Chemosphere最新文献_第7页

Non-target analysis of organic pollutants in oil-production wastewater treatment stations and surrounding soils: Their profiles, electro-transformation, and environmental risks 石油生产废水处理站及周边土壤中有机污染物的非目标分析：其概况、电转化和环境风险。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143779

Youliang Tian , Fengjiao Jiang , Nannan Liu , Lin Xu , Yaqi Cai

Although pollution during crude oil production has been paid attention, there is lack of studies on organic pollutants generated/emitted from oil-production wastewater (OPW) treatment processes, especially advanced oxidation process. Based on GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS, the present study performed non-target analysis of volatile/semi-volatile organic compounds in physical and electro-oxidation units of OPW treatment stations located in Shengli Oilfield of China. Overall, 64–227 organic compounds were respectively identified in different units, and electro-oxidation was found elevating (by 2.7–66 times) specie numbers (25–71) of CHO, CHNO and halogenated compounds as well as inducing generation of 38 alkanes and 6 alkyl-PAHs in wastewater, indicating the important roles of reactive oxygen and halogen species in pollutant transformation. In soils (n = 22) closed to OPW treatment stations, 580 compounds were identified with hydrocarbons (45%), esters (24.3%), and others (30.7%, including aldehydes, ketones, phenols, amines, nitriles and heteroatomic compounds), while esters had largest concentration contribution (up to 53.0%) to total compounds. The calculated hazard quotients (HQ) showed 55 compounds in OPW effluents and 314 compounds in soils having medium-high risks, considerable portions of which (23.6% for effluent and 12.7% for soil) were generated from electro-oxidation process, especially including esters and halogenated hydrocarbons, highlighting the contribution of OPW electro-oxidation treatment to ecological risk in oil-production areas.

尽管原油生产过程中的污染问题一直备受关注，但对采油废水（OPW）处理工艺，尤其是高级氧化工艺中产生/排放的有机污染物的研究却十分匮乏。本研究基于 GC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS，对中国胜利油田采油污水处理站物理和电氧化装置中的挥发性/半挥发性有机物进行了非目标分析。研究发现，电氧化可使废水中 CHO、CHNO 和卤代化合物的种类数（25-71）增加（2.7-66 倍），并诱导生成 38 种烷烃和 6 种烷基-PAHs，这表明活性氧和卤素物种在污染物转化过程中发挥了重要作用。在 OPW 处理站附近的土壤（n=22）中，发现了 580 种化合物，其中烃类（45%）、酯类（24.3%）和其他（30.7%，包括醛类、酮类、酚类、胺类、腈类和杂原子化合物），而酯类在总化合物中的浓度占比最大（高达 53.0%）。计算得出的危害商数 (HQ) 显示，石油加工厂废水和土壤中分别有 55 种和 314 种化合物具有中高危风险，其中相当一部分（废水为 23.6%，土壤为 12.7%）是由电氧化过程产生的，特别是包括酯类和卤代烃，这凸显了石油加工厂电氧化处理对产油地区生态风险的影响。

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引用次数: 0

Integration of Fe-MOF-laccase-magnetic biochar: From Rational Designing of a biocatalyst to aflatoxin B1 decontamination of peanut oil Fe-MOF-漆酶-磁性生物炭的整合：从合理设计生物催化剂到花生油中黄曲霉毒素 B1 的净化。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143424

Usman Rasheed , Qurat Ul Ain , Bin Liu

Enzymatic degradation of aflatoxins in food commodities has gained significant attention. However, enzyme denaturation in organic media discourages their direct use in oils to remove aflatoxins. For that, enzymes are immobilized or encapsulated for improved stability and reusability under unfavorable conditions. We sandwiched the laccase between a carrier and an outer protective layer. We used spent-mushroom-substrate (SMS) derived porous magnetic biochar as the laccase carrier and coated it with an iron MOF to create a biocomposite, Fe-BTC@Lac@FB. The immobilized laccase demonstrated enhanced chemical, thermal, and storage stability and proficient reusability. Fe-BTC@Lac@FB exhibited 11 times enhanced aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) degradation compared to free laccase (FL). In addition, thermally inactivated Fe-BTC@Lac@FB could adsorb 11.2 mg/g of AFB₁ from peanut oil. Multi-aflatoxin removal also proved promising, while Fe-BTC@Lac@FB could retain >85 % of AFB₁ removal efficacy after five reusability cycles. Fe-BTC@Lac@FB treatment did not affect peanut oil quality as indicated by different oil quality parameters and proved essentially non-cytotoxic. All these aspects helped recognize Fe-BTC@Lac@FB as an excellent laccase-carrying material with exceptionally higher stability, activity, and reusability.

