Chemosphere最新文献_第10页

Bismuth-based nanocomposites as potential materials for indoor air treatment 铋基纳米复合材料作为潜在的室内空气处理材料。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143539

Air pollution is a worldwide health hazard; thus, improving air quality is a demanding need. Photocatalysis is a robust strategy for air treatment. The boosted activity of the photocatalytic system depends on tuning their properties for the particular application. BiOX (X: Cl, I) compounds are emergent photocatalytic systems with numerous advantages for air treatment. However, their optical properties (E_g) and fast recombination of active species (e⁻/h⁺) limit their practical applications. In this study, we remark on the properties of BiOX-GO systems for indoor air purification. We use a microwave-activated solvothermal technique to synthesize the nanomaterials (NMs). BiOX NMs exhibit hierarchical 3D structures, crystallinity, and tunable optical absorption properties. BiOX-GO composites present an enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity due to the electron acceptor capacity of GO and modification of E_g. The indoor air disinfection capacity of the NMs ranked as follows: BiOCl-GO (96.7%) > BiOI-GO (96.2%) > BiOI (89.2%) > BiOCl (79%). The higher efficiency under visible light of BiOCl-GO can be related to the presence of oxygen vacancies, strong oxidation potential, and single crystalline phase of the materials. Due to the abundance and biocompatibility of bismuth-containing compounds, together with their enhanced visible light activity, BiOX become potent candidates for environmentally sustainable remediation technologies.

空气污染是一种全球性的健康危害；因此，改善空气质量是一项迫切的需求。光催化技术是一种强有力的空气处理策略。提高光催化系统的活性取决于针对特定应用调整其特性。BiOX（X：Cl，I）化合物是一种新兴的光催化系统，在空气处理方面具有诸多优势。然而，它们的光学特性（Eg）和活性物种（e-/h+）的快速重组限制了它们的实际应用。在本研究中，我们对用于室内空气净化的 BiOX-GO 系统的特性进行了评论。我们采用微波激活溶热技术合成了纳米材料（NMs）。BiOX NMs 具有层次分明的三维结构、结晶性和可调的光学吸收特性。由于 GO 的电子受体能力和 Eg 的改性，BiOX-GO 复合材料具有更强的可见光光催化活性：BiOCl-GO（96.7%）> BiOI-GO（96.2%）> BiOI（89.2%）> BiOCl（79%）。BiOCl-GO 在可见光下的效率较高，这可能与材料中存在氧空位、强氧化电位和单晶相有关。由于含铋化合物的丰富性和生物相容性，再加上其增强的可见光活性，BiOX 成为环境可持续修复技术的有力候选材料。

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引用次数: 0

Climate change influence on the trends of BFRs in the environment and food 气候变化对环境和食品中溴化阻燃剂趋势的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143578

Climate change poses new challenges for environmental protection and food safety. With reported consequences including warmer temperatures, melting of Alpine glaciers, higher sea levels, droughts, extreme rainfall events and increased surface UV radiation, concerns about the impact on food contaminants have been raised. While the effects of climate change on POPs were initially expected to have the biggest impact in the arctic region, given the intensity, frequency and spread of extreme weather events, global influence on environmental pollution and food safety is currently anticipated.

Warmer temperatures are expected to enhance the volatilization of POPs and influence their partitioning between soil, sediment, water and atmosphere, enhancing their mobility and their potential for long-range atmospheric transport. Floods and strong winds can cause dilution but also spread of pollutants to wider areas. Limited data are available for the impact of climate change on BFRs levels, trends and toxicity. BFRs are widely used to protect people from fire hazards. Numerous BFR containing products are disposed in landfills where climate change could possibly induce increased leaching and resulting impacts on the food chain. Heat and UV exposure can lead to degradation of novel polymeric BFRs with adverse environmental effects.

Long-term monitoring data are needed for feed, food and environmental compartments in order to evaluate climate change influence, which will also enable the development of prediction models specific for legacy and novel BFRs, for various climate change scenarios. Furthermore, there is a need to promote further discussion in the scientific community for the design of risk management and remediation activities for contaminated areas, in response to potential future conditions as the climate continues to change.

