Chemosphere最新文献_第6页

Seasonality, sources apportionment, human health risks assessments, and potential implications on the atmospheric chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-segregated aerosols from a Romanian metropolitan area 罗马尼亚大都市地区大小分隔气溶胶中多环芳烃的季节性、来源分摊、人类健康风险评估以及对大气化学的潜在影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143738

Cornelia Amarandei , Alina Giorgiana Negru , Cristina Iancu , Romeo Iulian Olariu , Cecilia Arsene

Urbanization and industrialization are important transformations shaping the current statement of the society, enhancing significantly the combustion emissions which are threatening the global climate system, air quality, and human health. These emissions contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are well known for their high toxicity. The present study is the first assessing the seasonal variation of 17 PAHs in size segregated fractions of atmospheric aerosol particles from a Romanian metropolitan area. In addition to sources apportionment and health risks, the potential role of PAHs on the atmospheric chemistry in the area was also addressed. Higher PAHs concentrations were determined in winter season, the highest values being quantified for benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. Each analyzed PAH exhibited a dominant peak in the accumulation mode (0.1–1.0 μm), with maxima at 381 nm. Gasoline combustion was identified as a significant contributor to the PAHs levels in the atmospheric aerosols from the area. Biomass-burning contributions were highlighted during the winter and autumn seasons. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model apportioned four PAHs sources, as follows: vehicular (31%), mixed combustion (33%), biomass and wood burning (19%), and coal and natural gas combustion (18%) sources. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis method revealed clear contributions to PAHs abundances from local and regional air masses. Alveolar region of adults seems to have the highest susceptibility for PAHs deposition. Values exceeding acceptable limits for carcinogenic risk throughout the year are associated with benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene etc. The present study can be considered as a reference in the region in order measures of mitigation and control for PAHs emission sources to be introduced.

城市化和工业化是塑造当前社会表述的重要变革，大大增加了燃烧排放物，对全球气候系统、空气质量和人类健康构成威胁。这些排放物中含有众所周知的高毒性多环芳烃（PAHs）。本研究首次评估了罗马尼亚大都会地区大气气溶胶微粒中 17 种多环芳烃的粒径分馏的季节性变化。除了评估来源和健康风险外，还研究了多环芳烃对该地区大气化学的潜在作用。冬季的多环芳烃浓度较高，其中苯并[b]荧蒽、苯并[a]芘和茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘的定量值最高。每种被分析的多环芳烃在累积模式（0.1-1.0 μm）下都会出现一个主要峰值，最大波长为 381 nm。汽油燃烧被确定为该地区大气气溶胶中多环芳烃含量的主要来源。在冬季和秋季，生物质燃烧的贡献突出。正矩阵因式分解（PMF）模型将多环芳烃分为以下四种来源：车辆（31%）、混合燃烧（33%）、生物质和木材燃烧（19%）以及煤炭和天然气燃烧（18%）。浓度加权轨迹（CWT）分析方法揭示了本地和区域气团对 PAHs 丰度的明显贡献。成人肺泡区域似乎最容易沉积多环芳烃。苯并[a]芘、苯并[b]荧蒽、茚并[1,2,3-cd]芘、苯并[a]蒽等的全年致癌风险值均超过了可接受的限值。本研究可作为该地区的参考，以便采取措施缓解和控制多环芳烃的排放源。

{"title":"Seasonality, sources apportionment, human health risks assessments, and potential implications on the atmospheric chemistry of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in size-segregated aerosols from a Romanian metropolitan area","authors":"Cornelia Amarandei , Alina Giorgiana Negru , Cristina Iancu , Romeo Iulian Olariu , Cecilia Arsene","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143738","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143738","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urbanization and industrialization are important transformations shaping the current statement of the society, enhancing significantly the combustion emissions which are threatening the global climate system, air quality, and human health. These emissions contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) which are well known for their high toxicity. The present study is the first assessing the seasonal variation of 17 PAHs in size segregated fractions of atmospheric aerosol particles from a Romanian metropolitan area. In addition to sources apportionment and health risks, the potential role of PAHs on the atmospheric chemistry in the area was also addressed. Higher PAHs concentrations were determined in winter season, the highest values being quantified for benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene. Each analyzed PAH exhibited a dominant peak in the accumulation mode (0.1–1.0 μm), with maxima at 381 nm. Gasoline combustion was identified as a significant contributor to the PAHs levels in the atmospheric aerosols from the area. Biomass-burning contributions were highlighted during the winter and autumn seasons. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) model apportioned four PAHs sources, as follows: vehicular (31%), mixed combustion (33%), biomass and wood burning (19%), and coal and natural gas combustion (18%) sources. Concentration-weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis method revealed clear contributions to PAHs abundances from local and regional air masses. Alveolar region of adults seems to have the highest susceptibility for PAHs deposition. Values exceeding acceptable limits for carcinogenic risk throughout the year are associated with benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[b]fluoranthene, indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene, benzo[a]anthracene etc. The present study can be considered as a reference in the region in order measures of mitigation and control for PAHs emission sources to be introduced.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143738"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations induces immunosenescenece by causing immunosuppression during the aging process 环境相关浓度的 6-PPD醌会在衰老过程中造成免疫抑制，从而诱发免疫衰老。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143719

