Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144745
Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt , Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela , Luana Garcia Fernandes , Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo , Valter Aragão Nascimento , Stefanni Alves Vasques Loureiro , Lana Fioravante Pereira , Nathalia Macedo Silva , Carlos Eurico Fernandes
Active biomonitoring using caged fish is a practical approach for assessing environmental contamination in urban aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Astyanax lacustris was employed to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of trace metal exposure in an artificial urban reservoir in Brazil (Lago do Amor). Fish were exposed in situ for 3, 6, and 12 days, and sediment and muscle samples were analyzed for metal(loid) concentrations by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Sediments contained up to 838.7 ± 24.4 mg/kg Fe and 7.1 ± 0.04 mg/kg Mn, while fish muscles accumulated arsenic at 2.21 ± 0.14 mg/kg across exposure times. The comet assay revealed that DNA damage increased by 66 % after 6 days and 55 % after 12 days of exposure compared to controls, while integrated optical density (IOD) analysis showed significant nuclear alterations consistent with genotoxic stress. These findings suggest that even sub-threshold concentrations of metals may induce measurable genotoxic effects in fish. Importantly, this is one of the first studies in an artificial urban lake in Brazil to integrate cellular biomarkers with ICP-OES chemical analyses, demonstrating the sensitivity of A. lacustris as a native bioindicator. The data are consistent with the view that active biomonitoring can provide early warning of ecological risks, and this approach may serve as a cost-effective tool to support environmental management of urban freshwater systems.
利用笼鱼进行主动生物监测是评价城市水生生态系统环境污染的一种实用方法。在这项研究中，利用Astyanax lacustris来评估巴西（Lago do Amor）一个人工城市水库中微量金属暴露的遗传毒性和细胞毒性效应。鱼在原位暴露3、6和12天，并用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法（ICP-OES）分析沉积物和肌肉样品中的金属（样蛋白）浓度。沉积物中含有高达838.7±24.4 mg/kg的铁和7.1±0.04 mg/kg的锰，而鱼类肌肉在暴露时间内积累的砷为2.21±0.14 mg/kg。彗星分析显示，与对照组相比，暴露6天后的DNA损伤增加了66%，暴露12天后的DNA损伤增加了55%，而综合光密度（IOD）分析显示，与遗传毒性应激一致的显著核改变。这些发现表明，即使低于阈值的金属浓度也可能对鱼类产生可测量的遗传毒性作用。重要的是，这是首次在巴西人工城市湖泊中将细胞生物标志物与ICP-OES化学分析相结合的研究之一，证明了湖芽草作为天然生物指标的敏感性。这些数据与主动生物监测可以提供生态风险早期预警的观点一致，这种方法可以作为支持城市淡水系统环境管理的成本效益工具。
{"title":"Caged native fish reveal genotoxic effects of metal contamination in an urban lake","authors":"Carla Letícia Gediel Rivero-Wendt , Ana Luisa Miranda-Vilela , Luana Garcia Fernandes , Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo , Valter Aragão Nascimento , Stefanni Alves Vasques Loureiro , Lana Fioravante Pereira , Nathalia Macedo Silva , Carlos Eurico Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144745","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144745","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Active biomonitoring using caged fish is a practical approach for assessing environmental contamination in urban aquatic ecosystems. In this study, <em>Astyanax lacustris</em> was employed to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of trace metal exposure in an artificial urban reservoir in Brazil (Lago do Amor). Fish were exposed in situ for 3, 6, and 12 days, and sediment and muscle samples were analyzed for metal(loid) concentrations by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Sediments contained up to 838.7 ± 24.4 mg/kg Fe and 7.1 ± 0.04 mg/kg Mn, while fish muscles accumulated arsenic at 2.21 ± 0.14 mg/kg across exposure times. The comet assay revealed that DNA damage increased by 66 % after 6 days and 55 % after 12 days of exposure compared to controls, while integrated optical density (IOD) analysis showed significant nuclear alterations consistent with genotoxic stress. These findings suggest that even sub-threshold concentrations of metals may induce measurable genotoxic effects in fish. Importantly, this is one of the first studies in an artificial urban lake in Brazil to integrate cellular biomarkers with ICP-OES chemical analyses, demonstrating the sensitivity of <em>A. lacustris</em> as a native bioindicator. The data are consistent with the view that active biomonitoring can provide early warning of ecological risks, and this approach may serve as a cost-effective tool to support environmental management of urban freshwater systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144745"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145411109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-29DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144735
Amr Nasr Fekry, Hazim Qiblawey, Fares Almomani
This study investigates the remarkable potential of living Mixed Indigenous Microalgae (MIMA) for mercury bioremediation in aquatic environments at environmentally relevant concentrations (10–100 μg/L). Our research demonstrates high mercury removal efficiency (89–94 %) across all tested concentrations, with rapid kinetics achieving equilibrium within just 2 min of contact time. The maximum biosorption capacity reached 0.10 mg/g at 100 μg/L initial concentration. Notably, MIMA maintained both viability and removal efficiency when exposed to Hg for 3 days without any addition of nutrients suggesting resilience under nutrient-limited conditions. Comprehensive isotherm analysis revealed the Dubinin-Radushkevich model provided the best fit (R2 = 0.998), indicating physical adsorption as the predominant mechanism, as the calculated mean free energy (E = 5.00 kJ/mol) falls within the 1–8 kJ/mol range characteristic of physical adsorption. Kinetic studies showed superior correlation with the pseudo-second-order model (R2 > 0.996), with rate constants decreasing systematically from 767.5 to 216.0 