气候变化给环境保护和食品安全带来了新的挑战。据报道，气候变化的后果包括气温升高、阿尔卑斯冰川融化、海平面上升、干旱、极端降雨事件和地表紫外线辐射增加，因此人们开始关注气候变化对食品污染物的影响。虽然气候变化对持久性有机污染物的影响最初预计会在北极地区产生最大影响，但鉴于极端天气事件的强度、频率和传播范围，目前预计会对环境污染和食品安全产生全球性影响。气温升高预计会促进持久性有机污染物的挥发，并影响其在土壤、沉积物、水和大气之间的分配，增强其流动性和远距离大气迁移的潜力。洪水和强风会稀释污染物，但也会使污染物扩散到更广泛的地区。有关气候变化对溴化阻燃剂水平、趋势和毒性的影响的数据有限。溴化阻燃剂被广泛用于保护人们免受火灾危害。许多含有溴化阻燃剂的产品被丢弃在垃圾填埋场，而气候变化可能会导致沥滤增加，从而对食物链产生影响。热量和紫外线照射会导致新型聚合溴化阻燃剂降解，从而对环境造成不利影响。为评估气候变化的影响，需要对饲料、食品和环境区划进行长期监测数据，这也将有助于针对各种气候变化情景，开发专门针对传统和新型溴化阻燃剂的预测模型。此外，随着气候的不断变化，有必要促进科学界的进一步讨论，以便针对未来可能出现的情况，设计受污染地区的风险管理和补救活动。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of biological filtration by ascidians on microplastic composition in the water column 腹足类生物过滤对水体中微塑料成分的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143589

Plastic pollution, a widespread environmental challenge, significantly impacts marine ecosystems. The degradation of plastic under environmental conditions results in the generation of microplastic (MP; <5 mm) fragments, frequently ingested by marine life, including filter-feeders such as ascidians (Chordata, Ascidiacea). These organisms are integral to benthic-pelagic coupling, transporting MP from the water column through marine food web.

Here, we explored the effect of filtration and digestion by the solitary ascidian Styela plicata on the composition of MP in the water column and on the sinking rates of faecal matter, focusing on differences between two distinct plastics, polystyrene (PS) and the biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA). The ascidians efficiently removed 2–5 μm particles within 2 h of filtration. Following digestion and secretion process, PS concentrations in water increased while PLA concentration remained stable. Some particles were egested into the water column repackaged inside faecal pellets, which significantly increased the pellets' drag force and sinking velocity. Raman spectral analysis of digested MP revealed distinct spectrum alterations due to coating by organic substances. These findings highlight the role of ascidians — and other filter-feeders— in modifying the structure of MP in their environment. Research into such modifications is crucial for understanding the MP cycle and its consequences in marine environments.

塑料污染是一个普遍存在的环境挑战，对海洋生态系统造成了严重影响。塑料在环境条件下降解产生微塑料（MP；˂5 毫米）碎片，经常被海洋生物摄入，包括滤食性生物，如腹足类（脊索动物门，Ascidiacea）。这些生物是海底-深海耦合不可或缺的一部分，通过海洋食物网从水体中运输 MP。在这里，我们探索了独居腹足类 Styela plicata 的过滤和消化对水体中 MP 成分和粪便下沉率的影响，重点研究了聚苯乙烯（PS）和可生物降解的聚乳酸（PLA）这两种不同塑料之间的差异。在两小时的过滤过程中，腹足类能有效去除 2-5 μm 的颗粒。在消化和分泌过程中，聚苯硫醚的浓度增加，而聚乳酸的浓度保持稳定。一些颗粒被重新包装在粪便颗粒内排入水体，这大大增加了粪便颗粒的阻力和下沉速度。消化后的 MP 的拉曼光谱分析表明，由于有机物质的包裹，光谱发生了明显的变化。这些发现强调了腹足类和其他滤食性动物在改变其环境中 MP 结构中的作用。对这种改变的研究对于了解 MP 循环及其在海洋环境中的后果至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Efficiency of CaZn₂(OH)₆·2H₂O and ZnO nanoparticles in photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin after multiple cycles CaZn₂(OH)₆-2H₂O 和 ZnO 纳米粒子在多次循环后光催化降解阿莫西林的效率。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143577