Jingwei Wu , Shuhuai Shen , Dayong Wang

6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) could accelerate aging process. However, the underlying mechanism for the acceleration in aging process remains largely unclear. We aimed to examine the role of immunosuppression in 6-PPDQ in causing accelerated aging process in Caenorhabditis elegans. 6-PPDQ (0.1–10 μg/L) could decrease locomotion and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at both adult day-8 and day-12. 6-PPDQ at adult day-12 induced more severe immunosuppression reflected by decrease in expression of antimicrobial genes (lys-1, lys-7, spp-1, and dod-6) compared to that at adult day-8. Meanwhile, 6-PPDQ (10 μg/L) affected expressions of some transcriptional factor genes during the aging. Among them, at adult day-8, susceptibility to 6-PPDQ toxicity was caused by RNAi of daf-16, bar-1, elt-2, atf-7, skn-1, and nhr-8, and resistance to 6-PPDQ toxicity was induced by RNAi of daf-5, daf-3, and daf-12. Additionally, RNAi of daf-16, bar-1, elt-2, atf-7, skn-1, and nhr-8 caused more severe decrease in lys-1 and lys-7 expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, whereas decrease in lys-1 and lys-7 expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes was inhibited by RNAi of daf-5, daf-3, and daf-12. The 6-PPDQ toxicity and 6-PPDQ induced decrease in lys-1 and lys-7 expressions were further suppressed by RNAi of insulin ligand genes (ins-6, ins-7, and daf-28) and receptor gene daf-2. Therefore, immunosuppression-caused immunosenescenece mediated the acceleration in aging process in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, which was under the control of certain transcriptional factors.

6-PPD醌（6-PPDQ）可加速衰老过程。然而，加速衰老过程的内在机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。我们的目的是研究 6-PPDQ 中的免疫抑制在导致 elegans 加速衰老过程中的作用。6-PPDQ（0.1-10 μg/L）可降低成虫第8天和第12天的运动能力并增加活性氧（ROS）的产生。与成虫第 8 天相比，6-PPDQ 在成虫第 12 天诱导的免疫抑制更为严重，表现为抗菌基因（lys-1、lys-7、spp-1 和 dod-6）表达的减少。同时，6-PPDQ（10 μg/L）影响了衰老过程中一些转录因子基因的表达。其中，在成虫第8天，daf-16、bar-1、elt-2、atf-7、skn-1和nhr-8的RNAi会导致对6-PPDQ毒性的易感性，而daf-5、daf-3和daf-12的RNAi会诱导对6-PPDQ毒性的抗性。此外，daf-16、bar-1、elt-2、atf-7、skn-1 和 nhr-8 的 RNAi 会导致暴露于 6-PPDQ 的线虫体内 lys-1 和 lys-7 表达量的严重下降，而 daf-5、daf-3 和 daf-12 的 RNAi 会抑制暴露于 6-PPDQ 的线虫体内 lys-1 和 lys-7 表达量的下降。胰岛素配体基因（ins-6、ins-7 和 daf-28）和受体基因 daf-2 的 RNAi 进一步抑制了 6-PPDQ 的毒性和 6-PPDQ 诱导的 lys-1 和 lys-7 表达的下降。因此，免疫抑制引起的免疫衰老介导了暴露于 6-PPDQ 的线虫的加速衰老过程，而这一过程受某些转录因子的控制。

{"title":"6-PPD quinone at environmentally relevant concentrations induces immunosenescenece by causing immunosuppression during the aging process","authors":"Jingwei Wu , Shuhuai Shen , Dayong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143719","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>6-PPD quinone (6-PPDQ) could accelerate aging process. However, the underlying mechanism for the acceleration in aging process remains largely unclear. We aimed to examine the role of immunosuppression in 6-PPDQ in causing accelerated aging process in <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em>. 6-PPDQ (0.1–10 μg/L) could decrease locomotion and increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation at both adult day-8 and day-12. 6-PPDQ at adult day-12 induced more severe immunosuppression reflected by decrease in expression of antimicrobial genes (<em>lys-1</em>, <em>lys-7</em>, <em>spp-1</em>, and <em>dod-6</em>) compared to that at adult day-8. Meanwhile, 6-PPDQ (10 μg/L) affected expressions of some transcriptional factor genes during the aging. Among them, at adult day-8, susceptibility to 6-PPDQ toxicity was caused by RNAi of <em>daf-16</em>, <em>bar-1</em>, <em>elt-2</em>, <em>atf-7</em>, <em>skn-1</em>, and <em>nhr-8</em>, and resistance to 6-PPDQ toxicity was induced by RNAi of <em>daf-5</em>, <em>daf-3</em>, and <em>daf-12</em>. Additionally, RNAi of <em>daf-16</em>, <em>bar-1</em>, <em>elt-2</em>, <em>atf-7</em>, <em>skn-1</em>, and <em>nhr-8</em> caused more severe decrease in <em>lys-1</em> and <em>lys-7</em> expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, whereas decrease in <em>lys-1</em> and <em>lys-7</em> expressions in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes was inhibited by RNAi of <em>daf-5</em>, <em>daf-3</em>, and <em>daf-12</em>. The 6-PPDQ toxicity and 6-PPDQ induced decrease in <em>lys-1</em> and <em>lys-7</em> expressions were further suppressed by RNAi of insulin ligand genes (<em>ins-6</em>, <em>ins-7</em>, and <em>daf-28</em>) and receptor gene <em>daf-2</em>. Therefore, immunosuppression-caused immunosenescenece mediated the acceleration in aging process in 6-PPDQ exposed nematodes, which was under the control of certain transcriptional factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143719"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Simultaneous deammoniation and denitrification under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation 在真空紫外线辐照下同时进行脱氨和脱氮。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143707

Yuanzhong Lin , Shuang Liu , Yuxin Zeng , Wenqing Guo , Tao Guo , Lifeng Yin , Yunrong Dai