酶法降解食品中的黄曲霉毒素已受到广泛关注。然而，酶在有机介质中变性，不利于直接用于油类中去除黄曲霉毒素。为此，需要对酶进行固定或封装，以提高其稳定性和在不利条件下的重复使用性。我们将漆酶夹在载体和外保护层之间。我们使用废蘑菇基质（SMS）衍生的多孔磁性生物炭作为漆酶载体，并在其上涂覆铁MOF，从而创建了一种生物复合材料--Fe-BTC@Lac@FB。固定化的漆酶具有更高的化学、热和贮存稳定性以及良好的重复使用性。与游离漆酶（FL）相比，Fe-BTC@Lac@FB 对黄曲霉毒素 B1（AFB1）的降解能力提高了 11 倍。此外，热失活的 Fe-BTC@Lac@FB 能从花生油中吸附 11.2 mg/g 的 AFB1。事实证明，Fe-BTC@Lac@FB 对多种黄曲霉毒素也有很好的去除效果，经过五个重复使用周期后，Fe-BTC@Lac@FB 对 AFB1 的去除率仍大于 85%。从不同的油质参数来看，Fe-BTC@Lac@FB 处理不会影响花生油的质量，而且基本上没有细胞毒性。所有这些方面都表明，Fe-BTC@Lac@FB 是一种具有极高稳定性、活性和可重复使用性的优秀漆包线杆菌载体材料。

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引用次数: 0

Neurotoxicology of warfare arsenical, diphenylarsinic acid in humans and experimental models 战争用砷、二苯基砷酸在人体和实验模型中的神经毒理学。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143516

Shalini Saggu , Ritesh K. Srivastava , Lisa McCormick , Anupam Agarwal , Mohammad Moshahid Khan , Mohammad Athar

Unused warfare chemical agents, developed in World Wars I/II dumped in the ocean or buried at various sites across the world, pose significant environmental and human health risks. This review provides description of the neurotoxicity of arsenic-based warfare chemicals known as arsenicals. We specifically described the neuropathogenesis of diphenylarsinic acid (DPAA), a chemical warfare-related organoarsenicals and a degradation product of diphenylchloroarsine (DA), diphenylcyanoarsine (DC), also known as Clark I and Clark II respectively. These arsenicals are potent emetics, which were buried at a former naval base in the town of Kamisu, Japan. Several decades after burial, their environmental decay led to contamination of underground water table. Consumption of the contaminated water by the residents manifested a neurological syndrome, which was associated with damage to the cerebellum and brainstem as well as behavioral deficits. We summarized the chronology of this damage as recorded by monitoring the exposed population over time (∼15 years). Several simulating animal studies in primates and murine models demonstrate that DPAA caused this syndrome.

第一次/第二次世界大战中研制的未使用的战争化学剂被倾倒在海洋中或掩埋在世界各地的不同地点，对环境和人类健康构成了重大风险。本综述介绍了以砷为基础的战争化学制剂（又称砷剂）的神经毒性。我们特别介绍了二苯基胂酸（DPAA）的神经发病机理，这是一种与化学战有关的有机胂，也是二苯基氯胂（DA）和二苯基氰胂（DC）的降解产物，分别称为克拉克 I 和克拉克 II。这些砷化物是强效催吐剂，被埋在日本上须镇的一个前海军基地。掩埋几十年后，它们在环境中腐烂，导致地下水位受到污染。居民饮用受污染的水后出现了神经系统综合征，与小脑和脑干受损以及行为障碍有关。我们总结了通过长期（∼15 年）监测暴露人群所记录的这种损害的时间顺序。在灵长类动物和小鼠模型中进行的几项模拟动物研究表明，DPAA 会导致这种综合症。

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引用次数: 0

Co-grown novel S-scheme tubular P–UCN/S-TCN homojunction mediates photocatalysis-PMS activation synergistic system for efficient degradation of antibiotic 共同生长的新型 S 型管状 P-UCN/S-TCN 同质结介导光催化-PMS 激活协同系统，实现抗生素的高效降解。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143731