The widespread use of antibiotics has increased their presence in wastewater, largely due to inadequate removal by conventional treatment methods. This highlights a critical need for effective degradation strategies to mitigate environmental and public health risks. This study reports the photocatalytic degradation of amoxicillin (AMX) using calcium zinc hydroxide dihydrate [CaZn₂(OH)₆·2H₂O] (CZ) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by different routes. X-ray diffraction results confirmed the formation of CZ NPs with an 81–95% crystalline phase, while ZnO NPs present a single crystalline phase. The photolysis of AMX under UV-A light (365 nm) was strongly pH-dependent, with degradation rates of 34.7, 5.7, and 4.2% observed at pH 3, 5, and 13, respectively. Maximum adsorption occurred at pH 3, with ZnO achieving 63–83.2% AMX removal and 23.5–47.1% in the case of CZ. The highest overall AMX removal was observed at pH 3, where adsorption dominated the photocatalytic process for both CZ and ZnO. At pH 5 and 13, degradation was primarily driven by photocatalysis in CZ materials, particularly CZ-HT and CZ-SG, while adsorption remained predominant in ZnO. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis indicates benzene ring cleavage in AMX photodegraded by CZ materials. Furthermore, the residues of photodegraded AMX by CZ materials lost antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the reuse of NPs over four cycles maintained consistent degradation performance, highlighting their potential for repeated applications. The comparative analysis of CZ and ZnO NPs superior photocatalytic efficiency of CZ in degrading AMX. This efficiency, along with its potential for repeated use, establish CZ as a promising material for environmental applications aimed at reducing antibiotic contamination and the associated risks of resistance development.

抗生素的广泛使用增加了其在废水中的存在，这主要是由于传统的处理方法不足以去除抗生素。这凸显了对有效降解策略的迫切需要，以减轻环境和公共卫生风险。本研究报告了使用二水氢氧化钙锌 [CaZn2(OH)6 - 2H2O] (CZ) 和通过不同途径合成的纳米氧化锌 (ZnO) 粒子 (NPs) 光催化降解阿莫西林 (AMX)的情况。X 射线衍射结果证实 CZ NPs 的形成具有 81% 至 95% 的结晶相，而 ZnO NPs 则呈现单结晶相。在 UV-A 光（365 纳米）下，AMX 的光解与 pH 值密切相关，在 pH 值为 3、5 和 13 时，降解率分别为 34.7%、5.7% 和 4.2%。最大吸附率出现在 pH 值为 3 时，氧化锌的 AMX 去除率为 63% 至 83.2%，而 CZ 的去除率为 23.5% 至 47.1%。在 pH 值为 3 时，AMX 的总体去除率最高，CZ 和 ZnO 的光催化过程都以吸附为主。在 pH 值为 5 和 13 时，CZ 材料（尤其是 CZ-HT 和 CZ-SG）的降解主要由光催化驱动，而 ZnO 的吸附仍占主导地位。质子核磁共振分析表明，CZ 材料光降解的 AMX 中存在苯环裂解现象。此外，CZ 材料光降解的 AMX 残留物失去了对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌的抗菌活性。此外，四次循环重复使用 NPs 可保持稳定的降解性能，突出了其重复应用的潜力。对 CZ 和氧化锌氮氧化物的比较分析表明，CZ 在降解 AMX 方面具有更高的光催化效率。这种效率及其重复使用的潜力，使 CZ 成为一种有望用于环境应用的材料，旨在减少抗生素污染和相关的抗药性发展风险。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of triflumezopyrim (insecticide) on blood and serum biochemistry of freshwater fish, subadult Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) 三氟甲嘧啶（杀虫剂）对淡水鱼亚成体 Labeo rohita（汉密尔顿，1822 年）血液和血清生物化学的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143554