The oxidative nitrate (NO₃⁻) and reductive ammonium (NH₄⁺) constitute the common nitrogen pollution in water. However, the high energy barrier of the comproportionation reaction makes it challenging for the deammoniation and denitrification reactions to occur simultaneously. This study evaluated the performance of simultaneous deammoniation and denitrification under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. The results demonstrate that the reduction reaction of NO₃⁻ and the oxidation reaction of NH₄⁺ conform to the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with respective kinetic constants of 0.012 min⁻¹ and 0.002 min⁻¹. The presence of Cl⁻ and SO₄²⁻ inhibits the reduction of NO₃⁻, while HCO₃⁻ and CO₃²⁻ promote NO₃⁻ reduction and NH₄⁺ oxidation. The reaction mechanism of simultaneous NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ removal was proven through free radical capture and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. It was determined that NO₃⁻ was reduced to NO₂⁻, NH₄⁺, and N₂ by hydrated electrons (e_aq^–) in turn. While the free hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced by direct photolysis of water by VUV was identified as the key to the oxidation of NH₄⁺. When NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ coexist, they can capture e_aq^– and ·OH, respectively, thus avoiding the quenching of the two highly active species. Thus, energy waste is avoided and nitrogen removal efficiency is improved. The process study shows that the adjustment of the NO₃⁻ and NH₄⁺ ratio and the control of process conditions are essential for the synchronous conversion of nitrate and ammonium.

氧化型硝酸盐（NO3-）和还原型铵盐（NH4+）构成了水中常见的氮污染。然而，由于配比反应的能量障碍较高，因此同时进行脱氨和脱氮反应具有挑战性。本研究评估了在真空紫外线（VUV）照射下同时进行脱氨和脱硝反应的性能。结果表明，NO3- 的还原反应和 NH4+ 的氧化反应符合伪一阶反应动力学，动力学常数分别为 0.012 min-1 和 0.002 min-1。Cl- 和 SO42- 的存在抑制了 NO3- 的还原，而 HCO3- 和 CO32- 则促进了 NO3- 的还原和 NH4+ 的氧化。通过自由基捕获和电子自旋共振（ESR）实验证明了同时去除 NO3- 和 NH4+ 的反应机理。结果表明，NO3-依次被水合电子（eaq-）还原成 NO2-、NH4+ 和 N2。而紫外光直接光解水产生的自由羟基自由基（-OH）被认为是氧化 NH4+ 的关键。当 NO3- 和 NH4+ 共存时，它们可以分别捕获 eaq- 和 -OH，从而避免两种高活性物种的淬灭。因此，既避免了能源浪费，又提高了脱氮效率。工艺研究表明，调整 NO3- 和 NH4+ 的比例以及控制工艺条件对硝酸盐和铵的同步转化至关重要。

{"title":"Simultaneous deammoniation and denitrification under vacuum ultraviolet irradiation","authors":"Yuanzhong Lin , Shuang Liu , Yuxin Zeng , Wenqing Guo , Tao Guo , Lifeng Yin , Yunrong Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The oxidative nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) and reductive ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) constitute the common nitrogen pollution in water. However, the high energy barrier of the comproportionation reaction makes it challenging for the deammoniation and denitrification reactions to occur simultaneously. This study evaluated the performance of simultaneous deammoniation and denitrification under vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation. The results demonstrate that the reduction reaction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and the oxidation reaction of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> conform to the pseudo-first-order reaction kinetics, with respective kinetic constants of 0.012 min<sup>−1</sup> and 0.002 min<sup>−1</sup>. The presence of Cl<sup>−</sup> and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> inhibits the reduction of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>, while HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2−</sup> promote NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> reduction and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> oxidation. The reaction mechanism of simultaneous NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> removal was proven through free radical capture and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. It was determined that NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> was reduced to NO<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and N<sub>2</sub> by hydrated electrons (e<sub>aq</sub><sup>–</sup>) in turn. While the free hydroxyl radical (·OH) produced by direct photolysis of water by VUV was identified as the key to the oxidation of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. When NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> coexist, they can capture e<sub>aq</sub><sup>–</sup> and ·OH, respectively, thus avoiding the quenching of the two highly active species. Thus, energy waste is avoided and nitrogen removal efficiency is improved. The process study shows that the adjustment of the NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> ratio and the control of process conditions are essential for the synchronous conversion of nitrate and ammonium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143707"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in road dust of a tropical megacity in southern Vietnam: Implications on environmental management 了解越南南部热带大城市道路尘埃中多环芳烃的积累：对环境管理的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143700

Nguyen Duy Dat , Ngo Thi Thuan , Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang , Giang Tien Nguyen , Ly Sy Phu Nguyen

This study investigated the characteristics of 23 PAHs in road dust from various areas in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), focusing on spatial distribution, pollution levels, human health risks, and source apportionment. PAH levels in urban samples (residential and industrial sites) ranged from 208 to 7665 (μg/kg), significantly higher than background levels (135 ± 42.2 μg/kg). A west > east gradient in PAH distribution, particularly in crowded traffic intersections, suggested traffic activities as a major source. Pollution load indices indicated moderate to very high pollution in most urban sites. Incremental lifetime cancer risk assessments showed moderate to high risks, especially for children. Statistical analyses and diagnostic ratios identified vehicular emissions as the primary PAH sources, with Positive Matrix Factorization analysis attributing 46.6% to gasoline vehicles, 21.9% to diesel vehicles and petroleum evaporation, 18.3% to tar oil, and 10.2% to coal burning. This study fills a significant information gap on PAHs in road dust, which has not been previously reported in southern Vietnam, specifically in HCMC—a dynamic and rapidly developing city in Southeast Asia. The findings highlight the need for synchronized management and technical solutions to mitigate PAH risks in road dust, contributing valuable knowledge on PAH accumulation in a major southern city of Vietnam.

