Chemosphere最新文献

{"title":"Investigating plastic in organic fertilizers: A 2-year comparative study","authors":"Daniela Thomas ,&nbsp;Kristof Dorau ,&nbsp;Elke Bloem","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The application of organic fertilizers such as compost and sewage sludge to agricultural soils has emerged as a significant pathway for introducing (micro)plastics into terrestrial environments, where they may leach into groundwater, be ingested by soil organisms, or enter the food chain through plant uptake. The impact of plastic contamination introduced into soils via different types of organic fertilizers remains insufficiently quantified, particularly concerning the quantity, polymer composition, and particle size distribution of plastics. While research has highlighted the presence of microplastics in organic waste products, a comprehensive evaluation comparing various fertilizer types is lacking. This study investigates plastic contamination within seven organic fertilizers (e.g. green waste and biowaste composts, etc.) by analyzing polymer types, particle sizes, surface areas, and mass distribution in two consecutive years. While plastics were the primary focus of detailed characterization, the presence of glass and metal was also recorded to provide a broader context of foreign matter contamination.</div><div>Three out of seven organic fertilizers (dry chicken manure, digested pig manure, and mixed digestate) and straws remained visually free of foreign matter in both years. Each visual-isolated particle of the remaining fertilizer piles was manually analyzed. Attenuated-total reflectance with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and siMPle were used for identification, showing that 82 % of the foreign substances were plastic. The particle number, mass, and size distribution were further contextualized by incorporating pile surfaces and application rates to calculate plastic loads per square meter (m²). Key findings reveal that biowaste compost of 2023 exhibited the highest plastic mass (1.51 g/m²), while green waste compost and sewage sludge of the same year exhibited lower contamination levels (0.069 and 0.125 g/m²). However, variability between 2022 and 2023 was pronounced, complicating definitive conclusions about generally higher abundances of foreign matter. These results underscore the necessity for further long-term research to establish guidance on surveilling abundant foreign matter and incorporate this data into regulatory frameworks. Implications suggest that the quality of input materials and processing procedures plays a vital role in the particle mass and count of foreign matter, requiring stricter monitoring protocols to reduce the environmental impact of plastics in organic fertilizers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144765"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145656746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fenton and photo-Fenton strategies for sustainable pesticide decontamination. A review","authors":"Juan M. Peralta-Hernández ,&nbsp;Enric Brillas","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144784","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144784","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herbicides, insecticides, and fungicides are synthetic pesticides widely used to control or destroy pests in agriculture. Their toxic persistence as residues in waters and soils is hazardous for plants and animals, necessitating their removal. This article presents a critical and comprehensive review of recent trends of Fenton and photo-Fenton strategies to destroy such pollutants from 2021 to May 2025. In synthetic solutions, homogeneous Fenton with H₂O₂/Fe²⁺ yielding oxidant ^•OH was limited to pH = 3.0 and by Fe(OH)₃ sludge precipitation upon neutralization. Homogeneous Fenton-like processes with iron complexes solved this situation, allowing complete abatement of herbicides at higher pH values. Heterogeneous Fenton and Fenton-like processes with the generation of ^•OH, O₂^•−, and/or ¹O₂ oxidants also gave good degradation at pH &gt; 3.0. Photo-Fenton upgraded Fenton by producing more ^•OH from photo-Fenton reaction and photolysis of final Fe(III)-carboxylate species. Fast degradation was achieved at pH = 3.0 by homogeneous photo-Fenton upon UVC light and at pH = 7.0 by solar heterogeneous photo-Fenton. Combined processes like photocatalysis/photo-Fenton were more effective in removing pesticides than the individual ones. Pesticides in real wastewater were more slowly remediated than in pure water by heterogeneous Fenton and photo-Fenton. Positive Fenton treatments were applied to soils contaminated with pesticides, using activators/oxidants added to soil or soil washing effluents. The toxicity analysis of treated pesticide