Ting Wu , Zhifeng Liu , Binbin Shao , Yuan Pan , Qingyun He , Xiansheng Zhang , Lingfeng Zhou , Yunze Wang , Teng Li , Sheng Liu

The low photogenerated carrier separation and transport ability of the photocatalyst are the main factors inhibiting the photocatalytic activity. The construction of composite photocatalysts can effectively improve the efficiency of photogenerated carriers. However, the problem of reduced photocatalyst stability and catalytic activity due to easy separation of unstable composite interfaces has not been well solved for a long time. Therefore, in this work, a co-growth strategy was put forward to thermally co-polymerize sulfur-containing tubular supramolecular precursors with urea in order to achieve the growth of porous g-C₃N₄ nanoparticles (P–UCN) on the sulfur-doped tubular g-C₃N₄ (S-TCN), thus to successfully prepare P–UCN/S-TCN homojunction photocatalysts with chemically bonded stable composite interfaces. Furthermore, a coupled photocatalytic-peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation system was constructed to further promote the photogenerated carrier separation of P–UCN/S-TCN as well as the catalytic activity of the reaction system through the electron donor-acceptor relationship between P–UCN/S-TCN and PMS. Experimental characterization and DFT theoretical calculations together revealed the band gap structural characteristics and the direction of electron flow of the P–UCN/S-TCN S-scheme homojunction, and confirmed the successful construction of a stable chemically bonded homojunction interface. Then the results of catalytic activity test of P–UCN₁/S-TCN₁ showed a high tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) degradation efficiency (93.5%) within 30 min, and also demonstrated 100% degradation efficiency for Rhodamine B (RhB). This work made important progress in the design of a novel stable S-scheme homojunction interface and provided a reference for the application of photocatalysis-PMS coupling system in environmental remediation.

光催化剂的光生载流子分离和传输能力低是抑制光催化活性的主要因素。构建复合光催化剂可以有效提高光生载流子的效率。然而，长期以来，由于不稳定的复合界面易于分离而导致光催化剂稳定性和催化活性降低的问题一直没有得到很好的解决。因此，本研究提出了一种共生长策略，将含硫管状超分子前驱体与尿素进行热共聚合，以实现多孔 g-C3N4 纳米颗粒（P-UCN）在掺硫管状 g-C3N4 （S-TCN）上的生长，从而成功制备出具有化学键合稳定复合界面的 P-UCN/S-TCN 均相结光催化剂。此外，通过 P-UCN/S-TCN 与 PMS 之间的电子供体-受体关系，构建了一个耦合光催化-过氧单硫酸盐（PMS）活化体系，进一步促进了 P-UCN/S-TCN 的光生载流子分离以及反应体系的催化活性。实验表征和 DFT 理论计算共同揭示了 P-UCN/S-TCN S 型同质结的带隙结构特征和电子流动方向，并证实成功构建了稳定的化学键同质结界面。随后的催化活性测试结果表明，P-UCN1/S-TCN1在30分钟内对盐酸四环素（TCH）的降解效率高达93.5%，对罗丹明B（RhB）的降解效率也达到了100%。这项工作在设计新型稳定 S 型同质结界面方面取得了重要进展，为光催化-PMS 耦合系统在环境修复中的应用提供了参考。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanism of UV photodegradation of fluoroquinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin in aqueous solutions 氟喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星在水溶液中的紫外线光降解机理。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143643

Yuliya E. Tyutereva , Olga A. Snytnikova , Dmitriy G. Sheven , Roman G. Fedunov , Vadim V. Yanshole , Vyacheslav P. Grivin , Ivan P. Pozdnyakov

Mechanism of direct UV photolysis of the zwitterionic and anionic forms of the quinolone antibiotic ciprofloxacin (CIP) was revealed by combination of nanosecond laser flash photolysis, steady-state photolysis coupled with high resolution LC-MS and DFT quantum-chemical calculations. For both forms, the main intermediate is a dissociative triplet state, which loses a fluorine ion to form a triplet carbocation; subsequent solvent attack of the latter leads to the formation of products of hydroxylation both the aromatic ring and the piperazyl substituent. Correspondingly, the quantum yield of photolysis of both CIP forms does not depend on the excitation wavelength, but depends on the concentration of dissolved oxygen. Secondary photolysis leads to a number of products of oxidation of the aromatic system, as well as oxidation, opening and full destruction of the piperazinyl substituent. The results obtained may be important for understanding the fate of quinolone antibiotics in UVC disinfection processes and in natural waters under the action of sunlight.