本研究调查了胡志明市（HCMC）不同地区道路灰尘中 23 种多环芳烃的特征，重点关注空间分布、污染水平、人类健康风险和来源分配。城市样本（住宅和工业用地）中的多环芳烃含量从 208 到 7665（微克/千克）不等，明显高于背景水平（135 ± 42.2 微克/千克）。多环芳烃的分布呈西高东低的梯度，尤其是在拥挤的交通路口，这表明交通活动是主要的污染源。污染负荷指数表明，大多数城市地点都存在中度到极重度污染。增量终生癌症风险评估显示，存在中度到高度风险，尤其是对儿童而言。统计分析和诊断比率确定车辆排放是多环芳烃的主要来源，正矩阵因式分解分析表明 46.6% 的多环芳烃来自汽油车，21.9% 来自柴油车和石油蒸发，18.3% 来自焦油，10.2% 来自燃煤。这项研究填补了越南南部，特别是胡志明市--东南亚一个充满活力且发展迅速的城市--道路扬尘中多环芳烃含量的重大信息空白。研究结果强调了同步管理和技术解决方案的必要性，以降低道路扬尘中的多环芳烃风险，为越南南部主要城市多环芳烃的积累提供了宝贵的知识。

{"title":"Understanding polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon accumulation in road dust of a tropical megacity in southern Vietnam: Implications on environmental management","authors":"Nguyen Duy Dat , Ngo Thi Thuan , Nhung Thi-Tuyet Hoang , Giang Tien Nguyen , Ly Sy Phu Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143700","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143700","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the characteristics of 23 PAHs in road dust from various areas in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), focusing on spatial distribution, pollution levels, human health risks, and source apportionment. PAH levels in urban samples (residential and industrial sites) ranged from 208 to 7665 (μg/kg), significantly higher than background levels (135 ± 42.2 μg/kg). A west > east gradient in PAH distribution, particularly in crowded traffic intersections, suggested traffic activities as a major source. Pollution load indices indicated moderate to very high pollution in most urban sites. Incremental lifetime cancer risk assessments showed moderate to high risks, especially for children. Statistical analyses and diagnostic ratios identified vehicular emissions as the primary PAH sources, with Positive Matrix Factorization analysis attributing 46.6% to gasoline vehicles, 21.9% to diesel vehicles and petroleum evaporation, 18.3% to tar oil, and 10.2% to coal burning. This study fills a significant information gap on PAHs in road dust, which has not been previously reported in southern Vietnam, specifically in HCMC—a dynamic and rapidly developing city in Southeast Asia. The findings highlight the need for synchronized management and technical solutions to mitigate PAH risks in road dust, contributing valuable knowledge on PAH accumulation in a major southern city of Vietnam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143700"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The application of a drop-tube reactor for fast pyrolysis of agricultural biomass: An effective way to valuable products 应用滴管反应器快速热解农业生物质：获得有价值产品的有效途径。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143698

Artur Bieniek, Małgorzata Sieradzka, Mariusz Wądrzyk, Wojciech Jerzak, Aneta Magdziarz

引用次数: 0

Applications of artificial intelligence for chemical analysis and monitoring of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water and wastewater: A review 人工智能在水和废水中药物和个人护理产品化学分析和监测中的应用：综述。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143692

Babak Kavianpour , Farzad Piadeh , Mohammad Gheibi , Atiyeh Ardakanian , Kourosh Behzadian , Luiza C. Campos

Specifying and interpreting the occurrence of emerging pollutants is essential for assessing treatment processes and plants, conducting wastewater-based epidemiology, and advancing environmental toxicology research. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied to enhance chemical analysis and monitoring of contaminants in environmental water and wastewater. However, their specific roles targeting pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have not been reviewed sufficiently. This review aims to narrow the gap by highlighting, scoping, and discussing the incorporation of AI during the detection and quantification of PPCPs when utilising chemical analysis equipment and interpreting their monitoring data for the first time.

In the chemical analysis of PPCPs, AI-assisted prediction of chromatographic retention times and collision cross-sections (CCS) in suspect and non-target screenings using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enhances detection confidence, reduces analysis time, and lowers costs. AI also aids in interpreting spectroscopic analysis results. However, this approach still cannot be applied in all matrices, as it offers lower sensitivity than liquid chromatography coupled with tandem or HRMS.

For the interpretation of monitoring of PPCPs, unsupervised AI methods have recently presented the capacity to survey regional or national community health and socioeconomic factors. Nevertheless, as a challenge, long-term monitoring data sources are not given in the literature, and more comparative AI studies are needed for both chemical analysis and monitoring. Finally, AI assistance anticipates more frequent applications of CCS prediction to enhance detection confidence and the use of AI methods in data processing for wastewater-based epidemiology and community health surveillance.