The impact of insecticides on water bodies can be evaluated by studying the physiology and health of fish. These chemicals pose a significant and direct risk to aquatic ecosystems and hence aquatic animals like fish. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of sub-lethal concentrations of triflumezopyrim, a novel synthetic insecticide commonly used in crop protection, on the biochemical and hematological parameters of freshwater sub-adult Labeo rohita L. Here, fish were subjected to sub-lethal doses of triflumezopyrim at various concentrations (1.41 ppm, 3.27 ppm, and 4.97 ppm) for 21 days. In addition, fish were grown in an insecticide-free control group to determine the toxic effects of the insecticides. The obtained data on various biochemical and hematological parameters of the fish were analyzed using state-of-the-art statistics. Our findings suggest that triflumezopyrim exposure has a significant effect on blood variables. However, variable response, such as mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, and eosinophils were unaffected by insecticide treatment, regardless of the dose. Our interhematological parameter analysis revealed varying interrelationships at various insecticide doses. Similarly, triflumezopyrim exposure significantly affected the response of serum biomarker profiles i.e., the difference in mean treatment pairs (control and three doses of triflumezopyrim) had a significant effect on the response of most serum profile parameters.

For example, cholesterol response was inversely related to serological markers, including total protein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, under triflumezopyrim exposure. The relationship pattern and grouping dynamics of the blood and serum parameters changed drastically under various insecticide doses according to correlation and cluster analyses. Our results showed that repeated exposure of fish to various sub-lethal concentrations of triflumezopyrim negatively affected their physiology and serology, which is highly harmful to the organism.

可以通过研究鱼类的生理和健康状况来评估杀虫剂对水体的影响。这些化学品对水生生态系统以及鱼类等水生动物构成了重大的直接风险。因此，本研究旨在调查亚致死浓度的三氟甲嘧啶（一种常用于作物保护的新型合成杀虫剂）对淡水亚成体 Labeo rohita L 的生化和血液学参数的毒性影响。此外，还在不使用杀虫剂的对照组中养殖鱼类，以确定杀虫剂的毒性作用。我们使用最先进的统计学方法分析了所获得的鱼类各种生化和血液学参数数据。我们的研究结果表明，接触三氟甲嘧啶会对血液变量产生显著影响。不过，平均血球容积、血红蛋白浓度、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞等变量反应不受杀虫剂处理的影响，与剂量无关。我们的血液学参数分析表明，不同杀虫剂剂量下的相互关系各不相同。同样，接触三氟甲嘧啶也会显著影响血清生物标志物谱的反应，即平均处理对（对照组和三氟甲嘧啶的三种剂量）的差异会对大多数血清谱参数的反应产生显著影响。

{"title":"Impact of triflumezopyrim (insecticide) on blood and serum biochemistry of freshwater fish, subadult Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822)","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143554","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143554","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The impact of insecticides on water bodies can be evaluated by studying the physiology and health of fish. These chemicals pose a significant and direct risk to aquatic ecosystems and hence aquatic animals like fish. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the toxic effects of sub-lethal concentrations of triflumezopyrim, a novel synthetic insecticide commonly used in crop protection, on the biochemical and hematological parameters of freshwater sub-adult <em>Labeo rohita</em> L. Here, fish were subjected to sub-lethal doses of triflumezopyrim at various concentrations (1.41 ppm, 3.27 ppm, and 4.97 ppm) for 21 days. In addition, fish were grown in an insecticide-free control group to determine the toxic effects of the insecticides. The obtained data on various biochemical and hematological parameters of the fish were analyzed using state-of-the-art statistics. Our findings suggest that triflumezopyrim exposure has a significant effect on blood variables. However, variable response, such as mean corpuscular volume, hemoglobin concentration, neutrophils, and eosinophils were unaffected by insecticide treatment, regardless of the dose. Our interhematological parameter analysis revealed varying interrelationships at various insecticide doses. Similarly, triflumezopyrim exposure significantly affected the response of serum biomarker profiles i.e., the difference in mean treatment pairs (control and three doses of triflumezopyrim) had a significant effect on the response of most serum profile parameters.</div><div>For example, cholesterol response was inversely related to serological markers, including total protein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase, under triflumezopyrim exposure. The relationship pattern and grouping dynamics of the blood and serum parameters changed drastically under various insecticide doses according to correlation and cluster analyses. Our results showed that repeated exposure of fish to various sub-lethal concentrations of triflumezopyrim negatively affected their physiology and serology, which is highly harmful to the organism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nationwide profiling and source identification of organophosphate esters in Korean surface waters using target, suspect, and non-target HRMS analysis 利用目标、疑似和非目标 HRMS 分析对韩国全国地表水中的有机磷酯进行剖析和来源鉴定。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143579