g/mg·min as concentration increased, suggesting secondary chemical interactions may also contribute to the overall mechanism. Advanced characterization revealed significant surface modifications, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showing increased surface roughness, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicating involvement of hydroxyl, protein, and carbohydrate functional groups, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirming Hg(II) binding to oxygen-containing moieties with distinctive Hg 4f peaks at 101.78 and 105.8 eV. Optical microscopy revealed the formation of sudden spherical-shell boundaries around individual cells providing visual evidence of an immediate physico-chemical response at the cell-mercury interface, correlating with the observed rapid kinetics. This research addresses critical knowledge gaps regarding living microalgae-mediated mercury removal and demonstrates MIMA's potential as a sustainable, efficient solution for mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems, maintaining viability even under nutrient-limited conditions while effectively reducing mercury concentrations to near guideline values at the lowest initial level (10 μg/L).
{"title":"Rapid mercury removal using living indigenous microalgal communities for water treatment applications","authors":"Amr Nasr Fekry, Hazim Qiblawey, Fares Almomani","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the remarkable potential of living Mixed Indigenous Microalgae (<em>MIMA</em>) for mercury bioremediation in aquatic environments at environmentally relevant concentrations (10–100 μg/L). Our research demonstrates high mercury removal efficiency (89–94 %) across all tested concentrations, with rapid kinetics achieving equilibrium within just 2 min of contact time. The maximum biosorption capacity reached 0.10 mg/g at 100 μg/L initial concentration. Notably, <em>MIMA</em> maintained both viability and removal efficiency when exposed to Hg for 3 days without any addition of nutrients suggesting resilience under nutrient-limited conditions. Comprehensive isotherm analysis revealed the Dubinin-Radushkevich model provided the best fit (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.998), indicating physical adsorption as the predominant mechanism, as the calculated mean free energy (E = 5.00 kJ/mol) falls within the 1–8 kJ/mol range characteristic of physical adsorption. Kinetic studies showed superior correlation with the pseudo-second-order model (R<sup>2</sup> > 0.996), with rate constants decreasing systematically from 767.5 to 216.0 g/mg·min as concentration increased, suggesting secondary chemical interactions may also contribute to the overall mechanism. Advanced characterization revealed significant surface modifications, with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showing increased surface roughness, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) indicating involvement of hydroxyl, protein, and carbohydrate functional groups, and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) confirming Hg(II) binding to oxygen-containing moieties with distinctive Hg 4f peaks at 101.78 and 105.8 eV. Optical microscopy revealed the formation of sudden spherical-shell boundaries around individual cells providing visual evidence of an immediate physico-chemical response at the cell-mercury interface, correlating with the observed rapid kinetics. This research addresses critical knowledge gaps regarding living microalgae-mediated mercury removal and demonstrates <em>MIMA</em>'s potential as a sustainable, efficient solution for mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems, maintaining viability even under nutrient-limited conditions while effectively reducing mercury concentrations to near guideline values at the lowest initial level (10 μg/L).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144735"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145411076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144730
Rizza Ardiyanti , Kamal Azrague , Stein W. Østerhus , Blanca M. Gonzales-Silva , Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos , Cynthia Hallé
The growing demand for phosphorus recovery from wastewater has increased interest in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) processes. However, the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in EBPR-derived biosolids remains poorly understood. This study investigated the adsorption behavior of four PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTDA) in EBPR sludge and assessed the long-term soil risks following biosolid application. Results showed that PFAS adsorption was significantly influenced by the matrix type, with EBPR sludge exhibiting stronger adsorption than particulate matter in wastewater. Adsorption affinity followed the order: PFOA < PFOS < PFTDA < PFOSA, and was not affected by anaerobic and aerobic conditions or spiking levels. Log Kd values in EBPR sludge were 2.6 (PFOA), 3.3 (PFOS), 3.5 (PFTDA) and 4.1 (PFOSA), in L kg−1 VS. A 100-year risk assessment using relative potency factors (RPFs) for 19 PFAS compounds revealed that cumulative soil risk quotients (RQs) remained below 1 for both EBPR and baseline scenarios, with median RQs declining from 0.61 in year-1 to 0.43 and 0.38 by year-100 for baseline and EBPR scenarios, respectively. Sensitivity analysis identified initial soil concentrations, PFAS half-lives, and application rates as key risk drivers. Although EBPR increased PFAS partitioning into solids, it did not result in elevated soil risk compared to conventional treatment. These findings support the safe reuse of EBPR-derived biosolids under current application guidelines and underscore the importance of integrated risk assessments in wastewater resource recovery.