明确和解释新出现的污染物对于评估处理工艺和工厂、开展基于废水的流行病学研究以及推进环境毒理学研究至关重要。近年来，人工智能（AI）被越来越多地应用于加强对环境用水和废水中污染物的化学分析和监测。然而，针对药品和个人护理产品（PPCPs）的具体作用还没有得到充分的研究。本综述旨在通过强调、界定和讨论在利用化学分析设备检测和量化 PPCPs 以及首次解释其监测数据过程中人工智能的作用来缩小这一差距。在 PPCPs 的化学分析中，使用高分辨率质谱（HRMS）对可疑和非目标筛选中的色谱保留时间和碰撞截面（CCS）进行人工智能辅助预测，可提高检测可信度、缩短分析时间并降低成本。人工智能还有助于解释光谱分析结果。不过，这种方法仍不能适用于所有基质，因为它的灵敏度低于液相色谱法与串联质谱法或高分辨质谱法。在解释 PPCPs 的监测方面，无监督人工智能方法最近已具备了调查区域或国家社区健康和社会经济因素的能力。然而，作为一项挑战，文献中没有提供长期监测数据来源，因此需要对化学分析和监测进行更多的人工智能比较研究。最后，人工智能援助预计将更频繁地应用碳捕获和储存预测，以提高检测可信度，并将人工智能方法用于基于废水的流行病学和社区健康监测的数据处理。

{"title":"Applications of artificial intelligence for chemical analysis and monitoring of pharmaceutical and personal care products in water and wastewater: A review","authors":"Babak Kavianpour , Farzad Piadeh , Mohammad Gheibi , Atiyeh Ardakanian , Kourosh Behzadian , Luiza C. Campos","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143692","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Specifying and interpreting the occurrence of emerging pollutants is essential for assessing treatment processes and plants, conducting wastewater-based epidemiology, and advancing environmental toxicology research. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been increasingly applied to enhance chemical analysis and monitoring of contaminants in environmental water and wastewater. However, their specific roles targeting pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have not been reviewed sufficiently. This review aims to narrow the gap by highlighting, scoping, and discussing the incorporation of AI during the detection and quantification of PPCPs when utilising chemical analysis equipment and interpreting their monitoring data for the first time.</div><div>In the chemical analysis of PPCPs, AI-assisted prediction of chromatographic retention times and collision cross-sections (CCS) in suspect and non-target screenings using high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) enhances detection confidence, reduces analysis time, and lowers costs. AI also aids in interpreting spectroscopic analysis results. However, this approach still cannot be applied in all matrices, as it offers lower sensitivity than liquid chromatography coupled with tandem or HRMS.</div><div>For the interpretation of monitoring of PPCPs, unsupervised AI methods have recently presented the capacity to survey regional or national community health and socioeconomic factors. Nevertheless, as a challenge, long-term monitoring data sources are not given in the literature, and more comparative AI studies are needed for both chemical analysis and monitoring. Finally, AI assistance anticipates more frequent applications of CCS prediction to enhance detection confidence and the use of AI methods in data processing for wastewater-based epidemiology and community health surveillance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143692"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon flow allocation patterns of CH4, CO2, and biomass production vary with sewage and sediment microbial and biochemical factors in the anaerobic sewer environment 厌氧下水道环境中 CH4、CO2 和生物量产生的碳流分配模式随污水和沉积物中微生物和生化因素的变化而变化。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143744

Jianfeng Ye , Yi Zhu , Hao Chen , Yunhan Nie , Jinxu Zhang , Yu Chen , Yali Guo , Ning Fang

Understanding the carbon (C) fate in municipal sewers is imperative for optimizing current sewer-C-degradation control and treatment efficiency, aligning with China's C-neutrality strategy in determining the exact C budget of the wastewater system. This study used laboratory batch tests mimicking the anaerobic sewer environment and sewage-sediment stratification to evaluate C flow allocation (CFA) patterns in response to biotic and abiotic variables. We quantified the C equivalent mass (CEM) and used absolute quantitative 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbiome. The substantial methane production (CH₄, 17.2%–18.8%) required both activated sediment and exogenous C, while biomass production (BP, 63.1%–74.9%) formed C sink predominated as the main CFA direction under the stratified state. This was supported by the high diversity, interspecific interactions, and metabolic capacity of the sediment microbiome. However, CH₄ and BP patterns demonstrated non-synchronicity and opposite dynamic characteristics. Carbon dioxide (CO₂, 64.0%–81.3%) production dominated the sewage CFA. The absolute abundance of the sediment microbiome, which was 5.6 times higher than that of the sewage, exhibited a strong increase in magnitude across the phases. It was primarily associated with biomass growth and N metabolism, whereas sewage showed differentiated and competing communities and appeared to act mainly as the exogenous C sources. We constructed a binary quadratic linear model revealing the non-linear relationship between ACK activity, DOC degradation rate, and CEM_CH4 rate; the former maintained low CH₄ production when the available substrate was insufficient. The influence of N and S factors on the CFA is complex and multi-faceted. These findings highlight the importance of further investigations into the process-based framework of the sewer C budget, focusing on the C source-emission-sink functions and mass balance.

了解城市下水道中碳（C）的归宿对于优化当前的下水道碳降解控制和处理效率至关重要，这也符合中国的碳中性战略，即确定污水系统的确切碳预算。本研究采用模拟厌氧污水环境和污水-沉积物分层的实验室批量试验来评估碳流分配（CFA）模式对生物和非生物变量的响应。我们对碳当量质量（CEM）进行了量化，并使用绝对定量的 16S rRNA 基因扩增片段测序来描述微生物群的特征。在分层状态下，大量甲烷的产生（CH4，17.2%-18.8%）需要活化沉积物和外源 C，而生物量的产生（BP，63.1%-74.9%）形成的 C 汇是主要的 CFA 方向。沉积物微生物群的高多样性、种间相互作用和代谢能力支持了这一点。然而，CH4 和 BP 模式表现出不同步和相反的动态特征。二氧化碳（CO2，64.0%-81.3%）的产生在污水 CFA 中占主导地位。沉积物微生物组的绝对丰度是污水微生物组的 5.6 倍，在各个阶段都呈现出强劲的增长。沉积物微生物群落主要与生物量增长和氮代谢有关，而污水微生物群落则呈现出分化和竞争的特点，似乎主要作为外源碳源。我们构建了一个二元二次线性模型，揭示了 ACK 活性、DOC 降解率和 CEMCH4 率之间的非线性关系；当可用基质不足时，前者能维持较低的 CH4 产量。氮和硫因子对 CFA 的影响是复杂和多方面的。这些发现强调了进一步研究基于过程的下水道碳预算框架的重要性，重点是碳源-排放-吸收功能和质量平衡。