通过结合纳秒激光闪烁光解、稳态光解以及高分辨率液相色谱-质谱和 DFT 量子化学计算，揭示了喹诺酮类抗生素环丙沙星 (CIP) 齐聚物和阴离子形式的直接紫外光解机理。这两种形式的主要中间体都是离解三重态，失去一个氟离子后形成三重碳位；后者随后受到溶剂侵蚀，形成芳香环和哌嗪取代基的羟基化产物。相应地，两种 CIP 形式的光解量子产率并不取决于激发波长，而是取决于溶解氧的浓度。二次光解会产生多种芳香系统氧化产物，以及哌嗪基取代基的氧化、开放和完全破坏。所获得的结果可能对了解喹诺酮类抗生素在紫外线消毒过程中以及在阳光作用下在自然水体中的命运具有重要意义。

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引用次数: 0

Arsenic sequestration by granular coal gangue functionalized with magnesium: Effects of magnesium and insight of arsenic sorption mechanisms 镁功能化颗粒煤矸石的砷封存作用：镁的影响和对砷吸附机制的认识。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143583

Bongsu Chang , Seon Yong Lee , Jae-Hyun Kim , Soonjae Lee , Bongju Kim , Young Jae Lee

Leveraging natural waste materials for inorganic contaminant removal in solution offers a novel approach to boost resource recycling and foster sustainable development by enhancing waste use. This research advanced the modest arsenite (As[III]) removal capacity of raw coal gangue through a magnesium-soaking and calcination-based surface modification. Batch experiments showed As(III) removal efficiency was improved from 39.8% to 89.9% after modification, independent of initial pH levels. The Langmuir model estimated the maximum sorption capacity of 0.979 mg/g for the modified coal gangue. Physicochemical analyses confirmed that the modification increased the surface area, pore volume and size of the coal gangue. Furthermore, SEM, and subsequent TEM and SAED analyses identified acicular arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) on the modified gangue, enhancing As(III) removal. Variations in sorption kinetics hinted at precipitation, likely due to AsO₃ polymer chains formed by As(III)'s sorption onto Mg(OH)₂, created from MgO hydration in aqueous conditions. Our findings show that coal gangue has potential applications in the development of sustainable methods for waste recycling.

利用天然废料去除溶液中的无机污染物为促进资源循环利用和可持续发展提供了一种新方法。这项研究通过基于镁浸泡和煅烧的表面改性，提高了原煤煤矸石对亚砷酸（As[III]）的适度去除能力。批量实验表明，改性后 As(III) 的去除率从 39.8% 提高到 89.9%，与初始 pH 值无关。根据 Langmuir 模型估算，改性煤矸石的最大吸附容量为 0.979 mg/g。理化分析证实，改性增加了煤矸石的表面积、孔体积和尺寸。此外，扫描电子显微镜以及随后的 TEM 和 SAED 分析确定了改性煤矸石上的针状三氧化二砷 (As2O3)，从而提高了 As(III) 的去除率。吸附动力学的变化暗示了沉淀的产生，这可能是由于 As（III）吸附到 Mg（OH）2 上形成的 AsO3 聚合物链，而 MgO 在水溶液条件下水合生成了 AsO3 聚合物链。我们的研究结果表明，煤矸石在开发可持续的废物回收方法方面具有潜在的应用价值。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation of the impact of L-Tryptophan on the toxicology of Perfluorooctanoic acid in Daphnia magna: Characterization and perspectives 评估 L-色氨酸对大型蚤体内全氟辛酸毒理学的影响：特征描述与展望。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143665

Mathieu Verhille , Robert Hausler

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a pervasive environmental contaminant with well-documented toxic effects on both humans and animals, attracting significant scientific concern. Due to its affinity for proteins, research has predominantly focused on PFOA's interactions with biological macromolecules. However, the specific role of smaller molecules, such as amino acids, remains underexplored. This study uniquely evaluates the potential of l-tryptophan (L-Trp) to mitigate PFOA toxicity and investigates the interaction mechanisms involved. Results indicate that the presence of L-Trp in PFOA-contaminated water reduces acute toxicity in Daphnia magna, with an optimal molar ratio of approximately 1:2 (Trp:PFOA). The findings reveal that non-covalent interactions, particularly van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds, are central to the Trp–PFOA complex formation. Additional contributions from hydrophobic interactions at the indole group and electrostatic forces between carbonyl and amine groups further stabilize the complex. These interactions likely reduce PFOA's toxicity by altering its bioavailability and distribution. While this study offers valuable insights into the binding mechanisms between L-Trp and PFOA, it raises important questions about the reversibility of this interaction and its applicability to other per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs).

