Chemosphere最新文献_第7页

Ten years of PFOS and PFOA human biomonitoring in Italy: Exposure levels and determinants of exposure 意大利全氟辛烷磺酸和全氟辛酸人体生物监测十年：暴露水平和暴露的决定因素

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144297

Anna Maria Ingelido, Annalisa Abballe, Elena Dellatte, Fabiola Ferri, Nicola Iacovella, Valentina Marra, Silvia Valentini, Elena De Felip

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are industrial chemicals widely diffused in the environment and associated with toxic effects on humans. They became a global issue because of their environmental mobility and persistence. Control measures have been adopted to reduce their environmental presence and human exposure.

Human biomonitoring studies have been conducted worldwide to estimate human exposure to these chemicals and to identify determinants of exposure, in order to provide indications to refine regulatory policy.

In this paper, we studied concentrations of two legacy PFAS, Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), in human serum. Serum samples were collected in Italy between 2007 and 2017 together with information on characteristics and lifestyle of the study participants. We applied univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to the resulting database to identify major determinants of PFAS exposure over time and in different exposure scenarios. PFOA concentrations ranged over four orders of magnitude, with a median value of 2.4 ng/mL and PFOS concentrations ranged over three orders of magnitude with a median value of 4.6 ng/mL. We identified exposure scenario and sex as the major factors in determining PFAS concentrations. In subjects at background PFAS exposure, we identified as other relevant determinants age, geographical area, degree of urbanization, level of education and skill level in occupation. A declining time-trend was observed for PFOA but not for PFOS.

This study provided information about determinants of PFOA and PFOS human exposure in Italy. Results can support defining measures to limit future human exposure to these persistent contaminants.

{"title":"Ten years of PFOS and PFOA human biomonitoring in Italy: Exposure levels and determinants of exposure","authors":"Anna Maria Ingelido, Annalisa Abballe, Elena Dellatte, Fabiola Ferri, Nicola Iacovella, Valentina Marra, Silvia Valentini, Elena De Felip","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are industrial chemicals widely diffused in the environment and associated with toxic effects on humans. They became a global issue because of their environmental mobility and persistence. Control measures have been adopted to reduce their environmental presence and human exposure.</div><div>Human biomonitoring studies have been conducted worldwide to estimate human exposure to these chemicals and to identify determinants of exposure, in order to provide indications to refine regulatory policy.</div><div>In this paper, we studied concentrations of two legacy PFAS, Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), in human serum. Serum samples were collected in Italy between 2007 and 2017 together with information on characteristics and lifestyle of the study participants. We applied univariate and multivariate statistical analyses to the resulting database to identify major determinants of PFAS exposure over time and in different exposure scenarios. PFOA concentrations ranged over four orders of magnitude, with a median value of 2.4 ng/mL and PFOS concentrations ranged over three orders of magnitude with a median value of 4.6 ng/mL. We identified exposure scenario and sex as the major factors in determining PFAS concentrations. In subjects at background PFAS exposure, we identified as other relevant determinants age, geographical area, degree of urbanization, level of education and skill level in occupation. A declining time-trend was observed for PFOA but not for PFOS.</div><div>This study provided information about determinants of PFOA and PFOS human exposure in Italy. Results can support defining measures to limit future human exposure to these persistent contaminants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144297"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metallothionein as a biomarker of aquatic contamination in fish: An in silico and in vitro approach using zebrafish as experimental model organism

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144316

Jessica Zablocki da Luz , Vladimir Gorshkov , Renata Rank Miranda , Tugstênio Lima de Souza , Lucas Rodrigues Ribeiro , Xiaoyu Duan , Yuyue Huang , Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro , Elvis Genbo Xu , Frank Kjeldsen , Francisco Filipak Neto