{"title":"Risk assessment and distribution of PFAS in a biological phosphorus recovery sludge used for agriculture","authors":"Rizza Ardiyanti , Kamal Azrague , Stein W. Østerhus , Blanca M. Gonzales-Silva , Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos , Cynthia Hallé","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The growing demand for phosphorus recovery from wastewater has increased interest in Enhanced Biological Phosphorus Removal (EBPR) processes. However, the fate of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in EBPR-derived biosolids remains poorly understood. This study investigated the adsorption behavior of four PFAS: perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), and perfluorotetradecanoic acid (PFTDA) in EBPR sludge and assessed the long-term soil risks following biosolid application. Results showed that PFAS adsorption was significantly influenced by the matrix type, with EBPR sludge exhibiting stronger adsorption than particulate matter in wastewater. Adsorption affinity followed the order: PFOA < PFOS < PFTDA < PFOSA, and was not affected by anaerobic and aerobic conditions or spiking levels. Log <em>K</em><sub>d</sub> values in EBPR sludge were 2.6 (PFOA), 3.3 (PFOS), 3.5 (PFTDA) and 4.1 (PFOSA), in L kg<sup>−1</sup> VS. A 100-year risk assessment using relative potency factors (RPFs) for 19 PFAS compounds revealed that cumulative soil risk quotients (RQs) remained below 1 for both EBPR and baseline scenarios, with median RQs declining from 0.61 in year-1 to 0.43 and 0.38 by year-100 for baseline and EBPR scenarios, respectively. Sensitivity analysis identified initial soil concentrations, PFAS half-lives, and application rates as key risk drivers. Although EBPR increased PFAS partitioning into solids, it did not result in elevated soil risk compared to conventional treatment. These findings support the safe reuse of EBPR-derived biosolids under current application guidelines and underscore the importance of integrated risk assessments in wastewater resource recovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144730"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Al-Haouz-Mejjate aquifer, a vital water resource in Morocco's semi-arid region, faces increasing pressure from agricultural intensification and climate variability. Despite its strategic importance for regional water security, previous studies have been limited by insufficient integration of multiple data sources and advanced computational methods, resulting in high uncertainty in recharge estimates. This study presents an integrated approach to constrain recharge estimation uncertainty by combining field data, geostatistics, machine learning, numerical modeling, and remote sensing to characterize aquifer dynamics over the period 1971–2024. The methodology incorporates 518 field pumping tests and lithological boreholes, Markov chain geostatistics, machine learning algorithms, and a calibrated 3D MODFLOW model, along with climate change scenarios and management strategies projected to 2040, to evaluate impacts on aquifer sustainability. Results indicate that total aquifer recharge increased from 343.05 Mm3/year in 1971 to 486.47 Mm3/year in 2024, while total discharge rose dramatically from 344.06 Mm3/year to 995.53 Mm3/year. The contribution from the High Atlas Mountains remained dominant at 65.3 % of total recharge, increasing to 317.69 Mm3/year, whereas rainfall infiltration and irrigation return flow reached 126.88 Mm3/year. Model simulations further reveal that aquifer storage depleted from approximately 17.15 billion m3 to approximately 8.08 billion m3 between 1971 and 2024, with maximum drawdowns exceeding 90 m. Future scenarios suggest that under current practices, storage could decline to approximately 4.2 billion m3 by 2040, with drawdowns reaching 100 m; however, a management scenario involving a 25 % reduction in groundwater extraction could decrease the maximum drawdown from 100 m to 82 m and reduce the area affected by dry conditions from 4 % to 1.5 % of the total aquifer area. Alternative interventions, such as artificial recharge (adding 221.79 Mm3/year) show similar potential benefits. These findings demonstrate that reducing extraction rates through efficient irrigation technologies, modified cropping patterns, and improved water management practices have the potential to effectively mitigate both current aquifer stress and potential climate change impacts.