全氟辛酸（PFOA）是一种普遍存在的环境污染物，对人类和动物的毒性影响有据可查，引起了科学界的极大关注。由于其对蛋白质的亲和性，研究主要集中在全氟辛酸与生物大分子的相互作用上。然而，氨基酸等小分子的具体作用仍未得到充分探索。本研究独特地评估了 L-色氨酸（L-Trp）减轻 PFOA 毒性的潜力，并研究了其中的相互作用机制。结果表明，在受 PFOA 污染的水中加入 L-Trp 可降低大型蚤的急性毒性，最佳摩尔比约为 1:2（Trp:PFOA）。研究结果表明，非共价相互作用，特别是范德华力和氢键，是 Trp-PFOA 复合物形成的核心。吲哚基团上的疏水相互作用以及羰基和胺基团之间的静电力进一步稳定了复合物。这些相互作用可能会改变 PFOA 的生物利用率和分布，从而降低其毒性。这项研究为了解 L-Trp 与 PFOA 之间的结合机制提供了宝贵的见解，同时也提出了有关这种相互作用的可逆性及其对其他全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）适用性的重要问题。

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引用次数: 0

The combined use of biological investigations, bio chromatographic and in silico methods to solve the puzzle of badge and its derivative's toxicity 结合使用生物调查、生物色谱和硅学方法来解决徽章及其衍生物的毒性问题。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143640

Ilaria Neri , Marialuisa Piccolo , Giacomo Russo , Maria Grazia Ferraro , Vincenzo Marotta , Rita Santamaria , Lucia Grumetto

Bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) is a pre-polymer of BPA widely used in manufacturing of epoxy resins and plastics; due to its high reactivity, unintended by-products, such as chlorinated and hydrolysed products, can reach the human body. This research integrates multiple approaches such as computational predictions, chromatographic experiments, biological assays, and human biomonitoring studies to comprehensively evaluate the toxicological profiles of the parent compound and its derivatives. In silico predictions were first utilized to estimate the toxicological properties and interactions of BADGE derivatives, providing insights into their bioactivity. Biomimetic liquid chromatography was then used to simulate membrane permeability and biodistribution, predicting how these chemicals might cross biological membranes and accumulate in tissues. In vitro experiments assessed cellular toxicity through viability assays, identifying BADGE·2HCl as the most cytotoxic derivative. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production evaluation was performed to assess the oxidative stress induced by these compounds, revealing elevated ROS levels in cells exposed to BADGE and BADGE·2HCl with a consequent significant oxidative damage. Similarly, BADGE and BADGE·2HCl were able to induce cellular death by apoptosis activation. Human serum analysis in a population sample (N = 96), showed BADGE·2H₂O as the most frequently detected metabolite, indicating a considerable human exposure and metabolic processes. The findings highlight a toxicity of BADGE derivatives similar to that of BADGE; BADGE·2HCl resulted particularly cytotoxic and BADGE·2H₂O is the most frequent detected in human serum, underscoring the need for regulatory measures to mitigate potential health risks associated with these compounds.