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are emerging contaminants that serve as alternatives to regulated substances in aquatic environments. A nationwide large-scale assessment for OPEs, including point sources, remains insufficient. To address this issue, we aimed to investigate OPEs occurrence and novel OPEs via comprehensive target, suspect and non-target analysis. Among the 11 target OPEs, 10 were detected at sampling sites distributed evenly nationwide. The highest mean concentrations were measured for tris-(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP). The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that TBOEP and TCIPP are essential components for assessing total OPEs pollution. The systematic risk assessment results evaluated the overall risk contribution of TBOEP and the significant risk impact of 2-ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate. Promising suspect and non-target analysis enabled frequent detection and identification of 6 antioxidant transformation products (TPs), as well as the tentative identification of 14 OPEs and TPs, including 3 di-OPEs. Based on sampling site classification, we confirmed that major OPEs are significantly discharged near point sources. We believe that this is the first attempt to assess the nationwide risk and potential sources of OPEs in Korean surface waters, providing insights that could support further prioritization and regulation efforts.

有机磷酸酯 (OPE) 是一种新出现的污染物，可作为水生环境中受管制物质的替代品。针对 OPE（包括点源）的全国性大规模评估仍然不足。针对这一问题，我们旨在通过全面的目标、可疑和非目标分析，调查 OPEs 的发生情况和新型 OPEs。在 11 种目标 OPE 中，有 10 种是在全国均匀分布的采样点检测到的。平均浓度最高的是磷酸三（2-丁氧基乙基）酯（TBOEP）和磷酸三（2-氯异丙基）酯（TCIPP）。多元统计分析显示，磷酸三（2-丁氧基乙基）酯和磷酸三（2-氯异丙基）酯是评估 OPEs 总污染的重要组成部分。系统风险评估结果评估了 TBOEP 的总体风险贡献和 2-乙基己基二苯基磷酸酯的重大风险影响。通过对可疑目标和非目标的分析，我们发现并确定了 6 种抗氧化剂转化产物（TPs），并初步确定了 14 种 OPE 和 TPs，其中包括 3 种二 OPE。根据采样点分类，我们确认主要的 OPE 在点源附近有大量排放。我们认为，这是首次尝试评估韩国地表水中 OPE 的全国性风险和潜在来源，为进一步确定优先次序和监管工作提供了支持。

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引用次数: 0

Pesticide residues in common and herbal teas combined with risk assessment and transfer to the infusion 普通茶叶和花草茶叶中的农药残留与风险评估及向输液中的转移。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143550