{"title":"Advanced hydrogeological modeling to reduce uncertainty in groundwater recharge estimation in semi-arid aquifers: Case of Al-Haouz-Mejjate aquifer in Morocco","authors":"Lhoussaine El Mezouary , Mohamed Hakim Kharrou , Abdessamad Hadri , Abderrahman Elfarchouni , Younes Fakir , Lhoussaine Bouchaou , Abdelghani Chehbouni","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144743","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144743","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Al-Haouz-Mejjate aquifer, a vital water resource in Morocco's semi-arid region, faces increasing pressure from agricultural intensification and climate variability. Despite its strategic importance for regional water security, previous studies have been limited by insufficient integration of multiple data sources and advanced computational methods, resulting in high uncertainty in recharge estimates. This study presents an integrated approach to constrain recharge estimation uncertainty by combining field data, geostatistics, machine learning, numerical modeling, and remote sensing to characterize aquifer dynamics over the period 1971–2024. The methodology incorporates 518 field pumping tests and lithological boreholes, Markov chain geostatistics, machine learning algorithms, and a calibrated 3D MODFLOW model, along with climate change scenarios and management strategies projected to 2040, to evaluate impacts on aquifer sustainability. Results indicate that total aquifer recharge increased from 343.05 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year in 1971 to 486.47 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year in 2024, while total discharge rose dramatically from 344.06 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year to 995.53 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year. The contribution from the High Atlas Mountains remained dominant at 65.3 % of total recharge, increasing to 317.69 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year, whereas rainfall infiltration and irrigation return flow reached 126.88 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year. Model simulations further reveal that aquifer storage depleted from approximately 17.15 billion m<sup>3</sup> to approximately 8.08 billion m<sup>3</sup> between 1971 and 2024, with maximum drawdowns exceeding 90 m. Future scenarios suggest that under current practices, storage could decline to approximately 4.2 billion m<sup>3</sup> by 2040, with drawdowns reaching 100 m; however, a management scenario involving a 25 % reduction in groundwater extraction could decrease the maximum drawdown from 100 m to 82 m and reduce the area affected by dry conditions from 4 % to 1.5 % of the total aquifer area. Alternative interventions, such as artificial recharge (adding 221.79 Mm<sup>3</sup>/year) show similar potential benefits. These findings demonstrate that reducing extraction rates through efficient irrigation technologies, modified cropping patterns, and improved water management practices have the potential to effectively mitigate both current aquifer stress and potential climate change impacts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144743"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145403284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144733
Stanley Lutts , Nolan Regnier , Zahra Kiamarsi , Rania Zaghdoudi , Guillaume Debouche , Julie Goffette , Pierre Hainaut , Guy Foucart , Muhammad Kafi
To improve Miscanthus x giganteus phytoextraction efficiency, plants were grown for 16 weeks on an artificially spiked contaminated soil containing (in mg kg−1) 20 Cd, 300 Zn and 1000 Pb and treated with ethylenediamine-N,N′-disuccinic acid (EDDS; 1 g kg−1) and/or sprayed with cytokinin trans-zeatin riboside (CK; 100 μM). EDDS treatment increased heavy-metals bioavailability (by 76 % for Pb, 67 % for Cd and 60 % for Zn) and their accumulation in roots, rhizome, stems and leaves. It however drastically reduced plant growth in relation to a decrease in net photosynthesis (due to both stomatal and non-stomatal causes) and to hastening of the senescence processes (in relation to an increase in cell membrane relative leakage ratio and protease activity and a decrease in cell viability). EDDS increased root and leaf glutathione concentration and phytochelatin content. In contrast, CK treatment increased plant growth on contaminated soil, contributed to photosynthesis maintenance through an increase in stomatal conductance, and inhibited the leaf senescence. The low heavy-metal bioavailability in the soils limited heavy metal accumulation in CK-treated plants. CK reduced glutathione and decreased phytochelatin synthesis comparatively to EDDS treatment. The combined treatment (EDDS + CK) clearly increased tolerance to accumulated heavy-metals and maximized the bioconcentration factor (from 2.73, 1.17 and 0.035 in untreated plants to 3.99, 2.17 and 0.093 for Cd, Zn and Pb, respectively), the phytoextraction potential and the translocation factor. Simultaneous application of EDDS to the soils and trans-zeatin riboside spraying on the leaves thus allows to optimally conciliate heavy metal removal by phytoextraction and biomass production for energetical purposes.