双酚 A 二缩水甘油醚（BADGE）是双酚 A 的预聚物，广泛用于制造环氧树脂和塑料；由于其反应活性高，氯化和水解产物等意外副产品可能进入人体。这项研究整合了多种方法，如计算预测、色谱实验、生物检测和人体生物监测研究，以全面评估母体化合物及其衍生物的毒理学特征。研究人员首先利用硅学预测来估计巴德泽衍生物的毒理学特性和相互作用，从而深入了解它们的生物活性。然后利用仿生液相色谱法模拟膜渗透性和生物分布，预测这些化学物质如何穿过生物膜并在组织中积累。体外实验通过活力测定评估了细胞毒性，确定 BADGE-2HCl 是细胞毒性最强的衍生物。为了评估这些化合物诱导的氧化应激，对活性氧（ROS）产生情况进行了评估，结果显示，暴露于 BADGE 和 BADGE-2HCl 的细胞中 ROS 水平升高，从而导致了严重的氧化损伤。同样，BADGE 和 BADGE-2HCl 还能通过激活细胞凋亡诱导细胞死亡。对人群样本（N=96）进行的血清分析表明，BADGE-2H2O 是最常检测到的代谢物，这表明人类接触了大量的 BADGE 和 BADGE-2HCl 并进行了新陈代谢。研究结果表明，巴德泽衍生物的毒性与巴德泽类似；巴德泽-2HCl 的细胞毒性特别强，而巴德泽-2H2O 是人体血清中最常检测到的物质，这突出表明有必要采取监管措施，以减轻与这些化合物有关的潜在健康风险。

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引用次数: 0

Teabag-derived micro/nanoplastics (true-to-life MNPLs) as a surrogate for real-life exposure scenarios 将茶包衍生的微/纳米塑料（真实的 MNPLs）作为现实生活中暴露情景的替代物。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143736

Gooya Banaei , Doaa Abass , Alireza Tavakolpournegari , Joan Martín-Pérez , Javier Gutiérrez , Guyu Peng , Thorsten Reemtsma , Ricard Marcos , Alba Hernández , Alba García-Rodríguez

The potential health implications of environmental micro/nanoplastics (MNPLs) are increasingly concerning. Beyond environmental exposure, other sources such as food packaging, including herbal/teabags, may also be significant. This study investigates the release of MNPLs from three commercially available teabags. By simulating tea preparation, MNPL samples were extracted and characterized using a range of analytical techniques: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), attenuated total reflectance/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV), and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The results confirmed that the teabags were made of nylon-6 (NY6), polypropylene (PP), and cellulose (CL) and that microfibers and nano-range particles (NPLs) were present in the leachates. NTA data revealed that the number of released NPLs was 1.20 × 10⁹/mL (PP; 136.7 nm), 1.35 × 10⁸/mL (CL; 244 nm), and 8.18 × 10⁶/mL (NY6; 138.4). The leachate particles were then stained with iDye Poly-Pink and used to expose three human intestine-derived cell types (Caco-2, HT29, and HT29-MTX) to assess their biointeractions and the role of the mucosubstances in vitro. The results demonstrated that after 24 h of exposure to 100 μg/mL NPLs, there was significant uptake of PP-NPLs in HT29-MTX cells, as a model of cells segregating high amount of mucus. A similar uptake was observed for CL-NPLs in HT29 and HT29-MTX cells, while NY6-NPLs were internalized preferentially in Caco-2 cells. These findings underscore the importance of identifying new environmentally relevant MNPL exposure sources, for developing realistic MNPLs samples, and further investigating their potential human health effects.

环境微塑料/纳米塑料（MNPLs）对健康的潜在影响越来越令人担忧。除了环境暴露外，其他来源（如食品包装，包括草药/茶叶袋）也可能是重要来源。本研究调查了三种市售茶包中 MNPLs 的释放情况。通过模拟茶叶制备过程，提取了 MNPL 样品，并使用一系列分析技术对其进行了表征：扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、透射电子显微镜 (TEM)、衰减全反射/傅立叶变换红外光谱 (ATR-FTIR)、动态光散射 (DLS)、激光多普勒测速仪 (LDV) 和纳米颗粒跟踪分析 (NTA)。结果证实，茶叶袋由尼龙-6（NY6）、聚丙烯（PP）和纤维素（CL）制成，浸出液中存在微纤维和纳米范围颗粒（NPL）。NTA 数据显示，释放的 NPL 数量分别为 1.20x109/mL（聚丙烯；136.7 纳米）、1.35x108/mL（纤维素；244 纳米）和 8.18x106/mL（NY6；138.4 纳米）。然后用 iDye Poly-Pink 对浸出液颗粒进行染色，并将其用于暴露三种人类肠源性细胞类型（Caco-2、HT29 和 HT29-MTX），以评估它们的生物相互作用以及粘液物质在体外的作用。结果表明，HT29-MTX细胞作为分离大量粘液的细胞模型，在接触100微克/毫升NPLs 24小时后，对PP-NPLs有明显的吸收。在 HT29 和 HT29-MTX 细胞中也观察到了类似的 CL-NPLs 吸收，而在 Caco-2 细胞中 NY6-NPLs 被优先内化。这些发现强调了确定新的与环境相关的 MNPL 暴露源、开发真实的 MNPLs 样品以及进一步研究其对人类健康的潜在影响的重要性。