The use of pesticides is permitted in tea cultivation, but many of them are withdrawn in Europe. The aim of this study was a comprehensive assessment of pesticide occurrence in common teas (black, green, red, white, and black flavored) and herbal teas (lemon balm and mint) and their transfer to the infusion. Among 603 pesticides, 24 were detected, of which 9 were withdrawn in Europe. Of the 64 tea samples, 47% had pesticide residues and 2% exceeded the European Maximum Residue Level (EU MRL; 572% for linuron/mint). The highest mean concentrations of the most common pesticides were 336 ng g⁻¹ (quizalofop-P-ethyl/mint), 108.4 ng g⁻¹ (MCPA/lemon balm), and 92.4 ng g⁻¹ (glyphosate/red tea). A short time of brewing (5 min) had a higher transfer factor (TF) of most pesticides to the infusion (TF = 0.85/thiacloprid), compared to 30 min brewing (TF = 0.75/thiacloprid). Moreover, the physicochemical properties of detected pesticides, mainly density and melting temperature had a crucial impact on their transfer to the infusion. Acute risk was the highest for linuron/mint/children (17% of Acute Reference Dose; ARfD). Despite the withdrawal of some pesticides in the EU, they are still detected in tea samples. The results are pivotal for human health and highlight the need for further legislative action for tea.

茶叶种植允许使用杀虫剂，但其中许多杀虫剂在欧洲已被禁用。这项研究的目的是全面评估普通茶叶（红茶、绿茶、红茶、白茶和黑茶）和花草茶（柠檬香脂和薄荷）中出现的杀虫剂及其向泡茶中的转移情况。在 603 种农药中，有 24 种被检测到，其中 9 种在欧洲被撤销。在 64 个茶叶样本中，47% 有农药残留，2% 超过了欧洲最大残留量（EU MRL；672% 用于利谷隆/薄荷）。最常见农药的最高浓度分别为 336 纳克/克（喹烯酮-P-乙基和利谷隆/薄荷）、134.4 纳克/克（氟虫脲/绿茶）和 120.8 纳克/克（噻虫嗪/黑茶）。与 30 分钟冲泡（TF=0.75/噻虫啉）相比，短时间冲泡（5 分钟）对大多数农药的转移因子（TF）较高（TF=0.85/噻虫啉）。此外，检测到的农药的理化性质，主要是密度和熔融温度，对其转移到输液中具有重要影响。利谷隆/毫升/儿童的急性风险最高（占急性参考剂量的 17%）。尽管欧盟已经停止使用某些农药，但在茶叶样本中仍能检测到它们。这些结果对人类健康至关重要，并强调了对茶叶采取进一步立法行动的必要性。

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引用次数: 0

Ethanol-mediated Anaerobic Digestion: Functional Bacteria and Metabolic Pathways 乙醇介导的厌氧消化：功能细菌、代谢途径。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143560

Ethanol-mediated Anaerobic digestion (Ethanol-AD) is a biological process that converts organic waste into biogas, predominantly composed of methane (CH₄), hydrogen (H₂), and carbon dioxide (CO₂), through the breakdown of complex organic materials while ethanol is an intermediate metabolite. Ethanol improves the digestion of complex organic waste by serving as an electron precursor for interspecies electron transfer, leading to enhanced biogas production. It further serves as a substrate for acetogens or syntrophic bacteria, while mean its oxidation leads to acetate formation, which methanogens can then consume to generate methane. Methanogenesis, the final and crucial step in the anaerobic digestion in which methanogens produce methane through various metabolic routes, most notably via the hydrogenotrophic and syntrophic pathways. In hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, methanogens consume hydrogen as an electron precursor and carbon dioxide as an electron acceptor, leading to methane generation. Alternatively, syntrophic methanogenesis, which is increasingly recognized for its efficiency, is dominated by DIET between syntrophic partners, bypassing the need for hydrogen as a mediator. This mode of electron transfer enhances the metabolic cooperation between microbes, facilitating a more efficient methanogenesis process. As research continues to explore the mechanisms underlying DIET and the role of (semi) conductive materials, there is potential for optimizing AD systems for renewable energy production by advancing the methanogenesis process, and enhancing biogas quality. The novelty of this review lies in its dual exploration of direct and indirect interspecies electron transfer (DIET and IIET) within ethanol-mediated anaerobic digestion. While DIET in ethanol-driven systems has been previously discussed, this review is the first to comprehensively examine the interplay between both direct and indirect electron transfer mechanisms, offering new insights into optimizing microbial interactions and improving methane production efficiency.