Human activities contaminate aquatic ecosystems with chemicals like metals and pesticides. Fish, sensitive to pollution, are key toxicological models. Metallothionein (Mt) expression, a biomarker for metal contamination, varies depending on the chemical exposure. This study investigated differences in metal affinity for Zn²⁺ binding sites of proteins and Mt induction by the insecticides dichlorvos (DDPV) and deltamethrin (DTM) in Danio rerio. First, D. rerio Zn-binding protein structures with different cell functions were used to evaluate the difference between the binding scores of five metals with the binding site with highest affinity for Zn²⁺ through molecular docking and from there to infer the most potent inducers. Cadmium ion was found to have the highest binding score mean for the selected proteins (Cd²⁺>Cu²⁺>Pb²⁺>Mn²⁺>Cu⁺>Hg²⁺), and, thus, cadmium chloride (CdCl₂) was used as a positive control for Mt induction in D. rerio larvae. D. rerio embryos were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (100 μg L⁻¹), DDPV (1 mg L⁻¹), and DTM (0.01 μg L⁻¹) up to 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Larvae exposed to Cd and DDPV showed increased Mt levels, whereas DTM exposure had no effect. Proteomic analyses suggest that Mt induction in D. rerio larvae exposed to Cd follows a distinct mechanism from DDPV exposure. Enrichment analysis supports a possible link between DDPV exposure and oxidative stress-induced Mt expression. In contrast, Cd-induced Mt expression likely involves metal transcription factor activation by Zn²⁺. These differences in responsiveness highlight the need for careful consideration when using Mt as a biomarker of metal contamination.

{"title":"Metallothionein as a biomarker of aquatic contamination in fish: An in silico and in vitro approach using zebrafish as experimental model organism","authors":"Jessica Zablocki da Luz , Vladimir Gorshkov , Renata Rank Miranda , Tugstênio Lima de Souza , Lucas Rodrigues Ribeiro , Xiaoyu Duan , Yuyue Huang , Ciro Alberto de Oliveira Ribeiro , Elvis Genbo Xu , Frank Kjeldsen , Francisco Filipak Neto","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144316","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144316","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Human activities contaminate aquatic ecosystems with chemicals like metals and pesticides. Fish, sensitive to pollution, are key toxicological models. Metallothionein (Mt) expression, a biomarker for metal contamination, varies depending on the chemical exposure. This study investigated differences in metal affinity for Zn<sup>2+</sup> binding sites of proteins and Mt induction by the insecticides dichlorvos (DDPV) and deltamethrin (DTM) in <em>Danio rerio</em>. First, <em>D. rerio</em> Zn-binding protein structures with different cell functions were used to evaluate the difference between the binding scores of five metals with the binding site with highest affinity for Zn<sup>2+</sup> through molecular docking and from there to infer the most potent inducers. Cadmium ion was found to have the highest binding score mean for the selected proteins (Cd<sup>2+</sup>>Cu<sup>2+</sup>>Pb<sup>2+</sup>>Mn<sup>2+</sup>>Cu<sup>+</sup>>Hg<sup>2+</sup>), and, thus, cadmium chloride (CdCl<sub>2</sub>) was used as a positive control for Mt induction in <em>D. rerio</em> larvae. <em>D. rerio</em> embryos were exposed to sublethal concentrations of Cd (100 μg L<sup>−1</sup>), DDPV (1 mg L<sup>−1</sup>), and DTM (0.01 μg L<sup>−1</sup>) up to 96 h post-fertilization (hpf). Larvae exposed to Cd and DDPV showed increased Mt levels, whereas DTM exposure had no effect. Proteomic analyses suggest that Mt induction in <em>D. rerio</em> larvae exposed to Cd follows a distinct mechanism from DDPV exposure. Enrichment analysis supports a possible link between DDPV exposure and oxidative stress-induced Mt expression. In contrast, Cd-induced Mt expression likely involves metal transcription factor activation by Zn<sup>2+</sup>. These differences in responsiveness highlight the need for careful consideration when using Mt as a biomarker of metal contamination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144316"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the hidden threat: Molecular, cellular and behavioral effects of dietborne inorganic mercury and methylmercury in Dreissena polymorpha

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144306

Clarisse Seguin , Alice Marant , Séverine Palacios-Paris , Isabelle Bonnard , Jean-Luc Loizeau , Elise David , Damien Rioult , Claudia Cosio

Methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in food webs has been recognized as a significant health risk for over 50 years, yet most studies focus on high concentrations of waterborne inorganic mercury (IHg). This study investigates the effects of dietborne mercury (Hg) exposure at environmentally realistic IHg and MeHg levels on a freshwater food chain.