{"title":"Simultaneous exogenous application of trans-zeatin riboside and EDDS: A powerful strategy to improve heavy metals phytoextraction efficiency by Miscanthus x giganteus L","authors":"Stanley Lutts , Nolan Regnier , Zahra Kiamarsi , Rania Zaghdoudi , Guillaume Debouche , Julie Goffette , Pierre Hainaut , Guy Foucart , Muhammad Kafi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To improve <em>Miscanthus x giganteus</em> phytoextraction efficiency, plants were grown for 16 weeks on an artificially spiked contaminated soil containing (in mg kg<sup>−1</sup>) 20 Cd, 300 Zn and 1000 Pb and treated with ethylenediamine-<em>N</em>,<em>N′</em>-disuccinic acid (EDDS; 1 g kg<sup>−1</sup>) and/or sprayed with cytokinin <em>trans</em>-zeatin riboside (CK; 100 μM). EDDS treatment increased heavy-metals bioavailability (by 76 % for Pb, 67 % for Cd and 60 % for Zn) and their accumulation in roots, rhizome, stems and leaves. It however drastically reduced plant growth in relation to a decrease in net photosynthesis (due to both stomatal and non-stomatal causes) and to hastening of the senescence processes (in relation to an increase in cell membrane relative leakage ratio and protease activity and a decrease in cell viability). EDDS increased root and leaf glutathione concentration and phytochelatin content. In contrast, CK treatment increased plant growth on contaminated soil, contributed to photosynthesis maintenance through an increase in stomatal conductance, and inhibited the leaf senescence. The low heavy-metal bioavailability in the soils limited heavy metal accumulation in CK-treated plants. CK reduced glutathione and decreased phytochelatin synthesis comparatively to EDDS treatment. The combined treatment (EDDS + CK) clearly increased tolerance to accumulated heavy-metals and maximized the bioconcentration factor (from 2.73, 1.17 and 0.035 in untreated plants to 3.99, 2.17 and 0.093 for Cd, Zn and Pb, respectively), the phytoextraction potential and the translocation factor. Simultaneous application of EDDS to the soils and <em>trans</em>-zeatin riboside spraying on the leaves thus allows to optimally conciliate heavy metal removal by phytoextraction and biomass production for energetical purposes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144733"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145402514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The rapid growth of nanotechnology has resulted in the widespread use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) across various industries, from agriculture to medicine, raising concerns about their environmental and biological impacts. This review highlights current research on genotoxic impacts of nanomaterials on plants. It emphasises mechanistic insights into nanoparticle uptake, including their entry into plant cells, interactions with organelles and biomolecules, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Metal-based nanoparticles (e.g., silver, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide) and carbon-based nanoparticles have been shown to induce DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative stress in various plant species. Mechanistic perspectives suggest that the properties of nanoparticles (size, shape, surface charge, and concentration) and plant-specific factors (species and growth stage) significantly influence genotoxic outcomes. Common biomarkers, including comet assays and micronucleus tests, demonstrate dose-dependent DNA strand breaks and mutagenic potential, even at low concentrations. While some engineered nanoparticles exhibit phytotoxic effects, others show ambiguous or adaptive responses, highlighting the complexity of nanoparticle-plant interactions. The review also addresses gaps in current knowledge, including long-term exposure effects, synergistic interactions with environmental stressors. By integrating multidisciplinary findings, this work emphasises the need for stringent risk assessment frameworks, sustainable nano-design, and advanced delivery system strategies to mitigate unintended ecological consequences while harnessing the benefits of nanotechnology. Future research directions should prioritise field studies, standardised protocols, and mechanistic models to reconcile disparities in existing data and inform regulatory policies.