乙醇介导的厌氧消化（Ethanol-AD）是一种生物过程，它通过分解复杂的有机物将有机废物转化为沼气，沼气主要由甲烷（CH₄）、氢气（H₂）和二氧化碳（CO₂）组成，而乙醇则是中间代谢产物。乙醇作为种间电子传递的电子前体，可提高复杂有机废物的消化率，从而提高沼气产量。乙醇还可作为乙酸菌或合成细菌的底物，而乙酸氧化则会形成乙酸盐，甲烷菌可消耗乙酸盐生成甲烷。甲烷生成是厌氧消化的最后一步，也是关键一步，在这一步中，甲烷菌通过各种代谢途径产生甲烷，其中最主要的是通过富氢途径和合成途径。在嗜氢甲烷发生过程中，甲烷菌消耗氢作为电子前体，消耗二氧化碳作为电子受体，从而产生甲烷。另外，合成营养型甲烷发生的效率也日益得到认可，它主要通过合成伙伴之间的 DIET 进行，而不需要氢作为媒介。这种电子传递模式加强了微生物之间的代谢合作，促进了更高效的甲烷生成过程。随着研究人员继续探索 DIET 的内在机制和（半）导电材料的作用，有可能通过推进甲烷生成过程和提高沼气质量来优化厌氧消化（AD）系统，从而生产可再生能源。本综述的新颖之处在于它对乙醇介导的厌氧消化中的直接和间接种间电子传递（DIET和IIET）进行了双重探讨。虽然之前已经讨论过乙醇驱动系统中的直接和间接电子传递，但本综述是首次全面研究直接和间接电子传递机制之间的相互作用，为优化微生物相互作用和提高甲烷生产效率提供了新的见解。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluating fresh and hardened properties of mortar composite with different types of modified polyethylene terephthalate (PET) materials as additives: Modification effects, surface properties, shape factors 以不同类型的改性聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）材料为添加剂，评估砂浆复合材料的新鲜和硬化性能：改性效果、表面性能、形状因素。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143567

Plastic disposal has become a challenge due to its challenging degradability, and plastics recycling is one of the ideal methods. The utilization of recycled plastic in building materials has been widely researched as a possible way to store plastics permanently. An investigation on the modification and incorporation of polyethylene terephthalates (PET) on fresh and hardened properties of mortar composites (MCs) is performed in the study. The work provides understanding of the synergistic effects of plastic modification methods with different types of PET additives on MC properties and to explain behavior of modified PET in mortar composites. Modification methods include microwave radiation, chemicals oxidation and alkaline hydrolysis. These methods are applied on three types of structural PET materials (hard particles, hard strips and soft yarns). The properties of 0.5%–3% PET added MCs include workability, compressive strength (CS), flexural strength (FS) and toughness are determined. At 28 days, 3% hydrolysis-treated PET yarns significantly increased FS by 69.6% and improved toughness by almost 15 times while CS with 3% PET particles modified by microwave radiation and chemicals oxidation were comparable to the control.

塑料的降解性极具挑战性，因此塑料处理已成为一项挑战，而塑料回收利用则是理想的方法之一。回收塑料混凝土作为永久储存塑料的一种可能方法，已被广泛研究。本研究调查了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）的改性和掺入对砂浆复合材料（MC）新拌和硬化性能的影响。这项工作有助于了解塑料改性方法与不同类型 PET 添加剂对 MC 性能的协同效应，并解释改性 PET 在砂浆复合材料中的行为。改性方法包括微波辐射、化学氧化和碱性水解。这些方法适用于三种类型的 PET 结构材料（硬颗粒、硬条和软纱）。测定了添加 0.5% 至 3% PET 的 MC 的性能，包括可加工性、抗压强度（CS）、抗弯强度（FS）和韧性。28 天时，经 3% 水解处理的 PET 纱线的 FS 显著提高了 69.6%，韧性提高了近 15 倍，而经微波辐射和化学氧化改性的 3% PET 颗粒的 CS 与对照组相当。