Freshwater mussels, Dreissena polymorpha, were fed with microalgae previously contaminated with 2 and 20 fg IHg or MeHg per cell for 4 d. Filtration behavior, Hg bioaccumulation, histopathology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression related to defense and energy metabolism were measured across gills, digestive glands, and other soft tissues (rests) for 1, 2, and 4 d. While all microalgae were filtered at the end of feeding, only MeHg exposure led to a reduced filtration at the beginning of feeding. Bioaccumulation factors were higher for MeHg than IHg, particularly in gills. Dietborne MeHg also caused more fibrosis and structural changes in gills than IHg, in line with bioaccumulation. Necrosis, tubular atrophy, and hemocyte infiltration were observed in the digestive gland. Both IHg and MeHg triggered oxidative stress, as evidenced by significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation levels. MeHg exposure significantly upregulated the sod gene in rests and modulated cs and aox genes involved in energy metabolism in gills and digestive gland, depending on exposure duration. The findings aligned with established Hg toxicity targets but demonstrated notable differences in response depending on Hg forms and tissue type, emphasizing the importance of Hg speciation and tissue type in assessing toxicity.

{"title":"Unveiling the hidden threat: Molecular, cellular and behavioral effects of dietborne inorganic mercury and methylmercury in Dreissena polymorpha","authors":"Clarisse Seguin , Alice Marant , Séverine Palacios-Paris , Isabelle Bonnard , Jean-Luc Loizeau , Elise David , Damien Rioult , Claudia Cosio","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144306","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144306","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Methylmercury (MeHg) bioaccumulation in food webs has been recognized as a significant health risk for over 50 years, yet most studies focus on high concentrations of waterborne inorganic mercury (IHg). This study investigates the effects of dietborne mercury (Hg) exposure at environmentally realistic IHg and MeHg levels on a freshwater food chain.</div><div>Freshwater mussels, <em>Dreissena polymorpha</em>, were fed with microalgae previously contaminated with 2 and 20 fg IHg or MeHg per cell for 4 d. Filtration behavior, Hg bioaccumulation, histopathology, antioxidant enzyme activity, and gene expression related to defense and energy metabolism were measured across gills, digestive glands, and other soft tissues (rests) for 1, 2, and 4 d. While all microalgae were filtered at the end of feeding, only MeHg exposure led to a reduced filtration at the beginning of feeding. Bioaccumulation factors were higher for MeHg than IHg, particularly in gills. Dietborne MeHg also caused more fibrosis and structural changes in gills than IHg, in line with bioaccumulation. Necrosis, tubular atrophy, and hemocyte infiltration were observed in the digestive gland. Both IHg and MeHg triggered oxidative stress, as evidenced by significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activities and increased lipid peroxidation levels. MeHg exposure significantly upregulated the <em>sod</em> gene in rests and modulated <em>cs</em> and <em>aox</em> genes involved in energy metabolism in gills and digestive gland, depending on exposure duration. The findings aligned with established Hg toxicity targets but demonstrated notable differences in response depending on Hg forms and tissue type, emphasizing the importance of Hg speciation and tissue type in assessing toxicity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144306"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143621071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated groundwater with the use of surfactants and biosurfactants 利用表面活性剂和生物表面活性剂修复受污染地下水中的石油碳氢化合物

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144290

Claudia Sanchez-Huerta , Shuo Zhang , Manar Alahmari , Abdulmohsen A. Humam , Pei-Ying Hong

Remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater is challenging due to the large volume of contaminated water, restricted aquifer access, and the recalcitrance of hydrocarbons. This study evaluates chemically-based surfactants (A and B, comprised of alcohols, esters and distillates from petroleum) and biosurfactants (C and BS, containing enzymes and microbial-derived surfactants) to enhance petroleum-hydrocarbon remediation. Surfactants/biosurfactants were evaluated under environmental conditions mimicking Arabic Region groundwater. The influence of factors like surfactant to crude oil ratios (S:O), temperature, and dissolved oxygen on the remediation performance was analyzed. Among studied surfactants, C and BS demonstrated the best performance. Multi-spike of C achieved the highest reduction of crude oil layer thickness (41.9%) and total petroleum-hydrocarbons (TPH) removal (20.6%). However, since dispersion mechanisms drove removal, it led to increased turbidity (3.5 NTU) and toxicity (61.6% biofluorescence-inhibition) in the water phase. In contrast, BS with a similar performance in terms of crude oil layer reduction (38.5%) and TPH removal (17.8%) resulted in lower levels of turbidity (1.8 NTU) and toxicity (26.8% biofluorescence-inhibition). This is attributed to the removal via both dispersion and biodegradation. BS-biodegradation was associated to a high relative abundance of Pseudomonas spp. with abilities to degrade low molecular and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., BTEX and PAHs). Results demonstrated BS is the most sustainable product to enhance hydrocarbons removal. Significant influence in the remediation process was observed at optimal S:O ratio (C-1:5 BS-1:10) and high temperature of 35 °C. Our findings elucidated the mechanisms involved in groundwater remediation via surfactants/biosurfactants, and provide optimal parameters for its application in-situ.