{"title":"Nanoparticles and plant DNA damage: A review of Genotoxic mechanisms and research outlook","authors":"Swarnendra Banerjee , Priyadarshani Rajput , Iram Naz , Vicky Anand , Vishnu D. Rajput , Eetela Sathyanarayana , Avnish Chauhan , Saglara Mandzhieva , Tatiana Minkina , João Ricardo Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144731","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144731","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rapid growth of nanotechnology has resulted in the widespread use of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) across various industries, from agriculture to medicine, raising concerns about their environmental and biological impacts. This review highlights current research on genotoxic impacts of nanomaterials on plants. It emphasises mechanistic insights into nanoparticle uptake, including their entry into plant cells, interactions with organelles and biomolecules, and the generation of reactive oxygen species. Metal-based nanoparticles (e.g., silver, titanium dioxide, zinc oxide) and carbon-based nanoparticles have been shown to induce DNA damage, chromosomal aberrations, and oxidative stress in various plant species. Mechanistic perspectives suggest that the properties of nanoparticles (size, shape, surface charge, and concentration) and plant-specific factors (species and growth stage) significantly influence genotoxic outcomes. Common biomarkers, including comet assays and micronucleus tests, demonstrate dose-dependent DNA strand breaks and mutagenic potential, even at low concentrations. While some engineered nanoparticles exhibit phytotoxic effects, others show ambiguous or adaptive responses, highlighting the complexity of nanoparticle-plant interactions. The review also addresses gaps in current knowledge, including long-term exposure effects, synergistic interactions with environmental stressors. By integrating multidisciplinary findings, this work emphasises the need for stringent risk assessment frameworks, sustainable nano-design, and advanced delivery system strategies to mitigate unintended ecological consequences while harnessing the benefits of nanotechnology. Future research directions should prioritise field studies, standardised protocols, and mechanistic models to reconcile disparities in existing data and inform regulatory policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 144731"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144741
Lena Barascou , Devan Rawn , Whitney A. Qualls , Dena Oliva , Cody Prouty , Marianne Kozuch , Kaylin Kleckner , James D. Ellis , Cameron Jack
The use of ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito adulticides is common in Florida, USA, as ULVs are highly effective at controlling mosquitoes. Furthermore, many Florida mosquito control district personnel treat water bodies with mosquito larvicides. Currently, not much is known about how exposure to these chemicals in realistic field scenarios will impact overall honey bee colony strength. In this study, we determined the impact of field-realistic mosquito control practices on colony strength parameters by placing 15 honey bee colonies in three treated sites (five colonies per site) where mosquito control operators treated three to five times over three months. We also placed 15 colonies in three sites (five colonies per site) receiving no mosquito treatment applications (negative control sites). At the treated sites, Mosquitomist Two U.L.V.®, Naled®, and Vectobac12AS® in various combinations and timepoints were applied for mosquito control. Colony strength parameters were measured before and after the three-month evaluation period. Pollen, honey, adult bees, and brood were collected from all hives and analyzed to determine the residue levels of mosquito control products present in the hives. Mosquito control product residues were found at low concentrations in all sampled hive matrices across all treatments (ranging from 0.03 to 70.99 ng/g). No significant differences were observed in mortality or strength parameters between colonies located in treated and control sites, neither was a direct impact of a spray event observed on adult bee mortality. The resulting data can be used to inform future best management practices for mosquito control programs and apiculture.
{"title":"The effects of mosquito larvicides and adulticides applied via truck-mounted and aerial spray on western honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Florida, USA","authors":"Lena Barascou , Devan Rawn , Whitney A. Qualls , Dena Oliva , Cody Prouty , Marianne Kozuch , Kaylin Kleckner , James D. Ellis , Cameron Jack","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144741","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144741","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of ultra-low volume (ULV) mosquito adulticides is common in Florida, USA, as ULVs are highly effective at controlling mosquitoes. Furthermore, many Florida mosquito control district personnel treat water bodies with mosquito larvicides. Currently, not much is known about how exposure to these chemicals in realistic field scenarios will impact overall honey bee colony strength. In this study, we determined the impact of field-realistic mosquito control practices on colony strength parameters by placing 15 honey bee colonies in three treated sites (five colonies per site) where mosquito control operators treated three to five times over three months. We also placed 15 colonies in three sites (five colonies per site) receiving no mosquito treatment applications (negative control sites). At the treated sites, Mosquitomist Two U.L.V.®, Naled®, and Vectobac12AS® in various combinations and timepoints were applied for mosquito control. Colony strength parameters were measured before and after the three-month evaluation period. Pollen, honey, adult bees, and brood were collected from all hives and analyzed to determine the residue levels of mosquito control products present in the hives. Mosquito control product residues were found at low concentrations in all sampled hive matrices across all treatments (ranging from 0.03 to 70.99 ng/g). No significant differences were observed in mortality or strength parameters between colonies located in treated and control sites, neither was a direct impact of a spray event observed on adult bee mortality. The resulting data can be used to inform future best management practices for mosquito control programs and apiculture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144741"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144724
Mohsin Ali
Sewage sludge ash (SSA) offers a sustainable approach to waste valorization and low-carbon construction through its use in alkali-activated materials (AAMs). This review examines current research on SSA's chemical composition, pozzolanic reactivity, and role as a supplementary precursor in binder systems. Calcination at 850 °C enhances amorphous content and reactivity, promoting the formation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels when combined with fly ash, slag, or red mud. These gels are central to strength and durability, though performance is strongly influenced by precursor type, activator dosage, and curing conditions. Studies indicate that incorporating SSA can improve mechanical properties while reducing the carbon footprint of construction materials. However, unresolved challenges remain, including leaching risks, durability under varied environments, and the absence of standardized mix designs. Overall, SSA-based geopolymers show significant potential as eco-friendly alternatives to cement, but further research is required to establish safe, durable, and scalable applications.