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引用次数: 0

Simultaneous electrochemical removal of three microcystin congeners and sulfamethoxazole in natural water 同时电化学去除天然水中的三种微囊藻毒素同系物和磺胺甲噁唑。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-10-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143558

Microcystins (MCs), frequently detected in freshwater ecosystems, have raised significant human health and ecological concerns. New approaches are being developed to control and remove MCs. In this study, we examined factors influencing the efficacy of electrochemical oxidation as a means of control. Anode material (Pt/Ti, Ta₂O₅–IrO₂/Ti, SnO₂–SbO₂/Ti, boron-doped diamond (BDD/Si), anode surface area ratios and solution volumes, initial pollutant concentrations, and the co-existing antibiotic sulfamethoxazole (SMX) were investigated. MCs and SMX were dissolved in filtered Taihu Lake water to simulate the natural aquatic environment. The results showed that non-active anodes, lower initial concentration of MC, larger surface area ratio of cathode to anode, and smaller ratio of reaction solution volume to anode surface area could promote the degradation target pollutants. Under optimal conditions in this study, the degradation rates of MC-LR, MC-YR, MC-RR, and SMX each reached more than 90% within 6 h, and the removal efficiency of MC-YR was the highest among three congeners. The effect of SMX on the degradation of MC congeners depended mainly on their concentration differences, such that when the initial concentration of SMX was one to two orders of magnitude lower than microcystin, the presence of SMX would promote the degradation of MCs. In contrast, when the initial concentration of SMX was higher than that of microcystin by approximately an order of magnitude, sulfamethoxazole would inhibit the degradation of MCs by between 4.6% and 24.5%. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the three MC congeners were electrochemically degraded through aromatic ring oxidation, alkene oxidation, and bond cleavage on the ADDA (3-amino-9-methoxy-2,6,8-trimethyl-10-phenyldeca-4,6-dienoic acid) side chain. Notably, the removal of MCs was accompanied by a decline in the hardness of the reaction water. This study provided insights into electrochemical degradation of microcystins and antibiotics in natural water, offering suggestions for its practical application.

淡水生态系统中经常检测到的微囊藻毒素（MCs）已引起人类健康和生态方面的严重关切。目前正在开发控制和清除 MCs 的新方法。在本研究中，我们考察了影响电化学氧化作为一种控制手段的功效的因素。研究了阳极材料（Pt/Ti、Ta2O5-IrO2/Ti、SnO2-SbO2/Ti、掺硼金刚石（BDD）/Si）、阳极表面积比率和溶液体积、初始污染物浓度以及同时存在的抗生素磺胺甲噁唑（SMX）。将 MCs 和 SMX 溶于过滤后的太湖水中，以模拟自然水生环境。结果表明，非活性阳极、较低的 MC 初始浓度、较大的阳极与阴极表面积比以及较小的反应溶液体积与阳极表面积比均可促进目标污染物的降解。在本研究的最佳条件下，6 小时内 MC-LR、MC-YR、MC-RR 和 SMX 的降解率均达到 90% 以上，其中 MC-YR 的去除率是三种同系物中最高的。SMX 对 MC 同系物降解的影响主要取决于它们的浓度差异，当 SMX 的初始浓度比微囊藻毒素低一到两个数量级时，SMX 的存在会促进 MC 的降解。相反，当 SMX 的初始浓度比微囊藻毒素的初始浓度高出约一个数量级时，磺胺甲噁唑会抑制 MCs 的降解，抑制率在 4.6% 至 24.5% 之间。超高效液相色谱串联质谱分析表明，三种 MC 同系物通过芳环氧化、烯氧化和 ADDA（3-氨基-9-甲氧基-2,6,8-三甲基-10-苯基十-4,6-二烯酸）侧链上的键裂解发生电化学降解。值得注意的是，在去除 MCs 的同时，反应水的硬度也有所下降。这项研究为电化学降解天然水中的微囊藻毒素和抗生素提供了见解，并为其实际应用提供了建议。

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