{"title":"Remediation of petroleum hydrocarbons in contaminated groundwater with the use of surfactants and biosurfactants","authors":"Claudia Sanchez-Huerta , Shuo Zhang , Manar Alahmari , Abdulmohsen A. Humam , Pei-Ying Hong","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144290","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144290","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Remediation of hydrocarbon-contaminated groundwater is challenging due to the large volume of contaminated water, restricted aquifer access, and the recalcitrance of hydrocarbons. This study evaluates chemically-based surfactants (A and B, comprised of alcohols, esters and distillates from petroleum) and biosurfactants (C and BS, containing enzymes and microbial-derived surfactants) to enhance petroleum-hydrocarbon remediation. Surfactants/biosurfactants were evaluated under environmental conditions mimicking Arabic Region groundwater. The influence of factors like surfactant to crude oil ratios (S:O), temperature, and dissolved oxygen on the remediation performance was analyzed. Among studied surfactants, C and BS demonstrated the best performance. Multi-spike of C achieved the highest reduction of crude oil layer thickness (41.9%) and total petroleum-hydrocarbons (TPH) removal (20.6%). However, since dispersion mechanisms drove removal, it led to increased turbidity (3.5 NTU) and toxicity (61.6% biofluorescence-inhibition) in the water phase. In contrast, BS with a similar performance in terms of crude oil layer reduction (38.5%) and TPH removal (17.8%) resulted in lower levels of turbidity (1.8 NTU) and toxicity (26.8% biofluorescence-inhibition). This is attributed to the removal via both dispersion and biodegradation. BS-biodegradation was associated to a high relative abundance of <em>Pseudomonas</em> spp. with abilities to degrade low molecular and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (i.e., BTEX and PAHs). Results demonstrated BS is the most sustainable product to enhance hydrocarbons removal. Significant influence in the remediation process was observed at optimal S:O ratio (C-1:5 BS-1:10) and high temperature of 35 °C. Our findings elucidated the mechanisms involved in groundwater remediation via surfactants/biosurfactants, and provide optimal parameters for its application in-situ.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144290"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143620487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying removal and mineralization of nitrotriazolone in contrasting freshwater sediment systems using 13C and 15N stable isotope tracers

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144289

Thivanka Ariyarathna , Stephen Fallis , Matthew C. Davis , Craig Tobias

The environmental fate of insensitive high explosive compound nitrotriazolone (NTO) has not been adequately studied in surface freshwater environments. The goal of this study was to evaluate and quantify removal and complete mineralization of NTO in distinct freshwater sediment systems. We conducted aquaria-scale experiments using four freshwater sediment types: low organic carbon (OC) river sand, low OC silt, high OC wetland sediment, high OC pond silt with and without submerged aquatic plants to investigate natural attenuation of NTO. Isotopically labeled NTO (¹³C and ¹⁵N) was added to the aquaria and time series aqueous and sediment samples were collected over three to four weeks. Aqueous NTO half-lives ranged from 6 to 63 days in the presence of sediments while no NTO loss from the aqueous phase was measured in the absence of sediment. Nitrotriazolone completely disappeared within one month in pond silt and wetland sediment aquaria that had higher sediment organic contents, facilitating NTO biotransformation in freshwater ecosystems. Approximately 7%–50% of the NTO loss was demonstrated to be complete mineralization, and NTO mineralization half-lives ranged from 17 to 533 days, with the shortest mineralization half-lives measured in the highest organic content wetland. There was good fidelity between the appearance of ¹³C tracer and ¹⁵N tracer in mineralization products, providing high confidence that both tracers were quantifying complete mineralization. For NTO, increased sediment organic content corresponded to both faster rates of loss of NTO from overlying water and a higher fraction of that loss representing mineralization.

