-Cariboni, L. Ronconi","doi":"10.35188/unu-wider/2019/726-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2019/726-2","url":null,"abstract":"Contrary to the predictions of the insider–outsider model, we show that the large majority of outsiders in developing countries support, rather than oppose, protective labour regulations. This evidence holds across countries in different regions, across different types of protective labour regulations (i.e. severance payment, minimum wages, working time), and for different categories of outsiders (i.e. unemployed workers and employees without access to legally mandated labour benefits). We revise the economic and political assumptions of the insider–outsider model, discussing their empirical relevance in a developing country context.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125451570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research paper focused on Transformational Leadership and Supporters’ Citizenship Behaviors mediated via Paternalism. Individual-level institutional collectivism coordination is hypothesized to moderate the connection between transformational management and OCB. The survey of 100 respondents from the corporate sectors of Pakistan was performed via means of a close-ended questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structured Equation Modeling. The Result showed transformational Leadership boost paternalism which in turn boost OCB. Moreover, the connection between Transformational Leadership and OCB is stronger in the existence of Collectivism. Hence, the presence of collectivism in the connection between Transformational Leadership and OCB is stronger. Paternalism intermediates the secondary influence of transformational management on follower citizenship behavior.
{"title":"Transformational Leadership and OCB: Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Zainab Ali, D. Siddiqui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3510650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3510650","url":null,"abstract":"This research paper focused on Transformational Leadership and Supporters’ Citizenship Behaviors mediated via Paternalism. Individual-level institutional collectivism coordination is hypothesized to moderate the connection between transformational management and OCB. The survey of 100 respondents from the corporate sectors of Pakistan was performed via means of a close-ended questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structured Equation Modeling. The Result showed transformational Leadership boost paternalism which in turn boost OCB. Moreover, the connection between Transformational Leadership and OCB is stronger in the existence of Collectivism. Hence, the presence of collectivism in the connection between Transformational Leadership and OCB is stronger. Paternalism intermediates the secondary influence of transformational management on follower citizenship behavior.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127043057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The paper aims at identifying the role of social networking information on pre-employment background check practices with the help of existing literature. As the HR professionals are central in hiring process, they need to be aware of the practices and policies regarding this issue. Using social media information in background checking process is a fairly new practice and there is not enough evidence on what to do and how to do. This paper is expected to fill that gap to some extent. At the end of the paper, some policy recommendations have been provided for HR professionals involved with pre-employment background checking process which will help the recruiters or HR professionals to avoid any unexpected consequences.
{"title":"Conducting Pre-Employment Background Checks Through Social Networking Sites: The New Role of HR Professionals","authors":"Sajjad Hosain, Ping Liu","doi":"10.5937/bizinfo1902111s","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5937/bizinfo1902111s","url":null,"abstract":"The paper aims at identifying the role of social networking information on pre-employment background check practices with the help of existing literature. As the HR professionals are central in hiring process, they need to be aware of the practices and policies regarding this issue. Using social media information in background checking process is a fairly new practice and there is not enough evidence on what to do and how to do. This paper is expected to fill that gap to some extent. At the end of the paper, some policy recommendations have been provided for HR professionals involved with pre-employment background checking process which will help the recruiters or HR professionals to avoid any unexpected consequences.","PeriodicalId":274523,"journal":{"name":"Development Economics: Microeconomic Issues in Developing Economies eJournal","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124233186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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