{"title":"Carbon flow allocation patterns of CH4, CO2, and biomass production vary with sewage and sediment microbial and biochemical factors in the anaerobic sewer environment","authors":"Jianfeng Ye , Yi Zhu , Hao Chen , Yunhan Nie , Jinxu Zhang , Yu Chen , Yali Guo , Ning Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143744","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143744","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the carbon (C) fate in municipal sewers is imperative for optimizing current sewer-C-degradation control and treatment efficiency, aligning with China's C-neutrality strategy in determining the exact C budget of the wastewater system. This study used laboratory batch tests mimicking the anaerobic sewer environment and sewage-sediment stratification to evaluate C flow allocation (CFA) patterns in response to biotic and abiotic variables. We quantified the C equivalent mass (CEM) and used absolute quantitative 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to characterize the microbiome. The substantial methane production (CH<sub>4</sub>, 17.2%–18.8%) required both activated sediment and exogenous C, while biomass production (BP, 63.1%–74.9%) formed C sink predominated as the main CFA direction under the stratified state. This was supported by the high diversity, interspecific interactions, and metabolic capacity of the sediment microbiome. However, CH<sub>4</sub> and BP patterns demonstrated non-synchronicity and opposite dynamic characteristics. Carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>, 64.0%–81.3%) production dominated the sewage CFA. The absolute abundance of the sediment microbiome, which was 5.6 times higher than that of the sewage, exhibited a strong increase in magnitude across the phases. It was primarily associated with biomass growth and N metabolism, whereas sewage showed differentiated and competing communities and appeared to act mainly as the exogenous C sources. We constructed a binary quadratic linear model revealing the non-linear relationship between ACK activity, DOC degradation rate, and CEM<sub>CH4</sub> rate; the former maintained low CH<sub>4</sub> production when the available substrate was insufficient. The influence of N and S factors on the CFA is complex and multi-faceted. These findings highlight the importance of further investigations into the process-based framework of the sewer C budget, focusing on the C source-emission-sink functions and mass balance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143744"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in Zurich, Switzerland: Sources, composition, and implication for secondary aerosol formation 瑞士苏黎世含氧挥发性有机化合物的特征：来源、成分以及对二次气溶胶形成的影响。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143686

Liwei Wang , Jay G. Slowik , Felix Klein , Giulia Stefenelli , Veronika Pospisilova , Yandong Tong , Urs Baltensperger , André S.H. Prévôt

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of vital importance in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Understanding SOA formation remains challenging, requiring further investigation of both oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and SOA composition with novel measurement techniques. In this work, we deployed a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure VOCs and their oxidation products in urban Zurich in summer 2016. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment method identified five sources, including two primary sources (traffic and local), and three OVOC sources associated with different oxidation processes in the atmosphere. Together with the deployment of an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS), this enabled a detailed understanding of the SOA components which were dominated by biogenic SOA and distinguished by daytime and nighttime chemistry. The combination of the two instruments provided new insights in the understanding of atmospheric processes by comparison of molecular-level secondary components between gas phase and particle phase. In the gas phase, two OVOC factors (32.1% and 16.7%) showed strong influence from the oxidation of aromatic compounds, exhibiting low atomic H to C ratios, and were distinguished by daytime and night-time chemistry. The third OVOC factor (19.3%) was characterized by strong biogenic influence. Similar temporal variations were found for the gas and aerosol phase, indicating co-evolution of OVOCs and SOA in summer. Besides, comparisons of OVOC compounds and SOA composition exhibited similar H to C ratio distributions for both the gas phase and particle phase.

挥发性有机化合物（VOC）对二次有机气溶胶（SOA）的形成至关重要。了解 SOA 的形成仍然具有挑战性，需要利用新型测量技术进一步研究含氧挥发性有机化合物（OVOC）和 SOA 的组成。在这项工作中，我们部署了一台质子转移反应飞行时间质谱仪（PTR-TOF-MS），以测量 2016 年夏季苏黎世市区的 VOCs 及其氧化产物。正矩阵因式分解（PMF）源分配方法确定了五个来源，包括两个主要来源（交通和本地）和三个与大气中不同氧化过程相关的 OVOC 来源。结合使用萃取电喷雾飞行时间质谱仪（EESI-TOF-MS），可以详细了解以生物源 SOA 为主的 SOA 成分，并区分白天和夜间的化学成分。通过比较气相和粒子相的分子级次要成分，两台仪器的结合为了解大气过程提供了新的视角。在气相中，两个 OVOC 因子（32.1% 和 16.7%）受到芳香族化合物氧化的强烈影响，表现出较低的原子 H 与 C 比率，并通过白天和夜间的化学性质加以区分。第三个 OVOC 因子（19.3%）的特点是受到强烈的生物影响。气体和气溶胶阶段也有类似的时间变化，表明夏季 OVOCs 和 SOA 的共同演变。此外，对 OVOCs 化合物和 SOA 成分的比较显示，气相和颗粒相的 H 与 C 比率分布相似。