solutions by predictive programs of primary by-products and experimental assessment with microalgae, bacteria, and plants is detailed. The scaling up for industrial pesticide wastewaters is discussed as the main challenge of these treatments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144784"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145650435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of (aided)phytoextraction in Pb/Zn mine tailings using hyperaccumulators improves soil health","authors":"V. Álvarez-López ,&nbsp;B. Rodríguez-Garrido ,&nbsp;A. Prieto-Fernández ,&nbsp;C. Trasar-Cepeda ,&nbsp;C. Monterroso ,&nbsp;P. Kidd","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144780","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144780","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Phytoextraction is a soil remediation technique that involves growing plants capable of absorbing and accumulating high levels of trace metals in their aboveground parts from contaminated soils. The process can be aided by the use of organic amendments or the intercropping of plants. A field trial of (aided)phytoextraction was implemented in an abandoned Pb/Zn-mining area in the NW of Spain. The Cd/Zn-hyperaccumulator <em>Noccaea caerulescens</em> was planted in monoculture or co-cropped with the leguminous <em>Lotus corniculatus</em> in replicate plots established in non-amended or compost-amended mine tailings. Compost amendment improved soil properties such as total C and N contents, C/N ratio and nutrient availability, but decreased soil metal availability. Compost addition improved plant nutrition and biomass production of the hyperaccumulator. After 1.5 years of plant growth, no significant changes in soil total metal concentrations were observed. However, the concentrations of NH₄Cl-extractable Zn decreased in plots cultivated with <em>N. caerulescens</em>. Intercropping with the legume induced significant increases in shoot metal concentrations in the hyperaccumulator. Both plant cover and compost addition increased the activity of hydrolytic and dehydrogenase enzymes, while decreasing catalase activity, which showed abnormally high values in mine tailings. The successful establishment of plant cover was essential to maintaining the improvement of organic matter and other soil properties induced by the compost amendment over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144780"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilised native bacterial consortia for algal toxin removal: Towards sustainable in-situ remediation","authors":"Maanashi Tripathi ,&nbsp;S. Murty Bhallamudi ,&nbsp;Ligy Philip","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144783","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144783","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study proposes a novel <em>in-situ</em> bioremediation strategy for the removal of highly toxic algal metabolites released during Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs). The target algal toxins are Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) and Anatoxin-a (Atx-a) as they are acutely toxic, environmentally stable, evade conventional treatment processes and contribute to disinfection by-products formation. Native bacterial consortia isolated from lakes with recurrent algal blooms were immobilised on three matrices: polyethylene (PE), polyurethane (PU), and cellulose sponge (CS). Suspended systems achieved 90.4 % (MC-LR) and 92.5 % (Atx-a) removal at 50 μg/L, but efficiencies declined to 77.8 % and 80.0 %, respectively, at 250 μg/L. In contrast, immobilised systems maintained high removal efficiencies even at an initial toxin concentration as high as 250 μg/L, achieving 100 % toxin removal with PU and CS and over 90 % with PE. Although CS showed complete removal, its biodegradable nature limits long-term use. PU emerged as the most durable and effective carrier, ensuring stable microbial activity and negligible sorption. Microbial degradation was confirmed as the dominant mechanism, with <em>Burkholderia sp.</em> identified as the key degrader. This study also provides insight on Atx-a attenuation by identifying degradation products and proposing a potential co-metabolic biodegradation pathway. Microplastic analysis revealed minor particle release from PU, which can be further mitigated by enclosing the immobilised matrices in permeable barrier during field deployment to prevent secondary contamination. Present study highlights the promise of combining native consortia with immobilised systems as a scalable and environmentally compatible strategy for <em>in-situ</em> algal toxin remediation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144783"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145594794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracking the transformations and by-products of antimicrobials in soil by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry","authors":"I. Vergara-Luis ,&nbsp;J.C. Báez-Millán ,&nbsp;E. Anakabe ,&nbsp;O. Zuloaga ,&nbsp;M. Olivares ,&nbsp;A. Prieto","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Beyond soil composition, several critical factors—such as organic matter content, soil pH, and the concentration of antimicrobial substances (AMs)—significantly influence both the adsorption and persistence of AMs, as well as the potential development of AM transformation products (TPs) in soil. Although AMs and their TPs contribute to soil environmental pollution, there is still a lack of research on the degradation of AMs and the identification of TPs. In this context, this study investigated the degradation of four AMs from different families—sulfamethoxazole (SMX), oxytetracycline (OTC), enrofloxacin (ENRO), and trimethoprim (TMP)—in a soil:compost mixture (97.2:2.8 w/w). The analysis was carried out at two concentration levels (1 mg kg⁻¹ and 150 mg kg⁻¹) under controlled light and humidity conditions. The results showed a higher degradation rate for SMX, regardless of the initial concentration, and a higher persistence in soil for the fluoroquinolone ENRO. In addition, nineteen potential TPs were identified using a suspect screening analysis approach, many of which, to our knowledge, have not been previously identified in soil:compost samples. The higher degradation rate observed for SMX coincided with the highest recorded abundances of TPs of SMX. Conversely, the highest diversity of identified TPs was observed for TMP. This work also extends the information on the transformation mechanism leading to the detected TPs. However, there is still a large gap regarding the possible activity of the TPs and their influence on resistance propagation. Further research is therefore needed in this area, combining chemical and biological assays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144773"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Species-specific benefits in bioremediation of oil refinery sludge via large-scale vermicomposting process: a detailed comparison between Eisenia fetida and Eudrilus eugeniae","authors":"Snigdha Nath,&nbsp;Subhasish Das","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144782","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144782","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioremediation of oil refinery sludge (ORS) with earthworms offers a sustainable prospect in its pollution mitigation, however species-specific detoxification of ORS remains understudied. We conducted a 90-day mesocosm experiment to study the efficacy of two species, <em>Eisenia fetida</em> (EF) and <em>Eudrilus eugeniae</em> (EE), in ORS valorisation. Changes in physicochemical properties, heavy metal speciation (in gut and compost), and carbon fractions of the vermi-treated ORS composts were evaluated. EE yielded a 1.5-fold higher N increment than EF. EE reduced Ni's bioavailable fraction and residual fraction by 55.9 % and 39.4 %, respectively. EE showed an 11 % higher reduction in labile C pool than EF, with 1.95 % increment in its humic acid fraction. The gut bioaccumulation was 20–47 % higher in EE than EF across heavy metals. Moreover, the removal efficiency of heavy metals with EE was 24 % higher than EF. The higher vermiremediation benefit index (VBI) for EE (1.68) compared to EF (1.45) confirmed EE's efficient NPK mineralization and metal detoxification. Principal component analysis attributed earthworm growth, gut accumulation, and metal reduction to EE's higher VBI. Our findings underline the species-specific potential of <em>E. eugeniae</em> over <em>E. fetida</em> in ORS detoxification, while addressing the need to assess the long-term stability of vermiremediated ORS compost for safer agricultural use.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"394 ","pages":"Article 144782"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145623428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “Investigation of PEG directed Sb2WO6 for dyes removal from wastewater” [Chemosphere 291, Part 1, March 2022, 132677]","authors":"S.P. Keerthana ,&nbsp;R. Yuvakkumar ,&nbsp;P. Senthil Kumar ,&nbsp;G. Ravi ,&nbsp;S.I. Hong ,&nbsp;Dhayalan Velauthapillai","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144637","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144637","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 144637"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to “New insights into engineered plant-microbe interactions for pesticide removal” [Chemosphere 309, Part 2, December 2022, 136635]","authors":"Kalpana Bhatt ,&nbsp;Deep Chandra Suyal ,&nbsp;Saurabh