{"title":"Quantifying removal and mineralization of nitrotriazolone in contrasting freshwater sediment systems using 13C and 15N stable isotope tracers","authors":"Thivanka Ariyarathna , Stephen Fallis , Matthew C. Davis , Craig Tobias","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144289","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144289","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The environmental fate of insensitive high explosive compound nitrotriazolone (NTO) has not been adequately studied in surface freshwater environments. The goal of this study was to evaluate and quantify removal and complete mineralization of NTO in distinct freshwater sediment systems. We conducted aquaria-scale experiments using four freshwater sediment types: low organic carbon (OC) river sand, low OC silt, high OC wetland sediment, high OC pond silt with and without submerged aquatic plants to investigate natural attenuation of NTO. Isotopically labeled NTO (<sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N) was added to the aquaria and time series aqueous and sediment samples were collected over three to four weeks. Aqueous NTO half-lives ranged from 6 to 63 days in the presence of sediments while no NTO loss from the aqueous phase was measured in the absence of sediment. Nitrotriazolone completely disappeared within one month in pond silt and wetland sediment aquaria that had higher sediment organic contents, facilitating NTO biotransformation in freshwater ecosystems. Approximately 7%–50% of the NTO loss was demonstrated to be complete mineralization, and NTO mineralization half-lives ranged from 17 to 533 days, with the shortest mineralization half-lives measured in the highest organic content wetland. There was good fidelity between the appearance of <sup>13</sup>C tracer and <sup>15</sup>N tracer in mineralization products, providing high confidence that both tracers were quantifying complete mineralization. For NTO, increased sediment organic content corresponded to both faster rates of loss of NTO from overlying water and a higher fraction of that loss representing mineralization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144289"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

In vivo verification of fish keratocyte explant culture for use as innate immunotoxicity screening assay: 2,4-Dicholorphenoxyacetic acid effects in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) keratocyte cell sheet migration

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144276

Serena Elise George , Kimberly Keil Stietz , Gavin Dehnert

2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the active ingredient in selective herbicides commonly used worldwide to control non-native aquatic plants. Limited research on the impacts of 2,4-D exposure on teleost innate immunity, such as barrier defense provided by epidermis, has been conducted. Fish keratocyte explant culture serves as a rapid, low-cost, cutaneous wound healing in vitro model of cell differentiation and migration. To test the hypothesis that this assay can serve as an innate immunotoxicity screening tool, scales containing keratocyte sheets were non-lethally extracted from adult male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), incubated in culture medium with increasing concentrations of 2,4-D (0–2,560 ppm), and cell sheet migration was measured. At 24h post scale pull, keratocyte cell sheet farthest migration distance significantly increased upon exposure to 0.04 ppm and significantly decreased upon exposure to ≥160 ppm 2,4-D as compared to controls. A punch biopsy on adult male fathead minnows was performed at the start of a 24h exposure to environmental application concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.04, 0.4, 4 ppm), followed by a dye penetration assay to observe keratocyte cell sheet migration in vivo. At 6h post biopsy, keratocytes migrated significantly farther across the wound bed in fish exposed to 0.04 and 0.4 ppm 2,4-D as compared to controls. Results suggest that keratocyte explant culture can model environmentally relevant in vivo scenarios and that 0.04–4 ppm 2,4-D does not negatively impact keratocyte migration rate. Future studies using other environmental toxicants or fish species may continue to explore the value of this assay as a practical screening tool for toxicological effects on cutaneous wound healing.

{"title":"In vivo verification of fish keratocyte explant culture for use as innate immunotoxicity screening assay: 2,4-Dicholorphenoxyacetic acid effects in fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) keratocyte cell sheet migration","authors":"Serena Elise George , Kimberly Keil Stietz , Gavin Dehnert","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144276","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144276","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>2,4-Dichlorphenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is the active ingredient in selective herbicides commonly used worldwide to control non-native aquatic plants. Limited research on the impacts of 2,4-D exposure on teleost innate immunity, such as barrier defense provided by epidermis, has been conducted. Fish keratocyte explant culture serves as a rapid, low-cost, cutaneous wound healing <em>in vitro</em> model of cell differentiation and migration. To test the hypothesis that this assay can serve as an innate immunotoxicity screening tool, scales containing keratocyte sheets were non-lethally extracted from adult male fathead minnows (<em>Pimephales promelas</em>), incubated in culture medium with increasing concentrations of 2,4-D (0–2,560 ppm), and cell sheet migration was measured. At 24h post scale pull, keratocyte cell sheet farthest migration distance significantly increased upon exposure to 0.04 ppm and significantly decreased upon exposure to ≥160 ppm 2,4-D as compared to controls. A punch biopsy on adult male fathead minnows was performed at the start of a 24h exposure to environmental application concentrations of 2,4-D (0, 0.04, 0.4, 4 ppm), followed by a dye penetration assay to observe keratocyte cell sheet migration <em>in vivo</em>. At 6h post biopsy, keratocytes migrated significantly farther across the wound bed in fish exposed to 0.04 and 0.4 ppm 2,4-D as compared to controls. Results suggest that keratocyte explant culture can model environmentally relevant <em>in vivo</em> scenarios and that 0.04–4 ppm 2,4-D does not negatively impact keratocyte migration rate. Future studies using other environmental toxicants or fish species may continue to explore the value of this assay as a practical screening tool for toxicological effects on cutaneous wound healing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144276"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143610104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microplastics accumulation in leaf litter: Field evidence for microplastic ingestion and transfer through prey-predatory relationships