{"title":"Characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds in Zurich, Switzerland: Sources, composition, and implication for secondary aerosol formation","authors":"Liwei Wang , Jay G. Slowik , Felix Klein , Giulia Stefenelli , Veronika Pospisilova , Yandong Tong , Urs Baltensperger , André S.H. Prévôt","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are of vital importance in the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). Understanding SOA formation remains challenging, requiring further investigation of both oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and SOA composition with novel measurement techniques. In this work, we deployed a proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-TOF-MS) to measure VOCs and their oxidation products in urban Zurich in summer 2016. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment method identified five sources, including two primary sources (traffic and local), and three OVOC sources associated with different oxidation processes in the atmosphere. Together with the deployment of an extractive electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (EESI-TOF-MS), this enabled a detailed understanding of the SOA components which were dominated by biogenic SOA and distinguished by daytime and nighttime chemistry. The combination of the two instruments provided new insights in the understanding of atmospheric processes by comparison of molecular-level secondary components between gas phase and particle phase. In the gas phase, two OVOC factors (32.1% and 16.7%) showed strong influence from the oxidation of aromatic compounds, exhibiting low atomic H to C ratios, and were distinguished by daytime and night-time chemistry. The third OVOC factor (19.3%) was characterized by strong biogenic influence. Similar temporal variations were found for the gas and aerosol phase, indicating co-evolution of OVOCs and SOA in summer. Besides, comparisons of OVOC compounds and SOA composition exhibited similar H to C ratio distributions for both the gas phase and particle phase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143686"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142633908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enhanced bactericidal effects of povidone-iodine in the presence of silver ions 聚维酮碘在银离子存在下的杀菌效果增强。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143734

Jiyoon Cho, Dongwoo Kang, Uimin Kong, Juri Lee, Joohyun Kim, Changha Lee

The rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections worldwide necessitates the development of innovative antimicrobial systems for effective pathogen control. This study investigates the synergistic bactericidal effects of a combined system comprising povidone-iodine (PVP–I) and silver ions (Ag(I)). The PVP-I/Ag(I) system exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity against four key surrogate bacterial species: two Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa), and two Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis). Our experiments revealed that Ag(I) interacts with iodide ions (I⁻) to form silver iodide (AgI). This reaction promotes the formation of hypoiodous acid (HOI), a more potent bactericidal agent than other reactive iodine species (RIS), by shifting the equilibrium of RIS released from PVP-I. Under representative conditions ([PVP-I]₀ = 1 mg/L, [Ag(I)]₀ = 5 μM, pH = 7.3), the concentration of HOI in the PVP-I/Ag(I) system was 2.4–3.9 times higher than in the PVP-I system alone, aligning with theoretical predictions. The bactericidal efficacy of the PVP-I/Ag(I) system was influenced by pH variations, affecting HOI formation. This system represents a promising tool for rapid and effective microbial control, potentially enhancing public health outcomes.

随着全球抗生素耐药性感染率的上升，有必要开发创新的抗菌系统，以有效控制病原体。本研究探讨了聚维酮碘 (PVP-I) 和银离子 (Ag(I)) 组合系统的协同杀菌效果。PVP-I/Ag(I) 系统对四种关键的代用细菌表现出更强的杀菌活性：两种革兰氏阴性细菌，即大肠杆菌（E. coli）和铜绿假单胞菌（P. aeruginosa），以及两种革兰氏阳性细菌，即金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus）和枯草杆菌（B. subtilis）。我们的实验发现，Ag（I）与碘离子（I-）相互作用形成碘化银（AgI）。这种反应通过改变从 PVP-I 中释放的 RIS 的平衡，促进了次碘酸（HOI）的形成，次碘酸是一种比其他活性碘物种（RIS）更强的杀菌剂。在代表性条件下（[PVP-I]0 = 1 mg/L，[Ag(I)]0 = 5 μM，pH = 7.3），PVP-I/Ag(I)体系中的 HOI 浓度是单独 PVP-I 体系中的 2.4-3.9 倍，与理论预测一致。PVP-I/Ag(I) 系统的杀菌效果受 pH 值变化的影响，影响 HOI 的形成。该系统是一种很有前途的工具，可用于快速有效地控制微生物，从而提高公共卫生成果。

{"title":"Enhanced bactericidal effects of povidone-iodine in the presence of silver ions","authors":"Jiyoon Cho, Dongwoo Kang, Uimin Kong, Juri Lee, Joohyun Kim, Changha Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistant infections worldwide necessitates the development of innovative antimicrobial systems for effective pathogen control. This study investigates the synergistic bactericidal effects of a combined system comprising povidone-iodine (PVP–I) and silver ions (Ag(I)). The PVP-I/Ag(I) system exhibited enhanced bactericidal activity against four key surrogate bacterial species: two Gram-negative bacteria, <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> (<em>P. aeruginosa</em>), and two Gram-positive bacteria, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (<em>S. aureus</em>) and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> (<em>B. subtilis</em>). Our experiments revealed that Ag(I) interacts with iodide ions (I<sup>−</sup>) to form silver iodide (AgI). This reaction promotes the formation of hypoiodous acid (HOI), a more potent bactericidal agent than other reactive iodine species (RIS), by shifting the equilibrium of RIS released from PVP-I. Under representative conditions ([PVP-I]<sub>0</sub> = 1 mg/L, [Ag(I)]<sub>0</sub> = 5 μM, pH = 7.3), the concentration of HOI in the PVP-I/Ag(I) system was 2.4–3.9 times higher than in the PVP-I system alone, aligning with theoretical predictions. The bactericidal efficacy of the PVP-I/Ag(I) system was influenced by pH variations, affecting HOI formation. This system represents a promising tool for rapid and effective microbial control, potentially enhancing public health outcomes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"368 ","pages":"Article 143734"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Percutaneous absorption of two bisphenol a analogues, BPAF and TGSA: Novel In vitro data from human skin 两种双酚 A 类似物 BPAF 和 TGSA 的经皮吸收：来自人体皮肤的新体外数据。