污水污泥灰（SSA）通过在碱活性材料（AAMs）中的使用，为废物增值和低碳建筑提供了一种可持续的方法。本文综述了SSA的化学成分、火山灰反应性以及作为粘结剂体系补充前驱体的作用等方面的研究进展。850°C的煅烧提高了无定形含量和反应性，当与粉煤灰、矿渣或赤泥结合时，促进了N-A-S-H和C- a - s - h凝胶的形成。这些凝胶是强度和耐久性的核心，尽管性能受到前驱体类型、活化剂用量和固化条件的强烈影响。研究表明，加入SSA可以改善机械性能，同时减少建筑材料的碳足迹。然而，尚未解决的挑战仍然存在，包括浸出风险、不同环境下的耐久性以及缺乏标准化的混合设计。总的来说，基于ssa的地聚合物作为水泥的环保替代品显示出巨大的潜力，但需要进一步的研究来建立安全、耐用和可扩展的应用。
{"title":"Valorization of sewage sludge ash in alkali-activated materials: A comprehensive review of material properties, reactivity, and future sustainable applications","authors":"Mohsin Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sewage sludge ash (SSA) offers a sustainable approach to waste valorization and low-carbon construction through its use in alkali-activated materials (AAMs). This review examines current research on SSA's chemical composition, pozzolanic reactivity, and role as a supplementary precursor in binder systems. Calcination at 850 °C enhances amorphous content and reactivity, promoting the formation of N-A-S-H and C-A-S-H gels when combined with fly ash, slag, or red mud. These gels are central to strength and durability, though performance is strongly influenced by precursor type, activator dosage, and curing conditions. Studies indicate that incorporating SSA can improve mechanical properties while reducing the carbon footprint of construction materials. However, unresolved challenges remain, including leaching risks, durability under varied environments, and the absence of standardized mix designs. Overall, SSA-based geopolymers show significant potential as eco-friendly alternatives to cement, but further research is required to establish safe, durable, and scalable applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 144724"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144722
Manideep Pabba , Vengatesan M. Rangaraj , Fatema Ali AlShehhi , Srinivas Mettu , Fawzi Banat , Faisal Almarzooqi
Biofouling remains a critical challenge limiting the long-term performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. Here, we report a multifunctional mixed-matrix membrane by incorporating a silver-doped sepiolite intercalated graphene (AGS) nanohybrid into a polyether sulfone (PES) matrix via phase inversion. The hierarchical AGS hybrid, comprising 0D Ag nanoparticles, 1D sepiolite fibers, and 2D graphene layers, generates a lamellar porous architecture that enhances hydrophilicity, increases porosity, and suppresses bacterial adhesion. The optimized membrane (7.5 wt% AGS, P4) exhibited a 4.5-fold increase in pure-water flux (39.1 vs 8.7 L m−2 h−1 for pristine PES), high rejection of humic acid and BSA (>98 %), and excellent flux recovery after fouling (FRR: HA 94.5 %, BSA 89.9 %). Antibacterial assays demonstrated broad-spectrum efficacy with >95 % reduction in E. coli and P. aeruginosa and 98.2 % reduction in S. aureus, confirmed by SEM and confocal imaging that revealed suppressed adhesion and pronounced membrane damage on bacterial cells. These findings establish AGS as a single, multifunctional filler that simultaneously improves water permeability, antifouling, and antibacterial performance, offering a scalable pathway for next-generation ultrafiltration membranes.