Kumar ,&nbsp;Kuldeep Singh ,&nbsp;Priya Goswami","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 144658"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contribution of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides from saharan dust during the March 2022 event in the Iberian Peninsula","authors":"José Antonio Suárez-Navarro ,&nbsp;Víctor Manuel Expósito-Suárez ,&nbsp;Pedro Salvador ,&nbsp;Eva María Fernández ,&nbsp;José Luis Costa-Krämer ,&nbsp;Raquel Álvaro ,&nbsp;Joseph Emmanuel Ndjana Nkoulou II ,&nbsp;José Francisco Benavente","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144778","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144778","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>African dust outbreaks are recurrent events that have been extensively studied in the scientific literature. However, the intense event that occurred in March 2022 over Spain provided an opportunity to study various radiological aspects in depth due to the significant amount of suspended dust emitted and transported. The particles were morphologically and chemically characterised using SEM and EDX techniques. The chemical composition was homogeneous, with an Al/Fe ratio ranging from 0.48 to 0.72, consistent with that of the Sahara region. This study evaluates the radiological risk associated with ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb, determined from the activity concentrations of the dust, which were obtained through gamma spectrometry. The radionuclides from the uranium series (²¹⁴Pb) had an average value of 20.0 Bq kg⁻¹, while those from the thorium series (²²⁸Ac, ²¹²Pb, and ²⁰⁸Tl) averaged 35.2 Bq kg⁻¹.</div><div>Additionally, the mean activity concentrations of ¹³⁷Cs were 11.0 Bq kg⁻¹, corresponding to fallout. The ratios of ¹³⁷Cs/⁴⁰K and ⁷Be/²¹⁰Pb, with medians of 0.023 and 2.2 respectively, indicated that the event influenced the lower layers of the atmosphere. Furthermore, the ratios obtained between ²¹⁰Pb/²¹⁰Po, determined using Bateman equations, confirmed a short residence time for ²¹⁰Pb. On the other hand, the results from the extraction of the exchangeable fraction of dust particles showed a strong association of ²¹⁰Pb and ¹³⁷Cs with the dust particles. Finally, the effective inhalation doses obtained were several orders of magnitude below the 3 μSv day⁻¹ limit recommended by the ICRP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 144778"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145578051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-year dynamics of methylmercury production in Hg2+-spiked paddy soils: Mercury speciation, microbial communities, and rice contamination","authors":"Hitoshi Kodamatani ,&nbsp;Masahiro Yamamoto ,&nbsp;Yoshihiro Takaki ,&nbsp;Shintaro Hamasuna ,&nbsp;Katsuyuki Ichitani ,&nbsp;Ryo Kanzaki ,&nbsp;Takashi Tomiyasu","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144767","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144767","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigated three-year changes in soil mercury (Hg) pools, methylmercury (MeHg) production, rice contamination, and microbial communities after a single Hg²⁺ addition to two soils (Soil I and Soil II). In Soil I, total Hg (T-Hg) concentration of brown rice grain was 0.150 ± 0.023 mg/kg (n = 143) in 2015 and increased to 0.233 ± 0.080 (n = 135) and 0.240 ± 0.118 mg/kg (n = 225) in 2016 and 2017. In Soil II, T-Hg declined from 0.530 ± 0.101 (n = 130) in 2015 to 0.124 ± 0.059 (n = 213) and 0.168 ± 0.059 mg/kg (n = 200) in 2016 and 2017. Variations in T-Hg concentrations in rice grains cultivated in the two soils showed a relationship with soil MeHg concentrations within the same soil, but not between different soils. Sequential extraction, which partitioned soil Hg into seven fractions, indicated that Soil II contained a higher proportion of water-extractable Hg. This finding suggests that the mobility of Hg may have influenced the level of Hg contamination in rice grains. The proportion of Hg sulfide peaked approximately one month after the addition of Hg²⁺ in both soils, then decreased over time. In contrast, the fractions of organic-bound and elemental Hg tended to increase over time. In soil II, where DNA extraction was successful, microbial communities showed no clear differences at the phylum level between the Hg-added and non-added samples, but distinct shifts were observed at lower taxonomic levels. Metagenomics showed that the MeHg/T-Hg ratio correlated positively with <em>hgcAB</em> gene abundance (r = 0.85, P &lt; 0.05), while <em>merA/merB</em> showed no clear relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"393 ","pages":"Article 144767"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145575044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}