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144295

Asmaa N. Mustafa, Azza M. Khedre, Safa M. El-masry

Microplastics (MP) contamination of the terrestrial environment is a global concern. The contamination level of MPs in leaf litter and soil fauna that feed on it has not been reported. Moreover, the interspecific relationships among field soil fauna at different trophic levels and their effects on MP loads remain unclear. Thus, we selected a model food chain including a prey-isopod and predatory-spider relationship to evaluate the role of this relationship in the MPs body burden. The results showed that MP concentrations in the fallen leaf litter ranged from 5340 ± 336.15 particles/kg to 10920 ± 432.43 particles/kg dry weight during different seasons of the monitoring year. However, we found MP particles ranged from 1.17 ± 0.25 to 10.11 ± 1.02 particles/ind in isopods and 2.25 ± 0.35 to 4.25 ± 0.35 particles/ind in spiders. All extracted MPs were colored and blue was the most prevalent one. Fiber-shaped polyester (≤500 μm) and (501–1000 μm) were the most common MPs size in tested fauna and leaf litter, respectively. Our findings indicate that MP ingestion by isopods pose a significant risk for higher trophic levels in the terrestrial food chain. Magnification of MPs was observed in the predatory spider with MP concentration increasing from 46.45 ± 16.68 particles/gm wet weight in isopod to 147.51 ± 54.4 particles/gm wet weight in spider, annually. Furthermore, the results indicate that these soil invertebrates may represent a source of MPs to other organisms in the environment.

{"title":"Microplastics accumulation in leaf litter: Field evidence for microplastic ingestion and transfer through prey-predatory relationships","authors":"Asmaa N. Mustafa, Azza M. Khedre, Safa M. El-masry","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144295","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144295","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MP) contamination of the terrestrial environment is a global concern. The contamination level of MPs in leaf litter and soil fauna that feed on it has not been reported. Moreover, the interspecific relationships among field soil fauna at different trophic levels and their effects on MP loads remain unclear. Thus, we selected a model food chain including a prey-isopod and predatory-spider relationship to evaluate the role of this relationship in the MPs body burden. The results showed that MP concentrations in the fallen leaf litter ranged from 5340 ± 336.15 particles/kg to 10920 ± 432.43 particles/kg dry weight during different seasons of the monitoring year. However, we found MP particles ranged from 1.17 ± 0.25 to 10.11 ± 1.02 particles/ind in isopods and 2.25 ± 0.35 to 4.25 ± 0.35 particles/ind in spiders. All extracted MPs were colored and blue was the most prevalent one. Fiber-shaped polyester (≤500 μm) and (501–1000 μm) were the most common MPs size in tested fauna and leaf litter, respectively. Our findings indicate that MP ingestion by isopods pose a significant risk for higher trophic levels in the terrestrial food chain. Magnification of MPs was observed in the predatory spider with MP concentration increasing from 46.45 ± 16.68 particles/gm wet weight in isopod to 147.51 ± 54.4 particles/gm wet weight in spider, annually. Furthermore, the results indicate that these soil invertebrates may represent a source of MPs to other organisms in the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144295"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Medicinal plant ashwagandha in hydroponics: Pioneering greywater remediation using response surface methodology along with plants’ physiological and phytochemical attributes for sustainable resource recovery