IF 8.1 2区环境科学与生态学 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Chemosphere

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143564

Catherine Champmartin, Claire Seiwert, Matthieu Aubertin, Emmy Joubert, Fabrice Marquet, Lisa Chedik, Frédéric Cosnier

Bisphenol AF (BPAF) and TGSA are analogues of Bisphenol A (BPA). BPAF is used in polymer synthesis, while TGSA is applied in thermal papers. The EU classifies BPAF as toxic to reproduction and TGSA as a skin sensitizer. However, TGSA's other health effects remain unclear. BPAF contamination has been noted among electronic waste workers, and TGSA exposure is documented in various professions. Despite the significance of skin contact, data on skin permeation rates for BPAF and TGSA are limited. This study aimed to generate percutaneous absorption data for BPAF and TGSA following OECD guidelines.

[14C]-labeled BPAF or TGSA was applied to human skin samples in vitro using Franz diffusion cells for 20 and 40 h, respectively. Key parameters such as steady-state flux, lag time, and skin permeability coefficient (K_p) were calculated. Furthermore, the distribution of the dose across different compartments, particularly within the skin, was evaluated at the conclusion of the experiment. Sequential strippings and epidermis-dermis separation were conducted for BPAF to predict the potential absorption of the remaining dose present within the skin.

The permeability coefficients for BPAF and TGSA were found to be 1.9 E−03 and 1.6 E−03 cm/h, with 22% and 23% of the applied doses absorbed, respectively. Both chemicals are classified as "fast" penetrants based on their K_p values. These findings suggest that BPAF and TGSA are absorbed through the skin, highlighting potential occupational risks through dermal exposure. The new percutaneous absorption data will enhance the assessment of the occupational risks.

双酚 AF（BPAF）和 TGSA 是双酚 A（BPA）的类似物。BPAF 用于聚合物合成，而 TGSA 则用于热敏纸。欧盟将双酚 AF 归类为生殖毒性物质，将 TGSA 归类为皮肤致敏物质。不过，TGSA 对健康的其他影响尚不清楚。在电子废物处理工人中发现了双酚 AF 污染，而在各种职业中都有接触 TGSA 的记录。尽管皮肤接触很重要，但有关双酚 AF 和 TGSA 皮肤渗透率的数据却很有限。本研究旨在按照经合组织（OECD）的指导方针，生成双酚 AF 和 TGSA 的经皮吸收数据。使用弗朗兹扩散细胞将[14C]标记的双酚 AF 或 TGSA 分别应用于人体皮肤样本 20 和 40 小时。计算了稳态通量、滞后时间和皮肤渗透系数（Kp）等关键参数。此外，在实验结束时，还对剂量在不同分区（尤其是皮肤内）的分布情况进行了评估。对双酚 AF 进行了顺序剥离和表皮-真皮分离，以预测皮肤内剩余剂量的潜在吸收情况。结果发现，双酚 AF 和 TGSA 的渗透系数分别为 1.9 E-03 和 1.6 E-03 cm/h，吸收率分别为 22% 和 23%。根据 Kp 值，这两种化学品都被归类为 "快速 "渗透剂。这些研究结果表明，双酚 AF 和 TGSA 可通过皮肤吸收，突出表明了皮肤接触的潜在职业风险。新的经皮吸收数据将加强对职业风险的评估。

{"title":"Percutaneous absorption of two bisphenol a analogues, BPAF and TGSA: Novel In vitro data from human skin","authors":"Catherine Champmartin, Claire Seiwert, Matthieu Aubertin, Emmy Joubert, Fabrice Marquet, Lisa Chedik, Frédéric Cosnier","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143564","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143564","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bisphenol AF (BPAF) and TGSA are analogues of Bisphenol A (BPA). BPAF is used in polymer synthesis, while TGSA is applied in thermal papers. The EU classifies BPAF as toxic to reproduction and TGSA as a skin sensitizer. However, TGSA's other health effects remain unclear. BPAF contamination has been noted among electronic waste workers, and TGSA exposure is documented in various professions. Despite the significance of skin contact, data on skin permeation rates for BPAF and TGSA are limited. This study aimed to generate percutaneous absorption data for BPAF and TGSA following OECD guidelines.</div><div>[14C]-labeled BPAF or TGSA was applied to human skin samples <em>in vitro</em> using Franz diffusion cells for 20 and 40 h, respectively. Key parameters such as steady-state flux, lag time, and skin permeability coefficient (K<sub>p</sub>) were calculated. Furthermore, the distribution of the dose across different compartments, particularly within the skin, was evaluated at the conclusion of the experiment. Sequential strippings and epidermis-dermis separation were conducted for BPAF to predict the potential absorption of the remaining dose present within the skin.</div><div>The permeability coefficients for BPAF and TGSA were found to be 1.9 E−03 and 1.6 E−03 cm/h, with 22% and 23% of the applied doses absorbed, respectively. Both chemicals are classified as \"fast\" penetrants based on their K<sub>p</sub> values. These findings suggest that BPAF and TGSA are absorbed through the skin, highlighting potential occupational risks through dermal exposure. The new percutaneous absorption data will enhance the assessment of the occupational risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":276,"journal":{"name":"Chemosphere","volume":"367 ","pages":"Article 143564"},"PeriodicalIF":8.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142483022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0