生物污染仍然是限制聚合物超滤膜长期性能的关键挑战。在这里，我们报道了一种多功能混合基质膜，通过相转化将掺杂银的海泡石嵌入石墨烯（AGS）纳米杂化物掺入聚醚砜（PES）基质中。层次化AGS混合材料由0D银纳米颗粒、1D海泡石纤维和2D石墨烯层组成，形成了层状多孔结构，增强了亲水性，增加了孔隙度，抑制了细菌粘附。优化后的膜（7.5 wt% AGS, P4）纯水通量增加4.5倍（39.1 vs 8.7 L m - 2 h - 1），对腐植酸和BSA的截留率高（> 98%），污染后通量回收率高（FRR: HA 94.5%, BSA 89.9%）。抗菌试验显示出广谱效果，大肠杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌减少95%，金黄色葡萄球菌减少98.2%，通过扫描电镜和共聚焦成像证实，细菌细胞的粘附抑制和明显的膜损伤。这些发现表明，AGS是一种单一的多功能填料，可以同时提高透水性、防污和抗菌性能，为下一代超滤膜提供了可扩展的途径。
{"title":"Silver-doped sepiolite intercalated graphene hybrid incorporated polyether sulfone composite membranes for enhanced water flux and biofouling resistance","authors":"Manideep Pabba , Vengatesan M. Rangaraj , Fatema Ali AlShehhi , Srinivas Mettu , Fawzi Banat , Faisal Almarzooqi","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144722","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofouling remains a critical challenge limiting the long-term performance of polymeric ultrafiltration membranes. Here, we report a multifunctional mixed-matrix membrane by incorporating a silver-doped sepiolite intercalated graphene (AGS) nanohybrid into a polyether sulfone (PES) matrix via phase inversion. The hierarchical AGS hybrid, comprising 0D Ag nanoparticles, 1D sepiolite fibers, and 2D graphene layers, generates a lamellar porous architecture that enhances hydrophilicity, increases porosity, and suppresses bacterial adhesion. The optimized membrane (7.5 wt% AGS, P4) exhibited a 4.5-fold increase in pure-water flux (39.1 vs 8.7 L m<sup>−2</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> for pristine PES), high rejection of humic acid and BSA (>98 %), and excellent flux recovery after fouling (FRR: HA 94.5 %, BSA 89.9 %). Antibacterial assays demonstrated broad-spectrum efficacy with >95 % reduction in <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> and 98.2 % reduction in <em>S. aureus</em>, confirmed by SEM and confocal imaging that revealed suppressed adhesion and pronounced membrane damage on bacterial cells. These findings establish AGS as a single, multifunctional filler that simultaneously improves water permeability, antifouling, and antibacterial performance, offering a scalable pathway for next-generation ultrafiltration membranes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"392 ","pages":"Article 144722"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145361050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-23DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144734
Ze Yu Xiao , Chen Li , Wei Wu, Lei Ren, Hang Chen, Sheng Xu
Reservoir systems serve as critical conduits for terrestrial carbon transfer to aquatic ecosystems. However, research on the dynamics and sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in river-reservoir systems within plateau regions remains incomplete. This study centered on the upper Yellow River's terraced hydropower section (Longyangxia-Lijiaxia-Liujiaxia) and employed spectral analysis and stable carbon isotope techniques to examine DOC's spatial-temporal distribution and source allocation. Results showed: (1) DOC concentrations exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations, lowest in fall and highest in summer. This variation is likely closely related to precipitation patterns; spatially, the DOC concentration decreases and then increases along the course, with downstream DOC transport patterns altered due to the dam's blocking effect. (2) UV–Vis and EEM-PARAFAC analysis revealed low dissolved organic matter (DOM) humification, with endogenous sources predominating. Four types of fluorescent components were identified within the watershed: humic-like (C1, C2), fulvic-like (C3), and tryptophan-like (C4). (3) MixSIAR modeling results indicate that endogenous sources (e.g., algae) dominate contributions at 49.4 %, supplemented by exogenous terrestrial C3/C4 plant inputs at 29.3 %. Notably, the contribution from endogenous sources is more pronounced in summer, fall, and winter. This study elucidates the biogeochemical behavior of DOC in plateau rivers, providing evidence for carbon cycle research and the promotion of the "spectrum-isotope" combined method.
{"title":"Seasonal dynamics and source attribution of dissolved organic carbon in a representative river-reservoir system in plateau regions","authors":"Ze Yu Xiao , Chen Li , Wei Wu, Lei Ren, Hang Chen, Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2025.144734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoir systems serve as critical conduits for terrestrial carbon transfer to aquatic ecosystems. However, research on the dynamics and sources of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in river-reservoir systems within plateau regions remains incomplete. This study centered on the upper Yellow River's terraced hydropower section (Longyangxia-Lijiaxia-Liujiaxia) and employed spectral analysis and stable carbon isotope techniques to examine DOC's spatial-temporal distribution and source allocation. Results showed: (1) DOC concentrations exhibited significant spatial heterogeneity and seasonal variations, lowest in fall and highest in summer. This variation is likely closely related to precipitation patterns; spatially, the DOC concentration decreases and then increases along the course, with downstream DOC transport patterns altered due to the dam's blocking effect. (2) UV–Vis and EEM-PARAFAC analysis revealed low dissolved organic matter (DOM) humification, with endogenous sources predominating. Four types of fluorescent components were identified within the watershed: humic-like (C1, C2), fulvic-like (C3), and tryptophan-like (C4). (3) MixSIAR modeling results indicate that endogenous sources (e.g., algae) dominate contributions at 49.4 %, supplemented by exogenous terrestrial C3/C4 plant inputs at 29.3 %. Notably, the contribution from endogenous sources is more pronounced in summer, fall, and winter. This study elucidates the biogeochemical behavior of DOC in plateau rivers, providing evidence for carbon cycle research and the promotion of the \"spectrum-isotope\" combined method.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"391 ","pages":"Article 144734"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145360330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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