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144260

Sakshi Agrahari, Neetu Singh, Bhawana Bharti, Sushil Kumar

This study aimed to investigate greywater treatment through hydroponically growing ashwagandha, often referred to as "Indian Ginseng," which is rich in secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds that enhance its medicinal properties. The research examines the effect of input parameters, such as initial chemical oxygen demand (300–1500 mg/L), phosphate (0–120 mg/L), and nitrate (15–75 mg/L) and their optimization utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The interactive effects are analysed with model fit through analysis of variance. The optimized parameters are investigated as 600 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 37 mg/L phosphate, and 35 mg/L nitrate, with maximum removal efficiencies of 97.74% COD, 93.62% total phosphorus, and 89.68% nitrate-nitrogen while preserving ashwagandha's medicinal qualities. The study assesses growth improvements through physiological traits, showing increase of 72.2% in wet biomass, 20% in plant height, 60% in leaf number, and total chlorophyll content of 45.45 μmol m⁻². It also examines phytochemical characteristics, including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (-OH peaks within 3500-3000 cm⁻¹) and total phenolic content of leaf and root extracts, measuring 7.14 mg gallic acid equivalents for leaves and 2.155 mg GAE for roots. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated radical scavenging activities of 73.26% for leaves and 83.74% for roots after treatment, highlighting ashwagandha's adaptability and resilience in greywater conditions. Lastly, scanning electron microscopy analysis to assess the impact of wastewater on the root structure. This research presents significant economic potential of the greywater treatment within 6 days by cultivating ashwagandha with the preservation of its medicinal properties.

{"title":"Medicinal plant ashwagandha in hydroponics: Pioneering greywater remediation using response surface methodology along with plants’ physiological and phytochemical attributes for sustainable resource recovery","authors":"Sakshi Agrahari, Neetu Singh, Bhawana Bharti, Sushil Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aimed to investigate greywater treatment through hydroponically growing ashwagandha, often referred to as \"Indian Ginseng,\" which is rich in secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds that enhance its medicinal properties. The research examines the effect of input parameters, such as initial chemical oxygen demand (300–1500 mg/L), phosphate (0–120 mg/L), and nitrate (15–75 mg/L) and their optimization utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD). The interactive effects are analysed with model fit through analysis of variance. The optimized parameters are investigated as 600 mg/L chemical oxygen demand (COD), 37 mg/L phosphate, and 35 mg/L nitrate, with maximum removal efficiencies of 97.74% COD, 93.62% total phosphorus, and 89.68% nitrate-nitrogen while preserving ashwagandha's medicinal qualities. The study assesses growth improvements through physiological traits, showing increase of 72.2% in wet biomass, 20% in plant height, 60% in leaf number, and total chlorophyll content of 45.45 μmol m<sup>−2</sup>. It also examines phytochemical characteristics, including fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (-OH peaks within 3500-3000 cm<sup>−1</sup>) and total phenolic content of leaf and root extracts, measuring 7.14 mg gallic acid equivalents for leaves and 2.155 mg GAE for roots. Additionally, the extracts demonstrated radical scavenging activities of 73.26% for leaves and 83.74% for roots after treatment, highlighting ashwagandha's adaptability and resilience in greywater conditions. Lastly, scanning electron microscopy analysis to assess the impact of wastewater on the root structure. This research presents significant economic potential of the greywater treatment within 6 days by cultivating ashwagandha with the preservation of its medicinal properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144260"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Magnetic field-assisted bioleaching of cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144303

Jun-Ho Hong , Jeon Kim , Ejin Han , Seon-Mo Yang , Hee-Soo Kim , Jihwan Kim , Chong Seung Yoon

A relatively weak static magnetic field with field strength is externally applied during the growth of using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans and subsequent bioleaching of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) to recover Li, Ni, Co, and Mn. 5 mT is the optimal field strength which allows 100 % Li to be recovered from a commercial black mass containing Li[Ni_0.6Co_0.2Mn_0.2]O₂ after 3 days of leaching. 85 % Ni, 95 % Co, and 100 % Mn are also recovered as dissolved in biogenic H₂SO₄ after 3 days. Without the external magnetic field, the leaching efficiency is limited to 20–40 % after the same leaching period. It is shown that the magnetic state of the substrate largely influences bioleaching efficiency since the magnetic enhancement is observed only from paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials through improved cell attachment and not from antiferromagnetic materials. The proposed magnetic field-assisted bioleaching of spent LIBs using A. ferrooxidans can help the recycling of raw materials back into the circular economy for LIBs.