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引用次数: 0

Measurement reproducibility and storage impact on VOC/SVOC emission rate from decorative materials 测量重现性和储存对装饰材料挥发性有机化合物/挥发性有机化合物排放率的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143607

Nouha Zine Filali , Tamara Braish , Yves Andres , Nadine Locoge

Building materials are the major sources of Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) in indoor air. Measurements of emission rates of these compounds are likely to be influenced by variation in certain environmental factors resulting in intra-specimen variability. This study aims to (i) evaluate the reproducibility of measurements between specimens and (ii) evaluate the impact of storage on VOC and SVOC emissions from antifungal acrylic paint (applied on polyester-cellulose). For this purpose, 15 discs of tested materials (1.63 ± 0.04 g) were prepared. From these, the emissions rates (ER) of 5 samples were analyzed simultaneously during three measurement campaigns (October 2021, January 2022 and March 2022). Between each campaign, specimens were stored in the dark at ambient temperature (25 ± 4 °C) and relative humidity (50 ± 20 %). Measurements were performed using the field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) and characterized by gas chromatography (TD-GC-MS/FID) and liquid chromatography (HPLC). Intra-specimen reproducibility was assessed by comparing 5 ER of different specimens collected simultaneously. The impact of storage was evaluated by comparing the average VOC/SVOC ER between each campaign. The results show, concerning the reproducibility of the measurements, that the first measurement campaign provides ER with high variability (10–36 %) compared to the second and third measurement campaigns, which show lower intra-specimen variability (5–24 % and 8–20 % respectively). However, weakly emitted compounds (ER < 10 μg m⁻² h⁻¹) such as aromatics and aldehydes show large variabilities (6–100 % of variation) in all measurement campaigns. Regarding the effect of the 5-months storage a significant decrease in the ER of individual VOC/SVOCs (37–85 %) and of TVOCs (74 %) was noted, except for aldehydes, aromatic hydrocarbons, isopropylacetone and vinyl crotonate, which showed a stability or eventual increase (up to 100 %) in the ER over time, depending on the type of emitted compound.

建筑材料是室内空气中挥发性和半挥发性有机化合物（VOC 和 SVOC）的主要来源。对这些化合物排放率的测量很可能会受到某些环境因素变化的影响，从而导致样本内部的差异。本研究的目的是：(i) 评估试样间测量的可重复性；(ii) 评估储存对（涂在聚酯-纤维素上的）抗真菌丙烯酸涂料的 VOC 和 SVOC 排放的影响。为此，制备了 15 块测试材料的圆片（1.63 ± 0.04 克）。在三次测量活动（2021 年 10 月、2022 年 1 月和 2022 年 3 月）中，同时分析了其中 5 个样本的排放率 (ER)。在每次测量活动之间，样品在环境温度（25 ± 4 °C）和相对湿度（50 ± 20 %）下暗处保存。使用现场和实验室发射池（FLEC）进行测量，并通过气相色谱法（TD-GC-MS/FID）和液相色谱法（HPLC）进行表征。通过比较同时采集的 5 个不同样本的 ER，评估了样本内部的重现性。通过比较每次活动的平均挥发性有机化合物/挥发性有机化合物萃取率，评估了储存的影响。结果表明，在测量的重现性方面，第一次测量活动的ER变异性较高（10 - 36 %），而第二次和第三次测量活动的样本内变异性较低（分别为 5 - 24 % 和 8 - 20 %）。然而，在所有测量活动中，芳烃和醛类等弱排放化合物（ER < 10 μg m-2 h-1）的变异性较大（变异率为 6 - 100%）。至于 5 个月储存的影响，除了醛类、芳香烃、异丙基丙酮和巴豆酸乙烯酯之外，其他挥发性有机化合物/可挥发性有机化合物（37 - 85 %）和 TVOC（74 %）的 ER 都显著下降，随着时间的推移，ER 显示稳定或最终增加（最多 100 %），这取决于排放化合物的类型。

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引用次数: 0