{"title":"Magnetic field-assisted bioleaching of cathode materials from spent Li-ion batteries using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans","authors":"Jun-Ho Hong , Jeon Kim , Ejin Han , Seon-Mo Yang , Hee-Soo Kim , Jihwan Kim , Chong Seung Yoon","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A relatively weak static magnetic field with field strength is externally applied during the growth of using <em>Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans</em> and subsequent bioleaching of spent Li-ion batteries (LIBs) to recover Li, Ni, Co, and Mn. 5 mT is the optimal field strength which allows 100 % Li to be recovered from a commercial black mass containing Li[Ni<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> after 3 days of leaching. 85 % Ni, 95 % Co, and 100 % Mn are also recovered as dissolved in biogenic H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> after 3 days. Without the external magnetic field, the leaching efficiency is limited to 20–40 % after the same leaching period. It is shown that the magnetic state of the substrate largely influences bioleaching efficiency since the magnetic enhancement is observed only from paramagnetic and ferromagnetic materials through improved cell attachment and not from antiferromagnetic materials. The proposed magnetic field-assisted bioleaching of spent LIBs using <em>A. ferrooxidans</em> can help the recycling of raw materials back into the circular economy for LIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144303"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143600851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessing presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Indian River Lagoon: A Bayesian approach to understanding the impact of environmental stressors

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144287

Sunil Kumar , Sanneri E. Santiago Borrés , Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo , Katherine Y. Deliz Quiñones , Antarpreet Jutla

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants, and their presence in aquatic environments, especially coastal waters, poses significant ecological and human health risks. This study investigates the occurrence and behavior of four PFAS compounds in the Indian River Lagoon, a biodiverse estuarine ecosystem located in Florida USA, by evaluating how ecological and hydroclimatic factors influence PFAS occurrence. A Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) was employed to quantify the relationships between environmental stressors such as salinity, precipitation, river discharge, water temperature, and pH, and the presence of these PFAS compounds. The BLRM approach not only estimated the log odds of PFAS presence but also provided posterior estimates and odd ratios, making it a transparent and interpretable model compared to other machine learning techniques. The results indicate that salinity is a significant negative predictor for all PFAS compounds, showing a decrease in PFAS presence with increasing salinity. Precipitation exhibited a statistically significant positive association with PFBS, PFOA, and PFHxS, whereas river discharge negatively affected PFNA and PFOA. Model diagnostics confirmed BLRM's robustness, with posterior predictive checks showing strong alignment between observed PFAS presence and the model's predictions, validating its accuracy. The study highlights BLRM's advantages in environmental modeling, identifying key stressors and the direction of their effects on PFAS occurrence. It emphasizes the importance of ecological and hydroclimatic factors, such as salinity, precipitation, and river discharge, in understanding PFAS behavior in coastal ecosystems. These insights aid future risk assessments and management strategies to mitigate PFAS contamination in aquatic environments.

{"title":"Assessing presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the Indian River Lagoon: A Bayesian approach to understanding the impact of environmental stressors","authors":"Sunil Kumar , Sanneri E. Santiago Borrés , Jean-Claude J. Bonzongo , Katherine Y. Deliz Quiñones , Antarpreet Jutla","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent environmental pollutants, and their presence in aquatic environments, especially coastal waters, poses significant ecological and human health risks. This study investigates the occurrence and behavior of four PFAS compounds in the Indian River Lagoon, a biodiverse estuarine ecosystem located in Florida USA, by evaluating how ecological and hydroclimatic factors influence PFAS occurrence. A Bayesian Logistic Regression Model (BLRM) was employed to quantify the relationships between environmental stressors such as salinity, precipitation, river discharge, water temperature, and pH, and the presence of these PFAS compounds. The BLRM approach not only estimated the log odds of PFAS presence but also provided posterior estimates and odd ratios, making it a transparent and interpretable model compared to other machine learning techniques. The results indicate that salinity is a significant negative predictor for all PFAS compounds, showing a decrease in PFAS presence with increasing salinity. Precipitation exhibited a statistically significant positive association with PFBS, PFOA, and PFHxS, whereas river discharge negatively affected PFNA and PFOA. Model diagnostics confirmed BLRM's robustness, with posterior predictive checks showing strong alignment between observed PFAS presence and the model's predictions, validating its accuracy. The study highlights BLRM's advantages in environmental modeling, identifying key stressors and the direction of their effects on PFAS occurrence. It emphasizes the importance of ecological and hydroclimatic factors, such as salinity, precipitation, and river discharge, in understanding PFAS behavior in coastal ecosystems. These insights aid future risk assessments and management strategies to mitigate PFAS contamination in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"376 ","pages":"Article 144287"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143594215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0